stickler
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C1 noun /ˈstɪklər/

stickler

personne exigeante sur les règles
Meaning
a person who insists on a certain quality or standard of behavior
Example
He is a stickler for punctuality and never tolerates delays.
Il est très strict sur la ponctualité et ne tolère pas les retards.
C1 noun /pʌn/

pun

jeu de mots
Meaning
A humorous use of words that suggests different meanings or words that sound alike.
Example
He made a clever pun about the bakery's bread rising.
Il a fait un jeu de mots intelligent sur la montée du pain à la boulangerie.
C1 noun /ɪˈmɜː.ʃən/

immersion

immersion
Meaning
Complete engagement in an environment or experience.
Example
Immersion in VR games makes users feel like they are inside the virtual world.
L'immersion dans les jeux en réalité virtuelle fait sentir aux utilisateurs qu'ils sont à l'intérieur du monde virtuel.
C1 noun ˌvɛn.əˈreɪ.ʃən

veneration

vénération
Meaning
Great respect; reverence; the action of regarding with great respect or reverence.
Example
Many cultures show veneration for their ancestors.
De nombreuses cultures montrent de la vénération pour leurs ancêtres.
C1 noun /ˈsæl.mən fɪʃ / ˈroʊ.huː/

Salmon fish / Rohu

poisson Rohu
Meaning
a freshwater fish popular in South Asian cuisine; also refers to salmon which is a different species
Example
Rohu fish is commonly prepared with spices in Bengali households.
Le poisson Rohu est couramment préparé avec des épices dans les foyers bengalis.
C1 adjective /dɪˈmɪnjətɪv/

diminutive

minuscule
Meaning
extremely or unusually small
Example
Despite his diminutive size, he was a powerful leader.
Malgré sa taille minuscule, il était un leader puissant.
C1 noun /ænˈθɒlədʒi/

anthology

anthologie
Meaning
A collection of literary works, such as poems, short stories, or essays, compiled into one volume.
Example
She contributed a poem to the new poetry anthology.
Elle a contribué un poème à la nouvelle anthologie de poésie.
C1 adjective kənˈten.ʃəs

contentious

controversé
Meaning
Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.
Example
The contentious issue divided global leaders.
La question controversée a divisé les dirigeants mondiaux.
C1 noun /ˌkɔːriˈɒɡrəfi/

choreography

chorégraphie
Meaning
The art of designing and arranging dances and movements.
Example
The choreography of the ballet was breathtaking.
La chorégraphie du ballet était époustouflante.
C1 noun /ˈɡaɪ.zər/

geyser

geysers
Meaning
A natural hot spring that intermittently ejects a column of water and steam into the air.
Example
The geyser erupted, shooting water high into the sky.
Le geyser a éclaté, projetant de l'eau très haut dans le ciel.
C1 noun /ˈdʒuː.bɪ.liː/

Jubilee

jubilaire; anniversaire spécial
Meaning
a special anniversary celebration, especially the 25th, 50th, or 60th anniversary of an important event
Example
The school celebrated its golden jubilee with a grand ceremony.
L'école a célébré son jubilé d'or avec une grande cérémonie.
C1 adjective /ˈskeɪ.li/

Scaly

écailleux
Meaning
covered with scales; having a rough surface like scales
Example
The fish has scaly skin.
Le poisson a une peau écailleuse.
C1 noun /ˈpetɪkoʊt/

