satiric
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C1 adjective /səˈtɪrɪk/

satiric

satirique
Meaning
Relating to or using satire.
Example
The novel takes a satiric view of urban life.
Le roman adopte un point de vue satirique sur la vie urbaine.
C1 noun ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk ˈseɪvɪŋz

systematic savings

économies systématiques
Meaning
A structured and organized approach to regularly saving money according to a planned schedule
Example
Systematic savings can mitigate financial crises in old age.
Les économies systématiques peuvent atténuer les crises financières à un âge avancé.
C1 noun, verb /ˈskʌf.əl/

scuffle

bagarre
Meaning
a short, confused fight or struggle; to engage in such a fight
Example
Two players scuffled on the field after the foul.
Deux joueurs se sont battus sur le terrain après la faute.
C1 noun ˌsɛlf.rɪˈstreɪnt

self-restraint

autocontrôle
Meaning
The practice of restraining oneself from indulging in something, typically an impulse or desire.
Example
Practicing self-restraint helps in avoiding impulsive decisions.
Pratiquer l'autocontrôle aide à éviter les décisions impulsives.
C1 noun /ˈsʌn.stroʊk/

Sunstroke

coup de chaleur
Meaning
a serious condition caused by overheating from prolonged exposure to high temperatures
Example
The worker suffered from sunstroke after working outside all day.
Le travailleur a souffert d'un coup de chaleur après avoir travaillé dehors toute la journée.
C1 noun /stɪˈlɛtoʊ/

stiletto

chaussure à talon aigu / poignard
Meaning
A small, thin, high-heeled shoe or a dagger with a slender blade.
Example
She wore elegant stiletto heels to the party.
Elle portait des talons stiletto élégants à la fête.
C1 noun /ˈsʌm.ɪt əv ðə ˈfjuː.tʃər/

Summit of the Future

Sommet du futur
Meaning
A high-level conference focused on addressing future challenges and opportunities.
Example
The Summit of the Future addressed global challenges.
Le Sommet du Futur a abordé les défis mondiaux.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪnjuəs/

sinuous

sinueux
Meaning
Having many curves, bends, or turns; winding.
Example
The hikers followed a sinuous path through the forest.
Les randonneurs ont suivi un chemin sinueux à travers la forêt.
C1 noun /səbˈmɪtəl/

submittal

soumission
Meaning
the act of submitting something, especially a document for consideration or approval
Example
The contractor sent the submittal to the client for approval.
L'entrepreneur a envoyé la soumission au client pour approbation.
C1 adjective /ˈstɒdʒi/

stodgy

lourd, vieilli
Meaning
Dull, uninspired, or old-fashioned; also heavy and hard to digest when referring to food.
Example
The lecture was so stodgy that many students struggled to stay awake.
La conférence était si lourde que de nombreux étudiants ont eu du mal à rester éveillés.
C1 noun /səˈbætɪkəl/

sabbatical

période de congé pour études ou voyages
Meaning
A period of paid leave granted to a teacher or worker for study or travel, traditionally every seventh year.
Example
She took a sabbatical to research her new book.
Elle a pris un congé sabbatique pour rechercher son nouveau livre.
C1 verb /səbˈdjuː/

subdue

soumettre
Meaning
To bring under control, especially by force; to overcome or quiet.
Example
The army was able to subdue the rebellion quickly.
L'armée a pu soumettre la rébellion rapidement.
C1 verb /ˌsuːpərˈsiːd/

supersede

remplacer
Meaning
To replace or take the place of something because it is more modern or effective.
Example
This new law will supersede the old regulations.
Cette nouvelle loi va remplacer les anciennes réglementations.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪnləs/

