mixed economy
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C1 noun /mɪkst ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi/

mixed economy

économie mixte
Meaning
An economic system where both government and private sector operate together.
Example
Most countries today follow a mixed economy model.
De nos jours, la plupart des pays suivent un modèle économique mixte.
C1 noun /mɑːrˈsuːpiəl/

marsupial

mammifère qui porte et nourrit ses petits dans une poche
Meaning
A type of mammal that carries and nourishes its young in a pouch, like kangaroos and koalas.
Example
The kangaroo is a well-known marsupial.
Le kangourou est un marsupial bien connu.
C1 verb /məˈnuː.vər/

manoeuver

manœuvrer
Meaning
To move skillfully or carefully; to guide or manipulate into a desired position.
Example
The driver skillfully manoeuvered the car through the narrow street.
Le conducteur a habilement manœuvré la voiture dans la rue étroite.
C1 adjective ˌmɒn.jʊˈmɛn.təl

monumental

de grande importance, d'ampleur ou de taille
Meaning
Great in importance, extent, or size; exceptionally great; forming or serving as a monument.
Example
The discovery of electricity was a monumental achievement.
La découverte de l'électricité fut une réalisation monumentale.
C1 noun /ˈmeɪniə/

Mania

manie; enthousiasme extrême
Meaning
Mental illness marked by periods of great excitement; extreme enthusiasm
Example
She had a mania for collecting vintage postcards from around the world.
Elle avait une manie de collectionner des cartes postales anciennes du monde entier.
C1 verb /mæʃ/

mash

écraser
Meaning
to crush or mix food into a soft mass, usually by pressing or beating
Example
She mashed the potatoes before serving dinner.
elle a écrasé les pommes de terre avant de servir le dîner.
C1 adjective /ˈmæliəbl̩/

malleable

malléable
Meaning
Easily shaped or influenced; capable of being bent or adapted.
Example
Gold is a highly malleable metal used in jewelry.
L'or est un métal très malléable utilisé dans la bijouterie.
C1 verb /mɪns/

mince

hacher finement
Meaning
to cut into very small pieces; to walk with short quick steps
Example
She minced the garlic for the recipe.
Elle a haché l'ail pour la recette.
C1 noun /ˈmæl.ɪt/

Mallet

maillet
Meaning
a hammer with a large head, typically made of wood
Example
The carpenter used a rubber mallet to avoid damaging the wood.
Le charpentier a utilisé un maillet en caoutchouc pour éviter d'endommager le bois.
C1 adjective /ˈmɪnəskjuːl/

minuscule

minuscule
Meaning
extremely small in size or importance
Example
She made only a minuscule contribution to the project.
Elle n'a fait qu'une contribution minuscule au projet.
C1 noun /ˈmæɡnɪtuːd/

Magnitude

magnitude; taille; importance
Meaning
The great size or extent of something; importance
Example
The magnitude of the earthquake was measured at 7.5 on the Richter scale.
La magnitude du tremblement de terre a été mesurée à 7,5 sur l'échelle de Richter.
C1 noun, verb /ˈmæn.deɪt/

mandate

mandat
Meaning
an official order or command; to give someone authority to act in a certain way
Example
The government issued a mandate to reduce carbon emissions.
Le gouvernement a émis un mandat pour réduire les émissions de carbone.
C1 adjective /ˌmed.iˈiː.vəl/

Mediaeval

médiéval
Meaning
relating to the Middle Ages; medieval
Example
The castle displayed mediaeval architecture and design.
Le château affichait une architecture et un design médiévaux.
C1 adjective /məˈroʊs/

morose

morose
Meaning
sullen, gloomy, or ill-tempered
Example
He became morose after losing his job.
Il est devenu morose après avoir perdu son travail.
C1 verb /ˈmɒd.jʊ.leɪt/

modulate

moduler
Meaning
To change the strength, tone, or pitch of something; to adjust or regulate.
Example
A good speaker knows how to modulate their voice.
Un bon orateur sait comment moduler sa voix.
C1 adjective /ˈmɔːrn.fəl/

mournful

triste
Meaning
feeling, expressing, or causing sadness or grief
Example
The mournful song reminded her of lost loved ones.
La chanson triste lui rappela ses proches perdus.
C1 noun /ˈmjʊr.əl/

