petulant
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C1 adjective /ˈpɛtjʊlənt/

petulant

irritable
Meaning
Childishly sulky or bad-tempered.
Example
The child became petulant when denied more candy.
L'enfant est devenu irritable lorsqu'on lui a refusé plus de bonbons.
C1 noun /prɪˈzʌmp.ʃən/

Presumption

présomption; supposition;
Meaning
an idea that is taken to be true without proof
Example
There is a presumption of innocence in the legal system.
Il y a une présomption d'innocence dans le système juridique.
C1 adjective prəˈtræk.tɪd

protracted

prolongé, long, étendu
Meaning
Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual.
Example
The negotiations were protracted over months.
Les négociations ont duré des mois.
C1 noun /ˈpɪɡmənt/

pigment

pigment
Meaning
a natural or artificial substance used to give color to something
Example
The artist mixed different pigments to create the perfect shade of blue.
L'artiste a mélangé différents pigments pour créer la teinte parfaite de bleu.
C1 verb pleɪɡd

plagued

affligé
Meaning
Troubled or afflicted persistently by problems or difficulties.
Example
People are plagued by anxiety and depression.
Les gens sont affligés par l'anxiété et la dépression.
C1 noun /pʌnˈdʒɑː.bi/

Punjabi

punjabi
Meaning
a traditional long shirt worn in South Asia, typically loose-fitting
Example
He wore a white punjabi for the festival celebration.
Il portait un punjabi blanc pour la célébration du festival.
C1 noun ˈprɛvələns

prevalence

prévalence
Meaning
The fact or condition of being widespread; the extent to which something exists or occurs
Example
The prevalence of aging issues requires immediate attention.
La prévalence des problèmes liés au vieillissement nécessite une attention immédiate.
C1 verb /priːˈɛmpt/

pre-empt

prévenir à l'avance
Meaning
to act in advance to prevent an anticipated event from happening; forestall
Example
The government moved to pre-empt a crisis by introducing new policies.
Le gouvernement a agi pour prévenir une crise en introduisant de nouvelles politiques.
C1 noun /ˈprɒfəsi/

prophecy

prophétie
Meaning
a prediction or message about the future, often believed to be divinely inspired
Example
The prophecy foretold the rise of a great leader.
La prophétie annonçait l'ascension d'un grand leader.
C1 noun ˌpriːˌɒkjʊˈpeɪʃən

preoccupation

préoccupation
Meaning
The state of being absorbed in thought; mental distraction.
Example
His preoccupation with work led to neglecting his personal life.
Sa préoccupation pour le travail a conduit à négliger sa vie personnelle.
C1 noun /plʊəˈrælɪti/

plurality

pluralité ou majorité
Meaning
the state of being multiple; the greater part or majority
Example
In the election, she won by a plurality of votes.
Lors de l'élection, elle a gagné par une pluralité de voix.
C1 adjective /prɪˈkoʊʃəs/

precocious

prématuré
Meaning
Showing advanced development or maturity at an unusually early age.
Example
The precocious child was reading novels at the age of five.
L'enfant prématuré lisait des romans à l'âge de cinq ans.
C1 adjective /pæˈseɪ/

passe

démodé; hors de mode
Meaning
no longer fashionable or current; out of date
Example
Some trends from last decade feel utterly passé now.
Certaines tendances du dernier siècle semblent désormais complètement démodées.
C1 adjective /ˌpɜːrpənˈdɪkjələr/

perpendicular

perpendiculaire
Meaning
At an angle of 90 degrees to a given line, plane, or surface.
Example
The ladder was placed perpendicular to the ground for safety.
L'échelle a été placée perpendiculaire au sol pour des raisons de sécurité.
C1 adjective /ˈpɒs.tʃə.məs/