Petti-coat

jupon
Meaning
an undergarment worn by women under a dress or skirt
Example
She wore a white petticoat under her dress.
Elle portait un jupon blanc sous sa robe.
C1 verb /ˈkaʊər/

cower

se recroqueviller de peur
Meaning
to crouch down in fear
Example
The child cowered behind the sofa during the thunderstorm.
L'enfant se coucha derrière le canapé pendant l'orage.
C1 verb əˈnaɪ.ə.leɪt

annihilate

anéantir
Meaning
Destroy utterly; obliterate; reduce to nothing.
Example
The explosion annihilated the entire village.
L'explosion a anéanti tout le village.
C1 verb /ˈpleɪdʒəraɪz/

plagiarize

plagier
Meaning
to take someone else's work or ideas and present them as your own
Example
He was warned not to plagiarize his friend's essay.
Il a été averti de ne pas plagier l'essai de son ami.
C1 noun ˌriːˈstrʌk.tʃər.ɪŋ

restructuring

réorganisation
Meaning
The action of organizing something differently.
Example
The company underwent restructuring to improve efficiency.
L'entreprise a subi une réorganisation pour améliorer son efficacité.
C1 noun kənˈfɔː.mə.ti

conformity

conformité, obéissance, conformité
Meaning
Compliance with standards, rules, or laws. Behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions.
Example
Strict conformity to the rules ensures order in society.
La conformité stricte aux règles garantit l'ordre dans la société.
C1 noun /ɑːrˈmɑːdə/

armada

flotte de guerre
Meaning
A large fleet of warships.
Example
The Spanish Armada sailed against England in 1588.
L'Armada espagnole a navigué contre l'Angleterre en 1588.
C1 verb /ˈθiːəraɪz/

theorize

théoriser
Meaning
To form a theory or set of ideas to explain something.
Example
Scientists often theorize about the origins of the universe.
Les scientifiques théorisent souvent sur les origines de l'univers.
C1 adjective /ˈtʌf.tɪd/

Tufted

avec des touffes; orné de touffes
Meaning
having a tuft or tufts; furnished with a tuft or clump of threads, hairs, or other material
Example
The tufted sofa looked elegant in the living room.
Le canapé avec des touffes avait l'air élégant dans le salon.
C1 adjective /ˈrɛvərənt/

reverent

révérencieux
Meaning
Showing deep and solemn respect.
Example
They listened to the speech in a reverent silence.
Ils ont écouté le discours dans un silence révérencieux.
C1 verb /əˈlɒt/

allot

bonheur
Meaning
to give or assign something, often a share or portion, to someone
Example
Each student was allotted ten minutes to present.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun /ˈtem.pɚ.əns/

temperance

tempérance
Meaning
Moderation in action, thought, or feeling; restraint.
Example
Temperance is essential for a balanced life.
La tempérance est essentielle pour une vie équilibrée.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˌpætəˈbɪlɪti/

incompatibility

incompatibilité
Meaning
the state of being unable to exist or work together harmoniously; lack of compatibility
Example
The project failed because of incompatibility between the two software systems.
Le projet a échoué à cause de l’incompatibilité entre les deux systèmes logiciels.
C1 adjective dɪˈskrɪmɪnətɔːri

discriminatory

discriminatoire
Meaning
Making or showing an unfair or prejudicial distinction between different categories of people or things.
Example
Discriminatory policies triggered protests.
Les politiques discriminatoires ont déclenché des protestations.
C1 verb /ɪˈdʒektɪd/

ejected

expulser
Meaning
to force someone or something to leave a place; to push or throw something out forcefully
Example
The pilot was ejected from the aircraft during the emergency.
Le pilote a été éjecté de l'avion pendant l'urgence.
C1 verb /ˈmɪŋɡl/

mingle

mêler
Meaning
to mix or combine; to move among people and engage socially
Example
Guests mingled at the party, chatting and laughing together.
Les invités se minglaient à la fête, discutant et riant ensemble.
C1 verb /dəˈmɛstɪkeɪt/

domesticate

domestiquer
Meaning
to tame an animal for use by humans; to adapt something for domestic use
Example
Humans domesticated dogs thousands of years ago.
Les humains ont domestiqué les chiens il y a des milliers d'années.
C1 adjective ˈek.wɪ.tə.bəl

equitable

équitable
Meaning
Fair and impartial
Example
Equitable AI ensures fairness in technology use.
L'IA équitable assure l'équité dans l'utilisation de la technologie.
C1 adjective /ˈfrɛn.zid/