Mural

fresque murale
Meaning
a painting or artwork applied directly on a wall or ceiling
Example
The artist painted a beautiful mural on the school wall.
L'artiste a peint une magnifique fresque sur le mur de l'école.
C1 verb /ˈmʌtər/

mutter

marmonner
Meaning
to speak in a low or barely audible voice, often in dissatisfaction or irritation
Example
He muttered something under his breath as he walked away.
Il marmonna quelque chose sous son souffle en s'éloignant.
C1 noun /ˈmɒnəˌlɒɡ/

monologue

monologue
Meaning
A long speech by one person, often in a play or performance.
Example
The actor delivered a powerful monologue on stage.
L'acteur a livré un puissant monologue sur scène.
C1 noun ˈmaɪ.krəʊˌnjuː.tri.ənts

micronutrients

micronutriments
Meaning
Essential nutrients required by organisms in small quantities throughout life to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
Example
Micronutrients are essential for cellular function.
Les micronutriments sont essentiels au bon fonctionnement cellulaire.
C1 adjective məˈθɒd.ɪ.kəl

methodical

méthodique
Meaning
Done according to a systematic or established procedure; orderly and systematic.
Example
His methodical research produced reliable results.
Ses recherches méthodiques ont produit des résultats fiables.
C1 noun mælˈnʌr.ɪʃ.mənt

malnourishment

malnutrition
Meaning
Lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat.
Example
Children in poverty-stricken areas suffer from malnourishment.
Les enfants dans les zones appauvries souffrent de malnutrition.
C1 noun /ˈmiːdieɪtər/

Mediator

médiateur
Meaning
A person who attempts to make people involved in a conflict agree
Example
The United Nations often acts as a mediator in international disputes.
Les Nations Unies agissent souvent comme médiateur dans les conflits internationaux.
C1 noun /ˈmiːknəs/

Meekness

humilité
Meaning
The quality of being quiet, gentle, and submissive
Example
His meekness was often mistaken for weakness by his colleagues.
Sa humilité était souvent prise pour de la faiblesse par ses collègues.
C1 noun /məˈnɒtəni/

monotony

monotonie
Meaning
Lack of variety and interest; tedious repetition and routine.
Example
Breaking the monotony of everyday life can improve mental health.
Rompre la monotonie de la vie quotidienne peut améliorer la santé mentale.
C1 adjective /ˈməʊltən/

molten

fondu
Meaning
Made into liquid by heat; melted.
Example
The blacksmith poured molten metal into the mold.
Le forgeron a versé du métal fondu dans le moule.
C1 verb, noun /mʊər/

moor

amarrer / terrain ouvert
Meaning
As a verb: to tie a ship so that it stays in place. As a noun: open, uncultivated land.
Example
The sailors moored the ship at the dock.
Les marins ont amarré le bateau au quai.
C1 noun /mɔːs/

Moss

mousse
Meaning
a small flowerless plant that grows in clumps in moist places
Example
Green moss covered the old stone wall.
La mousse verte recouvrait le vieux mur de pierre.
C1 noun /ˈmɪs.hæp/

Mishap

accident; malheur; incident
Meaning
An unlucky accident or unfortunate event, typically minor
Example
The cooking mishap resulted in a burnt dinner.
Le malheur en cuisine a conduit à un dîner brûlé.
C1 noun /ˈmɒnəʊˌkʌltʃər/

monoculture

monoculture
Meaning
The agricultural practice of growing only one type of crop over a large area and for many consecutive years, which can lead to increased vulnerability to pests and diseases.
Example
Monoculture can lead to soil depletion and increased pest vulnerability.
La monoculture peut entraîner l'épuisement des sols et une vulnérabilité accrue aux ravageurs.
C1 noun /ˌmʌltɪˈplɪsɪti/

multiplicity

multiplicité
Meaning
A large number or variety of something.
Example
The project faced a multiplicity of challenges.
Le projet a dû faire face à une multiplicité de défis.
C1 noun /ˈmeɪhɛm/

mayhem

chaos
Meaning
Violent or extreme disorder; chaos and destruction.
Example
The protest turned into mayhem when the crowd clashed with the police.
La protestation a tourné au chaos lorsque la foule s'est heurtée à la police.
C1 adjective /ˌmiː.diˈoʊ.kər/

mediocre

médiocre
Meaning
Of only average quality; not very good.
Example
The movie was entertaining but overall mediocre.
Le film était divertissant mais dans l'ensemble médiocre.
C1 adjective /ˌmet.əˈbɒl.ɪk/

metabolic

métabolique
Meaning
Relating to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
Example
Regular exercise enhances metabolic efficiency.
L'exercice régulier améliore l'efficacité métabolique.
C1 noun /ˈmælɪs/

