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C1 adjective /ˈpɛndənt/

pendent

pendant
Meaning
hanging down or suspended
Example
The pendent branches touched the ground.
Les branches pendantes ont touché le sol.
C1 adjective /ˌpæn.əˈræm.ɪk/

panoramic

vue panoramique
Meaning
Giving a wide view of an extensive area in all directions.
Example
The hotel offers panoramic views of the ocean.
L'hôtel offre des vues panoramiques de l'océan.
C1 noun ˌprɒf.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

profitability

rentabilité
Meaning
The degree to which a business or activity yields profit or financial gain.
Example
Increasing sales and reducing costs boosted profitability.
L'augmentation des ventes et la réduction des coûts ont amélioré la rentabilité.
C1 noun /ˈsuːdənɪm/

pseudonym

pseudonyme
Meaning
a fictitious name used by an author instead of their real name
Example
Mark Twain was the pseudonym of Samuel Clemens.
Mark Twain était le pseudonyme de Samuel Clemens.
C1 adjective /ˌpæθəˈdʒɛnɪk/

pathogenic

pathogène
Meaning
Capable of causing disease.
Example
Some bacteria are harmless, while others are highly pathogenic.
Certaines bactéries sont inoffensives, tandis que d'autres sont très pathogènes.
C1 noun/verb /pɔːr/

pore

pore / étudier attentivement
Meaning
As a noun: a tiny opening in the skin or surface. As a verb: to study something carefully.
Example
She pored over the documents for hours before making a decision.
Elle a étudié les documents pendant des heures avant de prendre une décision.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔːltri/

paltry

insignifiant, dérisoire
Meaning
small or meager; lacking in value or importance
Example
They offered him a paltry sum for his work.
Ils lui ont proposé une somme dérisoire pour son travail.
C1 verb /paʊt/

pout

faire la moue
Meaning
to push one's lips forward as an expression of annoyance or sulkiness
Example
The child began to pout when he didn’t get the toy.
L'enfant a commencé à faire la moue lorsqu'il n'a pas eu le jouet.
C1 verb /pərˈspaɪər/

perspire

transpirer
Meaning
To give out sweat through the pores of the skin as a result of heat, physical exertion, or stress.
Example
He began to perspire after running for 10 minutes.
Il a commencé à transpirer après avoir couru pendant 10 minutes.
C1 adjective /ˈpoʊləraɪzd/

polarized

polarisé
Meaning
divided into two sharply contrasting groups or opinions
Example
The debate polarized the community on the issue of climate change.
Le débat a polarisé la communauté sur la question du changement climatique.
C1 noun /prəˈpɛlənt/

propellant

propulseur
Meaning
A substance that drives or pushes something forward, especially fuel in rockets or engines.
Example
The rocket uses a liquid propellant to launch into space.
La fusée utilise un propulseur liquide pour se lancer dans l'espace.
C1 noun, verb /ˌprɒməˈneɪd/

promenade

promenade
Meaning
A leisurely walk or stroll, especially in a public place for pleasure or display.
Example
They went for a promenade along the seaside.
Ils sont allés faire une promenade le long de la mer.
C1 adjective /ˈpælpəbl̩/

palpable

bonheur
Meaning
easily perceived or felt; so intense as to seem almost tangible
Example
There was a palpable sense of excitement in the room.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun /ˌpɜːrmjuˈteɪʃən/

permutation

permutation
Meaning
An arrangement or reordering of elements, often in mathematics or logic.
Example
The puzzle can be solved by trying all possible permutations of the tiles.
Le puzzle peut être résolu en essayant toutes les permutations possibles des tuiles.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrdʒəri/

perjury

parjure
Meaning
The offense of willfully telling an untruth in a court after taking an oath.
Example
She was convicted of perjury after giving false evidence.
Elle a été condamnée pour parjure après avoir donné de faux témoignages.
C1 noun /pɪˈtaɪə/