frenzied

frenétique
Meaning
Wildly excited or uncontrolled
Example
The frenzied crowd cheered as the band took the stage.
La foule frénétique a acclamé lorsque le groupe monta sur scène.
C1 noun /ɪnˈkrəʊtʃmənt/

encroachment

empiètement
Meaning
the act of gradually intruding or taking over someone’s rights, land, or space
Example
The villagers protested against the encroachment on their farmland.
Les villageois ont protesté contre l'empiètement sur leurs terres agricoles.
C1 verb /kəˈpɪtjʊˌleɪt/

capitulate

capituler
Meaning
to surrender or give in after resisting
Example
The army had no choice but to capitulate to the enemy.
L'armée n'a eu d'autre choix que de capituler devant l'ennemi.
C1 noun /ˈmævərɪk/

maverick

personne indépendante
Meaning
An unorthodox or independent-minded person.
Example
The maverick scientist challenged established theories.
Le scientifique indépendant a défié les théories établies.
C1 verb /per/

pare

éplucher
Meaning
to cut away the outer covering or reduce something gradually
Example
She pared the apple before eating it.
Elle a pelé la pomme avant de la manger.
C1 noun /ˌpɜː.mɪˈæbɪlɪti/

permeability

perméabilité, la qualité ou l'état d'être perméable, permettant aux liquides ou aux gaz de passer à travers
Meaning
The quality or state of being permeable; allowing liquids or gases to pass through.
Example
The permeability of the soil affects water retention.
La perméabilité du sol affecte la rétention d'eau.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪt/

intoxicate

bonheur
Meaning
to make someone lose control of their faculties or behavior due to alcohol or drugs
Example
The strong drink quickly intoxicated him.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun /ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm/

plagiarism

plagiat
Meaning
the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own
Example
The student was expelled for committing plagiarism in his essay.
L'étudiant a été expulsé pour avoir commis du plagiat dans son essai.
C1 noun /ˈkɒlərə/

cholera

choléra
Meaning
An infectious disease of the small intestine causing severe vomiting and diarrhea.
Example
The village suffered an outbreak of cholera after the flood.
Le village a connu une épidémie de choléra après l'inondation.
C1 noun ɪˈveɪ.ʒən

evasion

évasion
Meaning
The practice of avoiding or escaping from something, especially responsibility or duty.
Example
His evasion of responsibilities frustrated his colleagues.
Son évasion des responsabilités a frustré ses collègues.
C1 noun /ˈsɛtərə/

cetera

etc.
Meaning
Latin for 'the rest' or 'others'; commonly used in the phrase 'et cetera' meaning 'and so on'.
Example
We need to buy pens, paper, notebooks, et cetera.
Nous devons acheter des stylos, du papier, des carnets, etc.
C1 noun /ˈkɒrənər/

coroner

médecin légiste
Meaning
an official who investigates sudden, violent, or suspicious deaths
Example
The coroner determined the cause of death was natural.
Le médecin légiste a déterminé que la cause de la mort était naturelle.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtæŋɡəl/

entangle

emmêler
Meaning
to become twisted together or caught in something; to involve in difficulties
Example
The fish got entangled in the net.
Le poisson s'est emmêlé dans le filet.
C1 adjective ˈdɪs.pər.ət

disparate

disparate
Meaning
containing elements very different from one another.
Example
Their opinions were disparate, leading to debates.
Leurs opinions étaient disparates, ce qui a conduit à des débats.
C1 adjective draʊt rɪˈzɪs.tənt

drought-resistant

résistant à la sécheresse
Meaning
Able to survive and grow despite limited water availability or drought conditions.
Example
Drought-resistant crops can survive in arid conditions.
Les cultures résistantes à la sécheresse peuvent survivre dans des conditions arides.
C1 verb /ləˈmɛnt/

