soprano
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C1 noun /səˈprɑːnoʊ/

soprano

la voix féminine ou enfantine la plus haute
Meaning
the highest female or boy’s singing voice
Example
She sang beautifully in the soprano range during the concert.
Elle a chanté magnifiquement dans la gamme soprano pendant le concert.
C1 noun ˌdɪs.ɪnˈfek.ʃən

disinfection

désinfection
Meaning
The process of destroying harmful microorganisms to prevent infection.
Example
Kitchen appliances require frequent disinfection.
Les appareils de cuisine nécessitent une désinfection fréquente.
C1 adjective /oʊˈvɜːrt/

overt

ouvert
Meaning
Done or shown openly; not hidden or secret.
Example
There was an overt display of hostility between the rivals.
Il y avait une démonstration ouverte d'hostilité entre les rivaux.
C1 noun /ˌɡræt.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

gratification

satisfaction
Meaning
Pleasure, especially when gained from the satisfaction of a desire.
Example
The instant gratification of social media affects patience.
La gratification instantanée des médias sociaux affecte la patience.
C1 noun /ˈprɒvɪdəns/

providence

providence divine
Meaning
the protective care of God or nature as a spiritual power; foresight or prudence
Example
They believed their survival was due to divine providence.
Ils croyaient que leur survie était due à la providence divine.
C1 noun rɪˈdʒɛn.ər.ə.tɪv ˈfɑːr.mɪŋ

regenerative farming

agriculture régénérative
Meaning
Agricultural practices that improve soil health and biodiversity.
Example
Regenerative farming improves soil fertility and biodiversity.
L'agriculture régénérative améliore la fertilité du sol et la biodiversité.
C1 noun /ˈplɛθərə/

plethora

une quantité excessive
Meaning
an excessive amount of something
Example
She has a plethora of books on her shelf.
Elle a une quantité excessive de livres sur son étagère.
C1 noun /ˈrɛtɪsəns/

reticence

réticence
Meaning
the quality of being reserved or unwilling to speak freely
Example
His reticence made it difficult to know what he was thinking.
Sa réticence rendait difficile de savoir ce qu'il pensait.
C1 verb /səbˈdjuː/

subdue

soumettre
Meaning
To bring under control, especially by force; to overcome or quiet.
Example
The army was able to subdue the rebellion quickly.
L'armée a pu soumettre la rébellion rapidement.
C1 noun /məˈnɒɡəmi/

monogamy

monogamie
Meaning
The practice of being married to or in a relationship with only one person at a time.
Example
Many cultures encourage monogamy as the ideal form of marriage.
De nombreuses cultures encouragent la monogamie comme la forme idéale de mariage.
C1 verb /ˈprɒpəɡeɪt/

propagate

propager
Meaning
To spread or transmit an idea, belief, or information widely; also to reproduce in plants or animals.
Example
Scientists work to propagate the species in captivity.
Les scientifiques travaillent à propager les espèces en captivité.
C1 adjective /ˌpɜːrpənˈdɪkjələr/

perpendicular

perpendiculaire
Meaning
At an angle of 90 degrees to a given line, plane, or surface.
Example
The ladder was placed perpendicular to the ground for safety.
L'échelle a été placée perpendiculaire au sol pour des raisons de sécurité.
C1 noun /ˈtoʊɡə/

toga

toge
Meaning
A loose outer garment worn in ancient Rome, typically draped over the shoulders and body.
Example
The senator wore a white toga during the ceremony.
Le sénateur portait une toge blanche pendant la cérémonie.
C1 verb /dɪˈmɔrəˌlaɪz/

demoralize

démoraliser
Meaning
to cause someone to lose confidence or hope
Example
The constant criticism demoralized the young athlete.
La critique constante a démoralisé le jeune athlète.
C1 adjective /ˈpiːvɪʃ/

peevish

irritable
Meaning
Easily irritated, especially by unimportant things.
Example
The child grew peevish when denied candy.
L'enfant est devenu irritable lorsqu'on lui a refusé des bonbons.
C1 noun /ˌnɑm.əˈni/