Sinless

sans péché; innocent; pur
Meaning
free from sin; pure and innocent; without moral fault
Example
The innocent child appeared sinless in her pure white dress.
L'enfant innocent est apparu sans péché dans sa robe blanche pure.
C1 adjective /ˈskræpi/

scrappy

combattant / en désordre
Meaning
Determined and willing to fight or argue; also messy or disorganized.
Example
Despite being small, he was a scrappy fighter.
Malgré sa petite taille, il était un combattant déterminé.
C1 adjective /səˈdʒɛstɪv/

suggestive

suggestif
Meaning
tending to suggest ideas or images; sometimes implies something sexual or provocative
Example
The painting was highly suggestive and sparked much debate.
Le tableau était très suggestif et a provoqué beaucoup de débats.
C1 noun /siˈɛrə klʌb/

Sierra Club

Sierra Club
Meaning
An American environmental organization founded in 1892 by John Muir, focused on promoting conservation of the natural environment by influencing public policy decisions.
Example
John Muir founded the Sierra Club in 1892 to protect wild areas.
John Muir a fondé le Sierra Club en 1892 pour protéger les zones sauvages.
C1 noun /ˈsɜːrtʃɑːrdʒ/

surcharge

supplément
Meaning
an additional charge or payment added to the usual cost
Example
The airline ticket had a fuel surcharge added to it.
Le billet d'avion avait un supplément carburant ajouté.
C1 verb /skʌf/

scuff

griffer
Meaning
to mark or scratch the surface of something by rubbing
Example
He scuffed his shoes on the pavement.
Il a griffé ses chaussures sur le trottoir.
C1 verb /sɪndʒ/

singe

brûler légèrement
Meaning
To burn something superficially or lightly, especially at the edges.
Example
The fire singed his eyebrows.
Le feu a brûlé ses sourcils.
C1 noun /ˈskruːpəl/

scruple

scrupule
Meaning
A moral or ethical consideration that restrains actions.
Example
He had no scruples about lying to get ahead.
Il n'avait aucun scrupule à mentir pour avancer.
C1 adjective /ˈskɔːrnfəl/

Scornful

méprisant
Meaning
showing contempt or disdain; expressing scorn
Example
She gave him a scornful look when he made the rude comment.
Elle lui a lancé un regard méprisant quand il a fait le commentaire grossier.
C1 noun /ˈsɪməli/

simile

comparaison
Meaning
A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another using 'like' or 'as'.
Example
She used a simile to describe her eyes as bright as stars.
Elle a utilisé une comparaison pour décrire ses yeux aussi brillants que des étoiles.
C1 adjective /ˈstraɪ.dənt/

strident

strident, bruyant
Meaning
loud and harsh; presenting a point of view in a forceful way
Example
His strident voice made the debate uncomfortable.
Sa voix stridente rendait le débat inconfortable.
C1 adverb spɒnˈteɪnɪəsli

spontaneously

spontanément
Meaning
In a spontaneous way; naturally and without planning or external cause.
Example
Children learn spontaneously through peer interactions.
Les enfants apprennent spontanément à travers les interactions entre pairs.
C1 noun /ˌstætʃuˈɛt/

statuette

statuette
Meaning
A small statue, usually decorative or artistic.
Example
The artist won a gold statuette for his work.
L'artiste a gagné une petite statuette en or pour son travail.
C1 noun /ˈstætʃər/

stature

stature, prestige
Meaning
A person's natural height or their reputation and importance.
Example
Her intellectual stature made her a respected figure in academia.
Sa stature intellectuelle a fait d'elle une figure respectée dans le monde académique.
C1 adjective /səbˈsɪd.i.ər.i/

