rife
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C1 adjective /raɪf/

rife

répandu
Meaning
widespread or common, often in a negative sense
Example
Corruption was rife in the old government system.
La corruption était répandue dans l'ancien système gouvernemental.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɛsɪv/

recessive

récessif
Meaning
In genetics, relating to a trait that is expressed only when two copies of the gene are present.
Example
Blue eye color is often a recessive trait.
La couleur des yeux bleus est souvent un trait récessif.
C1 adjective /rɪˈtæl.i.ə.tɔːr.i/

retaliatory

represaille
Meaning
Taking action in response to another's action, characterized as punitive, revengeful, or counteractive.
Example
The country imposed retaliatory tariffs in response to trade sanctions.
Le pays a imposé des tarifs represailes en réponse aux sanctions commerciales.
C1 noun /rɪˌdʒuːvəˈneɪʃən/

rejuvenation

régénération
Meaning
The process of restoring something to a former better state, especially referring to renewing soil fertility or revitalizing agricultural land through various restoration practices.
Example
Rejuvenation of soil is necessary for sustainable agriculture.
La régénération du sol est nécessaire pour une agriculture durable.
C1 adjective /ˈrɛzənənt/

resonant

résonnant
Meaning
Deep, clear, and continuing to sound or echo.
Example
The resonant voice of the speaker filled the hall.
La voix résonnante du conférencier remplissait la salle.
C1 verb /rɪˈbʌt/

rebut

réfuter
Meaning
to argue against or prove wrong; to refute
Example
The lawyer rebutted the false accusations with strong evidence.
L'avocat a réfuté les fausses accusations avec des preuves solides.
C1 noun /rɪˈvʌlʃən/

revulsion

répulsion
Meaning
a strong feeling of disgust or repulsion
Example
She felt revulsion at the sight of the cruel act.
Elle a ressenti de la répulsion en voyant l'acte cruel.
C1 noun /roʊt/

rote

par cœur
Meaning
mechanical or habitual repetition, often without understanding
Example
He learned the poem by rote without understanding its meaning.
Il a appris le poème par cœur sans en comprendre le sens.
C1 noun /ˌrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

Ratification

ratification
Meaning
the action of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement
Example
The treaty required ratification by both countries' parliaments.
Le traité nécessitait la ratification par les parlements des deux pays.
C1 adjective /ˈrez.ə.luːt/

Resolute

résolu; déterminé; ferme
Meaning
determined; having a firm decision; unwavering
Example
She remained resolute in her decision to pursue her dreams.
Elle est restée résolue dans sa décision de poursuivre ses rêves.
C1 noun /rɪˈkɜr.əns/

Recurrence

récurrence
Meaning
the fact of something happening again; an instance of something happening again
Example
The doctor was concerned about the recurrence of the patient's symptoms.
Le médecin était préoccupé par la récurrence des symptômes du patient.
C1 noun rɪˈdɛmpʃən

redemption

rédemption
Meaning
The action of saving or being saved from sin, error, or evil.
Example
The story highlights the theme of redemption.
L'histoire met en avant le thème de la rédemption.
C1 verb /rɪˈtɑːrd/

retard

retarder / ralentir
Meaning
to delay or slow down the progress of something
Example
Lack of funds may retard the development of the project.
Le manque de fonds peut retarder le développement du projet.
C1 adjective /ˈreɡ.jʊ.lə.tər.i/

Regulatory

réglementaire
Meaning
Having the power to control or govern something through rules and regulations.
Example
The government enforces regulatory policies for financial stability.
Le gouvernement applique des politiques réglementaires pour la stabilité financière.
C1 adjective /rɪˈvoʊltɪŋ/

revolting

répugnant
Meaning
extremely unpleasant or disgusting
Example
The smell of the garbage was revolting.
L’odeur des ordures était répugnante.
C1 noun ˈrəʊvə

rover

rover
Meaning
A vehicle for driving over rough terrain, especially one driven by remote control over extraterrestrial terrain.
Example
The rover landed on Mars to begin its exploration.
Le rover a atterri sur Mars pour commencer son exploration.
C1 noun /ˈrɪɡər/

rigor

rigueur
Meaning
strictness, severity, or demanding conditions
Example
The training was carried out with great rigor.
L'entraînement a été effectué avec une grande rigueur.
C1 noun /rəˈpɪdəti/