Pitaya / Dragon fruit

fruit du dragon
Meaning
a tropical fruit with bright pink or red skin and white flesh speckled with black seeds
Example
The pitaya has a mild, sweet flavor and a unique appearance.
La pitaya a une saveur douce et délicate et une apparence unique.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈpæstərəl/

pastoral

rural, lié aux bergers
Meaning
relating to the countryside, shepherds, or rural life; also relating to spiritual guidance by a pastor
Example
The painting had a calm pastoral scene with sheep grazing.
La peinture présentait une scène pastorale calme avec des moutons broutant.
C1 adjective /prɪm/

prim

excessivement formel ou correct
Meaning
stiffly formal and proper in appearance or behavior
Example
She looked prim in her neatly pressed dress.
Elle avait l'air prim dans sa robe soigneusement repassée.
C1 adjective /ˈpleɪntɪv/

plaintive

triste, plaintif
Meaning
expressing sadness or sorrow
Example
He raised a plaintive cry for help.
Il a poussé un cri plaintif à l'aide.
C1 adjective + noun ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ ˈmɪʃən

pioneering mission

mission pionnière
Meaning
A groundbreaking or innovative undertaking that leads the way in a particular field.
Example
Artemis is a pioneering mission in space exploration.
Artemis est une mission pionnière dans l'exploration spatiale.
C1 noun /ˈpɛnənt/

pennant

pennon
Meaning
A tapering flag used for signaling or as an emblem of victory or achievement.
Example
The team raised the championship pennant proudly.
L'équipe a fièrement brandi le pennon du championnat.
C1 verb /ˈpɒstʃʊleɪt/

postulate

postuler
Meaning
to suggest or assume that something is true as the basis for reasoning or discussion
Example
Scientists postulate that life exists on other planets.
Les scientifiques postulent que la vie existe sur d'autres planètes.
C1 verb /prəˈfes/

profess

professer
Meaning
to declare or claim openly; to state one's belief
Example
He professes his love for classical music.
Il professe son amour pour la musique classique.
C1 noun ˌpɒlɪˈneɪʃən

Pollination

pollinisation
Meaning
The process by which pollen is transferred from flowers, enabling plant reproduction.
Example
Butterflies play a vital role in pollination.
Les papillons jouent un rôle essentiel dans la pollinisation.
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrsɪkjuːt/

persecute

bonheur
Meaning
to treat someone cruelly or unfairly, especially because of their religion, race, or beliefs
Example
Many people were persecuted for their faith during that time.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 adjective /ˈpɒs.tʃə.məs/

Posthumous

posthume
Meaning
occurring or continuing after death; published after the author's death
Example
The author received a posthumous award for his last novel.
L'auteur a reçu un prix posthume pour son dernier roman.
C1 noun /prəˈtruːʒən/

protrusion

saillie
Meaning
Something that sticks out or projects from a surface.
Example
The protrusion on the wall made it difficult to move the furniture.
La saillie sur le mur a rendu difficile de déplacer les meubles.
C1 noun /ˈpraɪ.meɪt/

primate

primate, animal de la famille des singes
Meaning
A member of the group of animals including humans, apes, and monkeys.
Example
Humans are classified as primates.
Les humains sont classés parmi les primates.
C1 noun /ˌfɪziˈɑːlədʒi/

physiology

physiologie
Meaning
the scientific study of the functions and mechanisms in a living system
Example
She is majoring in human physiology at the university.
Elle se spécialise en physiologie humaine à l'université.
C1 adjective prəˈtræk.tɪd

protracted

prolongé, long, étendu
Meaning
Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual.
Example
The negotiations were protracted over months.
Les négociations ont duré des mois.
C1 noun /pækt/