Posthumous

posthume
Meaning
occurring or continuing after death; published after the author's death
Example
The author received a posthumous award for his last novel.
L'auteur a reçu un prix posthume pour son dernier roman.
C1 noun /prəˈpɛlənt/

propellant

propulseur
Meaning
A substance that drives or pushes something forward, especially fuel in rockets or engines.
Example
The rocket uses a liquid propellant to launch into space.
La fusée utilise un propulseur liquide pour se lancer dans l'espace.
C1 verb প্রিসিপিটেট

precipitate

précipiter
Meaning
To fall from the sky as rain, snow, or other forms of water.
Example
Vapor precipitates as rain in warmer climates.
La vapeur précipite sous forme de pluie dans les climats plus chauds.
C1 adjective /ˈpʌlməˌneri/

pulmonary

pulmonaire
Meaning
relating to the lungs
Example
The patient suffered from a serious pulmonary infection.
The patient suffered from a serious pulmonary infection.
C1 noun /pəˈtɜːrnəti/

paternity

paternité
Meaning
The state of being someone's father.
Example
He demanded a paternity test to confirm his relationship with the child.
Il a exigé un test de paternité pour confirmer sa relation avec l'enfant.
C1 adjective /priˈɛmptɪv/

preemptive

préventif
Meaning
Serving or intended to prevent something by taking action first.
Example
The government took preemptive measures to control inflation.
Le gouvernement a pris des mesures préventives pour contrôler l'inflation.
C1 adjective /ˌpæn.əˈræm.ɪk/

panoramic

vue panoramique
Meaning
Giving a wide view of an extensive area in all directions.
Example
The hotel offers panoramic views of the ocean.
L'hôtel offre des vues panoramiques de l'océan.
C1 adjective /ˈpraɪ.məl/

primal

primitif, fondamental
Meaning
Relating to the earliest stage of development; essential or fundamental.
Example
Fear is one of the most primal emotions humans experience.
La peur est l'une des émotions les plus primales que les humains ressentent.
C1 noun /ˈpiː.kɒk ˈflaʊ.ər/

Peacock flower

fleur de paon
Meaning
a tropical tree with bright orange and red flowers that resemble a peacock's tail
Example
The peacock flower tree blooms with stunning orange flowers in summer.
L'arbre de fleur de paon fleurit avec des fleurs orange éclatantes en été.
C1 noun ˌprɒf.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

profitability

rentabilité
Meaning
The degree to which a business or activity yields profit or financial gain.
Example
Increasing sales and reducing costs boosted profitability.
L'augmentation des ventes et la réduction des coûts ont amélioré la rentabilité.
C1 adjective /ˈpɑːndərəs/

ponderous

lourd et lent
Meaning
slow and clumsy because of great weight; dull and labored
Example
The ponderous lecture made it hard for students to stay awake.
Le cours lourd et lent rendait difficile pour les étudiants de rester éveillés.
C1 noun /ˈpɑːrtʃmənt/

parchment

parchemin
Meaning
a thin material made from animal skin, used in the past for writing
Example
The ancient manuscript was written on parchment.
Le manuscrit ancien a été écrit sur du parchemin.
C1 noun /ˈplʌn.dər.ər/

Plunderer

pilleur
Meaning
a person who steals goods, especially during war or civil disorder
Example
The plunderers ransacked the village after the battle.
Les pilleurs ont saccagé le village après la bataille.
C1 verb /ˈpæri/

parry

parer une attaque
Meaning
to ward off or deflect an attack, especially in fencing or conversation
Example
He managed to parry the opponent’s sword with quick reflexes.
Il a réussi à parer l'épée de l'adversaire avec des réflexes rapides.
C1 adjective /ˌfɪl.hɑːrˈmɒn.ɪk/

philharmonic

relatif à un orchestre symphonique
Meaning
relating to a symphony orchestra or its music
Example
The philharmonic orchestra performed a stunning rendition of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.
L'orchestre philharmonique a réalisé une interprétation impressionnante de la Neuvième Symphonie de Beethoven.
C1 noun /ˌprəʊ.baɪˈɒt.ɪks/