Subsidiary

filiale; secondaire; relatif à une entreprise filiale
Meaning
less important than the main thing; secondary; of or relating to a subsidiary company
Example
The subsidiary company handles all overseas operations.
L'entreprise filiale gère toutes les opérations à l'étranger.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪn.tɪ.leɪ.tɪŋ/

scintillating

scintillant
Meaning
brilliantly clever, exciting, or sparkling
Example
Her scintillating conversation kept everyone entertained.
Sa conversation scintillante a diverti tout le monde.
C1 verb, noun /sæp/

sap

sève / épuiser
Meaning
As a noun: the vital fluid in plants; As a verb: to gradually weaken or drain strength.
Example
The long journey began to sap his energy.
Le long voyage a commencé à épuiser son énergie.
C1 adjective /ˈskeɪðɪŋ/

scathing

critique acerbe
Meaning
severely critical; harshly scornful
Example
The critic wrote a scathing review of the movie.
Le critique a écrit une critique acerbe du film.
C1 adjective /ˈskwɒlɪd/

squalid

extrêmement sale
Meaning
extremely dirty and unpleasant, often due to poverty or neglect
Example
He lived in a squalid room with broken furniture.
Il vivait dans une pièce sale avec des meubles cassés.
C1 adjective /ˌsɛlf ɪˈfeɪsɪŋ/

self-effacing

modeste
Meaning
not drawing attention to oneself; modest
Example
Despite his success, he remained self-effacing and humble.
Malgré son succès, il est resté modeste et humble.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌl.ki/

Sulky

bougon et maussade; lunatique
Meaning
bad-tempered and sullen; moody
Example
The child became sulky when he couldn't get his favorite toy.
L'enfant est devenu bougon quand il n'a pas pu obtenir son jouet préféré.
C1 adjective /ˈstɛriəˌtaɪpt/

stereotyped

stéréotypé
Meaning
Conforming to a fixed or oversimplified idea of what someone or something is like.
Example
His stereotyped jokes failed to impress the audience.
Ses blagues stéréotypées n'ont pas réussi à impressionner le public.
C1 adjective /ˈʃeɪm.ləs/

Shameless

impudique
Meaning
having no shame; bold and rude; impudent
Example
The shameless politician refused to apologize for his mistakes.
Le politicien sans honte a refusé de s'excuser pour ses erreurs.
C1 noun /səˈlɛmnɪti/

solemnity

solennité
Meaning
the state or quality of being serious and dignified
Example
The ceremony was conducted with great solemnity.
La cérémonie a été menée avec grande solennité.
C1 adjective səˈsaɪ.ə.təl

societal

social
Meaning
Relating to society or social relationships.
Example
Societal benefits of space tourism are under debate.
Les avantages sociaux du tourisme spatial sont en débat.
C1 adjective /sɪmˈplɪstɪk/

simplistic

trop simplifié
Meaning
treating complex issues as if they were much simpler than they really are
Example
His explanation was too simplistic and ignored key details.
Son explication était trop simplifiée et ignorait des détails clés.
C1 noun /ˈsæf.aɪər/

Saphire

saphir
Meaning
a precious stone that is typically blue in color
Example
The royal crown was adorned with a large sapphire.
La couronne royale était ornée d'un grand saphir.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌbstəntɪv/

substantive

important
Meaning
Having a firm basis in reality; important, meaningful, or considerable.
Example
The company made substantive changes to its policy.
L'entreprise a apporté des changements importants à sa politique.
C1 noun /səˈlɪləkwi/

soliloquy

soliloque
Meaning
a speech in which a character talks to themselves, often used in drama to reveal inner thoughts
Example
Hamlet's soliloquy is one of the most famous passages in Shakespearean drama.
Le soliloque d'Hamlet est l'un des passages les plus célèbres du drame shakespearien.
C1 noun, adjective, verb /səˈbɔːrdənət/ (noun/adjective), /səˈbɔːrdəˌneɪt/ (verb)

subordinate

subordonné
Meaning
lower in rank or position; to treat as less important
Example
He manages ten subordinates in his department.
Il gère dix subordonnés dans son département.
C1 noun /ˈstɛnsəl/

stencil

pochoir
Meaning
A thin sheet of material with a design cut out, used to produce the design on the surface below by applying paint or ink through the cut-out holes.
Example
The artist used a stencil to paint identical stars on the wall.
L'artiste a utilisé un pochoir pour peindre des étoiles identiques sur le mur.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌmp.tʃu.əs/