Nominee

nominé
Meaning
a person who is nominated for an office, award, or honor
Example
She was the nominee for the Best Actress award.
Elle a été la nominée pour le prix de la meilleure actrice.
C1 noun /ɪɡˈzuːbərəns/

exuberance

exubérance
Meaning
the quality of being full of energy, excitement, and cheerfulness
Example
Her exuberance made the whole team feel motivated.
Son exubérance a motivé toute l'équipe.
C1 noun /tɑːrˈpɔːlɪn/

tarpaulin

bâche
Meaning
A large sheet of strong, flexible, water-resistant material used for covering or protecting things.
Example
The workers used a tarpaulin to cover the construction materials from rain.
Les ouvriers ont utilisé une bâche pour protéger les matériaux de construction de la pluie.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˌpætəˈbɪlɪti/

incompatibility

incompatibilité
Meaning
the state of being unable to exist or work together harmoniously; lack of compatibility
Example
The project failed because of incompatibility between the two software systems.
Le projet a échoué à cause de l’incompatibilité entre les deux systèmes logiciels.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈskjuːzəbl/

excusable

excusable
Meaning
Able to be forgiven or justified.
Example
Her mistake was excusable given the circumstances.
Son erreur était excusable étant donné les circonstances.
C1 adjective /əˈfɜːrmətɪv/

affirmative

affirmatif
Meaning
expressing agreement, approval, or a positive response
Example
She gave an affirmative answer to the proposal.
Elle a donné une réponse affirmative à la proposition.
C1 noun /ˈdɪm.pəl/

Dimple

fossette
Meaning
a small depression in the flesh, either one that exists permanently or one that forms when smiling
Example
Her charming dimples appeared whenever she smiled at the children.
Ses adorables fossettes apparaissaient chaque fois qu'elle souriait aux enfants.
C1 adjective /ˈflɪmzi/

flimsy

fragile
Meaning
weak, fragile, or lacking in strength; not convincing
Example
The chair was too flimsy to support his weight.
La chaise était trop fragile pour supporter son poids.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪnləs/

Sinless

sans péché; innocent; pur
Meaning
free from sin; pure and innocent; without moral fault
Example
The innocent child appeared sinless in her pure white dress.
L'enfant innocent est apparu sans péché dans sa robe blanche pure.
C1 adjective /ˈdɪn.dʒi/

Dingy

sale et sombre; de couleur terne
Meaning
dark and dirty; gloomy; dull in color
Example
The old building had dingy walls that needed painting.
Le vieux bâtiment avait des murs sales qui avaient besoin d'être peints.
C1 noun ˌkɒn.əˈteɪ.ʃən

connotation

signification implicite ou suggérée
Meaning
The implied or suggested meaning of a word beyond its literal definition
Example
The word 'home' has a warm connotation of comfort and family.
Le mot 'maison' a une connotation chaleureuse de confort et de famille
C1 noun /ˈwɒndərlʌst/

wanderlust

passion pour voyager
Meaning
A strong desire to travel and explore the world.
Example
Her wanderlust took her to every corner of the globe.
Sa passion pour voyager l'a menée dans tous les coins du monde.
C1 adjective /ˈtʌf.tɪd/

Tufted

avec des touffes; orné de touffes
Meaning
having a tuft or tufts; furnished with a tuft or clump of threads, hairs, or other material
Example
The tufted sofa looked elegant in the living room.
Le canapé avec des touffes avait l'air élégant dans le salon.
C1 noun /tækˈtɪʃ.ən/

tactician

stratège
Meaning
a person who is skilled at planning and achieving goals, especially in military or business
Example
Napoleon was a brilliant tactician.
Napoléon était un brillant tacticien.
C1 noun /ˈʌlsər/

ulcer

ulcère
Meaning
a sore on the skin or a mucous membrane that does not heal easily
Example
The doctor prescribed medicine to treat the stomach ulcer.
Le médecin a prescrit des médicaments pour traiter l'ulcère de l'estomac.
C1 verb /rɪˈnaʊns/