Pact

pacte; accord
Meaning
a formal agreement between individuals or parties; a treaty or contract
Example
The two countries signed a peace pact to end the war.
Les deux pays ont signé un pacte de paix pour mettre fin à la guerre.
C1 adjective /ˈper.ɪ.ləs/

perilous

périlleux, dangereux, risqué
Meaning
Full of danger or risk; hazardous and threatening.
Example
The explorers took a perilous journey.
Les explorateurs ont fait un voyage périlleux.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.ləs/

pitiless

impitoyable
Meaning
showing no pity or compassion; cruel
Example
The pitiless ruler ignored the suffering of his people.
Le souverain impitoyable a ignoré la souffrance de son peuple.
C1 noun /ˌpɜːrspəˈreɪʃn/

perspiration

transpiration
Meaning
The process of sweating.
Example
Heavy exercise causes perspiration.
Un exercice intense provoque la transpiration.
C1 noun ˈprɛvələns

prevalence

prévalence
Meaning
The fact or condition of being widespread; the extent to which something exists or occurs
Example
The prevalence of aging issues requires immediate attention.
La prévalence des problèmes liés au vieillissement nécessite une attention immédiate.
C1 verb /ˈpɪlɪdʒ/

pillage

piller
Meaning
to rob or plunder a place, especially during war
Example
The invading army pillaged the village and took all valuables.
L'armée envahissante a pillé le village et a pris tous les objets précieux.
C1 noun /pləˈsiːboʊ/

placebo

placebo
Meaning
a substance with no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs
Example
The patient was given a placebo to compare the effect of the real drug.
Le patient a reçu un placebo pour comparer l'effet du médicament réel.
C1 noun ˌpriː.dɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ən

predisposition

prédisposition
Meaning
A natural tendency or inclination toward a particular behavior or condition.
Example
Genetic factors can influence a person's predisposition to diseases.
Les facteurs génétiques peuvent influencer la prédisposition d'une personne aux maladies.
C1 noun /ˈpɛs.tɪ.saɪd ˈrɛz.ɪ.djuː/

pesticide-residue

résidus de pesticides
Meaning
Chemical remnants left over from pesticides used on crops or in soil.
Example
Excess pesticide-residue in food can be harmful to health.
Un excès de résidus de pesticides dans les aliments peut être nocif pour la santé.
C1 noun /ˌpærəˈnɔɪə/

paranoia

peur irrationnelle et persistante que les gens cherchent à vous nuire ou vous observent constamment
Meaning
an irrational and persistent feeling that people are 'out to get you' or are constantly watching you
Example
His constant paranoia made it hard for him to trust anyone.
Sa paranoïa constante rendait difficile de faire confiance à qui que ce soit.
C1 noun /ˈpɑːrtʃmənt/

parchment

parchemin
Meaning
a thin material made from animal skin, used in the past for writing
Example
The ancient manuscript was written on parchment.
Le manuscrit ancien a été écrit sur du parchemin.
C1 verb /priːˈɛmpt/

pre-empt

prévenir à l'avance
Meaning
to act in advance to prevent an anticipated event from happening; forestall
Example
The government moved to pre-empt a crisis by introducing new policies.
Le gouvernement a agi pour prévenir une crise en introduisant de nouvelles politiques.
C1 adjective /priːˈɛmɪnənt/

preeminent

prééminent
Meaning
Surpassing all others; very distinguished in some way.
Example
She is a preeminent scientist in the field of genetics.
Elle est une scientifique prééminente dans le domaine de la génétique.
C1 noun /ˌpærəfəˈneɪliə/

paraphernalia

paraphernalia
Meaning
Miscellaneous articles, especially equipment needed for a particular activity.
Example
The fisherman carried all his fishing paraphernalia in a large box.
Le pêcheur a transporté toute sa paraphernalia de pêche dans une grande boîte.
C1 adjective /prəˈlɪf.ɪk/

prolific

prolifique
Meaning
Present in large numbers or quantities; plentiful; producing many works, results, or offspring.
Example
The author is prolific, having written over 30 books.
L'auteur est prolifique, ayant écrit plus de 30 livres.
C1 verb /prɒd/

