sideline discussions
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C1 noun /ˈsaɪd.laɪn dɪˈskʌʃənz/

sideline discussions

discussions secondaires
Meaning
Informal or secondary conversations that occur outside the main agenda of a formal meeting.
Example
Sideline discussions often lead to agreements.
Les discussions secondaires mènent souvent à des accords.
C1 noun/verb /snɛər/

snare

piège
Meaning
a trap for catching animals; to catch or trap
Example
The hunter set a snare to catch rabbits.
Le chasseur a mis un piège pour attraper des lapins.
C1 verb /sərˈpæs/

surpass

dépasser
Meaning
to exceed or go beyond
Example
Her performance surpassed all expectations.
Sa performance a dépassé toutes les attentes.
C1 adjective ˌsɪn.əˈdʒɪs.tɪk

synergistic

synergique
Meaning
Relating to the interaction of elements that when combined produce a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects.
Example
A synergistic effect occurs when nutrients work together.
Un effet synergique se produit lorsque les nutriments agissent ensemble.
C1 verb /skɒf/

scoff

se moquer
Meaning
to speak about something in a mocking or dismissive way
Example
He scoffed at the idea of moving abroad.
Il s'est moqué de l'idée de déménager à l'étranger.
C1 verb /sɪndʒ/

singe

brûler légèrement
Meaning
To burn something superficially or lightly, especially at the edges.
Example
The fire singed his eyebrows.
Le feu a brûlé ses sourcils.
C1 noun /ˈskwɒlər/

squalor

misère
Meaning
the state of being extremely dirty and unpleasant, especially due to poverty or neglect
Example
They lived in squalor without basic facilities.
Ils vivaient dans la misère sans installations de base.
C1 adjective /stjuːˈpɛndəs/

stupendous

stupéfiant
Meaning
extremely impressive; amazing in size, degree, or excellence
Example
The magician’s performance was simply stupendous.
La performance du magicien était tout simplement stupéfiante.
C1 verb /swɜːrv/

swerve

changer brusquement de direction
Meaning
to change direction suddenly, especially to avoid hitting something
Example
The car swerved to avoid the dog.
La voiture a changé brusquement de direction pour éviter le chien.
C1 adjective /ˈsteɪtli/

stately

majestueux et digne
Meaning
Having a dignified, majestic, and impressive appearance or manner.
Example
The stately mansion stood at the end of the long driveway.
Le manoir majestueux se tenait à l'extrémité de l'allée.
C1 noun /sərˈveɪər/

surveyor

géomètre
Meaning
A person who measures and maps land, buildings, or other features.
Example
The surveyor measured the land for construction.
Le géomètre a mesuré le terrain pour la construction.
C1 noun /ˈspiːʃiː/

specie

monnaie
Meaning
money in the form of coins rather than notes or credit
Example
The transaction was made in specie.
La transaction a été effectuée en pièces.
C1 noun/adjective /ˈstɜː.lɪŋ/

sterling

monnaie britannique / excellent
Meaning
British money, especially pounds; of excellent quality.
Example
She was praised for her sterling work on the project.
Elle a été félicitée pour son excellent travail sur le projet.
C1 adjective /ˈspraɪtli/

sprightly

vif
Meaning
full of energy and life; lively
Example
The sprightly old man danced with joy at the wedding.
L'homme vif a dansé avec joie au mariage.
C1 noun /ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ/

shrinkage

rétrécissement
Meaning
The process of becoming smaller in size, amount, or value.
Example
The company reported a shrinkage in profits this quarter.
L'entreprise a rapporté une diminution des profits ce trimestre.
C1 verb /ʃraʊd/

shroud

envelopper
Meaning
to cover or hide; to wrap in cloth
Example
The mountain peak was shrouded in mist.
Le sommet de la montagne était enveloppé de brume.
C1 noun səbˈsɪs.təns

subsistence

subsistance
Meaning
The action or fact of maintaining or supporting oneself at a minimum level.
Example
Many farmers depend on subsistence agriculture.
De nombreux agriculteurs dépendent de l'agriculture de subsistance.
C1 adjective /ˌsʌbˈkɒn.ʃəs/

subconscious

subconscient
Meaning
Of or concerning the part of the mind which one is not fully aware of but which influences actions and feelings.
Example
Fears often come from the subconscious mind.
Les peurs proviennent souvent de l'esprit subconscient.
C1 noun səˈfɪʃənsi

sufficiency

suffisance
Meaning
The condition of being adequate or enough; adequacy.
Example
The sufficiency of food supply is critical for survival.
La suffisance de l'approvisionnement alimentaire est essentielle pour la survie.
C1 noun /səˈlɛmnɪti/

solemnity

solennité
Meaning
the state or quality of being serious and dignified
Example
The ceremony was conducted with great solemnity.
La cérémonie a été menée avec grande solennité.
C1 noun /ˈsɔːl.tɪd fɪʃ/

