sovereign
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C1 adjective ˈsɒvrɪn

sovereign

souverain, suprême
Meaning
Possessing supreme or ultimate power; independent.
Example
The sovereign government has control over its currency.
Le gouvernement souverain a le contrôle de sa monnaie.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/

intimidate

intimider
Meaning
To frighten or overawe someone, especially to make them do what one wants.
Example
The bully tried to intimidate the smaller kids.
Le harceleur a essayé d'intimider les enfants plus jeunes.
C1 adjective /ʌlˈtɪəriər/

ulterior

motif caché
Meaning
hidden or secret, often with a selfish motive
Example
He invited her with an ulterior motive.
Il l'a invitée avec un motif caché.
C1 verb /kəˈpɪtjʊˌleɪt/

capitulate

capituler
Meaning
to surrender or give in after resisting
Example
The army had no choice but to capitulate to the enemy.
L'armée n'a eu d'autre choix que de capituler devant l'ennemi.
C1 noun/verb /ˈdiːkɔɪ/

decoy

appât
Meaning
something or someone used to lure or mislead
Example
The hunters used a wooden duck as a decoy.
Les chasseurs ont utilisé un canard en bois comme appât.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɪɡ.ju.əs/

contiguous

contigu
Meaning
sharing a common border; touching
Example
The two continguous houses shared a wall.
Les deux maisons contiguës ont partagé un mur.
C1 verb /fret/

fret

s'inquiéter
Meaning
to worry or be anxious; to be troubled
Example
Don't fret about the exam results.
Ne t'inquiète pas pour les résultats de l'examen.
C1 noun ˌlɪb.ərˈeɪ.ʃən

liberation

libération
Meaning
The action of setting someone free from imprisonment, slavery, or oppression; release.
Example
Liberation movements inspired many countries.
Les mouvements de libération ont inspiré de nombreux pays.
C1 adjective, noun, verb /ˈtrɛbəl/

treble

triple, son aigu
Meaning
triple; consisting of three parts; high-pitched sound in music
Example
The company's profits trebled in just two years.
Les bénéfices de l'entreprise ont triplé en seulement deux ans.
C1 adjective /klaɪˈmæktɪk/

climactic

climactique
Meaning
Relating to the most exciting or important moment of something.
Example
The film ended with a climactic battle scene.
Le film s'est terminé par une scène de bataille climactique.
C1 verb /dɪˈluːd/

delude

tromper
Meaning
To mislead someone into believing something that is not true.
Example
He deluded himself into thinking he could win the race without training.
Il s'est trompé lui-même en pensant qu'il pouvait gagner la course sans s'entraîner.
C1 noun /taɪˈreɪd/

tirade

diatribe
Meaning
a long, angry, or critical speech
Example
The manager launched into a tirade about poor performance.
Le responsable a lancé une diatribe sur la mauvaise performance.
C1 noun /rɪˈspɒndənt/

respondent

répondant
Meaning
A person who replies to something, especially in a survey or legal case
Example
The survey had over 1,000 respondents.
L'enquête a recueilli plus de 1000 répondants.
C1 adjective /pləˈtɒnɪk/

platonic

platonique
Meaning
relating to a close relationship that is not romantic or sexual
Example
They have a platonic friendship that has lasted for years.
Ils ont une amitié platonique qui dure depuis des années.
C1 adjective ˈflʌd proʊn

flood-prone

sujette aux inondations
Meaning
Susceptible to flooding; likely to experience floods frequently.
Example
Bangladesh is a flood-prone deltaic nation.
Le Bangladesh est une nation deltaïque sujette aux inondations.
C1 noun /ˈleɪˌpɜːrsən/

layperson

la personne ordinaire
Meaning
A person who is not a member of the clergy or does not have specialized knowledge in a subject.
Example
The judge explained the law so that the layperson could understand.
Le juge a expliqué la loi de manière à ce que la personne ordinaire puisse la comprendre.
C1 verb /ˈhaɪdʒæk/

hijack

détournement d'avion
Meaning
to take control of a vehicle or situation illegally or by force
Example
The criminals attempted to hijack the airplane.
Les criminels ont tenté de détourner l'avion.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌrʌnər/

forerunner

précurseur
Meaning
A person or thing that comes before another; a predecessor or harbinger.
Example
The Wright brothers were the forerunners of modern aviation.
Les frères Wright étaient les précurseurs de l'aviation moderne.
C1 noun /ˈstɪɡmə/