Malice

malveillance; rancune; hostilité;
Meaning
The intention or desire to do evil; ill will
Example
There was no malice in his criticism, just honest feedback.
Il n'y avait aucune malice dans sa critique, juste des commentaires honnêtes.
C1 adjective, verb /muːt/

moot

irrélevant / discutable
Meaning
Adjective: subject to debate or irrelevant. Verb: to suggest an idea for discussion.
Example
The issue of funding became a moot point after the project was canceled.
La question du financement est devenue un point sans importance après l'annulation du projet.
C1 adjective /ˈmjuːtɪd/

muted

atténué
Meaning
softened in sound, color, or effect; subdued
Example
The room was painted in muted shades of blue and grey.
La pièce a été peinte dans des nuances atténuées de bleu et de gris.
C1 noun /ˈmæk.rəʊˌnjuː.tri.ənts/

macronutrients

macronutriments
Meaning
Nutrients that are needed in large amounts to provide energy and building materials for the body, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Example
Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are vital macronutrients.
Les protéines, les graisses et les glucides sont des macronutriments essentiels.
C1 noun /ˌmiːtiəˈrɒlədʒi/

meteorology

météorologie
Meaning
The scientific study of the atmosphere and weather.
Example
He chose to specialize in meteorology to study weather patterns.
Il a choisi de se spécialiser en météorologie pour étudier les modèles climatiques.
C1 adjective /ˌmɛtəˈfɔːrɪkəl/

metaphorical

métaphorique
Meaning
Characteristic of or relating to metaphor; figurative rather than literal.
Example
He used metaphorical language to describe his emotions.
Il a utilisé un langage métaphorique pour décrire ses émotions.
C1 noun /ˈmɜːrsəˌnɛri/

mercenary

mercenaire
Meaning
a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army; also used to describe someone motivated solely by money.
Example
The mercenary fought for whoever paid the highest wage.
Le mercenaire a combattu pour celui qui payait le salaire le plus élevé.
C1 adjective /ˈmɜː.sɪ.fəl/

Merciful

miséricordieux; compatissant
Meaning
showing compassion or forgiveness; kind and forgiving
Example
The merciful judge gave him a lighter sentence.
Le juge miséricordieux lui a donné une peine plus légère.
C1 noun /mɪˈtrɒp.ə.lɪs/

Metropolis

métropole
Meaning
A very large city, especially the main city of a country or region
Example
New York is a bustling metropolis with millions of residents.
New York est une métropole animée avec des millions d'habitants.
C1 adverb /ˈmɪdweɪ/

Midway

à mi-chemin; au milieu
Meaning
halfway; at or to the middle point
Example
The project is midway through completion.
Le projet est à mi-chemin de son achèvement.
C1 noun /ˈmiːnnəs/

Meanness

méchanceté; avarice
Meaning
The quality of being unkind, spiteful, or unfair; stinginess
Example
His meanness towards the poor children shocked everyone in the neighborhood.
Sa méchanceté envers les enfants pauvres a choqué tout le monde dans le quartier.
C1 adjective /ˈmɒsi/

Mossy

recouvert de mousse; avec de la mousse poussant dessus
Meaning
covered with moss; having moss growing on it
Example
The old tree trunk was mossy and covered with green vegetation.
Le tronc de l'arbre vieux était recouvert de mousse et couvert de végétation verte.
C1 noun /ˌmɔːrəˈtɔːriəm/

moratorium

moratoire
Meaning
A temporary suspension or delay of an activity, law, or obligation.
Example
The government announced a moratorium on new mining licenses.
Le gouvernement a annoncé un moratoire sur les nouvelles licences minières.
C1 adjective /mɪˈrækjələs/

Miraculous

miraculeux; étonnant; extraordinaire
Meaning
supernatural; amazing; extraordinary
Example
Her miraculous recovery amazed all the doctors.
Sa récupération miraculeuse a étonné tous les médecins.
C1 noun /ˈmenəs/