probiotics

probiotiques
Meaning
Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host, especially for digestive health.
Example
Probiotics improve digestion and enhance gut health.
Les probiotiques améliorent la digestion et favorisent la santé intestinale.
C1 noun /prəˌlɪf.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

proliferation

prolifération
Meaning
Rapid increase in the number or amount of something; rapid multiplication or growth.
Example
The proliferation of malware is a growing concern.
La prolifération des logiciels malveillants est une préoccupation croissante.
C1 noun /ˈpɔːpər/

pauper

mendiant
Meaning
A very poor person.
Example
The pauper begged for food on the street corner.
Le mendiant a demandé de la nourriture au coin de la rue.
C1 adjective /fəˈnɛtɪk/

phonetic

phonétique
Meaning
relating to the sounds of speech or pronunciation
Example
The teacher taught the students the phonetic spelling of difficult words.
Le professeur a enseigné aux élèves l'orthographe phonétique des mots difficiles.
C1 noun /ˈpɛdəstəl/

pedestal

socle / piédestal
Meaning
the base or support on which a statue or object stands
Example
The statue was placed on a marble pedestal.
La statue a été placée sur un piédestal en marbre.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊtənsi/

potency

puissance
Meaning
The power or ability of something to affect or influence; strength or effectiveness.
Example
The potency of the new medicine amazed the doctors.
La puissance du nouveau médicament a étonné les médecins.
C1 adjective /ˈpeɪnzˌteɪkɪŋ/

painstaking

avec soin
Meaning
Done with great care and thoroughness.
Example
The artist completed the project with painstaking detail.
L'artiste a terminé le projet avec beaucoup de soin.
C1 noun /ˈpluː.mɪdʒ/

plumage

plumage
Meaning
the feathers covering a bird's body
Example
The peacock's plumage was vibrant and eye-catching.
Le plumage du paon était vibrant et frappant.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːʃən/

Persian

personne originaire d'Iran ou parlant le persan
Meaning
a native or inhabitant of Iran; the language spoken in Iran (Farsi)
Example
The Persian language has a rich literary history.
La langue persane a une riche histoire littéraire.
C1 noun /pəˈzɛsər/

possessor

détenteur
Meaning
A person who owns or holds something.
Example
The possessor of the land built a new house.
Le détenteur de la terre a construit une nouvelle maison.
C1 noun /ˈplɛθərə/

plethora

une quantité excessive
Meaning
an excessive amount of something
Example
She has a plethora of books on her shelf.
Elle a une quantité excessive de livres sur son étagère.
C1 adjective /prɪˈsɪpɪtəs/

precipitous

pentu ou soudain
Meaning
Extremely steep or sudden; done quickly without careful consideration.
Example
The hikers struggled to climb the precipitous slope.
Les randonneurs ont eu du mal à grimper la pente pentue.
C1 adjective /prəˈfɛtɪk/

prophetic

prophétique
Meaning
accurately predicting or describing what will happen in the future
Example
His prophetic words came true after many years.
Ses paroles prophétiques se sont réalisées après de nombreuses années.
C1 noun /ˈprɛsɪdəns/ or /prɪˈsiːdəns/

precedence

prédominance
Meaning
the condition of being considered more important than someone or something else; priority
Example
Safety takes precedence over speed in this factory.
La sécurité prime sur la vitesse dans cette usine.
C1 adjective /pərˈpɔːrtɪd/

purported

présumé
Meaning
alleged or claimed to be true, often without proof
Example
The purported evidence was later proven false.
La preuve présumée a ensuite été prouvée fausse.
C1 adjective ˈpɪv.ə.təl

pivotal

crucial
Meaning
Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.
Example
Renewable energy plays a pivotal role in sustainability.
L'énergie renouvelable joue un rôle crucial dans la durabilité.
C1 verb /pərˈsɑːnɪfaɪ/