renounce

renoncer
Meaning
to formally declare rejection of something, such as a claim, belief, or way of life
Example
She renounced her citizenship to move abroad permanently.
Elle a renoncé à sa citoyenneté pour s'installer définitivement à l'étranger.
C1 verb /ˈswɛltər/

swelter

souffrir de chaleur intense
Meaning
to suffer from intense heat
Example
We began to swelter in the midday sun.
Nous avons commencé à transpirer sous le soleil de midi.
C1 adjective ɛnˈdɛm.ɪk

endemic

endémique
Meaning
Native and restricted to a certain place.
Example
The Bengal tiger is endemic to the Indian subcontinent.
Le tigre du Bengale est endémique du sous-continent indien.
C1 adjective /ˌæl.truˈɪs.tɪk/

altruistic

altruiste
Meaning
Showing a disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others.
Example
Her altruistic nature led her to volunteer for charities.
Sa nature altruiste l'a poussée à faire du bénévolat pour des œuvres de charité.
C1 noun /ɪˈlɛk.trəʊ.laɪts/

electrolytes

électrolytes
Meaning
Minerals in body fluids that carry an electric charge and are essential for many bodily functions.
Example
Electrolytes help maintain proper fluid balance in the body.
Les électrolytes aident à maintenir l'équilibre des fluides dans le corps.
C1 verb/adjective /ˈɡræspɪŋ/

grasping

saisir / avare
Meaning
Holding firmly; or (as an adjective) excessively greedy.
Example
The child was grasping her mother’s hand tightly.
L'enfant saisissait fermement la main de sa mère.
C1 noun /ˈmiːdieɪtər/

Mediator

médiateur
Meaning
A person who attempts to make people involved in a conflict agree
Example
The United Nations often acts as a mediator in international disputes.
Les Nations Unies agissent souvent comme médiateur dans les conflits internationaux.
C1 noun /məˈmɛn.toʊ/

memento

souvenir
Meaning
An object kept as a reminder of a person, place, or event.
Example
She kept the ticket as a memento of their first concert together.
Elle a gardé le billet comme un souvenir de leur premier concert ensemble.
C1 noun ɔːrˈdiːl

ordeal

épreuve difficile
Meaning
A physical or mental painful experience that must be endured
Example
Surviving the wilderness was a tough ordeal for them.
Survivre dans la nature a été une épreuve difficile pour eux.
C1 noun /ˈnep.ə.tɪz.əm/

Nepotism

Népotisme
Meaning
the practice of favoring relatives or friends in business or politics
Example
The company was accused of nepotism in its hiring practices.
L'entreprise a été accusée de népotisme dans ses pratiques d'embauche.
C1 adjective /əˈmiːnəbl/

amenable

disponible
Meaning
willing to cooperate or be influenced; open to suggestions
Example
She was amenable to the idea of working longer hours.
Elle était disposée à l'idée de travailler plus longtemps.
C1 adjective /aɪˈdɪlɪk/

idyllic

idyllique et magnifique
Meaning
Like an idyll; extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque.
Example
They enjoyed an idyllic vacation by the sea.
Ils ont apprécié des vacances idylliques au bord de la mer.
C1 verb /ˈteɪpər/

taper

rétrécir
Meaning
To gradually decrease in width, thickness, or intensity.
Example
The road tapers off as it reaches the mountains.
La route se rétrécit à mesure qu'elle atteint les montagnes.
C1 noun /ˈsɪn.ɪˌsɪz.əm/

cynicism

cynisme
Meaning
An inclination to believe that people are motivated purely by self-interest; skepticism.
Example
His cynicism made it hard for him to trust anyone.
Son cynisme lui rendait difficile de faire confiance à quiconque.
C1 adjective /ˈɡɔːri/

gory

sanglant
Meaning
involving or showing a lot of bloodshed and violence
Example
The movie was too gory for children.
Le film était trop sanglant pour les enfants.
C1 noun /ˈdɑː.mə.saɪl/

domicile

domicile
Meaning
A person's legal residence or permanent home.
Example
He declared Canada as his legal domicile.
Il a déclaré le Canada comme son domicile légal.
C1 adjective /ˈswɛltərɪŋ/

sweltering

accablant
Meaning
uncomfortably hot
Example
The sweltering heat made it hard to work.
La chaleur accablante rendait le travail difficile.
C1 noun /mɪˈrɑːʒ/