stigma

stigmatisme
Meaning
a mark of shame or disgrace associated with a particular circumstance or quality
Example
There is still a stigma around mental health issues in many societies.
Il existe encore un stigmate autour des problèmes de santé mentale dans de nombreuses sociétés.
C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈbæləns/

counterbalance

contrebalancer
Meaning
to offset or balance the effect of something
Example
Exercise can counterbalance the negative effects of stress.
L'exercice peut contrebalancer les effets négatifs du stress.
C1 noun /ˈænərki/

anarchy

anarchie
Meaning
a state of disorder due to the absence or failure of government or authority
Example
The collapse of the regime led to anarchy in the streets.
L'effondrement du régime a conduit à l'anarchie dans les rues.
C1 adjective /ˈtæti/

tatty

usé
Meaning
Worn out, shabby, or in poor condition.
Example
The sofa looked old and tatty after years of use.
Le canapé semblait vieux et usé après des années d'utilisation.
C1 noun /ɪˈmɜː.ʃən/

immersion

immersion
Meaning
Complete engagement in an environment or experience.
Example
Immersion in VR games makes users feel like they are inside the virtual world.
L'immersion dans les jeux en réalité virtuelle fait sentir aux utilisateurs qu'ils sont à l'intérieur du monde virtuel.
C1 adjective /məˈdʒen.tə/

Magenta

couleur magenta
Meaning
a bright purplish-red color
Example
She wore a beautiful magenta dress to the party.
Elle portait une magnifique robe magenta à la fête.
C1 adjective /əˈnɒmələs/

anomalous

anormal
Meaning
deviating from what is standard, normal, or expected
Example
Scientists observed an anomalous result during the experiment.
Les scientifiques ont observé un résultat anormal pendant l'expérience.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnsəˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtɪd/

unsophisticated

non sophistiqué
Meaning
Lacking worldly experience, refinement, or complexity.
Example
The villagers led an unsophisticated but happy life.
Les villageois menaient une vie non sophistiquée mais heureuse.
C1 adjective /dɪˈspɒndənt/

despondent

désespéré
Meaning
feeling or showing deep hopelessness or discouragement
Example
She felt despondent after losing her job.
Elle s'est sentie désespérée après avoir perdu son travail.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfleɪtɪd/

inflated

gonflé
Meaning
excessively increased in size, value, or importance; filled with air or gas
Example
The company faced criticism for its inflated prices.
L'entreprise a fait face à des critiques en raison de ses prix gonflés.
C1 noun /kəˈloʊkwiəˌlɪzəm/

colloquialism

colloquialisme
Meaning
a word or phrase used in informal speech or writing
Example
The novel is full of regional colloquialisms.
Le roman est plein de colloquialismes régionaux.
C1 adjective /ˈtɔːrtʃuəs/

tortuous

tortueux, complexe
Meaning
Full of twists and turns; excessively complex or complicated.
Example
The tortuous mountain road made driving very difficult.
La route tortueuse de montagne rendait la conduite très difficile.
C1 adjective /ˈtɜːrbjələnt/

turbulent

turbulent
Meaning
Characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion; not stable or calm.
Example
The country went through a turbulent period of political change.
Le pays a traversé une période turbulente de changement politique.
C1 noun /ˈvæntɪdʒ/

vantage

position avantageuse
Meaning
a position or situation that gives an advantage or a good view
Example
From this vantage, we could see the entire valley.
Depuis ce point de vue, nous pouvions voir toute la vallée.
C1 adjective /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

physiological

relatif aux fonctions et activités corporelles
Meaning
Relating to bodily functions and activities.
Example
Exercise improves physiological functions of the body.
L'exercice améliore les fonctions physiologiques du corps.
C1 adjective /ˈplɒd.ɪŋ/

plodding

lent et ennuyeux
Meaning
slow-moving and unexciting; showing steady effort
Example
The movie was entertaining but a bit plodding in the middle.
Le film était divertissant, mais un peu lent et ennuyeux au milieu.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/

constellation

constellation
Meaning
a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern in the night sky
Example
Orion is one of the most famous constellations.
Orion est l'une des constellations les plus célèbres.
C1 noun /ˌluː.brɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

lubrication

lubrification
Meaning
The action of applying a substance to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact.
Example
Lubrication of the eyes is essential for well-being.
La lubrification des yeux est essentielle pour le bien-être.
C1 noun /blaɪt/

blight

fléau
Meaning
A disease or condition that causes plants to wither; something that spoils or damages.
Example
The drought was a blight on the farmer’s crops.
La sécheresse a été un fléau pour les cultures du fermier.
C1 adjective /ədˈhiːsɪv/

