spasmodic
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C2 adjective /spæzˈmɒdɪk/

spasmodic

spasmodique
Meaning
occurring irregularly or in sudden bursts
Example
The patient experienced spasmodic coughing during the night.
Le patient a eu des toux spasmodiques pendant la nuit.
C2 adjective /ɪˈfʌldʒənt/

effulgent

éclatant
Meaning
Shining brilliantly; radiant.
Example
Her effulgent smile brightened everyone's mood.
Son sourire éclatant a illuminé l'humeur de tout le monde.
C2 noun /əˈstɪɡmətɪzəm/

astigmatism

astigmatisme
Meaning
An eye defect causing blurred vision due to irregular curvature of the cornea or lens.
Example
She wears glasses to correct her astigmatism.
Elle porte des lunettes pour corriger son astigmatisme.
C2 adjective /woʊnt/ or /wɔːnt/

wont

habitué
Meaning
accustomed or used to doing something
Example
She rose early, as she was wont to do.
Elle se leva tôt, comme elle en avait l'habitude.
C2 noun /ˌdʒiː.niˈæl.ə.ti/

geniality

gentillesse
Meaning
the quality of being friendly and cheerful
Example
His geniality made him popular among his colleagues.
Sa gentillesse le rendait populaire parmi ses collègues.
C2 verb /bɪˈwɪtʃ/

bewitch

envoûter
Meaning
to enchant or fascinate someone as if by magic
Example
The dancer's performance bewitched the audience.
La performance de la danseuse a enchanté le public.
C2 noun /ˈpaʊ.waʊ/

powwow

réunion informelle
Meaning
an informal meeting or conference to discuss something
Example
The team held a quick powwow before the presentation.
L'équipe a tenu une réunion rapide avant la présentation.
C2 adjective /ˈnʌpʃəl/

nuptial

nuptial
Meaning
Relating to marriage or weddings.
Example
The couple prepared for their nuptial ceremony with great joy.
Le couple s'est préparé pour leur cérémonie nuptiale avec grande joie.
C2 noun /aɪər/

ire

colère, rage
Meaning
intense anger or rage
Example
The new policy provoked the ire of the employees.
La nouvelle politique a provoqué la colère des employés.
C2 noun /ˈproʊbɪti/

probity

probité
Meaning
The quality of having strong moral principles; honesty and decency.
Example
The judge was admired for his integrity and probity.
Le juge a été admiré pour son intégrité et sa probité.
C2 noun ˌkɒmpjʊˈteɪʃənəl kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən

computational communication

communication computationnelle
Meaning
Digital exchange and automated interaction; the use of computational methods and systems to facilitate communication and information sharing.
Example
Computational communication is reshaping how we share information.
La communication computationnelle redéfinit la manière dont nous partageons les informations.
C2 adjective /ˌsæpəˈneɪʃəs/

saponaceous

savonneux
Meaning
Soapy or having the qualities of soap.
Example
The plant has saponaceous leaves that produce foam when rubbed in water.
La plante a des feuilles savonneuses qui produisent de la mousse lorsqu'elles sont frottées dans l'eau.
C2 verb /ɪmˈbruː/

imbrue

tacher
Meaning
To stain, especially with blood.
Example
His hands were imbrued with blood after the battle.
Ses mains étaient tachetées de sang après la bataille.
C2 noun /ˌɪntərˈlɒkjətər/

interlocutor

interlocuteur
Meaning
a person who takes part in a conversation or dialogue
Example
She was a skilled interlocutor during the debate.
Elle était une interlocutrice habile pendant le débat.
C2 noun ˈvɜː.mɪ.kʌl.tʃər

vermiculture

vermiculture
Meaning
The cultivation of earthworms, especially for use in composting organic waste.
Example
Vermiculture enriches soil with natural nutrients.
La vermiculture enrichit le sol avec des nutriments naturels.
C2 adjective /ˈblɪŋkəd/

blinkered

borné
Meaning
Having a limited or narrow outlook; unable or unwilling to consider other perspectives.
Example
His blinkered attitude stopped him from seeing the bigger picture.
Son attitude bornée l'a empêché de voir le tableau d'ensemble.
C2 noun /pəˈtiːnə/