prod

pousser
Meaning
to poke or push someone or something with a finger, foot, or pointed object
Example
She prodded him in the arm to get his attention.
Elle lui a donné un coup dans le bras pour attirer son attention.
C1 noun /ˈpæŋkriəs/

pancreas

pancréas
Meaning
A gland in the abdomen that produces insulin and digestive enzymes.
Example
The pancreas plays a vital role in digestion and blood sugar regulation.
Le pancréas joue un rôle vital dans la digestion et la régulation du sucre sanguin.
C1 adjective /pəˈrɪfərəl/

peripheral

périphérique
Meaning
Relating to or situated on the edge or outer parts of something.
Example
The town is located on the peripheral area of the city.
La ville est située dans la zone périphérique de la ville.
C1 noun /ˈpeɪ.ɡən/

Pagan

païen
Meaning
a person holding religious beliefs other than the main world religions; a heathen
Example
Ancient Romans considered early Christians to be pagans.
Les Romains antiques considéraient les premiers chrétiens comme des paiens.
C1 noun /prəˈdʒɛktaɪl/

projectile

projectile
Meaning
An object fired, thrown, or propelled, especially from a weapon.
Example
The soldier dodged the incoming projectile.
Le soldat a esquivé le projectile entrant.
C1 adjective /ˈperɪɡrɪn/

Peregrine

errant; migratoire; voyageur
Meaning
wandering; traveling; migratory
Example
The peregrine falcon is known for its incredible speed.
Le faucon pèlerin est connu pour sa vitesse incroyable.
C1 adjective /pəˈnɪnsjələr/

peninsular

péninsulaire
Meaning
Relating to or resembling a peninsula.
Example
The peninsular region is surrounded by water on three sides.
La région péninsulaire est entourée d'eau sur trois côtés.
C1 noun /prɪˈtɛnʃən/

pretension

prétention, fausse apparence
Meaning
A claim or assertion to something, often without justification; an attempt to impress by showing greater importance or talent than is actually possessed.
Example
His pretension to be an expert was quickly exposed.
Sa prétention à être un expert a été rapidement exposée.
C1 noun /ˈplʌn.dər.ər/

Plunderer

pilleur
Meaning
a person who steals goods, especially during war or civil disorder
Example
The plunderers ransacked the village after the battle.
Les pilleurs ont saccagé le village après la bataille.
C1 verb /pɜːrdʒ/

purge

purger
Meaning
To remove unwanted feelings, people, or things; to cleanse or purify.
Example
The new leader promised to purge corruption from the government.
Le nouveau leader a promis de purger la corruption du gouvernement.
C1 noun /ˈpriːˌkɜrsər/

precursor

précurseur
Meaning
Something or someone that comes before another and indicates the approach of something else.
Example
The steam engine was a precursor to modern trains.
La locomotive à vapeur était un précurseur des trains modernes.
C1 noun /ˌpeɪ.li.ɒnˈtɒl.ə.dʒi/

paleontology

paléontologie
Meaning
the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants
Example
She decided to study paleontology at university.
Elle a décidé d'étudier la paléontologie à l'université.
C1 noun /ˈpeɪθɒs/

pathos

pathos
Meaning
a quality in speech, writing, or events that evokes pity or deep emotion
Example
The documentary balanced pathos with hope, making the audience both weep and think.
Le documentaire a équilibré le pathos avec l'espoir, faisant pleurer et réfléchir le public.
C1 noun /ˈpeɪtriɑːrk/

patriarch

patriarche
Meaning
a male head of a family or tribe; an older respected man who leads a group
Example
As the family patriarch, he mediated disputes and kept long traditions alive.
En tant que patriarche de la famille, il a résolu les conflits et a maintenu vivantes les traditions anciennes.
C1 noun /ˈpɒlɪɡlɒt/

polyglot

polyglotte
Meaning
a person who knows and can use several languages
Example
She is a polyglot, fluent in English, Spanish, and Bengali.
Elle est polyglotte, parlant couramment l'anglais, l'espagnol et le bengali.
C1 verb /priːn/