Adhesive

collant
Meaning
আঠালো; চটচটে;
Example
The adhesive tape stuck firmly to the wall.
Le ruban adhésif s'est fixé fermement au mur.
C1 adverb /ˌwɛr.əˈpɒn/

whereupon

immédiatement après
Meaning
Immediately after which; as a result of which.
Example
He confessed his mistake, whereupon she forgave him.
Il a avoué son erreur, immédiatement après elle lui a pardonné.
C1 adjective rɪˈlɛntləs

relentless

implacable
Meaning
Oppressively constant; incessant; showing no abatement of severity, intensity, strength, or pace.
Example
The freedom fighters' relentless struggle led to victory.
La lutte implacable des combattants pour la liberté a conduit à la victoire.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkoʊˈhɪrəns/

incoherence

incohérence
Meaning
The quality of being unclear, confused, or lacking logical connection.
Example
His speech was full of incoherence and difficult to follow.
Son discours était plein d'incohérences et difficile à suivre.
C1 noun /ˈwɒndərlʌst/

wanderlust

passion pour voyager
Meaning
A strong desire to travel and explore the world.
Example
Her wanderlust took her to every corner of the globe.
Sa passion pour voyager l'a menée dans tous les coins du monde.
C1 noun /dɪˈsiːt/

Deceit

tromperie; fraude; mensonge
Meaning
the action or practice of deceiving someone by concealing or misrepresenting the truth
Example
His deceit was discovered when the truth about his qualifications came to light.
Sa tromperie a été découverte lorsque la vérité sur ses qualifications a été révélée.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnprɪˈtɛnʃəs/

unpretentious

modeste
Meaning
modest; not attempting to impress others with appearance or importance
Example
She lives in an unpretentious home but is very happy.
Elle vit dans une maison modeste mais est très heureuse.
C1 noun /ˈsed.ɪ.mənt/

Sediment

sédiment
Meaning
matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; particles deposited by water or wind
Example
The river carried sediment downstream during the flood.
La rivière a transporté du sédiment en aval pendant l'inondation.
C1 adjective /ˈɑːr.dənt/

Ardent

ardent; passionné; fervent
Meaning
very enthusiastic; passionate; fervent
Example
She is an ardent supporter of environmental conservation.
Elle est une fervente partisane de la conservation de l'environnement.
C1 noun /ˌɪnˈdɪsəplɪn/

indiscipline

indiscipline
Meaning
lack of discipline or self-control; failure to obey rules or maintain order
Example
Indiscipline among the students disrupted the learning environment.
L’indiscipline parmi les étudiants a perturbé l’environnement d’apprentissage.
C1 noun ˈɪm.pɪ.təs

impetus

impulsion
Meaning
The force or motivation that drives something forward; momentum.
Example
The new policy provided an impetus for economic growth.
La nouvelle politique a donné un élan à la croissance économique.
C1 adjective /kənˈspɪkjuəs/

conspicuous

conspicueux
Meaning
Easily noticeable; attracting attention due to being unusual or prominent.
Example
Her red dress made her conspicuous at the party.
Sa robe rouge la rendait conspicueuse à la fête.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛl/

impel

inciter
Meaning
to drive, force, or urge someone to do something
Example
Her curiosity impelled her to open the mysterious box.
Sa curiosité l'a poussée à ouvrir la boîte mystérieuse.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnfəməs/

infamous

infâme
Meaning
well known for some bad quality or deed
Example
The dictator was infamous for his cruelty.
Le dictateur était infâme pour sa cruauté.
C1 verb /dɪˈpoʊz/

depose

déposer
Meaning
to remove someone from office or power, especially suddenly and forcefully
Example
The rebels managed to depose the dictator after years of unrest.
Les rebelles ont réussi à déposer le dictateur après des années de troubles.
C1 adjective /ˈpɑːr.dən.ə.bəl/