patina

un film ou une brillance sur le métal, la pierre ou le bois dû à l'âge ou à l'usage; aussi, une apparence superficielle
Meaning
a surface film or sheen on metal, stone, or wood due to age or use; also, a superficial appearance
Example
The bronze statue developed a green patina after years in the sea air.
La statue en bronze a développé une patine verte après des années passées dans l'air marin.
C2 verb /ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːrt/

controvert

contredire
Meaning
to dispute or argue against; to contradict
Example
The scientist controversed the previous research findings.
Le scientifique a contredit les résultats de la recherche précédente.
C2 noun /ˈʃɑːdənfrɔɪdə/

schadenfreude

plaisir dérivé du malheur d'autrui
Meaning
pleasure derived from another person's misfortune
Example
He felt a sense of schadenfreude when his rival failed.
Il a ressenti un sentiment de schadenfreude lorsque son rival a échoué.
C2 adjective /ˈtɔːrʃəs/

tortious

acte illicite
Meaning
Relating to or involving a wrongful act leading to legal liability.
Example
The company was found guilty of tortious interference with contracts.
L'entreprise a été reconnue coupable d'interférence illicite avec les contrats.
C2 noun /ˈlɔɪtərər/

loiterer

personne qui traîne sans but dans un endroit
Meaning
A person who lingers aimlessly in a place without purpose.
Example
The police questioned the loiterer outside the store.
La police a interrogé le loiterer dehors du magasin.
C2 noun /tɑːrn/

tarn

lac de montagne
Meaning
A small mountain lake or pool.
Example
We camped near a tranquil tarn in the highlands.
Nous avons campé près d'un lac de montagne tranquille dans les Highlands.
C2 adjective /kənˈdʒɛktʃərəl/

conjectural

conjectural
Meaning
based on guesswork or incomplete evidence rather than certain knowledge
Example
His explanation was purely conjectural and lacked proof.
Son explication était purement conjecturale et manquait de preuves.
C2 verb /əbˈtruːd/

obtrude

intruser
Meaning
to force oneself or one's ideas into a situation uninvited or inappropriately
Example
He didn’t want to obtrude into their private conversation.
Il ne voulait pas intruser dans leur conversation privée.
C2 noun /ˈtælən/

talon

griffe
Meaning
A claw, especially one belonging to a bird of prey.
Example
The eagle gripped the fish with its sharp talons.
L'aigle a saisi le poisson avec ses griffes acérées.
C2 noun /ˌfɑːrməkəˈpiːə/

pharmacopoeia

pharmacopée
Meaning
An official book listing medicinal drugs, their effects, and directions for use.
Example
The doctor referred to the pharmacopoeia to check the drug's proper dosage.
Le médecin a consulté la pharmacopée pour vérifier la dose correcte du médicament.
C2 noun /priˈɛmpʃən/

preemption

droit de préemption
Meaning
The act of taking action before someone else; the right to purchase or act before others.
Example
The company exercised preemption to acquire the land before competitors.
L'entreprise a exercé son droit de préemption pour acquérir le terrain avant les concurrents.
C2 noun /ˌrɛtəˈrɪʃən/

rhetorician

rhéteur
Meaning
A person who is skilled in the art of rhetoric or persuasive speaking/writing.
Example
The rhetorician captivated the audience with his eloquence.
Le rhéteur a captivé l'auditoire avec son éloquence.
C2 verb /ˈek.stər.peɪt/

extirpate

extirper
Meaning
to completely remove or destroy something unwanted
Example
The government launched a program to extirpate corruption from public offices.
Le gouvernement a lancé un programme pour extirper la corruption des bureaux publics.
C2 noun /ˈɔːrzmən/