rapidity

rapidité
Meaning
The quality of moving or happening quickly; swiftness or speed.
Example
The rapidity of technological change is astonishing.
La rapidité du changement technologique est étonnante.
C1 adjective ˈriːdʒən spəˈsɪfɪk

region-specific

spécifique à la région
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of a particular region or area.
Example
Climate change impacts are region-specific.
Les impacts du changement climatique sont spécifiques à la région.
C1 verb /reɪv/

rave

aduler
Meaning
to speak or write about something with great enthusiasm or admiration
Example
Critics rave about the new movie.
Les critiques adulent le nouveau film.
C1 adjective, noun /rɪˈsiːvəbl/

receivable

recouvrable
Meaning
Money that is owed to a company and is expected to be paid.
Example
The company's receivables increased significantly this quarter.
Les créances de l'entreprise ont considérablement augmenté ce trimestre.
C1 adjective /rɪˈpen.tənt/

Repentant

repentant; contrit; désolé
Meaning
feeling or expressing sincere regret and remorse; sorry for one's actions
Example
The repentant thief returned the stolen money.
Le voleur repentant a rendu l'argent volé.
C1 verb /riːˈpeɪ.tri.eɪt/

repatriate

rapatrier
Meaning
To return someone to their own country, often after war or imprisonment.
Example
The government worked to repatriate the refugees safely.
Le gouvernement a travaillé pour rapatrier les réfugiés en toute sécurité.
C1 noun rɪˌkuːpərˈeɪʃən

recuperation

récupération
Meaning
The process of gradually recovering from illness or fatigue
Example
Rest is essential for recuperation after illness.
Le repos est essentiel pour la récupération après une maladie.
C1 noun /rɪˈpraɪ.zəl/

Reprisal

reprisal
Meaning
an act of retaliation; revenge taken for an injury or wrong
Example
The attack was carried out as a reprisal for the earlier bombing.
L'attaque a été menée en représailles du bombardement précédent.
C1 noun ˌræʃ.ən.əl.ɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

rationalization

rationalisation
Meaning
The practice of finding reasons for behavior or actions that are not the real reasons.
Example
His rationalization of the mistake was not convincing.
Sa rationalisation de l'erreur n'était pas convaincante.
C1 adjective rɪˈsɛʃ.ən.er.i

recessionary

récessionnaire
Meaning
Relating to or characterized by economic recession.
Example
Governments introduce policies to counter recessionary effects.
Les gouvernements introduisent des politiques pour contrer les effets récessionnaires.
C1 noun /ˈrʌbəl/

rubble

débris
Meaning
Broken stone, bricks, or debris from a collapsed building or structure.
Example
The rescue team searched through the rubble after the earthquake.
L'équipe de sauvetage a cherché dans les débris après le tremblement de terre.
C1 adjective /ˈriː.fleks/

Reflex

réflexe
Meaning
an action performed without conscious thought; relating to reflection
Example
The doctor tested her reflex response by tapping her knee.
Le médecin a testé sa réponse réflexe en tapotant son genou.
C1 adjective /ˈreɪ.si/

racy

osé
Meaning
Lively, entertaining, or slightly shocking (especially in a sexual way).
Example
The novel was full of racy dialogues.
Le roman était plein de dialogues osés.
C1 noun /rɪˈflɛktər/

reflector

réflecteur
Meaning
A surface or device that reflects light, heat, or sound, often used to direct beams or improve visibility.
Example
The cyclist attached a red reflector to the back of his bike for safety.
Le cycliste a attaché un réflecteur rouge à l'arrière de son vélo pour sa sécurité.
C1 verb /ˌriːɪmˈbɜːrs/

reimburse

rembourser
Meaning
to pay back money to someone who has spent it or lost it
Example
The company reimbursed him for travel expenses.
L'entreprise lui a remboursé les frais de voyage.
C1 noun /rɪˈpɔːrtɪʒ/

reportage

reportage
Meaning
the act of reporting news or describing events in the media
Example
The magazine is known for its detailed reportage of political issues.
Le magazine est connu pour son reportage détaillé sur les questions politiques.
C1 verb /ˌrevəˈluːʃənaɪz/

revolutionize

révolutionner
Meaning
Change (something) radically or fundamentally.
Example
Artificial intelligence is set to revolutionize the healthcare sector.
L'intelligence artificielle est prête à révolutionner le secteur de la santé.
C1 verb /ˌriːˈmɒdəl/