Pardonable

pardonnable
Meaning
able to be forgiven; excusable
Example
His mistake was pardonable given the difficult circumstances.
Son erreur était pardonnable étant donné les circonstances difficiles.
C1 verb /ˈmedɪkeɪt/

medicate

médicamenter
Meaning
to treat with medicine; to give drugs to someone for medical purposes
Example
The doctor will medicate the patient to reduce inflammation.
Le docteur medicinera le patient pour réduire l'inflammation.
C1 verb /ˈpɒstʃʊleɪt/

postulate

postuler
Meaning
to suggest or assume that something is true as the basis for reasoning or discussion
Example
Scientists postulate that life exists on other planets.
Les scientifiques postulent que la vie existe sur d'autres planètes.
C1 adjective kənˈkɝː.ənt

concurrent

concurrent, simultané, qui se produit en même temps
Meaning
Existing, happening, or done at the same time.
Example
The conference had concurrent sessions on various topics.
La conférence avait des sessions concurrentes sur divers sujets.
C1 noun /ˈpriːˌkɜrsər/

precursor

précurseur
Meaning
Something or someone that comes before another and indicates the approach of something else.
Example
The steam engine was a precursor to modern trains.
La locomotive à vapeur était un précurseur des trains modernes.
C1 adjective /pɪˈkjuːniˌɛri/

pecuniary

pécuniaire
Meaning
relating to money or financial matters
Example
They faced pecuniary difficulties after the business failed.
Ils ont rencontré des difficultés pécuniaires après l'échec de l'entreprise.
C1 verb /dɪˈfaɪl/

defile

profaner
Meaning
to pollute, corrupt, or make dirty
Example
The river was defiled by industrial waste.
La rivière a été profanée par les déchets industriels.
C1 adjective /ˈtɪp.tɒp/

Tiptop

excellente; de première qualité
Meaning
of the highest quality; excellent; in perfect condition
Example
The car is in tiptop condition.
La voiture est en excellent état.
C1 noun /ɪkˈskriːʃən/

excretion

excrétion
Meaning
the process of eliminating waste matter from the body
Example
Excretion is vital for maintaining a healthy body.
L'excrétion est vitale pour maintenir un corps sain.
C1 noun /twɪndʒ/

twinge

douleur aiguë
Meaning
a sudden, sharp pain or an emotional pang
Example
He felt a twinge of guilt after lying to his friend.
Il a ressenti une douleur aiguë de culpabilité après avoir menti à son ami.
C1 noun/verb /dɪsˈkwaɪət/

disquiet

inquiétude
Meaning
A feeling of worry or unease; to make someone feel anxious or uneasy.
Example
The strange silence filled the room with disquiet.
Le silence étrange a rempli la pièce d'inquiétude.
C1 noun /ˈmaɪlɪdʒ/

mileage

rendement
Meaning
The distance traveled in miles, or the fuel efficiency of a vehicle.
Example
This car gives excellent mileage on highways.
Cette voiture offre un excellent rendement sur les autoroutes.
C1 noun /ˌɑːk.sɪˈmɔːr.ɒn/

oxymoron

oxymore
Meaning
a figure of speech where two contradictory terms are combined
Example
The phrase 'deafening silence' is a classic oxymoron.
L'expression 'silence assourdissant' est un oxymore classique.
C1 noun /rɪˈsɜː.dʒəns/

resurgence

résurgence
Meaning
An increase or revival after a period of little activity, popularity, or occurrence.
Example
The city saw a resurgence in tourism after the pandemic.
La ville a connu une résurgence du tourisme après la pandémie.
C1 adjective /ˈlæv.ɪʃ/

Lavish

somptueux; extravagant; généreux
Meaning
expensive; elaborate; extravagant; generous
Example
The wedding was a lavish celebration with hundreds of guests.
Le mariage était une célébration somptueuse avec des centaines d'invités.
C1 verb /ˈbʌŋɡəl/

bungle

embrouiller
Meaning
To carry out a task clumsily or incompetently.
Example
He bungled the presentation and confused the audience.
Il a embrouillé la présentation et a confondu l'audience.
C1 noun /juːnəˈnɪməti/