Mirage

mirage
Meaning
An optical illusion caused by atmospheric conditions, especially in deserts
Example
The travelers saw a mirage of water in the desert.
Les voyageurs ont vu un mirage d'eau dans le désert.
C1 noun ɪnˈflɛk.ʃən

inflection

inflexion
Meaning
The change in pitch or tone of voice when speaking for emphasis.
Example
His inflection kept the audience engaged.
Son inflexion a captivé le public.
C1 verb /nɪˈɡeɪt/

negate

annuler, nier
Meaning
To cancel out or make ineffective; to deny the truth of something.
Example
The new evidence will negate the claims made earlier.
Les nouvelles preuves annuleront les affirmations faites précédemment.
C1 noun /ˌdɜːrməˈtɑːlədʒi/

dermatology

dermatologie
Meaning
The branch of medicine concerned with the skin and its diseases.
Example
He studied dermatology at medical school.
Il a étudié la dermatologie à l'école de médecine.
C1 noun /dɪˈkɔː.rəm/

Decorum

décorum; bienséance; dignité
Meaning
behavior in keeping with good taste and propriety; dignified and appropriate conduct
Example
The diplomat maintained perfect decorum throughout the heated negotiations.
Le diplomate a maintenu un décorum parfait tout au long des négociations animées.
C1 adjective ˈfæʃ.ɪst

fascist

fasciste
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of fascism; extremely authoritarian.
Example
Fascist governance undermines freedom.
Le gouvernement fasciste sape la liberté.
C1 noun /ˈɡrɪd.əl/

Griddle

plaque
Meaning
a flat heating surface for cooking food, typically made of metal
Example
She cooked pancakes on the hot griddle.
Elle a cuit des crêpes sur la plaque chaude.
C1 adjective /kəˈθɑːr.tɪk/

cathartic

cathartique
Meaning
Providing psychological relief through the open expression of strong emotions.
Example
Writing about emotions can be a cathartic experience.
Écrire sur les émotions peut être une expérience cathartique.
C1 verb /kənˈfaʊnd/

confound

déconcerter
Meaning
to confuse or surprise someone, often by acting against their expectations
Example
The magician's trick seemed to confound the entire audience.
Le tour du magicien semblait déconcerter tout le public.
C1 noun /ˈpɑːr.keɪ/

parquet

plancher en bois
Meaning
A floor made of wooden blocks arranged in a geometric pattern.
Example
The old mansion had a beautiful parquet floor.
Le vieux manoir avait un magnifique plancher en bois.
C1 noun /ˈdʒet.i/

Jetty

jetée
Meaning
a landing stage or small pier at which boats can dock or be moored
Example
The fishing boats were tied up at the wooden jetty near the harbor.
Les bateaux de pêche étaient amarrés à la jetée en bois près du port.
C1 adjective /ˈen.vi.əs/

Envious

envieux/envieuse; jaloux/jalouse
Meaning
feeling or showing envy; jealous
Example
She felt envious of her friend's new car.
Elle se sentait envieuse de la nouvelle voiture de son amie.
C1 adjective ɪˌlektrəʊmæɡˈnetɪk

electromagnetic

électromagnétique
Meaning
Relating to both electricity and magnetism or their interaction.
Example
Electromagnetic forces repel protons.
Les forces électromagnétiques repoussent les protons.
C1 noun /brɛdθ/

breadth

largeur
Meaning
The distance or measurement from side to side; width; a wide range.
Example
The breadth of his knowledge impressed everyone.
La largeur de ses connaissances a impressionné tout le monde.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌmp.tʃu.əs/