remodel

remodeler
Meaning
To change the structure or form of something, especially a building.
Example
They decided to remodel their kitchen last summer.
Ils ont décidé de remodeler leur cuisine l'été dernier.
C1 verb /ˌriːˈkæst/

recast

recast
Meaning
To present or change something in a different form or style.
Example
The director decided to recast the role with a younger actor.
Le réalisateur a décidé de recaster le rôle avec un acteur plus jeune.
C1 adjective /rɪˈtaɪərɪŋ/

retiring

timide
Meaning
Shy and reserved; avoiding social contact.
Example
She is a quiet, retiring woman who avoids attention.
C'est une femme calme et timide qui évite l'attention.
C1 adjective /riˈæk.tɪv/

Reactive

réactif; chimiquement actif
Meaning
responding to situations rather than initiating them; chemically active
Example
The company took a reactive approach to customer complaints.
L'entreprise a adopté une approche réactive face aux plaintes des clients.
C1 adjective /ˈrɪvɪtɪŋ/

riveting

captivant
Meaning
extremely interesting; holding the complete attention
Example
The movie was so riveting that nobody looked away.
Le film était tellement captivant que personne n'a détourné les yeux.
C1 verb rɪˈplɛn.ɪʃ

replenish

reconstituer
Meaning
Fill something up again.
Example
Drinking water helps replenish lost fluids in the body.
Boire de l'eau aide à reconstituer les liquides perdus dans le corps.
C1 adjective /ˈroʊ.ɡɪʃ/

Roguish

espiègle; malicieux
Meaning
mischievous; playfully dishonest
Example
His roguish smile suggested he was up to some mischief.
Son sourire espiègle suggérait qu'il préparait une farce.
C1 adjective /ˌrɛprɪzɛnˈteɪʃənl̩/

representational

représentationnel
Meaning
Relating to or depicting something in a realistic or symbolic way.
Example
The artist preferred a representational style of painting.
L'artiste préférait un style de peinture représentationnel.
C1 noun /rɪˌsɛptɪˈvɪti/

receptivity

réceptivité
Meaning
The ability or willingness to receive something, especially signals or stimuli.
Example
Her receptivity to new ideas helped improve the project.
Sa réceptivité aux nouvelles idées a contribué à améliorer le projet.
C1 adverb /ˈrɪdʒɪdli/

Rigidly

rigidement; de manière inflexible
Meaning
in a strict, inflexible manner; without compromise
Example
The rules are rigidly enforced in this institution.
Les règles sont rigidement appliquées dans cette institution.
C1 noun /rɪˈliːf treɪn/

Relief Train

train de secours
Meaning
a train that carries emergency supplies and aid to disaster-affected areas
Example
The relief train arrived with food and medical supplies for the flood victims.
le train de secours est arrivé avec de la nourriture et des fournitures médicales pour les victimes de l'inondation.
C1 noun /ˈroʊz ˈwɔː.tər/

Rose-water

eau de rose
Meaning
a flavored water made by steeping rose petals in water, used in cooking and cosmetics
Example
She added a few drops of rose-water to the dessert.
Elle a ajouté quelques gouttes d'eau de rose au dessert.
C1 adjective /ˈruːfəl/

rueful

attristé
Meaning
Expressing sorrow, regret, or pity.
Example
He gave a rueful smile after losing the match.
Il a donné un sourire désespéré après avoir perdu le match.
C1 adjective /rɪˈflek.sɪv/

Reflexive

réflexif; introspectif
Meaning
directed back on itself; showing deep thought about oneself
Example
She became more reflexive about her behavior after the feedback.
Elle est devenue plus réflexive sur son comportement après les retours.
C1 noun /ˈrɛzɪn/

resin

résine
Meaning
a sticky organic substance, usually secreted by plants, often used in varnishes or plastics
Example
The craftsman used natural resin to make the sculpture shine.
L'artisan a utilisé de la résine naturelle pour faire briller la sculpture.
C1 adjective /ˈræmpənt/

rampant

rampant
Meaning
existing or spreading unchecked, often in an undesirable way
Example
Corruption was rampant in the city administration.
La corruption était rampante dans l'administration de la ville.
C1 noun ˈrez.ɪ.djuːz

residues

résidus
Meaning
A small amount of something that remains after the main part has gone or been taken or used.
Example
The burning process leaves no harmful residues.
Le processus de combustion ne laisse aucun résidu nocif.
C1 noun /ˈrʌfiən/