Oarsman

rameur
Meaning
a person who rows a boat, especially as a member of a racing crew
Example
The experienced oarsman rowed the boat across the river.
Le rameur expérimenté a ramé le bateau à travers le fleuve.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrbərɪˌkʌltʃər/

arboriculture

arboriculture
Meaning
the cultivation and management of trees and shrubs
Example
He studied arboriculture to improve urban green spaces.
Il a étudié l'arboriculture pour améliorer les espaces verts urbains.
C2 noun /nɛl/

knell

glas
Meaning
The sound of a bell, especially when rung solemnly for a death or funeral; a signal of the end or failure of something.
Example
The knell of the church bell echoed through the valley at dusk.
Le glas de l'église résonnait à travers la vallée au crépuscule.
C2 adjective /ˌdaɪəˈbɒlɪk/

diabolic

diabolique
Meaning
Extremely evil or cruel; characteristic of the devil.
Example
The villain devised a diabolic scheme.
Le méchant a imaginé un plan diabolique.
C2 noun /ɪnˈsɪpiəns/

incipience

début
Meaning
the beginning or initial stage of something
Example
The project was still in its incipience when funding was approved.
Le projet en était encore à ses débuts lorsque le financement a été approuvé.
C2 noun /rɪˈmɒnstrəns/

remonstrance

protestation
Meaning
A forceful protest or objection.
Example
The workers’ remonstrance against unfair treatment was ignored.
La protestation des travailleurs contre le traitement injuste a été ignorée.
C2 noun /ˈsweɪʒən/

suasion

persuasion
Meaning
the act of persuading or influencing someone
Example
The leader used gentle suasion to win support for the plan.
Le leader a utilisé une suasion douce pour obtenir le soutien pour le plan.
C2 noun /əˈkwaɪərmənt/

acquirement

acquisition; accomplissement
Meaning
the act of acquiring something; something that has been acquired, especially a skill or possession
Example
Language proficiency is an important acquirement for global careers.
La maîtrise des langues est une acquisition importante pour les carrières mondiales.
C2 noun/adjective /ˈlæpɪˌdɛri/

lapidary

lapidaire
Meaning
As noun: a person who cuts, polishes, or engraves precious stones; As adjective: relating to such work.
Example
The museum displayed lapidary tools used in ancient times.
Le musée a exposé des outils lapidaires utilisés dans les temps anciens.
C2 adjective /suːˈpɜːrnəl/

supernal

céleste
Meaning
Relating to the heavens; celestial or divine.
Example
The painting captured a supernal beauty that felt otherworldly.
La peinture a capturé une beauté céleste qui semblait d'un autre monde.
C2 adjective /rɪˈdjuːsəbl̩/

reducible

réductible
Meaning
capable of being simplified, lessened, or made smaller
Example
The problem is complex but reducible to a few basic principles.
Le problème est complexe mais réductible à quelques principes de base.
C2 adjective /ˈbʌmpʃəs/

bumptious

prétentieux
Meaning
Arrogantly self-assertive or conceited.
Example
The bumptious student interrupted the teacher several times.
L'étudiant prétentieux a interrompu le professeur plusieurs fois.
C2 adverb /bɪˈtaɪmz/

betimes

tôt
Meaning
early; in good time
Example
She rose betimes to finish her work.
Elle s'est levée tôt pour finir son travail.
C2 noun /krɪpˈtɒɡ.rə.fi/

cryptography

pratique de sécuriser les informations par des techniques de cryptage ou de codage
Meaning
The practice of securing information through encryption or coding techniques
Example
Modern cryptography ensures secure online transactions.
La cryptographie moderne garantit des transactions en ligne sécurisées.
C2 noun /dɪsˈkwaɪɪtjuːd/

disquietude

inquiétude
Meaning
A state of uneasiness, anxiety, or restlessness.
Example
His constant pacing showed his inner disquietude.
Ses pas incessants montraient son inquiétude intérieure.
C2 noun /θiˈɒsəfi/

theosophy

théosophie
Meaning
A religious or philosophical belief system that seeks direct knowledge of the mysteries of life and the divine.
Example
Theosophy attracted people interested in mysticism and spiritual growth.
La théosophie a attiré des personnes intéressées par le mysticisme et la croissance spirituelle.
C2 noun /ˌmɔːzəˈliːəm/