sumptuous

somptueux
Meaning
Splendid and expensive-looking; luxurious.
Example
The guests were treated to a sumptuous banquet.
Les invités ont été traités avec un banquet somptueux.
C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.li.ənt/

salient

important, marquant ou évident
Meaning
Most important, prominent, or noticeable
Example
The report highlighted the salient points of the discussion.
Le rapport a mis en évidence les points saillants de la discussion.
C1 noun /ˈsɛpərətɪst/

separatist

séparatiste
Meaning
A person who supports the separation of a group from a larger body, often for political or cultural independence.
Example
The separatist group demanded independence from the central government.
Le groupe séparatiste a exigé l'indépendance du gouvernement central.
C1 noun ˈsæŋktɪti

sanctity

sainteté
Meaning
The state or quality of being holy, sacred, or saintly; ultimate importance.
Example
The sanctity of life should never be compromised.
La sainteté de la vie ne doit jamais être compromise.
C1 noun /ʃɑːrd/

shard

éclat
Meaning
a broken piece of glass, metal, or pottery
Example
He cut his finger on a shard of glass.
Il s'est coupé le doigt avec un éclat de verre.
C1 adjective /ˈstoʊɪk/

stoic

stoïque, implacable
Meaning
Showing little or no emotion, even in difficult situations.
Example
She remained stoic during the crisis, never showing fear or panic.
Elle est restée stoïque pendant la crise, sans montrer de peur ni de panique.
C1 adjective /ˌsekənd ˈreɪt/

second-rate

de seconde zone
Meaning
Of mediocre or inferior quality.
Example
The movie was entertaining but clearly second-rate compared to the original.
Le film était divertissant mais clairement de seconde zone comparé à l'original.
C1 verb/noun /skaʊl/

scowl

froncer les sourcils
Meaning
To frown in an angry or bad-tempered way.
Example
She scowled when she heard the unfair remark.
Elle fronça les sourcils quand elle entendit la remarque injuste.
C1 adjective /ˈspɛktrəl/

spectral

spectral
Meaning
Relating to a ghost or specter; ghostly. Also relating to a spectrum.
Example
The old mansion had a spectral atmosphere at night.
Le vieux manoir avait une atmosphère spectrale la nuit.
C1 noun səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

sophistication

niveau élevé de complexité ou de raffinement
Meaning
High level of complexity or refinement.
Example
The sophistication of modern AI technology is remarkable.
La sophistication de la technologie moderne de l'IA est remarquable.
C1 noun /ˈsaɪd.laɪn dɪˈskʌʃənz/

sideline discussions

discussions secondaires
Meaning
Informal or secondary conversations that occur outside the main agenda of a formal meeting.
Example
Sideline discussions often lead to agreements.
Les discussions secondaires mènent souvent à des accords.
C1 noun /ˌsæbəˈtɜːr/

saboteur

saboteur
Meaning
A person who engages in sabotage.
Example
The saboteur was arrested before he could plant the bomb.
Le saboteur a été arrêté avant qu'il ne puisse planter la bombe.
C1 adjective /ˈstæɡ.nənt/

Stagnant

stagnant; immobile; sans développement
Meaning
not moving or flowing; showing no activity or development
Example
The stagnant water in the pond was covered with algae.
L'eau stagnante dans l'étang était recouverte d'algues.
C1 noun /spɛk/

speck

tache
Meaning
A very small spot, mark, or particle.
Example
There was a tiny speck of dust on the glass table.
Il y avait une petite tache de poussière sur la table en verre.
C1 noun /ˈsteɪtəs kwoʊ/

status quo

statu quo
Meaning
The existing state of affairs, especially regarding social or political issues.
Example
The government decided to maintain the status quo until further review.
Le gouvernement a décidé de maintenir le statu quo jusqu'à un examen ultérieur.
C1 noun /ˈstænzə/

stanza

strophe
Meaning
a group of lines forming a unit in a poem or song
Example
The poem begins with a stanza describing nature.
Le poème commence par une strophe décrivant la nature.
C1 adjective /ˈspʌndʒi/