Salted fish

poisson salé
Meaning
fish preserved with salt; dried and salted fish for storage
Example
Salted fish is a traditional way to preserve seafood.
Le poisson salé est une méthode traditionnelle pour conserver les fruits de mer.
C1 noun /ˈskep.tɪ.sɪ.zəm/

skepticism

scepticisme, doute
Meaning
A skeptical attitude; doubt as to the truth of something.
Example
His skepticism about new technology often makes him resistant to change.
Son scepticisme à propos de la nouvelle technologie le rend souvent résistant au changement.
C1 verb/noun /skaʊl/

scowl

froncer les sourcils
Meaning
To frown in an angry or bad-tempered way.
Example
She scowled when she heard the unfair remark.
Elle fronça les sourcils quand elle entendit la remarque injuste.
C1 noun /səˈlɪləkwi/

soliloquy

soliloque
Meaning
a speech in which a character talks to themselves, often used in drama to reveal inner thoughts
Example
Hamlet's soliloquy is one of the most famous passages in Shakespearean drama.
Le soliloque d'Hamlet est l'un des passages les plus célèbres du drame shakespearien.
C1 noun /ˈstjuːpər/

stupor

stupéfaction
Meaning
a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility
Example
He remained in a stupor after hearing the shocking news.
Il est resté dans un état de stupéfaction après avoir entendu la nouvelle choquante.
C1 verb /stoʊk/

stoke

attiser le feu; encourager ou augmenter un sentiment ou une activité forte
Meaning
To add fuel to a fire; to encourage or increase a strong feeling or activity.
Example
The politician’s speech stoked anger among the crowd.
Le discours du politicien a enflammé la colère parmi la foule.
C1 adjective /səˈdɪs.tɪk/

sadistic

sadique
Meaning
Deriving pleasure from inflicting pain or suffering on others.
Example
The villain had a sadistic smile while hurting his enemies.
Le méchant avait un sourire sadique en infligeant de la douleur à ses ennemis.
C1 adjective /sɪˈkluːdɪd/

secluded

isolé
Meaning
Placed apart from other people or things; private and quiet.
Example
They spent their vacation in a secluded beach house.
Ils ont passé leurs vacances dans une maison de plage isolée.
C1 adjective /ˈstrɪndʒənt/

stringent

strict
Meaning
strict, precise, and exacting
Example
The government imposed stringent measures during the crisis.
Le gouvernement a imposé des mesures strictes pendant la crise.
C1 noun ˈsɛlf pəˈzɪʃən

self-possession

maîtrise de soi
Meaning
The quality of being calm and confident and in control of one's emotions; composure.
Example
His self-possession during the crisis was remarkable.
Son self-possession pendant la crise était remarquable.
C1 verb /spɔːn/

spawn

générer
Meaning
to produce or generate, often in large numbers
Example
The video game has spawned many sequels.
Le jeu vidéo a généré de nombreuses suites.
C1 noun ˈsæŋktɪti

sanctity

sainteté
Meaning
The state or quality of being holy, sacred, or saintly; ultimate importance.
Example
The sanctity of life should never be compromised.
La sainteté de la vie ne doit jamais être compromise.
C1 noun /sloʊθ/

Sloth

paresse; réticence à travailler ou à faire des efforts
Meaning
laziness; reluctance to work or make an effort
Example
His sloth prevented him from achieving his goals.
Sa paresse l'a empêché d'atteindre ses objectifs.
C1 verb /ˈskwɒbəl/

squabble

se disputer bruyamment pour quelque chose de trivial
Meaning
To argue noisily over something small or unimportant.
Example
The children squabbled over the last piece of cake.
Les enfants se disputaient pour le dernier morceau de gâteau.
C1 adjective /ˈstoʊɪk/

stoic

stoïque, implacable
Meaning
Showing little or no emotion, even in difficult situations.
Example
She remained stoic during the crisis, never showing fear or panic.
Elle est restée stoïque pendant la crise, sans montrer de peur ni de panique.
C1 adjective /ˈstæɡ.nənt/