mausoleum

mausolée
Meaning
A large stately building that houses a tomb or several tombs.
Example
The king was buried in a grand mausoleum.
Le roi a été enterré dans un grand mausolée.
C2 adjective /ɪˈfiːt/

effete

efféminé
Meaning
Lacking vitality, strength, or effectiveness; weak and overrefined.
Example
The empire became effete after centuries of indulgence.
L'empire est devenu efféminé après des siècles de luxe.
C2 noun /ˈfɜːrnəri/

fernery

fernière, endroit où les fougères sont cultivées
Meaning
a place or greenhouse where ferns are cultivated
Example
The garden's fernery was full of exotic plants.
La ferniére du jardin était pleine de plantes exotiques.
C2 adjective /ˈdɪsəluːt/

dissolute

dissolu
Meaning
lacking moral restraint; indulging excessively in sensual pleasures
Example
He led a dissolute life filled with parties and gambling.
Il a mené une vie dissolue remplie de fêtes et de jeux d'argent.
C2 adjective /ɪˈnjʊərd/

inured

habitué
Meaning
Accustomed to something, especially something unpleasant.
Example
After years of hardship, she was inured to suffering.
Après des années de souffrance, elle était habituée à la douleur.
C2 noun /skʌlˈdʌɡəri/

skulduggery

fraude
Meaning
underhanded or dishonest behavior
Example
The politician was accused of financial skulduggery.
Le politicien a été accusé de fraude financière.
C2 adjective /prəˈhɪbɪtɔːri/

prohibitory

interdisant
Meaning
Serving or tending to prohibit or forbid.
Example
The prohibitory laws were strictly enforced in the region.
Les lois interdisant ont été strictement appliquées dans la région.
C2 noun /ˈɑːr.bɪ.trɑːʒ/

arbitrage

arbitrage
Meaning
The simultaneous buying and selling of securities in different markets to take advantage of differing prices.
Example
Investors use arbitrage to make profits in global markets.
Les investisseurs utilisent l'arbitrage pour réaliser des bénéfices sur les marchés mondiaux.
C2 noun /ˈmaɪtər/

miter

mitre
Meaning
a tall, pointed hat worn by bishops; also a type of joint made between two pieces of material
Example
The bishop placed the miter on his head during the ceremony.
L'évêque a posé la mitre sur sa tête pendant la cérémonie.
C2 noun /ˈnɪk.næk/

knickknack

bonheur
Meaning
A small decorative object, especially in a house.
Example
The shelf was full of little knickknacks collected from their travels.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C2 adjective /ˌbiːəˈtɪfɪk/

beatific

béatifique
Meaning
blissfully happy or showing great joy
Example
She had a beatific smile after hearing the good news.
Elle avait un sourire béatifique après avoir entendu les bonnes nouvelles.
C2 adjective /ˈmɪn.ɪ.skjuːl/

miniscule

minuscule
Meaning
Extremely small or tiny.
Example
The error was so miniscule that nobody noticed it.
L'erreur était si minuscule que personne ne l'a remarquée.
C2 adjective /ˌɪrɛvəˈrɛnʃəl/

irreverential

irrévérencieux
Meaning
Showing a lack of respect for things that are generally taken seriously.
Example
His irreverential humor often shocked traditional audiences.
Son humour irrévérencieux choquait souvent les spectateurs traditionnels.
C2 noun /ˌlæs.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

laceration

coupure profonde
Meaning
a deep cut or tear in skin or flesh
Example
He needed stitches for a laceration on his leg.
Il avait besoin de points pour une coupure profonde à sa jambe.
C2 verb /ˌmɪskənˈsiːv/

misconceive

mal comprendre
Meaning
To misunderstand or form an incorrect idea about something.
Example
He misconceived the purpose of the project.
Il a mal compris l'objectif du projet.
C2 adjective /ˌsɒfəˈmɒrɪk/

sophomoric

immature
Meaning
showing immaturity and overconfidence, like a sophomore
Example
His sophomoric behavior embarrassed his friends.
Son comportement immature a embarrassé ses amis.
C2 adjective /lɪˈbɪdənəs/