lament

se lamenter
Meaning
to express grief, sorrow, or regret about something
Example
She lamented the loss of her childhood home.
Elle a lamenté la perte de sa maison d'enfance.
C1 verb /ˈsmʌðər/

smother

étouffer / asphyxier
Meaning
to kill someone by covering their nose and mouth to prevent breathing; to cover something completely; to overwhelm with excessive attention or affection
Example
She smothered the fire with a blanket.
Elle a étouffé le feu avec une couverture.
C1 noun /ˌɛksɪˈkjuːʃənər/

executioner

bourreau
Meaning
A person who carries out a death sentence by execution.
Example
The executioner prepared the gallows for the condemned prisoner.
Le bourreau a préparé la potence pour le prisonnier condamné.
C1 adjective /ˈrʌs.tɪk/

Rustic

simple et non sophistiqué ; lié aux zones rurales
Meaning
simple and unsophisticated; relating to rural areas
Example
The rustic cottage had wooden beams and a thatched roof.
Le chalet rustique avait des poutres en bois et un toit de chaume.
C1 adjective /ˈmɜː.sɪ.fəl/

Merciful

miséricordieux; compatissant
Meaning
showing compassion or forgiveness; kind and forgiving
Example
The merciful judge gave him a lighter sentence.
Le juge miséricordieux lui a donné une peine plus légère.
C1 noun ˌæɡ.rəʊˈkem.ɪ.kəl

agrochemical

agrochimique
Meaning
A chemical product used in agriculture, especially a pesticide or fertilizer.
Example
Excessive use of agrochemicals can degrade soil quality.
L'utilisation excessive de produits agrochimiques peut dégrader la qualité du sol.
C1 verb /ˈnuːtər/

neuter

stériliser
Meaning
To remove the reproductive organs of an animal; or having no gender.
Example
They decided to neuter their cat to prevent more kittens.
Ils ont décidé de stériliser leur chat pour éviter plus de chatons.
C1 noun /əˈsɪdɪti/

acidity

acidité
Meaning
the quality or degree of being acidic; the amount of acid present in a substance
Example
The acidity of the soil affects how well crops grow.
L’acidité du sol influence la croissance des cultures.
C1 noun /ˈbɛd.rɒk/

bedrock

fondation
Meaning
the solid rock layer beneath the soil; the fundamental basis of something
Example
Trust is the bedrock of a healthy relationship.
La confiance est la fondation d'une relation saine.
C1 adjective /ˈheɪ.zi/

Hazy

brumeux; vague; flou
Meaning
covered with haze; unclear or vague; lacking clarity
Example
The mountain tops were hazy in the morning mist.
Les sommets des montagnes étaient brumeux dans la brume du matin.
C1 adjective /dɪˈklærətɪv/

declarative

déclaratif
Meaning
relating to a statement that declares something; in grammar, a sentence that makes a statement
Example
A declarative sentence simply states a fact or opinion.
Une phrase déclarative énonce simplement un fait ou une opinion.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnˈɪntɪmeɪtɪŋ/

unintimating

sans indices
Meaning
Not giving a hint or suggestion; not indicating.
Example
His unintimating tone gave no clue of his true feelings.
Son ton sans indices n'a donné aucun indice de ses véritables sentiments.
C1 noun /ˈʃoʊ.və.nɪst/

chauvinist

personne excessivement partiale
Meaning
A person displaying excessive or prejudiced loyalty to a group, cause, or gender.
Example
He was labeled a chauvinist after his remarks about women in the workplace.
Il a été étiqueté comme choviniste après ses remarques sur les femmes au travail.
C1 noun /ˈskæf.əld/

Scaffold

échafaud
Meaning
a temporary structure used by workers to stand on when building or repairing something high; a platform for execution
Example
The workers erected a scaffold to paint the building's exterior.
Les ouvriers ont érigé un échafaud pour peindre l'extérieur du bâtiment.
C1 verb ɪkˈstræp.ə.leɪt