Stagnant

stagnant; immobile; sans développement
Meaning
not moving or flowing; showing no activity or development
Example
The stagnant water in the pond was covered with algae.
L'eau stagnante dans l'étang était recouverte d'algues.
C1 noun /səbˈvɜːrʒən/

subversion

subversion
Meaning
the act of trying to destroy or undermine an established system or authority
Example
The government accused the rebels of planning subversion.
Le gouvernement a accusé les rebelles de planifier une subversion.
C1 adjective /səˈriːn/

serene

serein et paisible
Meaning
Calm, peaceful, and untroubled; tranquil.
Example
The lake had a serene and peaceful atmosphere.
Le lac avait une atmosphère sereine et paisible.
C1 adjective ˈsek.tər spəˈsɪf.ɪk

sector-specific

sectoriel
Meaning
Relating to or designed for a particular sector or industry.
Example
Sector-specific policies attract targeted investments.
Les politiques sectorielles attirent les investissements ciblés.
C1 noun /ˈsɪstərhʊd/

sisterhood

sororité
Meaning
The relationship between sisters, or a community of women united by shared experiences or goals.
Example
The feminist movement created a strong sense of sisterhood among women.
Le mouvement féministe a créé un fort sentiment de sororité parmi les femmes.
C1 adjective /seɪdʒ/

Sage

sage; prudent; ayant bon jugement
Meaning
wise; showing wisdom from experience; prudent; having good judgment
Example
The sage advice from the elder helped solve the problem.
Le sage conseil de l'aîné a aidé à résoudre le problème.
C1 verb /skɔːrtʃ/

scorch

brûler
Meaning
to burn the surface of something slightly
Example
The fire scorched the walls of the building.
Le feu a brûlé les murs du bâtiment.
C1 noun /ʃæk/

Shack

cabane
Meaning
a small, crudely built dwelling; a poorly constructed building
Example
The fisherman lived in a small shack near the beach.
Le pêcheur vivait dans une petite cabane près de la plage.
C1 noun /ˈsɔːjər/

Sawyer

scieur
Meaning
a person who saws wood, especially as an occupation
Example
The skilled sawyer cut the logs into planks.
Le scieur habile a coupé les bûches en planches.
C1 noun, verb /slɜːr/

slur

insulte / remarque désobligeante
Meaning
An insulting remark or suggestion; or to speak indistinctly.
Example
He made a slur against her character.
Il a fait une remarque offensante sur son caractère.
C1 noun /ˈskwɒtər/

squatter

squatteur
Meaning
a person who unlawfully occupies an uninhabited building or unused land
Example
The police removed the squatters from the abandoned house.
La police a expulsé les squatteurs de la maison abandonnée.
C1 noun /stæɡˈneɪ.ʃən/

stagnation

stagnation
Meaning
A state of inactivity or lack of growth, especially in an economy.
Example
High unemployment led to economic stagnation.
Le chômage élevé a conduit à une stagnation économique.
C1 verb /ˈsætəˌraɪz/

satirize

satiriser
Meaning
to mock or criticize something using satire
Example
The play satirizes the greed of modern corporations.
La pièce satirise la cupidité des entreprises modernes.
C1 verb/noun /stuːp/

stoop

bonheur
Meaning
To bend one's body forward and downward; also a small porch or staircase at the entrance of a house
Example
He had to stoop to pick up the coin.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun /sɪˈtɑːr/

Sitar

sitar
Meaning
a traditional Indian stringed musical instrument with a long neck and resonating body
Example
The sitar creates beautiful ragas in Indian classical music.
Le sitar crée de magnifiques ragas dans la musique classique indienne.
C1 noun /ˈstɛə.rɪ.əʊˌtaɪ.pɪŋ/

stereotyping

stéréotype
Meaning
A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
Example
Stereotyping people based on their race is harmful.
Stéréotyper les gens en fonction de leur race est nuisible.
C1 noun /səˈlaɪ.və/