personify

bonheur
Meaning
To represent or embody a quality, idea, or concept in human form.
Example
She personifies kindness and generosity.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 adjective /pərˈmɪsəbl̩/

permissible

permis
Meaning
allowed or permitted by rules or law
Example
It is permissible to park here after 6 p.m.
Il est permis de se garer ici après 18h.
C1 noun /ˌpærəˈnɔɪə/

paranoia

peur irrationnelle et persistante que les gens cherchent à vous nuire ou vous observent constamment
Meaning
an irrational and persistent feeling that people are 'out to get you' or are constantly watching you
Example
His constant paranoia made it hard for him to trust anyone.
Sa paranoïa constante rendait difficile de faire confiance à qui que ce soit.
C1 noun /ˌprɒk.ləˈmeɪ.ʃən/

Proclamation

proclamation
Meaning
an official public announcement, especially one made by someone in authority
Example
The king issued a proclamation declaring peace.
Le roi a publié une proclamation déclarant la paix.
C1 noun /ˈpɛsəl/

pestle

pilon
Meaning
A heavy tool with a rounded end used for crushing or grinding substances in a mortar.
Example
She used a pestle to grind the spices.
Elle a utilisé un pilon pour moudre les épices.
C1 noun /pəˈfjuː.mər.i/

perfumery

industrie de la parfumerie
Meaning
the art, business, or products of making perfumes
Example
She works in a perfumery that creates luxury scents.
Elle travaille dans une parfumerie qui crée des senteurs de luxe.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔɪ.njənt/

poignant

émouvant, poignant
Meaning
evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret; deeply touching
Example
The movie's ending was so poignant that many in the audience were moved to tears.
La fin du film était tellement émouvante que beaucoup dans le public ont été émus aux larmes.
C1 noun /ˈpɛndjələm/

pendulum

pendule
Meaning
A weight suspended from a pivot so that it swings freely, often used to regulate clocks.
Example
The pendulum swung back and forth inside the clock.
Le pendule oscillait d'avant en arrière à l'intérieur de l'horloge.
C1 noun /ˈpɔːrsəlɪn/

porcelain

porcelaine
Meaning
A white, hard ceramic material often used for dishes and ornaments.
Example
The museum displayed ancient porcelain vases from China.
Le musée a exposé des vases anciens en porcelaine de Chine.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪθ.i/

pithy

concis et significatif
Meaning
concise and meaningful; full of substance
Example
She gave a pithy comment that summarized the issue perfectly.
Elle a fait un commentaire concis qui résumait parfaitement la question.
C1 noun /pləˈsiːboʊ/

placebo

placebo
Meaning
a substance with no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs
Example
The patient was given a placebo to compare the effect of the real drug.
Le patient a reçu un placebo pour comparer l'effet du médicament réel.
C1 noun /ˌpiːdiˈætrɪks/

pediatrics

pédiatrie
Meaning
the branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical care of children
Example
She decided to specialize in pediatrics after medical school.
Elle a décidé de se spécialiser en pédiatrie après l'école de médecine.
C1 verb /priːn/

preen

se préparer
Meaning
To groom or dress oneself with care; to show pride in one's appearance.
Example
She preened in front of the mirror before leaving for the party.
Elle se préparait devant le miroir avant de partir pour la fête.
C1 verb /prɪˈkluːd/

preclude

empêcher
Meaning
To prevent something from happening; to make impossible.
Example
Heavy rain precluded the possibility of a picnic.
La forte pluie a empêché la possibilité d'un pique-nique.
C1 adjective /prəˈsiːdʒərəl/

procedural

procédural
Meaning
Relating to an established or official way of doing something; concerned with procedure.
Example
The committee followed the procedural rules strictly.
Le comité a suivi strictement les règles procédurales.
C1 noun /ˈprɒvɪdəns/