Extrapolate

extrapoler
Meaning
Making future estimates based on existing information
Example
Scientists extrapolate climate changes based on past data.
Les scientifiques extrapolent les changements climatiques en se basant sur les données passées.
C1 noun/verb /tæk/

tack

punaise / tactique
Meaning
a small sharp nail; or to change direction in sailing or approach something differently
Example
She used a tack to pin the paper on the wall.
Elle a utilisé une punaise pour fixer le papier au mur.
C1 adjective /pərˈmɪsəbl̩/

permissible

permis
Meaning
allowed or permitted by rules or law
Example
It is permissible to park here after 6 p.m.
Il est permis de se garer ici après 18h.
C1 noun /ˈɪmɪdʒəri/

imagery

imagerie
Meaning
visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work
Example
The poet's use of imagery brought the scene to life.
L'utilisation de l'imagerie par le poète a donné vie à la scène.
C1 adjective /ɛnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdɪk/

encyclopedic

encyclopédique
Meaning
Having comprehensive knowledge of many subjects; relating to or characteristic of an encyclopedia.
Example
Her encyclopedic knowledge of history amazed everyone at the conference.
Ses connaissances encyclopédiques en histoire ont étonné tout le monde à la conférence.
C1 noun /əˈtrɑːsəti/

atrocity

atrocité
Meaning
an extremely cruel or violent act, often involving physical violence
Example
The world condemned the atrocity committed against civilians.
Le monde a condamné l'atrocité commise contre les civils.
C1 noun ˈkəmˌpaʊndɪŋ

compounding

intérêts composés
Meaning
The process whereby interest is added to an amount of money and future interest is calculated on the total.
Example
Compounding interest increases the value of investments over time.
Les intérêts composés augmentent la valeur des investissements au fil du temps.
C1 adjective /priˈɛmptɪv/

preemptive

préventif
Meaning
Serving or intended to prevent something by taking action first.
Example
The government took preemptive measures to control inflation.
Le gouvernement a pris des mesures préventives pour contrôler l'inflation.
C1 noun /ˈkrɛvɪs/

crevice

fissure
Meaning
a narrow crack or opening, especially in a rock or wall
Example
The lizard hid in a crevice between the stones.
Le lézard s'est caché dans une fissure entre les pierres.
C1 verb /ˈdɛprɪˌkeɪt/

deprecate

déprécier
Meaning
to express disapproval of something
Example
The teacher deprecated the use of slang in academic essays.
Le professeur a déprécié l'utilisation de l'argot dans les essais académiques.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtruːd/

intrude

interrompre
Meaning
To enter a place or situation where one is not wanted or not invited.
Example
He felt embarrassed to intrude on their private conversation.
Il s'est senti embarrassé d'interrompre leur conversation privée.
C1 verb /bɪˈsɛt/

beset

assiéger, harceler
Meaning
to trouble, harass, or attack on all sides
Example
The village was beset by constant floods.
Le village était assiégé par des inondations constantes.
C1 adjective /dɪˈmɛntɪd/

demented

dément / irrationnel
Meaning
behaving irrationally due to mental illness or extreme excitement
Example
He looked demented after hearing the shocking news.
Il avait l'air dément après avoir entendu la nouvelle choquante.
C1 noun kəˈmɑːnd ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi

command economy

économie commandée
Meaning
An economic system where economic activities are controlled by the government.
Example
In a command economy, the government controls production and prices.
Dans une économie commandée, le gouvernement contrôle la production et les prix.
C1 noun /əˈtoʊnmənt/

atonement

expiation
Meaning
the act of making amends for a wrong, sin, or injury
Example
The festival was celebrated as a day of atonement.
Le festival a été célébré comme un jour d'expiation.
C1 verb /əˈdʒuːdɪˌkeɪt/

adjudicate

juger
Meaning
to make a formal judgment or decision about a problem or dispute
Example
The committee was formed to adjudicate disputes between the parties.
Un comité a été formé pour juger les différends entre les parties.
C1 adjective /ˈven.ə.məs/