sumptuous

somptueux
Meaning
Splendid and expensive-looking; luxurious.
Example
The guests were treated to a sumptuous banquet.
Les invités ont été traités avec un banquet somptueux.
C1 noun /ˌprəʊˈæk.tɪv ˈliː.də.ʃɪp/

proactive leadership

leadership proactif
Meaning
Leadership that takes initiative and anticipates problems before they occur, rather than reacting to events.
Example
Proactive leadership ensures timely decisions.
Le leadership proactif garantit des décisions opportunes.
C1 noun /ˈɡlædiˌeɪtər/

gladiator

gladiateur
Meaning
A man trained to fight in public contests in ancient Rome.
Example
The gladiator fought bravely in the arena.
Le gladiateur a combattu courageusement dans l'arène.
C1 noun /ˌtɛrəˈdæktɪl/

pterodactyl

reptile volant éteint
Meaning
An extinct flying reptile of the Jurassic period, with a long slender head and wings formed by a membrane stretching along the body.
Example
The museum displayed a fossil of a giant pterodactyl.
Le musée a exposé un fossile de ptérodactyle géant.
C1 adjective /məˈkɑː.brə/

Macabre

macabre
Meaning
disturbing because concerned with death; gruesome and horrifying
Example
The horror movie had a macabre atmosphere.
Le film d'horreur avait une atmosphère macabre.
C1 noun /kənˈtɛnʃən/

contention

contestation, désaccord
Meaning
heated disagreement or argument; a point asserted in debate
Example
The main contention between the two parties was over tax reform.
La principale contestation entre les deux parties concernait la réforme fiscale.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈtoʊld/

Untold

innombrable; infini
Meaning
very great in amount or degree; countless; immeasurable
Example
The earthquake caused untold damage to the city.
Le tremblement de terre a causé des dommages innombrables à la ville.
C1 noun /moʊld/

Mould

moule / moisissure
Meaning
a hollow container used to give shape to molten material; fungus
Example
She poured chocolate into the mould to make candies.
Elle a versé du chocolat dans le moule pour fabriquer des bonbons.
C1 noun /ˌɔːkʃəˈnɪər/

auctioneer

commissaire-priseur
Meaning
a person who conducts auctions by calling out bids and selling items to the highest bidder
Example
The auctioneer quickly raised the price as bidders competed for the painting.
Le commissaire-priseur a rapidement augmenté le prix.
C1 verb /kəˈpɪtjʊˌleɪt/

capitulate

capituler
Meaning
to surrender or give in after resisting
Example
The army had no choice but to capitulate to the enemy.
L'armée n'a eu d'autre choix que de capituler devant l'ennemi.
C1 noun /ˈzɛnəˌfoʊb/

xenophobe

xénophobe
Meaning
a person who dislikes or fears people from other countries or cultures
Example
The politician was criticized as a xenophobe due to his anti-immigrant policies.
Le politicien a été critiqué comme un xénophobe en raison de ses politiques anti-immigrants.
C1 noun /ˈɪd.i.əm/

idiom

idiome
Meaning
A group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words.
Example
The idiom 'break the ice' means to start a conversation in a friendly way.
L'idiome 'briser la glace' signifie commencer une conversation de manière amicale.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪˈsɛkʃuəl/

asexual

asexuel
Meaning
Without sexual feelings, associations, or reproduction through sex.
Example
Many plants reproduce through asexual methods like budding or splitting.
De nombreuses plantes se reproduisent par des méthodes asexuées comme le bourgeonnement ou la division.
C1 verb /ˈsɪvɪlaɪz/

civilize

civiliser
Meaning
to bring a society or group to a more developed, organized, or socially acceptable state; to educate and refine behavior
Example
Education can help civilize communities by promoting shared values and respect.
L’éducation peut aider à civiliser les communautés en favorisant des valeurs partagées et le respect.
C1 noun /bəˈbuːn/