Menace

menace
Meaning
A person or thing that is likely to cause harm; a threat
Example
The reckless driver was a menace to everyone on the road.
Le conducteur imprudent était une menace pour tout le monde sur la route.
C1 noun /ˌmjuːnɪsɪˈpæləti/

municipality

municipalité
Meaning
a city or town that has its own local government
Example
The municipality is planning to build a new library.
La municipalité prévoit de construire une nouvelle bibliothèque.
C1 noun /ˈmɒdɪfaɪər/

modifier

modificateur
Meaning
a word or element that changes, limits, or describes the meaning of another word; something that alters or adjusts
Example
In the phrase 'very cold', 'very' is a modifier of 'cold'.
Dans l’expression « very cold », « very » est un modificateur de « cold ».
C1 adjective ˌmiː.ti.ər.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl

meteorological

météorologique
Meaning
Relating to weather conditions and atmospheric phenomena.
Example
Meteorological conditions affect farming cycles.
Les conditions météorologiques influent sur les cycles agricoles.
C1 adjective /ˌmɒnəˈlɪθɪk/

monolithic

monolithique
Meaning
Massive, uniform, and indivisible; resembling a large single stone or structure.
Example
The company maintained a monolithic structure resistant to change.
L'entreprise a maintenu une structure monolithique résistante au changement.
C1 noun /moʊt/

moat

fosse
Meaning
A deep, wide ditch surrounding a castle or town, often filled with water, for defense.
Example
The castle was protected by a wide moat filled with water.
Le château était protégé par un large fossé rempli d'eau.
C1 noun /ˈmɑːrtər/

Martyr

martyr
Meaning
A person who is killed because of their religious or political beliefs
Example
He became a martyr for the cause of freedom and democracy.
Il est devenu un martyr pour la cause de la liberté et de la démocratie.
C1 noun /ˌmɪsdɪˈmiːnər/

misdemeanor

délit mineur
Meaning
A minor wrongdoing or criminal offense that is less serious than a felony.
Example
He was fined for a misdemeanor involving public disturbance.
Il a été condamné à une amende pour un délit mineur lié à un trouble à l'ordre public.
C1 verb, noun /mɛʃ/

mesh

maille, entrelacer
Meaning
To fit or work together properly; or a material made of interlaced threads.
Example
The two gears mesh perfectly to keep the machine running smoothly.
Les deux engrenages s'emboîtent parfaitement pour faire fonctionner la machine en douceur.
C1 noun /mɒb/

Mob

foule; un groupe qui agit de manière violente
Meaning
a large crowd of people; a group that acts in a violent way
Example
An angry mob gathered outside the building.
Une foule en colère s'est rassemblée devant le bâtiment.
C1 verb /ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪt/

mitigate

atténuer
Meaning
To make less severe, serious, or painful; to lessen the severity of damage or harm.
Example
Proper planning can mitigate financial risks.
Une planification appropriée peut atténuer les risques financiers.
C1 noun /ˈmɪd.əl.mæn/

Middleman

intermédiaire
Meaning
A person who acts as an intermediary between two parties in a business transaction
Example
They decided to cut out the middleman and sell directly to customers.
Ils ont décidé de se passer de l'intermédiaire et de vendre directement aux clients.
C1 verb /ˌmɪsˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt/

misrepresent

falsifier
Meaning
to give a false or misleading account of something
Example
The lawyer accused the witness of trying to misrepresent the facts.
L'avocat a accusé le témoin d'avoir tenté de déformer les faits.
C1 adjective /maɪˈɑːpɪk/

myopic

myopie, vision à court terme
Meaning
lacking foresight or long-term perspective; also refers to nearsightedness
Example
The company’s myopic strategy led to long-term losses.
La stratégie myope de l'entreprise a conduit à des pertes à long terme.
C1 noun /ˌmælnuːˈtrɪʃən/

Malnutrition

malnutrition; sous-nutrition
Meaning
Lack of proper nutrition; poor nourishment
Example
Malnutrition among children is a serious public health concern.
La malnutrition chez les enfants est un problème de santé publique grave.
C1 noun ˈmetəl kənˌtæməˈneɪʃən

metal contamination

contamination par les métaux
Meaning
The presence of toxic metals in the environment that pose health and environmental risks.
Example
Metal contamination poses severe health risks.
La contamination par les métaux présente de graves risques pour la santé.
C1 noun /ˌmiːdɪˈeɪʃən/

mediation

médiation
Meaning
Intervention between parties to promote reconciliation, settlement, or compromise.
Example
The mediation helped resolve the conflict between the two teams.
La médiation a aidé à résoudre le conflit entre les deux équipes.
C1 noun /mɒnˈtɑːʒ/

montage

montage
Meaning
A sequence of film editing or a composite image made by combining several separate pictures.
Example
The film opened with a montage of city life.
Le film a commencé par un montage de la vie urbaine.
C1 noun ˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn

modification

modification
Meaning
The action of making changes to something.
Example
The plan required modification.
Le plan a nécessité une modification.
C1 adjective /ˈmæn.əd/

mannered

affecté / artificiel
Meaning
Having or showing a particular manner, especially an artificial or affected one.
Example
The actor’s performance was too mannered to feel natural.
La performance de l'acteur était trop affectée pour sembler naturelle.
C1 noun /ˈmæroʊ/