Saliva

salive
Meaning
the watery liquid secreted into the mouth by glands
Example
The dentist asked her to rinse the saliva from her mouth.
Le dentiste lui a demandé de rincer la salive de sa bouche.
C1 verb /sɪˈdjuːs/

seduce

séduire
Meaning
to attract someone into doing something, especially something they might not normally do
Example
The advertisement was designed to seduce customers into buying luxury products.
La publicité a été conçue pour séduire les clients à acheter des produits de luxe.
C1 noun /ˈsɜːrmən/

sermon

sermon
Meaning
A religious discourse delivered by a preacher, often offering moral instruction or spiritual guidance.
Example
The pastor gave a moving sermon about compassion and forgiveness.
Le pasteur a donné un sermon émouvant sur la compassion et le pardon.
C1 noun /stents/

stents

stents
Meaning
Small mesh tubes used to treat narrow or blocked arteries.
Example
Stents were successfully placed using robotic techniques.
Les stents ont été placés avec succès en utilisant des techniques robotiques.
C1 noun səˌsɛp.təˈbɪl.ə.ti

susceptibility

sensibilité
Meaning
The quality of being likely to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing; vulnerability.
Example
High susceptibility to infections requires extra care.
Une susceptibilité élevée aux infections nécessite des soins supplémentaires.
C1 verb /snʌb/

snub

mépriser
Meaning
to insult or ignore someone by treating them rudely
Example
He felt hurt when his invitation was snubbed.
Il s'est senti blessé lorsque son invitation a été méprisée.
C1 adjective /spɑːrs/

sparse

rare
Meaning
thinly scattered or distributed; not dense or abundant
Example
Vegetation was sparse in the desert.
La végétation était rare dans le désert.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪlkən/

Silken

en soie; doux; lisse;
Meaning
made of silk; smooth and soft like silk
Example
She wore a beautiful silken dress to the party.
Elle portait une belle robe en soie à la fête.
C1 adjective /ˈsæljʊˌtɛri/

salutary

salutaire
Meaning
Producing good effects; beneficial, especially after something unpleasant.
Example
The accident was a salutary reminder to drive carefully.
L'accident a été un rappel salutaire de conduire prudemment.
C1 noun /saɪð/

scythe

faux
Meaning
A tool with a long curved blade used for cutting grass or grain.
Example
The farmer sharpened his scythe before harvesting the wheat.
Le fermier a aiguisé sa faux avant de récolter le blé.
C1 noun /streɪt/

strait

détroit
Meaning
A narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two large areas of water.
Example
The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
Le détroit de Gibraltar relie l'océan Atlantique et la mer Méditerranée.
C1 noun ˈstræt.ə.sfɪər

stratosphere

stratosphère
Meaning
The layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 50 km above the earth's surface.
Example
The stratosphere provides a unique environment.
La stratosphère offre un environnement unique.
C1 verb /ˈsætʃəˌreɪt/

saturate

saturer
Meaning
to fill completely with something until no more can be absorbed
Example
The heavy rain saturated the ground within minutes.
La forte pluie a saturé le sol en quelques minutes.
C1 adjective /ˈsɛreɪtɪd/

serrated

dentelé
Meaning
Having a notched or saw-toothed edge.
Example
The bread knife had a serrated blade.
Le couteau à pain avait une lame dentelée.
C1 verb /smɜrk/

smirk

sourire d'un air suffisant
Meaning
to smile in a self-satisfied, smug, or silly way
Example
He smirked when he won the argument.
Il a souri lorsqu'il a gagné la dispute.
C1 verb /ˌsuːpərɪmˈpoʊz/

superimpose

superposer
Meaning
to place one thing on top of another so that both can be seen
Example
The editor superimposed text over the image.
L'éditeur a superposé le texte sur l'image.
C1 noun /sleɪ/

sleigh

traîneau
Meaning
A vehicle pulled by horses or reindeer over snow or ice.
Example
Children were excited to ride in the sleigh through the snowy village.
Les enfants étaient excités de monter dans le traîneau à travers le village enneigé.
C1 noun /ˈskaɪ.lɑːrk/