providence

providence divine
Meaning
the protective care of God or nature as a spiritual power; foresight or prudence
Example
They believed their survival was due to divine providence.
Ils croyaient que leur survie était due à la providence divine.
C1 noun, verb /pliːt/

pleat

pli
Meaning
a fold in fabric made by doubling the material back upon itself
Example
She added a pleat to the skirt for extra volume.
Elle a ajouté un pli à la jupe pour plus de volume.
C1 verb /ˈpoʊ.lə.raɪz/

polarize

polariser
Meaning
to divide or cause to divide into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs
Example
The controversial decision polarized public opinion.
La décision controversée a divisé l'opinion publique en deux groupes opposés.
C1 adjective /praɪˈmɔːrdiəl/

primordial

primaire
Meaning
Existing at or from the beginning of time; fundamental and original.
Example
Scientists study the primordial soup from which life emerged.
Les scientifiques étudient la soupe primordiale dont la vie a émergé.
C1 verb /prəˈkræs.tɪ.neɪt/

procrastinate

procrastiner, remettre à plus tard, retarder
Meaning
To delay or postpone action; to put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness.
Example
He tends to procrastinate when facing difficult tasks.
Il a tendance à procrastiner lorsqu'il fait face à des tâches difficiles.
C1 adjective /ˈpʊʃi/

pushy

insistant
Meaning
excessively assertive or aggressive, often annoyingly so
Example
The salesperson was too pushy, which drove customers away.
Le vendeur était trop insistant, ce qui a fait fuir les clients.
C1 noun /pɛnˈtæθlɒn/

pentathlon

pentathlon
Meaning
An athletic contest featuring five different events.
Example
She trained hard to compete in the modern pentathlon.
Elle s'est entraînée dur pour participer au pentathlon moderne.
C1 adjective /ˈpʌn.dʒənt/

Pungent

piquant
Meaning
sharp; strong-smelling; acrid;
Example
The pungent smell of garlic filled the kitchen.
L'odeur piquante de l'ail a envahi la cuisine.
C1 noun /pərˈvɜr.sə.ti/

Perversity

perversité; obstination;
Meaning
deliberate determination to behave in an unreasonable or unacceptable way; the quality of being contrary or obstinate
Example
His perversity in refusing help frustrated everyone.
sa perversité en refusant l'aide a frustré tout le monde.
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrsɪkjuːt/

persecute

bonheur
Meaning
to treat someone cruelly or unfairly, especially because of their religion, race, or beliefs
Example
Many people were persecuted for their faith during that time.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 verb /ˈpɪlɪdʒ/

pillage

piller
Meaning
to rob or plunder a place, especially during war
Example
The invading army pillaged the village and took all valuables.
L'armée envahissante a pillé le village et a pris tous les objets précieux.
C1 adjective /pərˈsɛptɪv/

perceptive

bonheur
Meaning
Having or showing keen insight, understanding, or awareness.
Example
She is very perceptive and quickly notices when something is wrong.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪər.ləs/

Peerless

incomparable; sans égal; sans rival
Meaning
unequaled; having no match or equal; without rival
Example
Her peerless beauty captivated everyone.
Sa beauté incomparable a captivé tout le monde.
C1 noun /saɪˈkoʊsɪs/

psychosis

psychose
Meaning
A severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are impaired, leading to a loss of contact with reality.
Example
The patient was diagnosed with psychosis after experiencing hallucinations.
Le patient a été diagnostiqué avec une psychose après avoir expérimenté des hallucinations.
C1 verb /pəˈruːz/

peruse

bonheur
Meaning
to read something carefully and thoroughly; sometimes used to mean to browse casually
Example
She sat down to peruse the contract before signing it.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun /ˈpæs.ɪ.fɪst/

pacifist

pacifiste
Meaning
a person who believes in peace and opposes war or violence
Example
She is a committed pacifist who campaigns against armed conflict.
Elle est une pacifiste engagée qui fait campagne contre les conflits armés.
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrpətreɪt/