Unanimity

unanimité
Meaning
complete agreement among all members of a group
Example
The committee reached unanimity on the new policy.
Le comité a atteint l'unanimité sur la nouvelle politique.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊlstər/

pollster

sondeur
Meaning
a person or organization that conducts surveys to gauge public opinion
Example
The pollster predicted a close election outcome.
Le sondeur a prédit un résultat électoral serré.
C1 adjective + noun njuˈtrɪʃəs krɒps

nutritious crops

cultures nutritives
Meaning
Plants or vegetables that are rich in nutrients and beneficial for health
Example
Winter vegetables are considered nutritious crops.
Les légumes d'hiver sont considérés comme des cultures nutritives.
C1 noun ˈvæljuː beɪst ˌɛdjuːˈkeɪʃən

value-based education

éducation basée sur les valeurs
Meaning
Education that emphasizes moral principles and ethical values.
Example
Value-based education shapes moral character.
L'éducation basée sur les valeurs façonne le caractère moral.
C1 noun /ˈhɪpnətɪzəm/

hypnotism

hypnotisme
Meaning
The practice or act of inducing hypnosis.
Example
He studied hypnotism as part of his psychology degree.
Il a étudié l'hypnotisme dans le cadre de son diplôme en psychologie.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdem.nə.ti/

Indemnity

indemnité
Meaning
security or protection against a loss or other financial burden; compensation for damage or loss
Example
The insurance company provided full indemnity for the damages caused by the flood.
La compagnie d'assurance a fourni une indemnité complète pour les dommages causés par l'inondation.
C1 noun /ˌɪm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/

Imposition

imposition; charge; demande injuste
Meaning
the action or process of imposing something or of being imposed; an unfair burden or demand
Example
The imposition of new taxes without consultation angered the citizens greatly.
L'imposition de nouvelles taxes sans consultation a profondément enragé les citoyens.
C1 adjective /ˈfɪɡərətɪv/

figurative

figuré
Meaning
not literal; using figures of speech or symbolic representation
Example
She used figurative language to describe her feelings.
Elle a utilisé un langage figuré pour décrire ses sentiments.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɒlvənt/

insolvent

insolvable
Meaning
unable to pay debts owed
Example
The insolvent firm could not meet its financial obligations.
L'entreprise insolvable n'a pas pu remplir ses obligations financières.
C1 noun /ˈen.mə.ti/

Enmity

ennemi
Meaning
a state or feeling of active opposition or hostility
Example
The enmity between the two families lasted for generations.
L'hostilité entre les deux familles a duré des générations.
C1 adjective /kənˈtraɪvd/

contrived

artificiel ou forcé; pas naturel ni spontané
Meaning
artificial or forced; not natural or spontaneous
Example
The ending of the movie felt contrived and unrealistic.
La fin du film semblait artificielle et irréaliste.
C1 noun /kræɡ/

crag

une falaise escarpée ou un rocher abrupt
Meaning
a steep or rugged cliff or rock face
Example
The hikers climbed the jagged crag to reach the summit.
Les randonneurs ont grimpé la falaise escarpée pour atteindre le sommet.
C1 adjective /səˈtɪrɪkəl/

satirical

satirique
Meaning
containing or using satire to criticize or mock
Example
The satirical cartoon mocked the government's new policy.
Le dessin satirique se moquait de la nouvelle politique du gouvernement.
C1 noun ˌɒp.tɪ.maɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

optimization

optimisation
Meaning
Improving processes to increase performance and efficiency.
Example
SEO optimization helps websites rank higher on search engines.
L'optimisation SEO aide les sites web à se classer plus haut dans les moteurs de recherche.
C1 verb /diːm/

deem

considérer, juger
Meaning
to regard or consider in a specified way
Example
The project was deemed a success by the board.
Le projet a été jugé un succès par le conseil.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnsjələr/

insular

étroit d'esprit, relatif à une île
Meaning
Narrow-minded, isolated, or relating to an island.
Example
The community was criticized for its insular attitudes toward outsiders.
La communauté a été critiquée pour ses attitudes insulaires envers les étrangers.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrsəm/

foursome

quatuor
Meaning
a group of four people or things, especially in games or social activities
Example
The foursome enjoyed a game of golf together.
Le quatuor a apprécié une partie de golf ensemble.
C1 noun /ˈmɛdli/

medley

mélange
Meaning
A mixture of different things, especially musical tunes combined together.
Example
The band played a medley of popular songs.
Le groupe a joué un mélange de chansons populaires.
C1 noun ˈtær.ɪf

tariff

tarif ou impôt sur les importations et exportations
Meaning
A tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports.
Example
The government imposed high tariffs on luxury goods.
Le gouvernement a imposé des tarifs élevés sur les produits de luxe.
C1 noun /dɪˈlɪriəm/