Sky-Lark

alouette
Meaning
a small brown bird known for singing while flying high in the sky
Example
The skylark sang beautifully as it soared above the meadow.
L'alouette chanta magnifiquement pendant qu'elle s'élevait au-dessus du pré.
C1 noun ˌsæn.ɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

sanitization

désinfection
Meaning
The process of cleaning and disinfecting to eliminate germs and bacteria.
Example
Regular sanitization keeps appliances germ-free.
La désinfection régulière garde les appareils sans germes.
C1 verb /ˈskaʊər/

scour

frotter / chercher minutieusement
Meaning
to clean or brighten the surface of something by scrubbing; to search thoroughly
Example
She scoured the kitchen until it shone.
Elle a frotté la cuisine jusqu'à ce qu'elle brille.
C1 noun /ˈstænzə/

stanza

strophe
Meaning
a group of lines forming a unit in a poem or song
Example
The poem begins with a stanza describing nature.
Le poème commence par une strophe décrivant la nature.
C1 adjective /ˈspʌndʒi/

Spongy

épongeux
Meaning
soft and full of holes like a sponge; porous
Example
The cake had a light and spongy texture.
Le gâteau avait une texture légère et spongieuse.
C1 noun /ˈsteɪl.meɪt/

stalemate

impasse
Meaning
A situation in which no progress can be made or no party can win.
Example
Negotiations ended in a stalemate.
Les négociations se sont terminées par un impasse.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌlən/

sullen

maussade
Meaning
bad-tempered and gloomy; silently resentful
Example
She gave him a sullen look and walked away.
Elle lui lança un regard maussade et s'éloigna.
C1 verb /sɪˈkriːt/

secrete

sécréter
Meaning
to produce and release a substance from a cell, gland, or organ
Example
The pancreas secretes insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.
Le pancréas sécrète de l'insuline pour réguler le taux de sucre dans le sang.
C1 noun /ˈsʌn.stroʊk/

Sunstroke

coup de chaleur
Meaning
a serious condition caused by overheating from prolonged exposure to high temperatures
Example
The worker suffered from sunstroke after working outside all day.
Le travailleur a souffert d'un coup de chaleur après avoir travaillé dehors toute la journée.
C1 adjective /stiːpt/

steeped

imprégné
Meaning
Completely surrounded by or filled with a particular quality, influence, or experience.
Example
The town is steeped in history and tradition.
La ville est imprégnée d'histoire et de tradition.
C1 verb /ˈstæmər/

stammer

bégayer
Meaning
To speak with sudden involuntary pauses and a tendency to repeat the initial letters of words.
Example
The nervous student began to stammer during his speech.
L'étudiant nerveux a commencé à bégayer pendant son discours.
C1 noun /ˈsɔːrsəri/

sorcery

sorcellerie
Meaning
the use of magical powers, especially through spells and enchantments
Example
The villagers believed the illness was caused by sorcery.
Les villageois croyaient que la maladie était causée par la sorcellerie.
C1 verb /səbˈstænʃieɪt/

substantiate

substantier
Meaning
To provide evidence to support or prove the truth of something.
Example
The lawyer worked to substantiate the claims with solid evidence.
L'avocat a travaillé pour substancier les affirmations avec des preuves solides.
C1 noun /ˈstaɪləs/

stylus

stylet
Meaning
a small tool used for writing, drawing, or touching screens
Example
She used a stylus to draw on her tablet.
Elle a utilisé un stylet pour dessiner sur sa tablette.
C1 adjective /ˈstɛlər/

stellar

exceptionnel
Meaning
Relating to stars; outstanding or excellent.
Example
She gave a stellar performance in the play.
Elle a donné une performance exceptionnelle dans la pièce.
C1 noun /ˈsɛvərəns/

severance

indemnité de licenciement
Meaning
the act of ending something, especially a relationship or employment; compensation paid upon termination
Example
The company offered him severance pay after his job ended.
L'entreprise lui a offert une indemnité de licenciement après la fin de son emploi.
C1 noun /swiːt.laɪm/

Sweetlime

citron doux
Meaning
a citrus fruit that is sweeter and less acidic than regular lime
Example
The sweetlime juice was refreshing on a hot day.
Le jus de citron doux était rafraîchissant lors d'une journée chaude.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌmp.tʃu.əs/

sumptuous

somptueux
Meaning
Splendid and expensive-looking; luxurious.
Example
The guests were treated to a sumptuous banquet.
Les invités ont été traités avec un banquet somptueux.
C1 noun /səˈlɪn.ə.t̬i/

salinity

salinité, concentration de sel
Meaning
The salt content of soil or water, typically measured as a concentration.
Example
The salinity of the ocean varies depending on depth and location.
La salinité de l'océan varie en fonction de la profondeur et de la localisation.
C1 verb/noun /snɑːrl/

snarl

grognement, embouteillage
Meaning
to growl aggressively with bared teeth; a tangle or mess
Example
The dog snarled at the stranger near the gate.
Le chien a grogné au passant près de la porte.
C1 noun /ˈsæf.rən/