perpetrate

commettre
Meaning
To commit or carry out, typically a harmful, illegal, or immoral act.
Example
The hackers perpetrated a massive cyber attack on the company.
Les hackers ont perpétré une attaque massive contre l'entreprise.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊlstər/

pollster

sondeur
Meaning
a person or organization that conducts surveys to gauge public opinion
Example
The pollster predicted a close election outcome.
Le sondeur a prédit un résultat électoral serré.
C1 adjective /proʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/

prosaic

prosaïque
Meaning
ordinary, dull, or lacking imagination
Example
The teacher’s explanation was accurate but rather prosaic.
L'explication du professeur était précise, mais plutôt prosaïque.
C1 noun ˈprɒdʒ.ə.ni

progeny

descendance, progéniture, héritiers
Meaning
A descendant or the descendants of a person, animal, or plant; offspring.
Example
The philosopher's teachings have influenced many generations of progeny.
Les enseignements du philosophe ont influencé de nombreuses générations de progéniture.
C1 adjective /prəˈhɪbɪtɪv/

prohibitive

interdit
Meaning
Too high or expensive to be affordable; serving to prevent or discourage action.
Example
The cost of the medication is prohibitive for many families.
Le coût du médicament est trop élevé pour de nombreuses familles.
C1 noun prəˈpɛn.sə.ti

propensity

propension ou tendance naturelle
Meaning
An inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way.
Example
He has a propensity for taking risks in business.
Il a une propension à prendre des risques dans les affaires.
C1 noun /pluːm/

plume

une grande plume douce ou quelque chose qui ressemble à une plume
Meaning
a large, soft feather or something resembling a feather
Example
The soldier wore a red plume on his helmet.
Le soldat portait une plume rouge sur son casque.
C1 noun ˈpær.ə.daɪm

paradigm

paradigme
Meaning
A typical example or pattern of something; a model or framework for understanding or approaching something.
Example
The paradigm of education is changing with digital technology.
Le paradigme de l'éducation change avec la technologie numérique.
C1 verb /ˈpɜːmieɪt/

permeate

perméer, envahir, se propager
Meaning
Spread throughout (something); pervade.
Example
The scent of fresh flowers permeated the entire room.
Le parfum des fleurs fraîches a pénétré toute la pièce.
C1 adjective /pləˈtɒnɪk/

platonic

platonique
Meaning
relating to a close relationship that is not romantic or sexual
Example
They have a platonic friendship that has lasted for years.
Ils ont une amitié platonique qui dure depuis des années.
C1 adjective prɪˈkeə.ri.əs

precarious

précaire
Meaning
Not securely held or in position; dependent on chance; uncertain.
Example
His financial situation is precarious.
Sa situation financière est précaire.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrɡəˌtɔːri/

purgatory

un lieu ou un état de souffrance habité par les âmes des pécheurs expiant leurs péchés avant d'aller au paradis
Meaning
A place or state of suffering inhabited by the souls of sinners who are expiating their sins before going to heaven; a temporary condition of torment or suffering.
Example
After the accident, the long recovery felt like a kind of purgatory.
Après l'accident, la longue récupération ressemblait à une sorte de purgatoire.
C1 noun /ˈproʊbeɪt/

probate

preuve testamentaire
Meaning
the official proving of a will in a court of law
Example
The family had to go through probate after his death.
La famille a dû passer par la procédure de preuve testamentaire après son décès.
C1 noun /ˈpɒlɪɡɒn/

polygon

polygone
Meaning
a flat shape with three or more straight sides
Example
The artist drew a colorful polygon on the canvas.
L'artiste a dessiné un polygone coloré sur la toile.
C1 adjective /pɜːrt/

pert

espiègle mais charmant
Meaning
attractively lively or cheeky in manner or style
Example
She gave a pert reply that made everyone laugh.
Elle a donné une réponse espiègle qui a fait rire tout le monde.
C1 adjective /pəˈrɪʒən/