Spongy

épongeux
Meaning
soft and full of holes like a sponge; porous
Example
The cake had a light and spongy texture.
Le gâteau avait une texture légère et spongieuse.
C1 noun /səˈrɛn.ɪ.ti/

serenity

sérénité
Meaning
The state of being calm, peaceful, and untroubled.
Example
Meditation helps in achieving inner serenity.
La méditation aide à atteindre la sérénité intérieure.
C1 adjective ˌsɪn.əˈdʒɪs.tɪk

synergistic

synergique
Meaning
Relating to the interaction of elements that when combined produce a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects.
Example
A synergistic effect occurs when nutrients work together.
Un effet synergique se produit lorsque les nutriments agissent ensemble.
C1 noun, verb /slɜːr/

slur

insulte / remarque désobligeante
Meaning
An insulting remark or suggestion; or to speak indistinctly.
Example
He made a slur against her character.
Il a fait une remarque offensante sur son caractère.
C1 noun /skɪt/

skit

sketch
Meaning
a short, humorous performance or piece of writing
Example
The students performed a funny skit at the event.
Les étudiants ont joué un sketch drôle lors de l'événement.
C1 verb /ˈsɔːntər/

saunter

se promener lentement
Meaning
to walk in a slow, relaxed manner without hurry or effort
Example
We sauntered along the riverside, stopping now and then to watch the boats.
Nous avons flâné le long de la rivière, nous arrêtant de temps en temps pour observer les bateaux.
C1 adjective /ˈsɛnʃənt/

sentient

sentient
Meaning
Able to perceive or feel things.
Example
Humans are sentient beings capable of reasoning.
Les humains sont des êtres sentients capables de raisonner.
C1 noun /ˈswɪndlɚ/

swindler

escroc
Meaning
a person who cheats or deceives others for money or gain
Example
The police finally caught the notorious swindler.
La police a finalement attrapé le célèbre escroc.
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrvɪsəbl/

serviceable

utilisable
Meaning
fit for use; usable; in working order
Example
The old bicycle is still serviceable despite its age.
Le vieux vélo est encore utilisable malgré son âge.
C1 verb /ˈʃɪmər/

shimmer

scintiller
Meaning
To shine with a soft, wavering light.
Example
The lake shimmered under the moonlight.
Le lac scintillait sous la lumière de la lune.
C1 verb /slaʊtʃ/

slouch

se vautrer
Meaning
To stand, sit, or move in a lazy or awkward way.
Example
He slouched in the chair, looking tired.
Il se vautra dans la chaise, ayant l'air fatigué.
C1 noun /ˈsɪlk.wɜːrm/

Silk-worm

ver à soie
Meaning
the caterpillar of a moth that produces silk fibers used to make silk fabric
Example
Silkworms feed on mulberry leaves to produce silk.
Les vers à soie se nourrissent de feuilles de mûrier pour produire de la soie.
C1 noun/verb /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

skirmish

escarmouche
Meaning
a small or brief fight between groups of soldiers; to engage in such a fight
Example
The soldiers got into a skirmish near the border.
Les soldats se sont engagés dans une escarmouche près de la frontière.
C1 noun /sɛkt/

sect

secte
Meaning
a subgroup of a larger religious or political group, often with differing beliefs
Example
The group split into different sects due to doctrinal differences.
Le groupe s'est divisé en différentes sectes en raison des différences doctrinales.
C1 noun/verb /skɜːrdʒ/

scourge

fléau / malédiction
Meaning
A source of great pain or punishment; to whip or inflict suffering on someone.
Example
Disease and poverty remain a scourge in many regions.
La maladie et la pauvreté restent un fléau dans de nombreuses régions.
C1 adjective /ˈsɔːrdɪd/

sordid

sordide
Meaning
involving immoral or dishonorable actions; dirty or unpleasant
Example
The newspaper exposed the politician's sordid past.
Le journal a exposé le passé sordide du politicien.
C1 noun /stæɡˈneɪ.ʃən/

stagnation

stagnation
Meaning
A state of inactivity or lack of growth, especially in an economy.
Example
High unemployment led to economic stagnation.
Le chômage élevé a conduit à une stagnation économique.
C1 noun /ˈslændər/