libidinous

lubrique
Meaning
Showing excessive sexual drive; lustful.
Example
The play was criticized for its libidinous characters.
La pièce a été critiquée pour ses personnages lubriques.
C2 adjective /ʌnˈmɪtɪɡeɪtɪd/

unmitigated

complet
Meaning
absolute; not lessened or moderated
Example
The meeting was an unmitigated disaster.
La réunion était un désastre complet.
C2 adjective /ˈflaɪti/

flighty

instable
Meaning
unstable, impulsive, or easily distracted; lacking seriousness or stability
Example
She’s too flighty to stick with one job for long.
Elle est trop instable pour rester dans un seul travail pendant longtemps.
C2 verb /ˈhɜːrtl/

hurtle

se précipiter
Meaning
To move or cause to move at great speed, often in a dangerous way.
Example
The car hurtled down the mountain road.
La voiture dévalait la route de montagne à grande vitesse.
C2 adjective /splɪˈnɛtɪk/

splenetic

irritable, colérique
Meaning
bad-tempered, irritable, spiteful
Example
His splenetic remarks offended everyone in the room.
Ses remarques colériques ont offensé tout le monde dans la pièce.
C2 adjective /dɪˈluːsəri/

delusory

illusoires
Meaning
Based on illusion; not real.
Example
He was filled with delusory hopes of becoming famous overnight.
Il était rempli de faux espoirs de devenir célèbre du jour au lendemain.
C2 noun /ˈdræɡˌnɛt/

dragnet

filtre
Meaning
A systematic search or investigation, often by police to catch criminals.
Example
The police launched a dragnet to capture the fugitives.
La police a lancé un filtre pour capturer les fugitifs.
C2 noun /rɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/

renunciation

renonciation
Meaning
the formal rejection or giving up of something, usually a belief, claim, or way of life
Example
His renunciation of worldly pleasures impressed the monks.
Sa renonciation aux plaisirs mondains a impressionné les moines.
C2 adjective ɪnˈfiː.zə.bəl

infeasible

infaisable
Meaning
Not possible to do easily or conveniently; impracticable.
Example
Restoring the forest may become infeasible if destruction continues.
Restaurer la forêt peut devenir infaisable si la destruction continue.
C2 noun /ˈhaɪərəˌɡlɪf/

hieroglyph

hiéroglyphe
Meaning
A picture or symbol used in ancient writing systems, especially Egyptian writing.
Example
The walls of the temple were covered in hieroglyphs.
Les murs du temple étaient recouverts de hiéroglyphes.
C2 noun /ˈdaɪɡræf/

digraph

digraphe
Meaning
A pair of letters representing a single sound, such as 'sh' in 'ship'.
Example
In the word 'phone', the letters 'ph' form a digraph.
Dans le mot 'téléphone', les lettres 'ph' forment un digraphe.
C2 noun /ˌniːoʊˈpeɪɡənɪzəm/

neopaganism

néopaganisme
Meaning
Modern religious movements influenced by or claiming to be derived from the various historical pagan beliefs of pre-modern Europe.
Example
Neopaganism has gained popularity as people seek spiritual alternatives to mainstream religions.
Le néopaganisme a gagné en popularité à mesure que les gens recherchent des alternatives spirituelles aux religions dominantes.
C2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈstraɪd/

overstride

franchir en faisant de grands pas
Meaning
To stride over something; to step across with long steps.
Example
He managed to overstride the narrow stream with ease.
Il a réussi à franchir le ruisseau étroit avec facilité.
C2 verb /ˌɪntərˈsiːd/

intercede

intercéder
Meaning
to act or plead on behalf of someone in difficulty or trouble; to intervene between parties to help resolve a dispute
Example
She interceded with the teacher to give her brother another chance.
Elle a intercédé auprès du professeur pour donner une autre chance à son frère.
C2 verb /ɪnˈdʒɛst/

ingest

ingérer
Meaning
To take food, drink, or another substance into the body, usually by swallowing.
Example
The patient must ingest the medicine with water.
Le patient doit ingérer le médicament avec de l'eau.
C2 noun /ˈhɛptɑːrki/