parisian

relatif à Paris
Meaning
relating to Paris or its people
Example
She wore a Parisian style dress at the party.
Elle portait une robe de style parisien à la fête.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.ə.bəl/

pitiable

pitoyable
Meaning
deserving sympathy or compassion
Example
The stray dog looked pitiable in the rain.
Le chien errant avait l'air pitoyable sous la pluie.
C1 noun /ˌpɒl.iˈtek.nɪk/

polytechnic

école polytechnique
Meaning
an educational institution offering practical and technical courses
Example
She studied engineering at a well-known polytechnic in her city.
Elle a étudié l'ingénierie dans un polytechnique bien connu de sa ville.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrkəleɪtər/

percolator

percolateur à café
Meaning
A device used for brewing coffee by continually cycling boiling water through coffee grounds.
Example
She made a fresh pot of coffee using the percolator.
Elle a préparé une tasse de café frais en utilisant le percolateur.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔːltri/

paltry

insignifiant, dérisoire
Meaning
small or meager; lacking in value or importance
Example
They offered him a paltry sum for his work.
Ils lui ont proposé une somme dérisoire pour son travail.
C1 adjective /ˈpjuːtrɪd/

putrid

pourri
Meaning
decayed and emitting a foul smell
Example
The garbage smelled putrid after days in the sun.
Les ordures sentaient pourries après plusieurs jours sous le soleil.
C1 verb /ˌpoʊstˈdeɪt/

postdate

mettre une date ultérieure
Meaning
To assign a date later than the actual date to a document or event.
Example
She postdated the check to next month.
Elle a postdaté le chèque pour le mois prochain.
C1 adjective /pəˈdæntɪk/

pedantic

excessivement préoccupé par les détails mineurs ou les règles
Meaning
Excessively concerned with minor details or rules; overly academic or bookish.
Example
Her pedantic explanations made the lecture dull.
Ses explications pédantes ont rendu la conférence ennuyeuse.
C1 adjective /prəˈfeɪn/

profane

profane, irrévérent
Meaning
showing disrespect or contempt for sacred things; irreverent or vulgar
Example
His jokes were considered too profane for the ceremony.
Ses blagues ont été considérées comme trop profanes pour la cérémonie.
C1 noun /pəˈlɪɡ.ə.mi/

Polygamy

polygamie
Meaning
the practice of marrying multiple spouses at the same time
Example
Polygamy is illegal in many countries around the world.
La polygamie est illégale dans de nombreux pays à travers le monde.
C1 noun /ˌpɜːrmjuˈteɪʃən/

permutation

permutation
Meaning
An arrangement or reordering of elements, often in mathematics or logic.
Example
The puzzle can be solved by trying all possible permutations of the tiles.
Le puzzle peut être résolu en essayant toutes les permutations possibles des tuiles.
C1 noun /ˈprɒdɪdʒi/

prodigy

prodige
Meaning
a person, especially a young one, with exceptional talents or abilities
Example
Mozart was a child prodigy in music.
Mozart était un prodige enfant en musique.
C1 noun /ˌpriːməˈnɪʃən/ or /ˌprɛm-/

premonition

prémonition
Meaning
a strong feeling that something is about to happen, often something negative
Example
She had a premonition of danger before the trip.
Elle avait une prémonition de danger avant le voyage.
C1 noun /ˈpen.əns/

Penance

pénitence; châtiment pour avoir fait quelque chose de mal
Meaning
punishment that you accept for doing something wrong; an act of showing that you are sorry for sin
Example
The monk performed penance for his past mistakes.
Le moine a fait pénitence pour ses erreurs passées.
C1 noun /ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃/

penchant

penchant
Meaning
a strong or habitual liking for something or tendency to do something
Example
She has a penchant for collecting rare books.
Elle a un penchant pour collectionner des livres rares.
C1 verb /ˌpriːdɪˈtɜːrmɪn/

predetermine

prédéterminer
Meaning
to establish or decide something in advance
Example
The outcome of the match seemed predetermined.
Le résultat du match semblait prédéterminé.
C1 noun /ˈplæn.teɪn ˈflaʊ.ər/