Marrow

moelle osseuse
Meaning
A soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones; the essence of something
Example
The bone marrow produces blood cells in the human body.
La moelle osseuse produit des cellules sanguines dans le corps humain.
C1 noun nɪˈmɒnɪks

mnemonics

technique mnémotechnique, aide-mémoire
Meaning
A technique to aid memory; a device such as a pattern of letters, ideas, or associations
Example
Mnemonics help in remembering complex concepts easily.
Les mnémoniques aident à se souvenir des concepts complexes facilement.
C1 noun /ˈmaʊθ.fʊl/

mouthful

bouchée
Meaning
the amount of food or drink that fills the mouth, or a long and difficult word or phrase
Example
He took a big mouthful of water after the run.
Il a pris une grande bouchée d'eau après la course.
C1 adjective /mjuːˈnɪsɪpəl/

municipal

municipal
Meaning
relating to a city or town or its local government
Example
The municipal authority is responsible for maintaining the park.
L'autorité municipale est responsable de l'entretien du parc.
C1 adjective /ˈmɑːr.dʒɪ.nəl/

Marginal

marginal; minimal; léger
Meaning
relating to or situated at the edge; minimal; slight
Example
The marginal improvement in sales was barely noticeable.
L'amélioration marginale des ventes était à peine perceptible.
C1 noun /ˈmæntl̩/

mantle

manteau, responsabilité
Meaning
A cloak or covering; also the layer of the earth between the crust and the core.
Example
The leader assumed the mantle of responsibility.
Le leader a pris le manteau de la responsabilité.
C1 noun ˈmɪl.ɪ.tər.i ɪnˈkɜː.ʃən

military incursion

incursion militaire
Meaning
A sudden armed attack or invasion by military forces into a territory.
Example
The military incursion caused widespread devastation.
L'incursion militaire a causé une dévastation généralisée.
C1 adjective /məˈtɜːrnəl/

Maternal

maternel
Meaning
relating to a mother; motherly
Example
She showed maternal care towards the orphan child.
Elle a montré des soins maternels envers l'enfant orphelin.
C1 adjective /ˈmɜː.sɪ.ləs/

Merciless

impitoyable; cruel;
Meaning
showing no mercy or pity; cruel and heartless
Example
The merciless dictator showed no compassion.
Le dictateur impitoyable n'a montré aucune compassion.
C1 noun /ˈmɪlɪtəˌrɪzəm/

militarism

militarisme
Meaning
The belief in maintaining a strong military and using it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
Example
The rise of militarism in the region caused tension among neighboring countries.
L'essor du militarisme dans la région a provoqué des tensions entre les pays voisins.
C1 noun /məˈtɜːrnəti/

Maternity

maternité
Meaning
The state of being a mother; motherhood
Example
The hospital has an excellent maternity ward for new mothers.
L'hôpital dispose d'une excellente salle de maternité pour les nouvelles mères.
C1 noun /məˈleɪz/

malaise

malaise
Meaning
a general feeling of discomfort, illness, or unease whose exact cause is difficult to identify
Example
After the long journey, she felt a general malaise.
Après le long voyage, elle a ressenti un malaise général.
C1 noun /ˈmɛdli/

medley

mélange
Meaning
A mixture of different things, especially musical tunes combined together.
Example
The band played a medley of popular songs.
Le groupe a joué un mélange de chansons populaires.
C1 adjective ˌmæk.roʊ.iː.kəˈnɒm.ɪk

macroeconomic

macroéconomique
Meaning
Relating to the large-scale or general economic factors, such as interest rates and national productivity.
Example
Government policies impact macroeconomic stability.
Les politiques gouvernementales influencent la stabilité macroéconomique.
C1 noun /ˈmɒnəlɪθ/

monolith

monolithe
Meaning
A large single upright block of stone, or a large, powerful, indivisible organization or system.
Example
The ancient monolith stood in the desert for centuries.
L'ancien monolithe est resté debout dans le désert pendant des siècles.
C1 noun /ˈmɒŋ.ɡuːs/