Ruffian

vaurien; personne violente;
Meaning
a violent person, especially one involved in crime; a brutal or lawless person
Example
The ruffian threatened the shopkeeper for money.
Le vaurien a menacé le commerçant pour de l'argent.
C1 noun /ˈrɑːstər/

roster

liste
Meaning
A list or plan showing people’s duties or times when they are scheduled.
Example
The manager updated the staff roster for next week.
Le gestionnaire a mis à jour la liste du personnel pour la semaine prochaine.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈproʊtʃ/

reproach

reproche / critique
Meaning
An expression of disapproval or disappointment; to criticize someone for doing wrong.
Example
She reproached him for arriving late to the meeting.
Elle lui a reproché d'arriver en retard à la réunion.
C1 verb /rɪˈsɜːrdʒ/

resurge

ressurgir
Meaning
To rise, increase, or become active again after a decline.
Example
Interest in traditional crafts has begun to resurge.
L'intérêt pour les métiers traditionnels a commencé à ressurgir.
C1 adjective /ˈrɪkɪti/

rickety

fragile
Meaning
Poorly made and likely to collapse; shaky.
Example
They crossed a rickety wooden bridge over the river.
Ils ont traversé un pont en bois fragile sur la rivière.
C1 noun /rʌk/

Ruck

pousser; foule désordonnée
Meaning
a situation where a crowd of people are pushing against each other; a disorderly crowd
Example
There was a ruck at the football match.
Il y a eu une bousculade lors du match de football.
C1 verb /ˌriːəˈdʒʌst/

readjust

réajuster
Meaning
To change or move something again in order to achieve a better fit, condition, or balance.
Example
He readjusted the chair to make it more comfortable.
Il a réajusté la chaise pour la rendre plus confortable.
C1 adjective /ˈraɪtfəl/

rightful

légitime
Meaning
having a legitimate or just claim; proper or lawful
Example
She is the rightful owner of the property.
Elle est la propriétaire légitime de la propriété.
C1 verb /rɪˈklaɪn/

recline

se replier
Meaning
To lean or lie back in a relaxed position.
Example
She reclined on the sofa with a book.
Elle s'est allongée sur le canapé avec un livre.
C1 noun /rɪˈtriː.vəl/

retrieval

récupération
Meaning
The process of getting something back, especially from storage or memory.
Example
The brain's retrieval system helps recall past experiences.
Le système de récupération du cerveau aide à se souvenir des expériences passées.
C1 verb /rɪˈtælieɪt/

retaliate

riposter
Meaning
to make an attack in return for a similar attack
Example
The army retaliated after the enemy attack.
L'armée a riposté après l'attaque ennemie.
C1 adjective /rɪˈmoʊtɪd/

remoted

distant
Meaning
placed at a distance; made remote
Example
The system was remoted to a secure location.
Le système a été éloigné vers un emplacement sécurisé.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɜːrdʒənt/

resurgent

resurgissant
Meaning
Becoming strong, active, or popular again.
Example
The resurgent economy gave hope to many businesses.
L'économie resurgissante a donné de l'espoir à de nombreuses entreprises.
C1 noun /ˈrɛtɪsəns/

reticence

réticence
Meaning
the quality of being reserved or unwilling to speak freely
Example
His reticence made it difficult to know what he was thinking.
Sa réticence rendait difficile de savoir ce qu'il pensait.
C1 noun /ˈrɛz.ə.nəns/

resonance

résonance
Meaning
A deep, reverberating sound or a quality of evoking response.
Example
His speech had a deep resonance with the audience.
Son discours avait une profonde résonance avec le public.
C1 noun ˈrɛp.ə.twɑːr

repertoire

répertoire
Meaning
A stock of plays, dances, or pieces that a company or a performer knows or is prepared to perform.
Example
The actor's repertoire includes both comedy and drama.
Le répertoire de l'acteur comprend à la fois la comédie et le drame.
C1 verb /rɪˈpiːl/

repeal

abroger
Meaning
To officially cancel or revoke a law or decision.
Example
The government decided to repeal the outdated law.
Le gouvernement a décidé d'abroger la loi obsolète.
C1 noun /ˌrɛfjʊˈteɪʃən/

refutation

réfutation
Meaning
The act of proving a statement or argument to be false or incorrect.
Example
Her essay was a strong refutation of the opposing theory.
Son essai était une forte réfutation de la théorie opposée.
C1 noun ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən.ər.i ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv

revolutionary initiative

initiative révolutionnaire
Meaning
A groundbreaking action or plan that brings about significant change or transformation.
Example
The revolutionary initiative promotes sustainable energy.
L'initiative révolutionnaire promeut l'énergie durable.
C1 adjective /rɪˈzɪdjuəl/

residual

résiduel
Meaning
Remaining after the greater part has gone.
Example
The patient experienced residual pain after the surgery.
Le patient a ressenti une douleur résiduelle après la chirurgie.
C1 noun /rɪˈteɪnər/

retainer

avance / appareil de maintien
Meaning
a fee paid in advance to secure someone's services, or a device that holds something in place
Example
The lawyer asked for a retainer before taking the case.
L'avocat a demandé un avance avant de prendre l'affaire.
C1 noun ˈremnənts

remnants

restes
Meaning
A small remaining quantity of something; a surviving trace.
Example
The remnants of the wall are still visible.
Les restes du mur sont toujours visibles.
C1 adjective /ˈreɪdiənt/

radiant

radieux / radieuse
Meaning
Shining brightly; expressing great happiness.
Example
She looked radiant in her wedding dress.
Elle avait l'air radieuse dans sa robe de mariée.
C1 noun /ˈrɛdʒɪmənt/

regiment

Meaning
A permanent unit of an army, typically commanded by a colonel and divided into several companies.
Example
The regiment marched proudly through the streets after returning from the mission.
C1 noun /rɪˈtrækʃən/

retraction

rétractation
Meaning
the act of taking back a statement, promise, or belief
Example
The newspaper issued a retraction of the false report.
Le journal a publié une rétractation du faux rapport.
C1 verb /rɪˈɡrɛs/

regress

régresser
Meaning
To return to a former or less developed state.
Example
Without proper guidance, the child's progress began to regress.
Sans une direction appropriée, les progrès de l'enfant ont commencé à régresser.
C1 noun /ˌrɛmɪˈnɪsəns/

reminiscence

réminiscence
Meaning
a story or memory about past events
Example
He shared a reminiscence of his childhood days in the village.
Il a partagé une réminiscence de ses jours d'enfance dans le village.
C1 noun /rɪˈkluːs/

recluse

reclus
Meaning
A person who lives alone and avoids other people; someone who lives a solitary life.
Example
The old man lived as a recluse in the mountains.
L'homme âgé vivait comme un reclus dans les montagnes.
C1 verb /rɪˈprɛs/

repress

réprimer
Meaning
To restrain, suppress, or keep under control, especially emotions or desires.
Example
He tried to repress his anger during the meeting.
Il a essayé de réprimer sa colère pendant la réunion.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈpriːv/

reprieve

délai temporaire / suspension de la punition
Meaning
A temporary relief or delay from something unpleasant; to postpone or cancel punishment.
Example
The prisoner was granted a last-minute reprieve from execution.
Le prisonnier a obtenu un sursis de dernière minute avant l'exécution.
C1 verb /ˈrevəl/

revel

se réjouir
Meaning
to enjoy oneself in a lively and noisy way; to take great pleasure in
Example
They revel in their success.
Ils se régalent de leur succès.
C1 adjective /ˈræb.ɪd/

rabid

enragé
Meaning
Having extreme or fanatical support for something; relating to or suffering from rabies.
Example
He was a rabid fan of the football team.
Il était un fan enragé de l'équipe de football.
C1 verb /rænt/

rant

rager
Meaning
to speak or shout in an angry, uncontrolled way
Example
He ranted about the unfair treatment at work.
Il a crié à propos du traitement injuste au travail.
C1 verb ˈrɛk.tɪ.faɪ

rectify

rectifier
Meaning
To correct mistakes or make something right.
Example
The company took steps to rectify its financial mistakes.
L'entreprise a pris des mesures pour rectifier ses erreurs financières.
C1 verb /ˈrævɪdʒ/

ravage

ravager
Meaning
to cause severe and extensive damage or destruction
Example
The hurricane ravaged the coastal villages.
L'ouragan a ravagé les villages côtiers.
C1 verb /rɪˈdrɛs/

redress

réparer
Meaning
to set right, remedy, or compensate for a wrong or grievance
Example
The company promised to redress the complaints of its customers.
La société a promis de réparer les plaintes de ses clients.
C1 verb /ˈrætɪfaɪ/