Slander

calomnie
Meaning
the action of making false spoken statements damaging to someone's reputation
Example
The politician sued the newspaper for slander.
Le politicien a poursuivi le journal pour calomnie.
C1 verb /ˈsaɪdˌtræk/

sidetrack

détourner
Meaning
To distract from the main subject or activity.
Example
She was sidetracked by an unexpected phone call.
Elle a été détournée par un appel téléphonique inattendu.
C1 adjective sɪˈmæn.tɪk

semantic

relatif au sens dans le langage
Meaning
Related to meaning in language; concerning the interpretation of words and sentences.
Example
AI models use semantic analysis to understand context.
Les modèles d'IA utilisent l'analyse sémantique pour comprendre le contexte.
C1 noun /spæt/

spat

dispute mineure
Meaning
a short, petty quarrel or argument
Example
They had a brief spat about who should do the dishes.
Ils ont eu une petite dispute sur qui devait faire la vaisselle.
C1 noun /ˈʃɜːrbət/

sherbet

sorbet
Meaning
a sweet flavored drink or a frozen dessert made from sweetened fruit juice
Example
On hot days, she enjoys a glass of lemon sherbet.
Lors des journées chaudes, elle apprécie un verre de sorbet au citron.
C1 verb /ˈsmʌðər/

smother

étouffer / asphyxier
Meaning
to kill someone by covering their nose and mouth to prevent breathing; to cover something completely; to overwhelm with excessive attention or affection
Example
She smothered the fire with a blanket.
Elle a étouffé le feu avec une couverture.
C1 noun /ˈʃæmbəlz/

shambles

désordre total
Meaning
a state of complete disorder or ruin
Example
After the storm, the whole town was in shambles.
Après la tempête, toute la ville était en désordre total.
C1 noun /slɪt/

Slit

fente
Meaning
a long narrow opening or cut
Example
There was a small slit in the fabric.
Il y avait une petite fente dans le tissu.
C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.vər.i/

savory

savoureux (salé ou épicé)
Meaning
Having a pleasant salty or spicy taste; morally acceptable.
Example
The restaurant serves a variety of savory dishes.
Le restaurant sert une variété de plats savoureux.
C1 noun /streɪt/

strait

détroit
Meaning
A narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two large areas of water.
Example
The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
Le détroit de Gibraltar relie l'océan Atlantique et la mer Méditerranée.
C1 adjective /ˈstʌm.pi/

Stumpy

court et épais
Meaning
short and thick; having a short, thick appearance
Example
The stumpy little dog wagged its tail enthusiastically.
Le petit chien court et épais a agité sa queue avec enthousiasme.
C1 verb /siːp/

seep

s'infiltrer lentement
Meaning
to flow or leak slowly through small openings or pores
Example
Water began to seep through the cracks in the wall.
L'eau a commencé à s'infiltrer à travers les fissures dans le mur.
C1 noun ˈsɒl.vən.si

solvency

la possession d'actifs supérieurs aux passifs; capacité à rembourser les dettes
Meaning
The possession of assets in excess of liabilities; ability to pay debts.
Example
The company's solvency improved after restructuring.
La solvabilité de l'entreprise s'est améliorée après la restructuration.
C1 verb /slɪŋk/

slink

se faufiler
Meaning
to move quietly and secretly, often to avoid being noticed
Example
The cat slunk into the room without making a sound.
Le chat est entré dans la pièce sans faire de bruit.
C1 verb ˈsɪn.θə.saɪ.zɪŋ