preen

se préparer
Meaning
To groom or dress oneself with care; to show pride in one's appearance.
Example
She preened in front of the mirror before leaving for the party.
Elle se préparait devant le miroir avant de partir pour la fête.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈpɑːrtɪzən/

partisan

partisan
Meaning
A strong supporter of a party, cause, or person; showing biased allegiance.
Example
The debate quickly turned partisan, with each side defending their own agenda.
Le débat est rapidement devenu partisan, chaque côté défendant son propre agenda.
C1 noun /pɜːrl drɒp/

Pearl drop

goutte de perle
Meaning
a single pearl used as jewelry, often in earrings or pendants
Example
The elegant pearl drop earrings complemented her outfit perfectly.
Les élégantes boucles d'oreilles en goutte de perle complétaient parfaitement sa tenue.
C1 adjective /ˈpɒp.jʊ.ləs/

Populous

populeux
Meaning
having a large population; densely populated; crowded with people
Example
China is the most populous country in the world.
La Chine est le pays le plus peuplé du monde.
C1 verb /ˈpɑːzɪt/

posit

poser
Meaning
To assume or suggest something as a fact or basis for reasoning.
Example
The scientist posited a new theory to explain the phenomenon.
Le scientifique a posé une nouvelle théorie pour expliquer le phénomène.
C1 noun /ˈprɒmɪnəns/

prominence

notoriété
Meaning
The state of being important, famous, or easily noticed.
Example
Her work gained prominence after the award.
Son travail a gagné en notoriété après le prix.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.ə.bəl/

pitiable

pitoyable
Meaning
deserving sympathy or compassion
Example
The stray dog looked pitiable in the rain.
Le chien errant avait l'air pitoyable sous la pluie.
C1 adjective /ˌpriːdɪˈspoʊzd/

predisposed

prédisposé
Meaning
Likely or inclined to be affected by something in advance.
Example
She is predisposed to trust people easily.
Elle est encline à faire confiance facilement aux gens.
C1 adjective /prəˈsiːdʒərəl/

procedural

procédural
Meaning
Relating to an established or official way of doing something; concerned with procedure.
Example
The committee followed the procedural rules strictly.
Le comité a suivi strictement les règles procédurales.
C1 noun /ˈpɪk.æks/

Pick-axe

pioche
Meaning
a tool with a heavy metal head and long handle used for breaking up hard ground or rock
Example
The miner used a pick-axe to break through the rocky surface.
Le mineur a utilisé une pioche pour briser la surface rocheuse.
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrpɔːrt/

purport

prétendre
Meaning
to claim or profess something, often falsely
Example
The document purports to be an official government report.
Le document prétend être un rapport officiel du gouvernement.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrkəleɪtər/

percolator

percolateur à café
Meaning
A device used for brewing coffee by continually cycling boiling water through coffee grounds.
Example
She made a fresh pot of coffee using the percolator.
Elle a préparé une tasse de café frais en utilisant le percolateur.
C1 noun prɪˈdɪk.ə.mənt

predicament

situation difficile
Meaning
A difficult, unpleasant, or embarrassing situation.
Example
Losing both jobs put him in a financial predicament.
Perdre les deux emplois l'a mis dans une situation financière difficile.
C1 adjective pərˈnɪʃəs

pernicious

nocif, pernicieux
Meaning
Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.
Example
The pernicious effects of smoking are well-documented.
Les effets nuisibles du tabagisme sont bien documentés.
C1 noun /pəˈθɒlədʒi/

pathology

pathologie
Meaning
the scientific study of diseases, their causes, processes, and effects on the body
Example
Advances in pathology helped the doctors identify the rare infection quickly.
Les avancées en pathologie ont aidé les médecins à identifier rapidement l'infection rare.
C1 adjective /pərˈsɛptɪv/