ratify

ratifier
Meaning
to approve or confirm something officially, usually by law or formal consent
Example
The government ratified the trade agreement.
Le gouvernement a ratifié l'accord commercial.
C1 verb /rɪˈtrækt/

retract

retirer
Meaning
to withdraw a statement, promise, or part of the body; to pull back
Example
The company retracted its earlier statement after realizing the error.
L'entreprise a retiré sa déclaration antérieure après avoir réalisé l'erreur.
C1 noun /rɪˈvɜːrʒən/

reversion

réversion
Meaning
the act of returning to a previous state or condition
Example
The new policy marked a reversion to traditional methods.
La nouvelle politique a marqué une réversion vers des méthodes traditionnelles.
C1 noun /rəˈviːn/

ravine

ravin
Meaning
A deep, narrow valley with steep sides.
Example
The river carved a deep ravine through the mountains.
La rivière a creusé un ravin profond à travers les montagnes.
C1 noun /ˈrɛɡjəleɪtər/

regulator

régulateur
Meaning
a person or device that controls or maintains the operation of a system
Example
The government appointed a new regulator for the financial sector.
Le gouvernement a nommé un nouveau régulateur pour le secteur financier.
C1 verb /ˈreɪdieɪt/

radiate

rayonner
Meaning
to emit energy or light; to spread out from a center
Example
The fireplace radiates warmth throughout the room.
La cheminée rayonne de chaleur dans toute la pièce.
C1 adjective /ˈræɡ.ɪd/

Ragged

déchiré; usé; en haillons
Meaning
torn; tattered; frayed; shabby
Example
The homeless man wore ragged clothes.
L'homme sans abri portait des vêtements déchirés.
C1 noun /ˈreɪdiəns/

radiance

radiance
Meaning
the quality of shining with bright light; a glowing or beaming quality
Example
Her face was filled with radiance after hearing the good news.
Son visage était rempli de radiance après avoir entendu les bonnes nouvelles.
C1 verb /rɪˈmjuːnəreɪt/

remunerate

rémunérer
Meaning
To pay someone for services or work done.
Example
The company will remunerate employees fairly for their overtime.
L'entreprise rémunérera équitablement les employés pour leurs heures supplémentaires.
C1 adjective /rɪˈzɪstɪv/

resistive

résistif
Meaning
tending to resist or oppose; in physics, relating to electrical resistance
Example
The material has resistive properties that slow down current flow.
Le matériau possède des propriétés résistives qui ralentissent le flux de courant.
C1 noun /rɪˈspɒnsɪvnəs/

responsiveness

réactivité
Meaning
The quality of reacting quickly and positively
Example
The manager appreciated her responsiveness to customer feedback.
Le manager a apprécié sa réactivité aux retours des clients.
C1 verb /rɪˈsʌsɪteɪt/

resuscitate

ressusciter
Meaning
to revive someone from unconsciousness or apparent death
Example
The doctors tried to resuscitate the patient after the heart attack.
Les médecins ont essayé de ressusciter le patient après l'attaque cardiaque.
C1 adjective /rɪˈtɔːrɪkəl/

rhetorical

rhétorique
Meaning
relating to the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing; often a question asked to make a point rather than get an answer
Example
He asked a rhetorical question during the debate.
Il a posé une question rhétorique pendant le débat.
C1 noun /rɪˌtæl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/

Retaliation

représailles
Meaning
the action of returning a military attack; counterattack; revenge for an injury or wrong
Example
The country threatened retaliation against any act of aggression.
Le pays a menacé de représailles contre tout acte d'agression.
C1 noun ˌriːˌvaɪ.təl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

revitalization

revitalisation
Meaning
The action of giving new life and vitality to something.
Example
Proper rest and nutrition lead to revitalization of the body.
Un repos adéquat et une bonne nutrition conduisent à la revitalisation du corps.
C1 noun /ˈrʌmpəs/

Rumpus

tumulte; agitation; bruit
Meaning
a noisy disturbance; an uproar or commotion
Example
The children caused quite a rumpus in the playground.
Les enfants ont causé un sacré bruit dans la cour de récréation.
C1 noun /ˈræʃən/

ration

ration
Meaning
a fixed amount of something, especially food, officially allowed to each person
Example
During the war, each family received a weekly ration of rice.
Pendant la guerre, chaque famille recevait une ration hebdomadaire de riz.
C1 noun /rɪft/

rift

fissure
Meaning
a serious break in a relationship; a split or crack
Example
A rift developed between the two friends after the argument.
Une fissure s'est développée entre les deux amis après la dispute.
C1 verb /ˈrɪvɪt/

rivet

fixer avec une rivet / capturer l'attention
Meaning
to fasten or secure with a rivet; to hold someone’s attention firmly
Example
The craftsman riveted the metal plates together.
L'artisan a riveté les plaques métalliques ensemble.
C1 noun /ˈrɪpəl/