Venomous

venimeux; malveillant;
Meaning
secreting venom; full of malice or spite; extremely hostile
Example
The venomous snake struck quickly at its prey.
Le serpent venimeux a frappé rapidement sa proie.
C1 adjective /ˈwaɪ.li/

Wily

rusé; malin; sournois
Meaning
clever; cunning; sly
Example
The wily fox escaped from the trap using his cunning intelligence.
Le renard rusé a échappé au piège en utilisant son intelligence sournoise.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnhɒˈspɪtəbl/

inhospitable

inhospitalier
Meaning
Harsh and difficult to live in; unfriendly or unwelcoming to guests.
Example
The desert is an inhospitable environment for most plants.
Le désert est un environnement inhospitalier pour la plupart des plantes.
C1 verb /ˈhɔːrɪfaɪ/

horrify

horrifier
Meaning
to fill with horror; to shock or disgust greatly
Example
The violent scene horrified the audience.
La scène violente a horrifié le public.
C1 verb /hɔːl/

haul

traîner
Meaning
to pull or drag something heavy with effort
Example
The workers hauled the boxes into the truck.
Les travailleurs ont traîné les boîtes dans le camion.
C1 noun /ˈbrɛvɪti/

brevity

brièveté
Meaning
Concise and exact use of words in writing or speech.
Example
The brevity of the speech kept the audience engaged.
La brièveté du discours a captivé le public.
C1 noun /ˈloʊ.kəst/

Locust

sauterelle
Meaning
a large insect that flies in groups and eats crops
Example
The locusts destroyed the entire wheat field.
Les sauterelles ont détruit tout le champ de blé.
C1 verb /slɪŋ/

sling

lancer, suspendre
Meaning
to throw or hang something roughly or carelessly
Example
He slung his bag over his shoulder before leaving.
Il a jeté son sac par-dessus son épaule avant de partir.
C1 noun, verb /spreɪn/

sprain

entorse
Meaning
an injury to a joint in which the ligaments are stretched or torn
Example
She sprained her ankle while running in the park.
Elle s'est foulé la cheville en courant dans le parc.
C1 noun kənˈsɔː.ti.əm

consortium

consortium
Meaning
An association of several companies or organizations formed to undertake an enterprise beyond the resources of any one member.
Example
The consortium worked collaboratively to build the cable.
Le consortium a travaillé de manière collaborative pour construire le câble.
C1 adjective /ˈprɛdəˌtɔri/

predatory

prédateur/exploitant
Meaning
Relating to animals that prey on others; exploiting or victimizing others for personal gain.
Example
The predatory bird swooped down on its prey.
L'oiseau prédateur s'est précipité sur sa proie.
C1 noun /ɡəˈzet/

Gazette

gazette
Meaning
an official journal or newspaper, especially one published by an organization or government
Example
The promotion was officially announced in the government gazette last week.
La promotion a été annoncée officiellement dans la gazette gouvernementale la semaine dernière.
C1 noun /trænsˈfjuːʒən/

transfusion

transfusion sanguine
Meaning
the process of transferring blood or another fluid into a person's vein
Example
The patient received a blood transfusion after the accident.
Le patient a reçu une transfusion sanguine après l'accident.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɪvəlrəs/

chivalrous

cavalier
Meaning
Behaving in a courteous, gallant, and honorable way, especially toward women.
Example
He was chivalrous, always opening doors for others.
Il était chevaleresque, toujours en train d'ouvrir les portes pour les autres.
C1 noun ˈdaɪ.nə.sti

dynasty

dynastie
Meaning
A line of hereditary rulers of a country; a succession of people from the same family who play a prominent role in business, politics, or another field.
Example
The Ming dynasty ruled China for centuries.
La dynastie Ming a régné sur la Chine pendant des siècles.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnəˈteɪnəbl/