synthesizing

synthétiser, combiner, présenter de manière cohérente
Meaning
Combine (a number of things) into a coherent whole.
Example
He excels in synthesizing ideas from different sources.
Il excelle à synthétiser des idées provenant de différentes sources.
C1 verb /səbˈsɪst/

subsist

subsister
Meaning
To maintain or support oneself, especially at a minimal level.
Example
Many villagers still subsist on fishing and farming.
Beaucoup de villageois subsistent encore grâce à la pêche et à l'agriculture.
C1 noun /ˈstaɪləs/

stylus

stylet
Meaning
a small tool used for writing, drawing, or touching screens
Example
She used a stylus to draw on her tablet.
Elle a utilisé un stylet pour dessiner sur sa tablette.
C1 adjective /sɑːrˈdɒnɪk/

sardonic

bonheur
Meaning
Grimly mocking or cynical.
Example
She gave him a sardonic smile after hearing his excuse.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 verb /sərˈmaʊnt/

surmount

surmonter
Meaning
to overcome a difficulty or obstacle
Example
He surmounted all the challenges to achieve his dream.
Il a surmonté tous les défis pour atteindre son rêve.
C1 verb /ˈsɪmjʊˌleɪt/

simulate

simuler
Meaning
to imitate the appearance, character, or behavior of something; to pretend or reproduce conditions artificially
Example
The pilot had to simulate an emergency landing during training.
Le pilote a dû simuler un atterrissage d'urgence pendant l'entraînement.
C1 adjective /sɪˈmɛtrɪkəl/

symmetrical

symétrique
Meaning
having parts on either side that match or are the same in shape, size, or arrangement
Example
The artist designed a symmetrical pattern on the floor.
L'artiste a conçu un motif symétrique sur le sol.
C1 noun /ˈsɪk.əl/

Sickle

faucille
Meaning
a tool with a curved metal blade and short handle used for cutting grain crops
Example
The farmer harvested wheat using a traditional sickle.
Le fermier a récolté du blé en utilisant une faucille traditionnelle.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɪp.ʃeɪp/

Shipshape

propre et bien organisé; en bon ordre
Meaning
neat and tidy; in good order; well-organized
Example
Everything was shipshape before the inspection.
Tout était impeccable avant l'inspection.
C1 adjective /ˈskænti/

Scanty

petit en taille ou en quantité; insuffisant; à peine suffisant
Meaning
small in size or amount; insufficient; barely adequate
Example
The refugee camp had scanty food supplies.
Le camp de réfugiés avait des provisions alimentaires insuffisantes.
C1 noun /ˈstɔːrhaʊs/

storehouse

entrepôt
Meaning
A place where goods, supplies, or valuables are stored; a repository
Example
The warehouse acted as a storehouse for all the imported goods.
L'entrepôt servait de storehouse pour tous les produits importés.
C1 noun /ʃoʊl/

shoal

école de poissons
Meaning
a large group of fish swimming together; a shallow place in water
Example
We saw a shoal of fish near the coast.
Nous avons vu une école de poissons près de la côte.
C1 adjective /ˈskɪtɪʃ/

skittish

nerveux
Meaning
easily frightened or nervous; unpredictable
Example
The horse was too skittish to ride.
Le cheval était trop nerveux pour monter.
C1 noun /sɔːd fɪʃ/