delirium

délire
Meaning
An acutely disturbed state of mind characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence.
Example
The patient experienced delirium after the surgery due to the strong medication.
Le patient a éprouvé un délire après la chirurgie en raison des médicaments forts.
C1 verb /ˈfɔːrfɪt/

forfeit

perdre, renoncer comme pénalité
Meaning
to lose or give up something, usually as a penalty for wrongdoing
Example
He had to forfeit the match after breaking the rules.
Il a dû abandonner le match après avoir enfreint les règles.
C1 noun /pæŋ/

pang

une douleur aiguë ou un malaise émotionnel soudain
Meaning
a sudden sharp feeling of pain or emotional distress
Example
She felt a pang of guilt after the argument.
Elle a ressenti un pang de culpabilité après la dispute.
C1 verb /ˈflaʊndər/

flounder

tituber
Meaning
To struggle or stagger clumsily; to experience difficulty or confusion.
Example
He floundered in the interview when asked difficult questions.
Il a échoué dans l'entretien lorsqu'on lui a posé des questions difficiles.
C1 noun /kənˈsep.ʃən/

Conception

conception; idée; fertilisation
Meaning
the forming of an idea or plan; the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm; the action of conceiving
Example
The conception of this innovative project took several months of brainstorming.
La conception de ce projet innovant a pris plusieurs mois de brainstorming.
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɪə.ləs/

Cheerless

triste; morne; sans joie
Meaning
lacking happiness or comfort; gloomy; depressing; without cheer
Example
The old house looked cheerless and abandoned in the winter rain.
La vieille maison paraissait triste et abandonnée sous la pluie hivernale.
C1 adjective /prəˈvɒkətɪv/

provocative

provocant
Meaning
Intended to make people angry, excited, or interested.
Example
She wore a provocative dress to the party.
Elle portait une robe provocante à la fête.
C1 adjective /əbˈzɜːrvənt/

Observant

observateur
Meaning
quick to notice things; watchful; attentive
Example
The observant detective noticed every small detail at the crime scene.
Le détective observateur a remarqué chaque petit détail sur la scène du crime.
C1 adjective /kəˈnɒnɪkəl/

canonical

canonique / accepté
Meaning
Conforming to a general rule or accepted standard; officially recognized.
Example
Shakespeare’s works are considered canonical in English literature.
Les œuvres de Shakespeare sont considérées comme canoniques dans la littérature anglaise.
C1 verb /ˈɪmplɪˌkeɪt/

implicate

impliquer
Meaning
To show someone’s involvement in a crime or wrongdoing.
Example
The evidence implicated several officials in the scandal.
Les preuves ont impliqué plusieurs responsables dans le scandale.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæriət/

Chariot

char de guerre
Meaning
an ancient horse-drawn vehicle used in warfare and racing
Example
The warrior rode his chariot into battle with great courage.
Le guerrier monta son char de guerre avec un grand courage.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɛptɪv/

receptive

réceptif
Meaning
Willing to listen to or accept new ideas, suggestions, or experiences.
Example
She was receptive to feedback from her colleagues.
Elle était réceptive aux commentaires de ses collègues.
C1 noun /mɪsˈɡɪv.ɪŋ/

Misgiving

doute; appréhension; incertitude
Meaning
A feeling of doubt or apprehension about the outcome or consequences of something
Example
She had serious misgivings about accepting the job offer.
Elle avait de sérieuses réserves concernant l'acceptation de l'offre d'emploi.
C1 noun /ˈmʌltɪtuːd/

multitude

multitude
Meaning
A large number of people or things.
Example
A multitude of fans gathered at the stadium.
Une multitude de fans se sont rassemblés dans le stade.
C1 noun /roʊt/

rote

par cœur
Meaning
mechanical or habitual repetition, often without understanding
Example
He learned the poem by rote without understanding its meaning.
Il a appris le poème par cœur sans en comprendre le sens.
C1 noun /ˈrɛz.ə.nəns/

resonance

résonance
Meaning
A deep, reverberating sound or a quality of evoking response.
Example
His speech had a deep resonance with the audience.
Son discours avait une profonde résonance avec le public.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌktɪv/

inductive

inductif
Meaning
characterized by the inference of general laws from particular instances; reasoning from specific cases to general principles
Example
The scientist used inductive reasoning to form a hypothesis.
Le scientifique a utilisé le raisonnement inductif pour formuler une hypothèse.
C1 noun /ˈɛf.ɪ.kə.si/