unattainable

inaccessible
Meaning
impossible to achieve, reach, or accomplish
Example
For many, becoming a professional athlete remains an unattainable dream.
Pour beaucoup, devenir un athlète professionnel reste un rêve inaccessible.
C1 noun ˈvæljuː beɪst ˌɛdjuːˈkeɪʃən

value-based education

éducation basée sur les valeurs
Meaning
Education that emphasizes moral principles and ethical values.
Example
Value-based education shapes moral character.
L'éducation basée sur les valeurs façonne le caractère moral.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdjuːsmənt/

inducement

incitation
Meaning
something that persuades or encourages someone to do something
Example
The company offered a bonus as an inducement to employees.
L'entreprise a offert une prime comme incitation aux employés.
C1 verb /ɪkˈspaʊnd/

expound

expliquer en détail
Meaning
to present and explain in detail
Example
The professor expounded the theory in simple terms.
Le professeur a exposé la théorie en termes simples.
C1 noun /ˌsɛrənˈdɪpɪti/

serendipity

sérendipité
Meaning
The occurrence of events by chance in a happy or beneficial way.
Example
Finding that old photo album was pure serendipity.
Trouver cet ancien album photo a été de la pure sérendipité.
C1 noun /ˈrɛpərˌtɔːri/

repertory

répertoire
Meaning
A collection of works that a company, performer, or institution regularly performs; also a storehouse of information or skills.
Example
The theater has a repertory of classic plays.
Le théâtre a un répertoire de pièces classiques.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈwɪtɪŋ/

unwitting

involontaire
Meaning
Not aware of what is happening; done without realizing.
Example
She became an unwitting participant in the scam.
Elle est devenue une participante involontaire dans l'escroquerie.
C1 noun dɪˌtɪə.ri.əˈreɪ.ʃən

deterioration

détérioration
Meaning
The process of becoming progressively worse; decline in quality, condition, or strength.
Example
Poor maintenance leads to material deterioration.
Un mauvais entretien conduit à la détérioration du matériel.
C1 adjective /rɪˈpʌl.sɪv/

Repulsive

répulsif; dégoûtant; qui provoque une forte aversion
Meaning
extremely unpleasant; causing strong dislike or disgust
Example
The smell of rotten eggs was absolutely repulsive.
L'odeur des œufs pourris était absolument répugnante.
C1 noun ˈnærətɪv staɪl

narrative style

style narratif
Meaning
The way in which a story is told, including the point of view and the voice of the narrator.
Example
Dickens' narrative style is engaging and emotional.
Le style narratif de Dickens est captivant et émotionnel.
C1 noun

Kin

famille; parents;
C1 noun ˈlɪniɪdʒ

Lineage

lignée
Meaning
Direct descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree.
Example
Tracing your lineage can reveal unknown ancestors.
Tracer votre lignée peut révéler des ancêtres inconnus.
C1 verb bɪˈkwiːð

bequeath

léguer
Meaning
Leave something to someone in a will; pass down or hand down to the next generation.
Example
The scientist bequeathed his research papers to the university.
Le scientifique a légué ses papiers de recherche à l'université.
C1 noun /ˈkruːsɪbəl/

crucible

épreuve sévère, creuset
Meaning
a severe test or trial; a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures
Example
The team emerged stronger from the crucible of competition.
L'équipe est sortie plus forte de l'épreuve de la compétition.
C1 verb /dɪˈbɑːr/

debar

interdire
Meaning
To officially prevent someone from doing something.
Example
He was debarred from entering the competition due to cheating.
Il a été interdit d'entrer dans la compétition en raison de la triche.
C1 verb /bɪˈlɪtl/

belittle

rabaisser
Meaning
To make someone or something seem less important or less valuable.
Example
He often belittled his coworkers to feel superior.
Il rabaissait souvent ses collègues pour se sentir supérieur.
C1 noun kəˈrəʊ.ʒən