Mongoose

mangouste
Meaning
a small carnivorous mammal known for its ability to kill venomous snakes
Example
The mongoose quickly attacked the cobra to protect its young.
La mangouste a attaqué rapidement le cobra pour protéger ses petits.
C1 adjective /məˈlaɪn/

Malign

malveillant; nuisible
Meaning
evil in nature or effect; harmful; slanderous
Example
He spread malign rumors about his colleague.
Il a répandu des rumeurs malveillantes sur son collègue.
C1 noun /ˈmɔːrtər/

mortar

mélange pour lier les briques / petit canon
Meaning
a mixture used in building to bond bricks or stones together; also, a small cannon for firing shells
Example
The workers applied mortar between the bricks.
Les travailleurs ont appliqué du mortier entre les briques.
C1 adjective /moʊˈmentəs/

Momentous

important
Meaning
of great importance or significance; having far-reaching consequences
Example
The signing of the peace treaty was a momentous occasion for both countries.
La signature du traité de paix a été un moment important pour les deux pays.
C1 verb /mɑːrd/

marred

gâcher
Meaning
to spoil or damage the quality or appearance of something
Example
The celebration was marred by bad weather.
La célébration a été gâchée par le mauvais temps.
C1 noun /ˈmoʊldɪŋ/

molding

moulure décorative
Meaning
A decorative strip or design, often used on walls, ceilings, or furniture.
Example
The wooden molding gave the room a classic look.
La moulure en bois a donné à la pièce un aspect classique.
C1 noun /mjuːˈteɪʃn/

mutation

mutation, changement génétique
Meaning
A change in form, structure, or nature, especially in genetics.
Example
Scientists discovered a genetic mutation that caused the disorder.
Les scientifiques ont découvert une mutation génétique qui a causé le trouble.
C1 noun /ˈmʌltɪtuːd/

multitude

multitude
Meaning
A large number of people or things.
Example
A multitude of fans gathered at the stadium.
Une multitude de fans se sont rassemblés dans le stade.
C1 noun /ˈmɪm.ɪk/

Mimic

imitateur; imiter;
Meaning
A person who copies or imitates the actions, speech, or mannerisms of others
Example
The talented mimic could perfectly imitate famous celebrities.
Le talentueux imitateur pouvait imiter parfaitement les célébrités célèbres.
C1 noun /məˈrɑːl/

Morale

moral; esprit
Meaning
the confidence, enthusiasm, and discipline of a person or group
Example
The team's morale improved after the victory.
La morale de l'équipe s'est améliorée après la victoire.
C1 noun /mɑːrʃ/

Marsh

marais
Meaning
An area of low-lying land that is flooded in wet seasons or at high tide
Example
The endangered birds built their nests in the protected marsh.
Les oiseaux en danger ont construit leurs nids dans le marais protégé.
C1 verb /mɑːr/

mar

abîmer
Meaning
to spoil or damage the appearance or quality of something
Example
The scratch will mar the beauty of the painting.
La rayure abîmera la beauté de la peinture.
C1 verb /ˈmʌd.əl/

muddle

mettre en désordre
Meaning
to mix things up in a confused way or to make a mess of something
Example
He muddled the papers and couldn’t find the report.
Il a mis en désordre les papiers et n'a pas pu trouver le rapport.
C1 verb /ˌmɪsˈmænɪdʒ/

mismanage

mal gérer
Meaning
to handle or control something badly or inefficiently
Example
The company went bankrupt because it was mismanaged for years.
L'entreprise a fait faillite parce qu'elle a été mal gérée pendant des années.
C1 verb /ˌmɪsɪnˈtɜːrprɪt/

misinterpret

malinterpréter
Meaning
to understand or explain something wrongly
Example
He misinterpreted her silence as agreement.
Il a mal interprété son silence comme un accord.
C1 verb (past) /ˈmɛrɪtɪd/

merited

mérité
Meaning
Deserved or earned something.
Example
Her dedication merited recognition from the community.
Son dévouement a mérité la reconnaissance de la communauté.
C1 noun /mɔːˈtæləti/

mortality

mortalité
Meaning
the state of being subject to death; the death rate of a population
Example
Advancements in medicine have reduced child mortality significantly.
Les progrès de la médecine ont considérablement réduit la mortalité infantile.
C1 adjective /məˈlɪʃəs/