Baboon

babouin
Meaning
a large African and Arabian primate with a dog-like snout and colorful buttocks
Example
The baboon troop gathered around the watering hole in the savanna.
Le groupe de babouins s'est réuni autour du trou d'eau dans la savane.
C1 noun /taɪˈreɪd/

tirade

diatribe
Meaning
a long, angry, or critical speech
Example
The manager launched into a tirade about poor performance.
Le responsable a lancé une diatribe sur la mauvaise performance.
C1 adjective /ˈmɜː.sɪ.ləs/

Merciless

impitoyable; cruel;
Meaning
showing no mercy or pity; cruel and heartless
Example
The merciless dictator showed no compassion.
Le dictateur impitoyable n'a montré aucune compassion.
C1 verb /slaʊtʃ/

slouch

se vautrer
Meaning
To stand, sit, or move in a lazy or awkward way.
Example
He slouched in the chair, looking tired.
Il se vautra dans la chaise, ayant l'air fatigué.
C1 adjective /ˈspjʊəriəs/

spurious

faux / frauduleux
Meaning
Not genuine, authentic, or true; false or fake.
Example
The report was based on spurious claims.
Le rapport était basé sur des affirmations fausses.
C1 noun/verb ˈfɒr.ɪdʒ

forage

fourrage, chercher de la nourriture
Meaning
Food for horses and cattle, especially dried hay or feed; to search for food.
Example
Animals forage for food during the winter months.
Les animaux cherchent leur nourriture pendant les mois d'hiver.
C1 adjective ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəli sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt

agriculturally significant

important lié à l'agriculture
Meaning
Important or crucial related to farming and agriculture
Example
Winter is agriculturally significant for crop production.
L'hiver est important pour la production des récoltes.
C1 verb /ɡʌʃ/

gush

jaillir
Meaning
to flow out suddenly and forcefully, or to express something enthusiastically
Example
Tears began to gush from her eyes.
Les larmes ont commencé à jaillir de ses yeux.
C1 verb /dʌb/

dub

doubler
Meaning
to give a name or label to something; to add a soundtrack to a film or recording
Example
The movie was dubbed into several languages for international release.
Le film a été doublé en plusieurs langues pour sa sortie internationale.
C1 noun /vɪnˈjɛt/

vignette

vignette
Meaning
A short, descriptive piece of writing or a brief scene.
Example
The author included a poignant vignette in the introduction of the book.
L'auteur a inclus une vignette poignante dans l'introduction du livre.
C1 noun /ˈpɪt.fɔːl/

pitfall

piège, difficulté
Meaning
a hidden or unexpected danger or difficulty
Example
Investors must be aware of the pitfalls of the market.
Les investisseurs doivent être conscients des pièges du marché.
C1 noun /ˈdɪsənˌtɛri/

dysentery

maladie intestinale (diarrhée avec sang et mucus)
Meaning
An infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea with blood and mucus.
Example
Many soldiers suffered from dysentery during the war.
Beaucoup de soldats ont souffert de dysenterie pendant la guerre.
C1 adjective /ˈprɪnsəpəld/

principled

intègre
Meaning
acting in accordance with moral or ethical standards
Example
He is a principled leader who always puts honesty first.
C'est un leader intègre qui met toujours l'honnêteté en premier.
C1 noun /ˈprɛsɪdəns/ or /prɪˈsiːdəns/

precedence

prédominance
Meaning
the condition of being considered more important than someone or something else; priority
Example
Safety takes precedence over speed in this factory.
La sécurité prime sur la vitesse dans cette usine.
C1 verb /kənˈstrɪkt/

constrict

constrict
Meaning
to make narrower or tighter; to shrink or compress
Example
The snake constricted its prey before swallowing.
Le serpent a contracté sa proie avant de l'avaler.
C1 adjective /ˈlækˌlʌstər/

lackluster

terne
Meaning
Lacking in vitality, force, or conviction; uninspired or uninspiring.
Example
The lackluster performance disappointed the audience.
La performance terne a déçu le public.
C1 verb /rɪˈmjuːnəreɪt/