heptarchy

héptarchie
Meaning
A group of seven rulers or governments, especially the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in early England.
Example
The history book described the heptarchy of Anglo-Saxon England.
Le livre d'histoire a décrit la héptarchie de l'Angleterre anglo-saxonne.
C2 verb /ˈtɪpəl/

tipple

boire
Meaning
to drink alcohol, especially regularly or in small amounts
Example
He likes to tipple at the local pub after work.
Il aime boire au pub local après le travail.
C2 noun/adjective /prɪˈsɪpɪtənt/

precipitant

précipitant
Meaning
As a noun: a substance that causes a substance to be deposited from a solution; as an adjective: acting hastily or impulsively.
Example
The chemist added a precipitant to the solution to observe the reaction.
Le chimiste a ajouté un précipitant à la solution pour observer la réaction.
C2 adjective /ˈfʌndʒəbl/

fungible

fongible
Meaning
interchangeable; able to replace or be replaced by another identical item
Example
In finance, money is considered a fungible asset.
En finance, l'argent est considéré comme un actif fongible.
C2 /laɪð/

lithe

souple et gracieux
Meaning
thin, supple, and graceful in movement
Example
The lithe dancer captivated the audience with her graceful spins.
La danseuse souple a captivé le public avec ses pirouettes gracieuses.
C2 noun /ˈmiːliərɪzəm/

meliorism

méliorisme
Meaning
The belief that the world tends to improve and that humans can aid its betterment.
Example
Her philosophy of meliorism kept her hopeful during difficult times.
Sa philosophie du méliorisme l'a maintenue pleine d'espoir pendant les moments difficiles.
C2 noun /əˈblɪkwɪti/

obliquity

obliquité
Meaning
Deviation from moral or usual conduct; indirectness or lack of straightforwardness.
Example
The politician was criticized for the obliquity of his answers.
Le politicien a été critiqué pour l'obliquité de ses réponses.
C2 verb /dɪˈmɜːr/

demur

objecter
Meaning
to raise doubts, objections, or show reluctance
Example
She agreed to help without demur.
Elle accepta d'aider sans objection.
C2 verb /ɪnˈtɜːr/

inter

enterrer
Meaning
To bury a dead body in the ground.
Example
They decided to inter the soldier with full honors.
Ils ont décidé d'enterrer le soldat avec tous les honneurs.
C2 adjective /bəˈθɛt.ɪk/

bathetic

sentiment insignifiant
Meaning
displaying insincere or trivial emotion; producing an unintended ridiculous effect through sudden change from serious to silly
Example
The movie's ending was unintentionally bathetic rather than tragic.
La fin du film était bathétique au lieu d'être tragique.
C2 verb /ˈpɒntɪfɪkeɪt/

pontificate

parler ou agir de manière pompeuse ou dogmatique; officier en tant que pontife
Meaning
to speak or act in a pompous or dogmatic way; to officiate as a pontiff
Example
He pontificated on the importance of education for over an hour.
Il a pontifié pendant plus d'une heure sur l'importance de l'éducation.
C2 noun /ˈmælɪt fɪʃ/

Mallet fish

poisson à coquille
Meaning
A marine fish with a hard shell-like covering, found in coastal waters
Example
The mallet fish is known for its unique protective shell covering.
Le poisson à coquille est connu pour sa coque protectrice unique.
C2 noun /ˈdɒkɪt/

docket

registre
Meaning
a list or schedule of cases to be tried in a court or items to be done
Example
The judge reviewed the docket before starting the session.
Le juge a examiné le registre avant de commencer la séance.
C2 noun /ˌsuːdəˈnɪmɪti/

pseudonymity

utilisation de pseudonyme
Meaning
the practice or state of using a pseudonym
Example
The author maintained pseudonymity throughout her career.
L'auteure a maintenu l'utilisation de pseudonyme tout au long de sa carrière.
C2 noun /ɡaɪl/