Plantain flower

fleur de plantain
Meaning
The flower bud of a banana plant, used as a vegetable in cooking
Example
We cooked plantain flower curry for dinner.
Nous avons cuisiné du curry de fleur de plantain pour le dîner.
C1 noun /ˈpɔːsɪti/

paucity

pauvreté / manque
Meaning
the presence of something in only small or insufficient quantities
Example
The project was delayed due to a paucity of funds.
Le projet a été retardé en raison du manque de fonds.
C1 noun /pəˈræl.ə.sɪs/

Paralysis

paralysie
Meaning
the loss of the ability to move part or all of the body; complete inability to act or function
Example
The accident left him with paralysis in his legs.
L'accident l'a laissé avec une paralysie dans les jambes.
C1 verb /ˈprɒfər/

proffer

offrir, présenter
Meaning
to offer something for acceptance; to present
Example
She proffered her hand as a sign of friendship.
Elle tendit sa main comme un signe d'amitié.
C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrmiəbl̩/

permeable

perméable
Meaning
allowing liquids or gases to pass through
Example
The soil in this area is very permeable to water.
Le sol dans cette région est très perméable à l'eau.
C1 noun /ˈprɒk.tər/

proctor

surveillant d'examen
Meaning
a person who supervises students during an examination
Example
The proctor reminded students to keep their phones switched off.
Le surveillant a rappelé aux étudiants d'éteindre leurs téléphones.
C1 verb /prəˈkjʊər/

procure

acquérir
Meaning
to obtain something, especially with effort or difficulty
Example
They managed to procure enough supplies for the expedition.
Ils ont réussi à se procurer suffisamment de fournitures pour l'expédition.
C1 noun /ˈpriːˌæmbəl/

preamble

préambule
Meaning
a preliminary statement, especially the introduction to a formal document
Example
The preamble of the constitution outlines its guiding principles.
Le préambule de la constitution expose ses principes directeurs.
C1 verb pɚˈpɛtʃ.u.eɪt

perpetuate

maintenir quelque chose en fonctionnement continu ou le conserver pendant longtemps
Meaning
To keep something continuously running or maintain it for a long time.
Example
The media can sometimes perpetuate harmful stereotypes.
Les médias peuvent parfois perpétuer des stéréotypes nuisibles.
C1 noun /prəˈpɛlər/

propeller

hélice
Meaning
A mechanical device with blades that rotates to drive a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle forward.
Example
The airplane’s propeller cut through the air with great speed.
L'hélice de l'avion a coupé l'air à grande vitesse.
C1 noun /pɪˌdɛs.tri.ə.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

pedestrianization

pédestrianisation
Meaning
Making areas pedestrian-friendly, closing any area to vehicle traffic and making it open only for pedestrians.
Example
The pedestrianization of city centers reduces pollution.
La piétonnisation des centres-villes réduit la pollution.
C1 noun /ˌprɒpəˈɡeɪʃən/

propagation

propagation, diffusion
Meaning
The action of spreading and promoting an idea, theory, etc.
Example
The propagation of ideas through social media is rapid.
La propagation des idées à travers les réseaux sociaux est rapide.
C1 noun /ˈprɒspɛktər/

prospector

prospecteur minier
Meaning
a person who searches for mineral deposits, especially gold
Example
The prospector spent years in the mountains searching for gold.
Le prospecteur a passé des années dans les montagnes à chercher de l'or.
C1 noun /ˈpælɪt/

pallet

palette
Meaning
a flat wooden platform used for moving or storing goods; also a makeshift bed
Example
The boxes were stacked on a wooden pallet for easy transport.
Les boîtes ont été empilées sur une palette en bois pour un transport facile.