perceptive

bonheur
Meaning
Having or showing keen insight, understanding, or awareness.
Example
She is very perceptive and quickly notices when something is wrong.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun /ˈpræɡmətɪst/

pragmatist

pragmatique
Meaning
A person who deals with things in a practical and realistic way.
Example
He is a true pragmatist who values results over ideals.
Il est un véritable pragmatique qui valorise les résultats plus que les idéaux.
C1 verb /præns/

prance

marcher avec arrogance
Meaning
To move with high, springy steps, often to show off or attract attention.
Example
The horse pranced around the field gracefully.
Le cheval marchait fièrement autour du champ.
C1 noun ˈprɒdʒ.ə.ni

progeny

descendance, progéniture, héritiers
Meaning
A descendant or the descendants of a person, animal, or plant; offspring.
Example
The philosopher's teachings have influenced many generations of progeny.
Les enseignements du philosophe ont influencé de nombreuses générations de progéniture.
C1 noun /ˈpetɪkoʊt/

Petti-coat

jupon
Meaning
an undergarment worn by women under a dress or skirt
Example
She wore a white petticoat under her dress.
Elle portait un jupon blanc sous sa robe.
C1 adjective /prəˈhɪbɪtɪv/

prohibitive

interdit
Meaning
Too high or expensive to be affordable; serving to prevent or discourage action.
Example
The cost of the medication is prohibitive for many families.
Le coût du médicament est trop élevé pour de nombreuses familles.
C1 verb /pɛk/

Peck

picorer
Meaning
To strike or bite something with a beak; to eat in small bites.
Example
The hen began to peck at the grains scattered on the ground.
La poule a commencé à picorer les grains éparpillés sur le sol.
C1 adjective /ˈpræk.tɪ.kə.bəl/

practicable

praticable
Meaning
able to be done or put into practice successfully
Example
The plan is not practicable without more resources.
Le plan n'est pas praticable sans plus de ressources.
C1 noun /ˈpʌndɪt/

pundit

expert
Meaning
An expert in a particular subject or field who is frequently called upon to give opinions to the public.
Example
Political pundits debated the election results on television.
Les experts politiques ont débattu des résultats des élections à la télévision.
C1 noun /pəˈvɪliən/

pavilion

chapiteau
Meaning
A large tent or temporary building, often used for events or exhibitions.
Example
The wedding reception was held in a decorated pavilion.
La réception de mariage a eu lieu dans un chapiteau décoré.
C1 noun /ˈpɪɡmənt/

pigment

pigment
Meaning
a natural or artificial substance used to give color to something
Example
The artist mixed different pigments to create the perfect shade of blue.
L'artiste a mélangé différents pigments pour créer la teinte parfaite de bleu.
C1 noun /ˈpɛsəl/

pestle

pilon
Meaning
A heavy tool with a rounded end used for crushing or grinding substances in a mortar.
Example
She used a pestle to grind the spices.
Elle a utilisé un pilon pour moudre les épices.
C1 noun /ˌpɒməˈdɔːrəʊ/

pomodoro

pomodoro
Meaning
A time management technique that uses a timer to break down work into intervals.
Example
The Pomodoro technique improves productivity.
La technique Pomodoro améliore la productivité.
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrpətreɪt/

perpetrate

commettre
Meaning
To commit or carry out, typically a harmful, illegal, or immoral act.
Example
The hackers perpetrated a massive cyber attack on the company.
Les hackers ont perpétré une attaque massive contre l'entreprise.
C1 adjective /ˈperɪʃəbəl/