guile

ruse
Meaning
Cleverness or cunning used to achieve a goal, often in a deceptive way
Example
He used guile to win the negotiation.
Il a utilisé la ruse pour gagner la négociation.
C2 noun /ˌɪntərˈsɛʃən/

intercession

intercession
Meaning
the act of intervening or pleading on behalf of another person
Example
The prisoner was released due to the intercession of influential leaders.
Le prisonnier a été libéré grâce à l'intercession de leaders influents.
C2 adjective /pʌŋkˈtɪliəs/

punctilious

pointilleux
Meaning
Showing great attention to detail or correct behavior.
Example
She was punctilious in her attention to etiquette.
Elle était pointilleuse dans son attention à l'étiquette.
C2 noun prəˈklɪv.ə.ti

proclivity

propension
Meaning
A tendency to choose or do something regularly; an inclination or predisposition toward a particular thing.
Example
She has a proclivity for learning new languages.
Elle a une propension pour apprendre de nouvelles langues.
C2 noun, verb /ˈtræməl/

trammel

entrave
Meaning
A restriction or impediment to freedom of action; to restrict.
Example
The strict rules trammel the creativity of the students.
Les règles strictes entravent la créativité des étudiants.
C2 noun /nəˈkrɒpəlɪs/

necropolis

nécropole
Meaning
a large ancient cemetery with elaborate tombs
Example
The archaeologists discovered artifacts in the necropolis of the ancient city.
Les archéologues ont découvert des artefacts dans la nécropole de l'ancienne ville.
C2 verb /ɪnˈθroʊn/

enthrone

introniser
Meaning
to install someone on a throne or to give someone high status
Example
The king was enthroned in a grand ceremony.
Le roi fut intronisé lors d'une grande cérémonie.
C2 adjective /ˈbɪliəs/

bilious

bilieux
Meaning
Relating to bile or an ill-tempered, irritable disposition.
Example
He became bilious after hearing the unfair criticism.
Il est devenu bilieux après avoir entendu la critique injuste.
C2 adjective /ˈpruːdɪʃ/

prudish

prude
Meaning
having or revealing a tendency to be easily shocked by matters relating to sex or nudity
Example
She was too prudish to watch the movie with her friends.
Elle était trop prude pour regarder le film avec ses amis.
C2 noun /ˈbɪvuˌæk/

bivouac

bivouac
Meaning
a temporary camp without tents or cover, usually used by soldiers or mountaineers
Example
The climbers set up a bivouac on the mountainside.
Les grimpeurs ont installé un bivouac sur le flanc de la montagne.
C2 noun /ˈɡleɪziər/

glazier

vitrier
Meaning
a person whose job is to fit glass into windows and doors
Example
The glazier repaired the broken window in our house.
Le vitrier a réparé la fenêtre cassée dans notre maison.
C2 noun /hɪˈdʒɛməni/ or /ˈhɛdʒəmoʊni/

hegemony

hégémonie
Meaning
leadership or dominance, especially by one state or group over others
Example
The empire maintained its hegemony over neighboring states.
L'empire a maintenu sa hégémonie sur les états voisins.
C2 adjective /ˈɛstɪməbl/

estimable

estimable
Meaning
Worthy of great respect.
Example
Her estimable achievements inspired the whole community.
Ses réalisations estimables ont inspiré toute la communauté.
C2 noun /əˈluːviən/

alluvion

alluvion
Meaning
The gradual increase of land by the deposit of soil from water; also, a flood or overflow of water.
Example
The river’s alluvion added new fertile land to the village fields.
L'alluvion de la rivière a ajouté de nouvelles terres fertiles aux champs du village.
C2 noun /ˈɪmɪˌteɪtər/

imitator

imitateur
Meaning
a person who copies the behavior, style, or actions of others
Example
He became famous as an imitator of popular singers.
Il est devenu célèbre en tant qu'imitateur de chanteurs populaires.
C2 noun /maɪˈnjuːʃə/

minutia

détails insignifiants
Meaning
a small or trivial detail of something
Example
He was bored by the minutia of office paperwork.
Il était ennuyé par les détails insignifiants des papiers de bureau.
C2 verb /ˈrʌmpəl/