Saffron

safran
Meaning
a deep yellow-orange color; an expensive spice derived from crocus flowers
Example
The saffron fabric looked beautiful in the sunlight.
Le tissu de safran avait l'air magnifique au soleil.
C1 noun /sɛkt/

sect

secte
Meaning
a subgroup of a larger religious or political group, often with differing beliefs
Example
The group split into different sects due to doctrinal differences.
Le groupe s'est divisé en différentes sectes en raison des différences doctrinales.
C1 noun, adjective, verb /səˈbɔːrdənət/ (noun/adjective), /səˈbɔːrdəˌneɪt/ (verb)

subordinate

subordonné
Meaning
lower in rank or position; to treat as less important
Example
He manages ten subordinates in his department.
Il gère dix subordonnés dans son département.
C1 adjective /ˌsɛlf ɪˈfeɪsɪŋ/

self-effacing

modeste
Meaning
not drawing attention to oneself; modest
Example
Despite his success, he remained self-effacing and humble.
Malgré son succès, il est resté modeste et humble.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɪp.ʃeɪp/

Shipshape

propre et bien organisé; en bon ordre
Meaning
neat and tidy; in good order; well-organized
Example
Everything was shipshape before the inspection.
Tout était impeccable avant l'inspection.
C1 verb /ˌsuːpərˈsiːd/

supersede

remplacer
Meaning
To replace or take the place of something because it is more modern or effective.
Example
This new law will supersede the old regulations.
Cette nouvelle loi va remplacer les anciennes réglementations.
C1 adjective ˈsɪŋ.krə.nəs

synchronous

synchrone
Meaning
Existing or occurring at the same time.
Example
Synchronous learning involves live online classes.
L'apprentissage synchrone implique des cours en ligne en direct.
C1 noun /ˈʃɜːrbət/

sherbet

sorbet
Meaning
a sweet flavored drink or a frozen dessert made from sweetened fruit juice
Example
On hot days, she enjoys a glass of lemon sherbet.
Lors des journées chaudes, elle apprécie un verre de sorbet au citron.
C1 verb /ˈslɪðər/

slither

glisser
Meaning
to move smoothly over a surface with a twisting, sliding motion, like a snake
Example
The snake slithered through the grass.
Le serpent a glissé à travers l'herbe.
C1 verb /səˈlɪdəˌfaɪ/

solidify

solidifier
Meaning
To make something firm, strong, or more certain.
Example
The company solidified its position in the market.
L'entreprise a solidifié sa position sur le marché.
C1 verb /ʃɪə/

shear

couper
Meaning
to cut the wool off a sheep or to cut something with sharp tools like scissors or shears
Example
The farmer will shear the sheep in the spring.
L'agriculteur shear le mouton au printemps.
C1 noun /səˈbraɪəti/

sobriety

sobriété
Meaning
the state of being sober; self-restraint and seriousness
Example
He has maintained his sobriety for five years.
Il a maintenu sa sobriété pendant cinq ans.
C1 verb /ˈswɪndl/

swindle

escroquer
Meaning
to cheat someone out of money or possessions by deceit
Example
The con artist tried to swindle the old man out of his savings.
L'artiste de la tromperie a tenté d'escroquer le vieil homme de ses économies.
C1 verb ˈsɪn.θə.saɪ.zɪŋ

synthesizing

synthétiser, combiner, présenter de manière cohérente
Meaning
Combine (a number of things) into a coherent whole.
Example
He excels in synthesizing ideas from different sources.
Il excelle à synthétiser des idées provenant de différentes sources.
C1 noun /skɪt/

skit

sketch
Meaning
a short, humorous performance or piece of writing
Example
The students performed a funny skit at the event.
Les étudiants ont joué un sketch drôle lors de l'événement.
C1 noun /ˈsɜːr.vɪ.tuːd/