efficacy

efficacité
Meaning
The ability to produce a desired or intended result; effectiveness.
Example
The efficacy of the vaccine has been proven in trials.
L'efficacité du vaccin a été prouvée lors des essais.
C1 verb /ˈmʌmbəl/

mumble

marmonner
Meaning
To speak quietly and not clearly so that words are difficult to understand.
Example
He mumbled an apology before leaving.
Il marmonna des excuses avant de partir.
C1 verb /ˈdʒʌɡəl/

juggle

jongler
Meaning
To continuously toss and catch objects in the air; to manage many tasks at the same time.
Example
He tried to juggle work, studies, and family responsibilities.
Il a essayé de jongler entre le travail, les études et les responsabilités familiales.
C1 noun /ləˈɡuːn/

lagoon

lagon
Meaning
A shallow body of water separated from the sea by sandbars or reefs.
Example
We swam in the calm waters of the lagoon.
Nous avons nagé dans les eaux calmes du lagon.
C1 noun /ˈmɛm.wɑːr/

memoir

mémoires
Meaning
A historical account or autobiography written from personal experience.
Example
The author’s memoir details her journey through hardship and success.
Les mémoires de l'auteur détaillent son voyage à travers les difficultés et les réussites.
C1 noun ˈiː.pɒk

epoch

époque
Meaning
A period of time in history or a person's life, typically one marked by notable events or particular characteristics.
Example
The invention of the internet marked a new epoch in human history.
L'invention d'internet a marqué une nouvelle époque dans l'histoire humaine.
C1 noun /sɪˈkluːʒən/

seclusion

isolement
Meaning
The state of being private, away from other people.
Example
She spent the weekend in complete seclusion in her cabin.
Elle a passé le week-end en complète isolement dans sa cabine.
C1 noun /ˈlæt.ɪ.tuːd/

Latitude

latitude
Meaning
the angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator; freedom to act or think
Example
The GPS device showed our exact latitude and longitude coordinates on the map.
L'appareil GPS a montré nos coordonnées exactes de latitude et de longitude sur la carte.
C1 noun /ˈdɪsɪdənt/

dissident

dissident
Meaning
A person who opposes official policy, especially that of an authoritarian state.
Example
The dissident was arrested for speaking against the government.
Le dissident a été arrêté pour avoir parlé contre le gouvernement.
C1 verb /ˌriːɪnˈsteɪt/

reinstate

réintégrer
Meaning
To restore someone or something to their former position or condition.
Example
The company decided to reinstate the suspended employee.
L'entreprise a décidé de réintégrer l'employé suspendu.
C1 noun pɔɪz

poise

confiance et maîtrise de soi
Meaning
Natural confidence and composure maintained under pressure.
Example
A good speaker maintains poise under pressure.
Un bon orateur maintient sa maîtrise de soi sous pression.
C1 adjective /ˈpjuː.nɪ.tɪv/

punitive

punitif
Meaning
Inflicting or intended as punishment.
Example
The company faced punitive measures for violating the law.
L'entreprise a dû faire face à des mesures punitives pour avoir violé la loi.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɜːrt/

inert

inactif
Meaning
lacking the ability or strength to move or act; chemically inactive
Example
The patient remained inert on the bed.
Le patient est resté inactif sur le lit.
C1 verb /fɔːrˈseɪk/

forsake

abandonner
Meaning
to abandon or give up something or someone
Example
He decided not to forsake his old friends despite his success.
Il a décidé de ne pas abandonner ses vieux amis malgré son succès.
C1 noun /ˈbed sted/

Bed stead

cadre de lit
Meaning
the framework of a bed; a bed frame without bedding
Example
The wooden bed stead was very sturdy.
Le cadre en bois du lit était très solide.
C1 verb /kənˈtɛkstʃuəlaɪz/

contextualize

contextualiser
Meaning
to place something in a context or interpret it in relation to its surroundings
Example
The teacher contextualized the historical event to make it more relevant for students.
Le professeur a contextualisé l'événement historique pour le rendre plus pertinent pour les étudiants.
C1 adjective /ˈɛntərˌpraɪzɪŋ/

enterprising

entreprenant
Meaning
showing initiative and resourcefulness; willing to take risks to achieve success
Example
She is an enterprising young entrepreneur.
Elle est une jeune entrepreneuse entreprenante.