Perishable

périssable
Meaning
liable to decay quickly; short-lived
Example
Store perishable foods in the refrigerator.
Conservez les aliments périssables dans le réfrigérateur.
C1 adjective /ˈpraɪ.məl/

primal

primitif, fondamental
Meaning
Relating to the earliest stage of development; essential or fundamental.
Example
Fear is one of the most primal emotions humans experience.
La peur est l'une des émotions les plus primales que les humains ressentent.
C1 adjective /ˈpɛnsɪv/

pensive

pensif/pensive
Meaning
Engaged in deep or serious thought.
Example
She looked pensive as she stared out of the window.
Elle avait l'air pensive en regardant par la fenêtre.
C1 verb /pəˈveɪd/

pervade

se répandre
Meaning
to spread through and be present in every part of something
Example
The smell of fresh flowers pervaded the entire room.
L'odeur des fleurs fraîches a envahi toute la pièce.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ət biːk/

Parrot Beak

bec de perroquet
Meaning
a climbing plant with curved red and orange flowers resembling a parrot's beak
Example
The parrot beak flower's unique curved shape makes it a fascinating addition to any garden.
La fleur de bec de perroquet a une forme courbée unique qui en fait un ajout fascinant à tout jardin.
C1 noun /ˈpəʊstˌskrɪpt/

postscript

post-scriptum
Meaning
an additional remark at the end of a letter or text, after the signature
Example
She added a brief postscript to thank him again.
Elle a ajouté une brève post-scriptum pour le remercier à nouveau.
C1 adjective /fəˈnɛtɪk/

phonetic

phonétique
Meaning
relating to the sounds of speech or pronunciation
Example
The teacher taught the students the phonetic spelling of difficult words.
Le professeur a enseigné aux élèves l'orthographe phonétique des mots difficiles.
C1 adverb /pɜːr ˈseɪ/

per se

en soi
Meaning
By or in itself; intrinsically.
Example
The idea is not bad per se, but it needs improvement.
L'idée n'est pas mauvaise en soi, mais elle a besoin d'amélioration.
C1 adjective prɪˈkeə.ri.əs

precarious

précaire
Meaning
Not securely held or in position; dependent on chance; uncertain.
Example
His financial situation is precarious.
Sa situation financière est précaire.
C1 adjective /ˌsaɪkəˈpæθɪk/

psychopathic

psychopathe
Meaning
Relating to or affected by psychopathy; showing chronic mental disorder with abnormal or violent behavior.
Example
The film portrayed a psychopathic killer with no sense of empathy.
Le film dépeignait un tueur psychopathe sans aucune empathie.
C1 noun /ˈpɔːsɪti/

paucity

pauvreté / manque
Meaning
the presence of something in only small or insufficient quantities
Example
The project was delayed due to a paucity of funds.
Le projet a été retardé en raison du manque de fonds.
C1 verb /ˈprɒfər/

proffer

offrir, présenter
Meaning
to offer something for acceptance; to present
Example
She proffered her hand as a sign of friendship.
Elle tendit sa main comme un signe d'amitié.
C1 adjective /ˈprevələnt/

Prevalent

répandu
Meaning
widespread; existing very commonly; generally occurring
Example
Smoking is still prevalent among teenagers despite health warnings.
Le tabagisme est encore répandu chez les adolescents malgré les avertissements sanitaires.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪθ.i/

pithy

concis et significatif
Meaning
concise and meaningful; full of substance
Example
She gave a pithy comment that summarized the issue perfectly.
Elle a fait un commentaire concis qui résumait parfaitement la question.
C1 noun /ˈpruːdəns/

prudence

prudence
Meaning
The quality of being cautious, wise, and exercising good judgment.
Example
She invested her money with great prudence.
Elle a investi son argent avec une grande prudence.
C1 noun ˈpɛd.ə.ɡɒ.dʒi

pedagogy

pédagogie
Meaning
The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept.
Example
Modern pedagogy focuses on student-centered learning.
La pédagogie moderne se concentre sur l'apprentissage centré sur l'étudiant.
C1 verb /ˌpriːdɪˈspoʊz/

predispose

prédisposer
Meaning
To make someone more likely to behave in a certain way or be affected by something.
Example
His genetics may predispose him to diabetes.
Ses gènes peuvent le rendre plus susceptible au diabète.
C1 adjective /ˌpæθəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