Servitude

servitude
Meaning
the state of being a slave or completely subject to someone more powerful
Example
Many people fought to escape the servitude imposed by the colonial system.
De nombreuses personnes se sont battues pour échapper à la servitude imposée par le système colonial.
C1 noun /sɪˈnɒpsɪs/

synopsis

synopsis
Meaning
a brief summary of the main points of a text, film, or research
Example
The publisher asked the author to submit a one-page synopsis of the novel.
L'éditeur a demandé à l'auteur de soumettre une synopsis d'une page du roman.
C1 noun /ˈstɛnsəl/

stencil

pochoir
Meaning
A thin sheet of material with a design cut out, used to produce the design on the surface below by applying paint or ink through the cut-out holes.
Example
The artist used a stencil to paint identical stars on the wall.
L'artiste a utilisé un pochoir pour peindre des étoiles identiques sur le mur.
C1 noun /ˈsækrɪlɪdʒ/

sacrilege

sacrilège
Meaning
Violation or misuse of what is regarded as sacred.
Example
Stealing from the temple was considered an act of sacrilege.
Voler dans le temple était considéré comme un acte de sacrilège.
C1 adjective /ˈsɛm.ɪ.nəl/

seminal

bonheur
Meaning
Strongly influencing later developments; highly original and influential.
Example
His seminal book changed the course of modern philosophy.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 adjective /ˈsiː.naɪl/

senile

faiblesse liée à la vieillesse
Meaning
Showing the weaknesses of old age, especially mental decline.
Example
The old man became senile and forgot familiar faces.
Le vieil homme est devenu sénile et a oublié des visages familiers.
C1 noun/verb /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

skirmish

escarmouche
Meaning
a small or brief fight between groups of soldiers; to engage in such a fight
Example
The soldiers got into a skirmish near the border.
Les soldats se sont engagés dans une escarmouche près de la frontière.
C1 noun /ˈstæl.i.ən/

stallion

étalon pour la reproduction
Meaning
An adult male horse that is not castrated, often used for breeding.
Example
The farm owns a powerful stallion for breeding purposes.
La ferme possède un puissant étalon pour la reproduction.
C1 adjective /ˌsæŋktɪˈmoʊniəs/

sanctimonious

moraliste et hypocrite
Meaning
Making a show of being morally superior to others; hypocritically pious.
Example
He gave a sanctimonious speech about honesty while he himself was corrupt.
Il a fait un discours moraliste sur l'honnêteté alors qu'il était lui-même corrompu.
C1 adjective /ˈstrætɪfaɪd/

stratified

stratifié / stratifiée
Meaning
arranged or classified in layers or strata
Example
Society in the past was highly stratified based on class and wealth.
La société du passé était fortement stratifiée en fonction de la classe et de la richesse.
C1 verb /struː/

strew

répandre
Meaning
to scatter or spread things untidily over a surface or area
Example
Clothes were strewn across the floor.
Les vêtements étaient éparpillés sur le sol.
C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.li.ənt/

salient

important, marquant ou évident
Meaning
Most important, prominent, or noticeable
Example
The report highlighted the salient points of the discussion.
Le rapport a mis en évidence les points saillants de la discussion.
C1 verb /ˈstoʊnwɔːl/

stonewall

entraver
Meaning
To delay or block progress by refusing to cooperate or answer
Example
The witness tried to stonewall during the investigation.
Le témoin a essayé de faire du stonewall lors de l'enquête.
C1 noun /ˈsʌnˌdaʊn/

sundown

coucher du soleil
Meaning
the time in the evening when the sun goes below the horizon
Example
We planned to reach the village before sundown.
Nous avions prévu d'arriver au village avant le coucher du soleil.
C1 noun /ˈʃæmbəlz/

shambles

désordre total
Meaning
a state of complete disorder or ruin
Example
After the storm, the whole town was in shambles.
Après la tempête, toute la ville était en désordre total.
C1 noun /ˈswiːt.miːt/

Sweetmeat

confiserie
Meaning
a small piece of confectionery or candy; a sweet delicacy
Example
The children enjoyed the traditional sweetmeats during the festival.
Les enfants ont apprécié les sucreries traditionnelles pendant le festival.
C1 adjective /ˌsɛlf əbˈzɔːrbd/

self-absorbed

égocentrique
Meaning
Excessively preoccupied with oneself and one’s own thoughts, feelings, or interests.
Example
He was too self-absorbed to notice his friend's distress.
Il était trop égocentrique pour remarquer la détresse de son ami.
C1 verb /ʃʌn/

Shun

éviter
Meaning
to deliberately avoid or stay away from someone or something
Example
He shuns public attention and prefers privacy.
Il évite l'attention publique et préfère la confidentialité.