remunerate

rémunérer
Meaning
To pay someone for services or work done.
Example
The company will remunerate employees fairly for their overtime.
L'entreprise rémunérera équitablement les employés pour leurs heures supplémentaires.
C1 exclamation /juˈriːkə/

eureka

Eureka!
Meaning
An exclamation used to express a sudden discovery or realization.
Example
When the solution finally came to him, he shouted, 'Eureka!'
Quand la solution lui est enfin venue, il a crié : 'Eureka!'
C1 adverb spɒnˈteɪnɪəsli

spontaneously

spontanément
Meaning
In a spontaneous way; naturally and without planning or external cause.
Example
Children learn spontaneously through peer interactions.
Les enfants apprennent spontanément à travers les interactions entre pairs.
C1 noun /ɪnˈkrəʊtʃmənt/

encroachment

empiètement
Meaning
the act of gradually intruding or taking over someone’s rights, land, or space
Example
The villagers protested against the encroachment on their farmland.
Les villageois ont protesté contre l'empiètement sur leurs terres agricoles.
C1 adjective /ˈdɪs.ə.plɪ.ner.i/

Disciplinary

disciplinaire
Meaning
relating to discipline; intended to correct behavior
Example
The company took disciplinary action against the employee.
L'entreprise a pris des mesures disciplinaires contre l'employé.
C1 noun /bɒmˈbɑːrdmənt/

bombardment

bombardement
Meaning
a continuous attack with bombs or other projectiles
Example
The city endured a heavy bombardment during the war.
La ville a enduré un bombardement intense pendant la guerre.
C1 noun /ˈblɒk.ɪdʒ/

Blockage

bouchon
Meaning
an obstruction that makes movement or flow difficult or impossible
Example
The drain blockage caused water to overflow in the kitchen.
Le blocage du drain a causé un débordement d'eau dans la cuisine.
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.dɪˈspen.sə.bəl/

indispensable

indispensable
Meaning
Absolutely necessary, essential
Example
Water is indispensable for human survival.
L'eau est indispensable à la survie humaine.
C1 adjective /fəˈnætɪk/

Fanatic

fanatique
Meaning
extremely passionate about something; showing excessive enthusiasm or devotion
Example
He is a fanatic supporter of his football team.
Il est un fanatique supporter de son équipe de football.
C1 verb /bɪˈɡrʌdʒ/

begrudge

en vouloir à quelqu'un d'avoir quelque chose / donner quelque chose à contrecœur
Meaning
to resent someone for having something; to give reluctantly
Example
She did not begrudge him his success.
Elle ne lui en voulut pas pour son succès.
C1 noun /əˈkɔːrdiən/

accordion

accordéon (instrument de musique)
Meaning
a musical instrument played by squeezing and expanding with keys and buttons
Example
The musician played a cheerful tune on the accordion.
Le musicien a joué un air joyeux à l'accordéon.
C1 adjective /ˈten.tə.tɪv/

Tentative

tentatif; provisoire
Meaning
not certain or fixed; provisional; hesitant or unsure
Example
We made tentative plans to meet next week.
Nous avons fait des plans provisoires pour nous rencontrer la semaine prochaine.
C1 noun /əˌlɪtəˈreɪʃən/

alliteration

allitération
Meaning
the occurrence of the same consonant sound at the beginning of words in close succession
Example
She used alliteration in her poem to add musicality.
Elle a utilisé l'alliteration dans son poème pour ajouter de la musicalité.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnət/

indiscriminate

indiscriminé
Meaning
Done without careful judgment; random or haphazard.
Example
The indiscriminate use of pesticides harms the environment.
L'utilisation indiscriminée de pesticides nuit à l'environnement.
C1 noun əˌsɪm.ɪˈleɪ.ʃən

Assimilation

assimilation
Meaning
Connecting new information with existing knowledge
Example
Proper assimilation of knowledge leads to effective learning.
Une bonne assimilation des connaissances conduit à un apprentissage efficace.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈmænɪdʒəbəl/