rumple

froisser
Meaning
to make something untidy or wrinkled by creasing or crumpling
Example
She accidentally rumpled her dress while packing.
Elle a accidentellement froissé sa robe en emballant.
C2 adjective /ˈæmbjələˌtɔːri/

ambulatory

ambulatoire
Meaning
Relating to or able to walk; relating to outpatient medical care.
Example
The patient is ambulatory and does not require bed rest.
Le patient est ambulatoire et n'a pas besoin de repos au lit.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈskruːtəbl̩/

inscrutable

bonheur
Meaning
impossible to understand or interpret
Example
His inscrutable expression made it hard to know what he was thinking.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C2 noun /əˈkʌmpənɪst/

accompanist

accompagnateur
Meaning
A person who plays a musical instrument to support a singer or another musician.
Example
The pianist served as the accompanist for the singer during the concert.
Le pianiste a joué le rôle d'accompagnateur pour le chanteur pendant le concert.
C2 adjective /ˌluː.mɪˈnɛs.ənt/

luminescent

lumineux
Meaning
Emitting light without heat, glowing softly.
Example
The luminescent watch dial was visible in the dark.
Le cadran lumineux de la montre était visible dans l'obscurité.
C2 noun /ˈmɪs.kri.ənt/

Miscreant

mécréant; criminel
Meaning
A person who behaves badly or illegally; a villain or criminal
Example
The miscreant was caught stealing from the store.
Le mécréant a été attrapé en train de voler dans le magasin.
C2 noun /ˈfɪli/

filly

jeune jument
Meaning
a young female horse
Example
The filly ran swiftly across the meadow.
La pouliche a couru rapidement à travers la prairie.
C2 noun /briːtʃ/

breech

La partie arrière du canon d'une arme; une position d'un bébé dans l'utérus où les fesses ou les pieds sortent en premier à la naissance.
Meaning
The back part of a gun barrel; a position of a baby in the womb where the buttocks or feet come out first at birth.
Example
The rifle was loaded through the breech.
Le fusil a été chargé par la culasse.
C2 noun, verb /ˌpæm.fləˈtɪər/

pamphleteer

écrivain de pamphlets
Meaning
a person who writes or distributes pamphlets, often to promote a political or social cause
Example
In the 18th century, many pamphleteers influenced public opinion.
Au XVIIIe siècle, de nombreux écrivains de pamphlets ont influencé l'opinion publique.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɪəriəs/

imperious

impérieux
Meaning
Arrogantly domineering or overbearing.
Example
Her imperious tone made it hard for others to argue.
Son ton impérieux rendait difficile pour les autres de discuter.
C2 adjective /ˈmiːzli/

measly

insignifiant
Meaning
contemptibly small or insignificant
Example
He was paid a measly sum for the hard work.
Il a été payé une somme insignifiante pour le travail acharné.
C2 noun /ˈɒnwiː/ or /ˈɑːnwiː/

ennui

ennui
Meaning
A feeling of boredom, listlessness, or dissatisfaction arising from lack of excitement.
Example
After weeks of doing nothing, he sank into a deep sense of ennui.
Après des semaines à ne rien faire, il est tombé dans un profond ennui.
C2 adjective /ˈfʊl.dʒənt/

fulgent

éclatant
Meaning
Shining brightly; dazzling.
Example
The fulgent stars lit up the night sky.
Les étoiles éclatantes ont illuminé le ciel nocturne.
C2 noun /ˈkrɪsəndəm/

christendom

christendom
Meaning
the worldwide body or community of Christians
Example
The news spread quickly across Christendom.
La nouvelle s'est rapidement propagée à travers le christendom.
C2 noun /ˈhækəlz/

hackles

les poils à l'arrière du cou d'un animal qui se dressent lorsqu'il est en colère ou alarmé; figurativement, des sentiments de colère ou de ressentiment
Meaning
the hairs on the back of an animal’s neck that rise when it is angry or alarmed; figuratively, feelings of anger or resentment
Example
His rude comment raised my hackles.
Son commentaire grossier a levé mes hackles.