pathological

pathologique, maladif
Meaning
Relating to disease; extreme or obsessive in a way that is abnormal.
Example
He has a pathological fear of failure.
Il a une peur pathologique de l'échec.
C1 verb /pɑːrs/

parse

analyser grammaticalement
Meaning
to analyze a sentence or text grammatically or logically
Example
The software can parse large amounts of text data efficiently.
Le logiciel peut analyser de grandes quantités de données textuelles de manière efficace.
C1 noun /ˈpærɪti/

parity

parité
Meaning
the state or condition of being equal, especially in status or pay
Example
The campaign aims to achieve pay parity between men and women.
La campagne vise à atteindre la parité salariale entre les hommes et les femmes.
C1 noun /ˈprɛsɪpɪs/

precipice

précipice
Meaning
A very steep cliff or a situation of great danger.
Example
The hikers stood at the edge of the precipice, gazing into the valley below.
Les randonneurs étaient debout au bord du précipice, regardant la vallée en bas.
C1 noun /ˌpriːməˈnɪʃən/ or /ˌprɛm-/

premonition

prémonition
Meaning
a strong feeling that something is about to happen, often something negative
Example
She had a premonition of danger before the trip.
Elle avait une prémonition de danger avant le voyage.
C1 adjective /ˌpærəˈdɒksɪkəl/

paradoxical

paradoxal
Meaning
Seemingly contradictory or opposed to common sense, yet possibly true.
Example
It is paradoxical that standing is often more tiring than walking.
Il est paradoxal que rester debout soit souvent plus fatiguant que de marcher.
C1 adjective /prɪˈpɒstərəs/

preposterous

absurde, ridicule
Meaning
completely ridiculous or absurd; contrary to reason or common sense
Example
The idea that pigs could fly is preposterous.
L'idée que les cochons puissent voler est absurde.
C1 adjective /ˈpærəmaʊnt/

paramount

de la plus haute importance
Meaning
more important than anything else; supreme
Example
Safety is of paramount importance in this factory.
La sécurité est de la plus haute importance dans cette usine.
C1 adjective /pæˈseɪ/

passe

démodé; hors de mode
Meaning
no longer fashionable or current; out of date
Example
Some trends from last decade feel utterly passé now.
Certaines tendances du dernier siècle semblent désormais complètement démodées.
C1 verb /ˈpeɪtrənaɪz/

patronize

traiter avec condescendance
Meaning
to treat someone in a condescending way; to be a regular customer of a business
Example
Don't patronize me with your fake sympathy.
Ne me traite pas avec ta fausse sympathie.
C1 noun /pəˈrɪm.ɪ.tər/

perimeter

périmètre
Meaning
the continuous line forming the boundary of a closed geometric figure or area
Example
The soldiers guarded the perimeter of the camp.
Les soldats ont gardé le périmètre du camp.
C1 noun /ˈpæd.ək/

paddock

champ clos pour chevaux ou autres animaux
Meaning
a small enclosed field where horses or other animals are kept
Example
The horses were grazing in the paddock.
Les chevaux broutaient dans le paddock.
C1 noun ˌpriːˌɒkjʊˈpeɪʃən

preoccupation

préoccupation
Meaning
The state of being absorbed in thought; mental distraction.
Example
His preoccupation with work led to neglecting his personal life.
Sa préoccupation pour le travail a conduit à négliger sa vie personnelle.
C1 noun /prəˌlɪf.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

proliferation

prolifération
Meaning
Rapid increase in the number or amount of something; rapid multiplication or growth.
Example
The proliferation of malware is a growing concern.
La prolifération des logiciels malveillants est une préoccupation croissante.
C1 noun ˌpraɪ.vɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

privatization

privatisation
Meaning
The transfer of a business, industry, or service from public to private ownership and control.
Example
The privatization of state-owned companies increased efficiency.
La privatisation des entreprises publiques a augmenté l'efficacité.