Unmanageable

ingérable; hors de contrôle
Meaning
difficult or impossible to control or handle
Example
The large class became unmanageable without proper supervision.
La grande classe est devenue ingérable sans une supervision adéquate.
C1 adjective /ˌaʊtˈlændɪʃ/

outlandish

bizarre
Meaning
Looking or sounding bizarre or unfamiliar; strange.
Example
He wore an outlandish costume to the festival.
Il portait un costume bizarre au festival.
C1 adverb /ˈhed ɑn/

Head-on

de face
Meaning
directly facing; in direct confrontation or collision
Example
The two cars collided head-on at the intersection.
Les deux voitures se sont percutées de face à l'intersection.
C1 verb ˈrɛk.tɪ.faɪ

rectify

rectifier
Meaning
To correct mistakes or make something right.
Example
The company took steps to rectify its financial mistakes.
L'entreprise a pris des mesures pour rectifier ses erreurs financières.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈvɜːr.ʒən/

introversion

introversion
Meaning
The tendency to be inward-looking and shy, preferring solitary activities.
Example
Her introversion made it difficult for her to enjoy large parties.
Son introversion rendait difficile pour elle de profiter des grandes fêtes.
C1 adjective /ɪˈklɛktɪk/

eclectic

éclectique
Meaning
Selecting or deriving ideas, styles, or tastes from a broad and diverse range of sources.
Example
Her taste in music is eclectic, ranging from classical to hip-hop.
Ses goûts en musique sont éclectiques, allant de la musique classique au hip-hop.
C1 noun /ˈwɒrənt/

Warrant

mandat
Meaning
a legal document that gives police the authority to do something; justification or authority for an action
Example
The police obtained a search warrant before entering the building.
La police a obtenu un mandat de perquisition avant d'entrer dans le bâtiment.
C1 noun /ˈdʒuː.bɪ.liː/

Jubilee

jubilaire; anniversaire spécial
Meaning
a special anniversary celebration, especially the 25th, 50th, or 60th anniversary of an important event
Example
The school celebrated its golden jubilee with a grand ceremony.
L'école a célébré son jubilé d'or avec une grande cérémonie.
C1 noun /səˈrɛn.ɪ.ti/

serenity

sérénité
Meaning
The state of being calm, peaceful, and untroubled.
Example
Meditation helps in achieving inner serenity.
La méditation aide à atteindre la sérénité intérieure.
C1 verb /rɪˈdiːm/

redeem

racheter
Meaning
to compensate for faults or mistakes; to exchange something for value
Example
He managed to redeem his reputation after the scandal.
Il a réussi à racheter sa réputation après le scandale.
C1 noun /ˈbeɪlɪf/

bailiff

officier de justice
Meaning
An official who keeps order in a court, carries out court orders, or collects debts.
Example
The bailiff asked everyone to rise as the judge entered the courtroom.
L'officier de justice a demandé à tout le monde de se lever lorsque le juge est entré dans la salle d'audience.
C1 verb /wɪns/

wince

grincer des dents à cause de la douleur
Meaning
To make an involuntary movement of the face or body as a result of pain or distress.
Example
He winced when the doctor touched his injured arm.
Il a grimacé lorsque le médecin a touché son bras blessé.
C1 noun /ˈriːkɔːrs/

recourse

recours, aide
Meaning
a source of help or protection in a difficult situation
Example
The students had no recourse but to appeal to the principal.
Les étudiants n'avaient d'autre recours que de faire appel au directeur.
C1 noun /ˌdɜːrməˈtɑːlədʒɪst/

dermatologist

dermatologue
Meaning
A doctor who specializes in the treatment of skin diseases.
Example
She consulted a dermatologist for her skin allergy.
Elle a consulté un dermatologue pour son allergie à la peau.
C1 noun, verb /məˈnuː.vər/

maneuver

manœuvre / habileté
Meaning
a planned or skillful movement or action; to move skillfully or carefully
Example
The pilot maneuvered the plane through the storm.
Le pilote a manœuvré l'avion à travers la tempête.