Sword fish

poisson-épée
Meaning
A large marine fish with an elongated bill resembling a sword
Example
The swordfish can swim at speeds up to 60 mph.
Le poisson-épée peut nager à des vitesses allant jusqu’à 60 mph.
C1 verb /ˈstaɪfəld/

stifled

étouffer
Meaning
to suppress, hold back, or prevent something from happening
Example
He stifled a laugh during the serious meeting.
Il a étouffé un rire pendant la réunion sérieuse.
C1 adjective /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/

sanguine

optimiste
Meaning
Optimistic or positive, especially in a difficult situation.
Example
Despite the challenges, she remained sanguine about the future.
Malgré les défis, elle est restée optimiste quant à l'avenir.
C1 verb /ʃɪə/

shear

couper
Meaning
to cut the wool off a sheep or to cut something with sharp tools like scissors or shears
Example
The farmer will shear the sheep in the spring.
L'agriculteur shear le mouton au printemps.
C1 noun səˈlɪnɪti ɪnˈtruːʒən

salinity intrusion

intrusion de salinité
Meaning
The movement of salt water into freshwater areas, typically affecting coastal regions.
Example
Salinity intrusion affects coastal regions.
L'intrusion de salinité affecte les régions côtières.
C1 adjective /ˌsɛm.iˈæn.ju.əl/

semiannual

semi-annuel
Meaning
Occurring twice a year; every six months.
Example
The company holds a semiannual meeting with all employees.
L'entreprise organise une réunion semi-annuelle avec tous les employés.
C1 verb /səbˈvɜːrt/

subvert

renverser
Meaning
to undermine or overthrow an established system, authority, or institution
Example
The rebels tried to subvert the government.
Les rebelles ont essayé de renverser le gouvernement.
C1 verb /ˈsætəˌraɪz/

satirize

satiriser
Meaning
to mock or criticize something using satire
Example
The play satirizes the greed of modern corporations.
La pièce satirise la cupidité des entreprises modernes.
C1 noun /ˈstɪklər/

stickler

personne exigeante sur les règles
Meaning
a person who insists on a certain quality or standard of behavior
Example
He is a stickler for punctuality and never tolerates delays.
Il est très strict sur la ponctualité et ne tolère pas les retards.
C1 noun səˈsteɪnəbəl ænd kəˈlæbərətɪv əˈproʊtʃ

sustainable and collaborative approach

approche durable et collaborative
Meaning
A method of working together that can be maintained over time without depleting resources or causing harm.
Example
A sustainable and collaborative approach is crucial for solving environmental problems.
Une approche durable et collaborative est cruciale pour résoudre les problèmes environnementaux.
C1 adjective /səbˈvɜːrsɪv/

subversive

subversif
Meaning
seeking or intended to undermine or overthrow an established system or authority
Example
The group was banned for its subversive activities.
Le groupe a été interdit pour ses activités subversives.
C1 adjective /suːˈpɜːr.flu.əs/

superfluous

superflu
Meaning
Unnecessary, especially through being more than enough.
Example
His speech contained too many superfluous details.
Son discours contenait trop de détails superflus.
C1 noun ˈsɪmbəlɪzəm

symbolism

symbolisme
Meaning
The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.
Example
The use of symbolism in the novel is masterful.
L'utilisation du symbolisme dans le roman est magistrale.
C1 verb /səˈfɪstɪkeɪt/

sophisticate

sophistiquer
Meaning
to make something more complex or refined; to educate or develop in taste and manners
Example
Traveling abroad helped sophisticate his worldview.
Voyager à l'étranger a aidé à sophistiquer sa vision du monde.
C1 /splɪnt/

splint

attelle
Meaning
A rigid device used to support and immobilize a broken or injured body part.
Example
The doctor applied a splint to stabilize the patient's broken arm.
Le médecin a appliqué une attelle pour stabiliser le bras cassé du patient.
C1 noun səˌsɛp.təˈbɪl.ə.ti

susceptibility

sensibilité
Meaning
The quality of being likely to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing; vulnerability.
Example
High susceptibility to infections requires extra care.
Une susceptibilité élevée aux infections nécessite des soins supplémentaires.
C1 noun /səbˈmɜːrdʒəns/

submergence

immersion
Meaning
the act or process of being submerged or going underwater
Example
The submergence of coastal areas is a major concern due to rising sea levels.
L'immersion des zones côtières est une préoccupation majeure en raison de l'élévation du niveau de la mer.