Ripple

vague
Meaning
a small wave on the surface of water; a spreading effect or influence
Example
The stone created ripples across the calm pond.
La pierre a créé des vagues à la surface du lac calme.
C1 verb /ˌriːəˈfɜːrm/

reaffirm

réaffirmer
Meaning
To state again strongly; to confirm or strengthen a statement or belief.
Example
The president reaffirmed his commitment to education reform.
Le président a réaffirmé son engagement envers la réforme de l’éducation.
C1 noun /rɔ ˈtɜrmərɪk/

Raw Turmeric

curcuma frais
Meaning
fresh unprocessed root of the turmeric plant used as a spice and medicine
Example
Grate raw turmeric into the curry for authentic flavor.
Râpez du curcuma frais dans le curry pour une saveur authentique.
C1 verb /ˌriːhəˈbɪlɪteɪt/

rehabilitate

réhabiliter
Meaning
to restore someone to health, normal life, or a good condition after illness, injury, or imprisonment
Example
The clinic helps rehabilitate injured athletes.
La clinique aide à réhabiliter les athlètes blessés.
C1 verb /ˈrek.ən.saɪl/

reconcile

réconcilier, harmoniser, faire la paix
Meaning
Restore friendly relations between; cause to coexist in harmony.
Example
They tried to reconcile their differences through open communication.
Ils ont essayé de réconcilier leurs différends par une communication ouverte.
C1 noun /ˌrek.ənˌsɪl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/

reconciliation

réconciliation
Meaning
The restoration of friendly relations; the action of making one view or belief compatible with another.
Example
The peace treaty was a major step toward reconciliation.
Le traité de paix a été une étape importante vers la réconciliation.
C1 adjective /ˈrævənəs/

ravenous

affamé
Meaning
Extremely hungry; famished.
Example
After the long hike, she was ravenous and ate quickly.
Après la longue randonnée, elle était affamée et a mangé rapidement.
C1 verb /riˈdʒɔɪn/

rejoin

réintégrer
Meaning
to join again or return to a group, place, or activity
Example
After a short break, she decided to rejoin the team.
Après une courte pause, elle a décidé de réintégrer l'équipe.
C1 noun /rɪdʒ/

ridge

crête ou sommet d'une montagne
Meaning
a long, narrow hilltop, mountain range, or raised strip
Example
We walked along the mountain ridge.
Nous avons marché le long de la crête de la montagne.
C1 noun /ˌrɛpəˈreɪʃən/

reparation

réparation
Meaning
the making of amends for a wrong done by paying money or helping those who were wronged
Example
The government offered reparations to the victims of the conflict.
Le gouvernement a offert des réparations aux victimes du conflit.
C1 noun /ˈreɪ.biːz/

rabies

rage
Meaning
A viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals, usually transmitted through animal bites.
Example
The dog was vaccinated against rabies.
Le chien a été vacciné contre la rage.
C1 noun /ˈrɛtrəsˌpɛkt/

retrospect

rétrospection
Meaning
the act of looking back on or reviewing past events
Example
In retrospect, the decision seemed unwise.
En rétrospective, la décision semblait imprudente.
C1 verb /rɪˈtreɪs/

retrace

revenir sur un chemin ou une route, rappeler et répéter les étapes précédentes
Meaning
to go back over a path or route; to recall and repeat steps taken earlier
Example
She retraced her steps to find her lost keys.
Elle a retracé ses pas pour retrouver ses clés perdues.
C1 noun /ˌrɛtrɪˈbjuːʃən/

retribution

vengeance, punition
Meaning
punishment inflicted as vengeance for a wrong or crime
Example
The villagers demanded retribution for the crime committed.
Les villageois ont exigé une vengeance pour le crime commis.
C1 verb /ˈruː.mɪ.neɪt/

ruminate

ruminer, réfléchir profondément
Meaning
to think deeply about something; to chew cud (for animals)
Example
She sat alone to ruminate on her decision.
Elle s'est assise seule pour ruminer sa décision.