corrosion

corrosion
Meaning
The gradual destruction of materials by chemical or electrochemical reaction, especially of metals by oxidation.
Example
Corrosion in pipes leads to leakage.
La corrosion dans les tuyaux conduit à des fuites.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstɔːr.ʃən/

extortion

extorsion
Meaning
the practice of obtaining something, especially money, through force or threats
Example
The businessman was arrested for extortion after threatening his partner.
L'homme d'affaires a été arrêté pour extorsion après avoir menacé son partenaire.
C1 verb /ˈbruːtəlaɪz/

brutalize

brutaliser
Meaning
to treat someone with extreme violence or cruelty; to make something harsh or cruel
Example
The regime was accused of brutalizing innocent civilians.
Le régime a été accusé de brutaliser des civils innocents.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːrθi/

earthy

terrestre / simple
Meaning
resembling or suggestive of earth or soil; simple, natural, and sometimes coarse
Example
The dish had a rich, earthy flavor from the mushrooms.
Le plat avait une saveur riche et terreuse provenant des champignons.
C1 noun /dɪˈrɪʒən/

derision

mépris
Meaning
Contemptuous ridicule or mockery.
Example
His ideas were greeted with derision by the audience.
Ses idées ont été accueillies avec mépris par le public.
C1 /ˈɡrævəl/

gravel

gravier
Meaning
Small stones and pebbles, often mixed with sand, used for paths, roads, and construction.
Example
The driveway was covered with gravel.
L'allée était recouverte de gravier.
C1 verb /ˈskwɒbəl/

squabble

se disputer bruyamment pour quelque chose de trivial
Meaning
To argue noisily over something small or unimportant.
Example
The children squabbled over the last piece of cake.
Les enfants se disputaient pour le dernier morceau de gâteau.
C1 adjective ʌnˈtʃɑːtɪd

uncharted

inexploré
Meaning
Not mapped or surveyed; unknown or unexplored.
Example
The mission aimed to explore uncharted areas of the planet.
La mission visait à explorer des zones inexplorées de la planète.
C1 adjective /rɪˈvenʒ.fəl/

Revengeful

vindicatif
Meaning
seeking or desiring revenge; vindictive
Example
He became revengeful after being betrayed by his friend.
Il est devenu vindicatif après avoir été trahi par son ami.
C1 verb /ˈpæri/

parry

parer une attaque
Meaning
to ward off or deflect an attack, especially in fencing or conversation
Example
He managed to parry the opponent’s sword with quick reflexes.
Il a réussi à parer l'épée de l'adversaire avec des réflexes rapides.
C1 noun /ɪˈnɜː.ʃə/

Inertia

inertie; manque d'activité
Meaning
a tendency to do nothing or remain unchanged; lack of activity or movement
Example
The team's inertia prevented them from adapting to the rapidly changing market conditions.
L'inertie de l'équipe les a empêchés de s'adapter aux conditions du marché en évolution rapide.
C1 noun kənˌsɒl.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən

Consolidation

consolidation de la mémoire
Meaning
The process of converting newly learned information into long-term memory
Example
Sleep plays a key role in memory consolidation.
Le sommeil joue un rôle clé dans la consolidation de la mémoire.
C1 noun /ˈdɑːsieɪ/

dossier

dossier
Meaning
A collection of documents about a particular person, event, or subject.
Example
The lawyer presented a dossier of evidence to the court.
L'avocat a présenté un dossier de preuves au tribunal.
C1 verb /iːk/

eke

étirer
Meaning
to make a small amount of something last longer by using it sparingly
Example
The family tried to eke out their savings during the tough months.
La famille a essayé de faire durer ses économies pendant les mois difficiles.
C1 noun /fruˈɪʃən/

fruition

réalisation
Meaning
The realization or fulfillment of a plan, project, or desire.
Example
Her dream of becoming a doctor finally came to fruition.
Son rêve de devenir médecin s'est enfin réalisé.