Malicious

malveillant; nuisible
Meaning
having or showing a desire to cause harm to someone; spiteful
Example
The malicious software damaged many computers.
Le logiciel malveillant a endommagé de nombreux ordinateurs.
C1 adjective/noun nɪˈmɒn.ɪk

mnemonic

dispositif mnémotechnique, technique de mémorisation
Meaning
Assisting or intended to assist memory; a device or technique to aid memory.
Example
A mnemonic device helps students remember complex concepts.
Un dispositif mnémotechnique aide les étudiants à mémoriser des concepts complexes.
C1 noun /ˈmɪl.ɪ.tənt/

Militant

militant
Meaning
A person who uses aggressive or violent methods to promote a political or social cause
Example
The militant group demanded immediate political reforms.
Le groupe militant a exigé des réformes politiques immédiates.
C1 noun /meɪl treɪn/

Mail train

train postal
Meaning
a train that carries mail and postal packages
Example
The mail train departs every evening to deliver letters across the country.
Le train postal part chaque soir pour livrer des lettres à travers le pays.
C1 verb /ˈmɛzməˌraɪz/

mesmerize

hypnotiser
Meaning
To capture complete attention; to hypnotize or fascinate.
Example
The dancer's graceful movements mesmerized the audience.
Les mouvements gracieux de la danseuse ont hypnotisé le public.
C1 noun /ˈmævərɪk/

maverick

personne indépendante
Meaning
An unorthodox or independent-minded person.
Example
The maverick scientist challenged established theories.
Le scientifique indépendant a défié les théories établies.
C1 noun /moʊl/

Mole

taupe
Meaning
a small burrowing mammal with tiny eyes and soft fur
Example
The mole dug tunnels under the garden.
Le taupe a creusé des tunnels sous le jardin.
C1 noun /ˌmɪdˈsʌm.ər/

midsummer

milieu de l'été
Meaning
The middle of summer, often around the summer solstice in June.
Example
We had a festival to celebrate midsummer.
Nous avons organisé un festival pour célébrer le milieu de l'été.
C1 noun /mæɡˈnɪfɪsəns/

magnificence

magnificence
Meaning
splendor, grandeur, or impressive beauty
Example
The magnificence of the palace left everyone speechless.
La magnificence du palais a laissé tout le monde sans voix.
C1 noun /ˌmɪsˈdiːd/

Misdeed

méfait; délit
Meaning
A wicked or illegal act; wrongdoing
Example
He regretted his past misdeeds and tried to make amends.
Il regrettait ses méfaits passés et essayait de se racheter.
C1 noun /ˈmɔːr.ɡɪʤ/

Mortgage

hypothèque
Meaning
a legal agreement by which a bank lends money to buy property
Example
They took out a mortgage to buy their first house.
Ils ont pris une hypothèque pour acheter leur première maison.
C1 noun /ˈmæn.juˌskrɪpt/

manuscript

manuscrit
Meaning
a handwritten or typed document, especially a writer’s draft before publication
Example
The author submitted her manuscript to the publisher.
L'auteure a soumis son manuscrit à l'éditeur.
C1 noun /ˈmoʊɡəl/

mogul

mogul
Meaning
A powerful or influential person, especially in business or media.
Example
He became a tech mogul by founding a billion-dollar company.
Il est devenu un mogul de la technologie en fondant une entreprise d'un milliard de dollars.
C1 adjective /məˈlɪɡnənt/

malignant

malin
Meaning
dangerous or harmful in influence or effect; medically, tending to invade and destroy tissue
Example
Doctors confirmed that the tumor was malignant.
Les médecins ont confirmé que la tumeur était maligne.
C1 noun /mɪsˈɡɪvɪŋz/

misgivings

doutes, inquiétudes
Meaning
feelings of doubt or concern about the outcome or propriety of something
Example
She had serious misgivings about signing the contract.
Elle avait de sérieuses inquiétudes à propos de la signature du contrat.
C1 noun ˈmɑːrdʒɪnəlaɪzd ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəlz

marginalized individuals

individus marginalisés
Meaning
People who are treated as insignificant or peripheral to society, often excluded from mainstream social, economic, or political activities.
Example
Marginalized individuals often face severe challenges.
Les individus marginalisés font souvent face à des défis graves.
C1 adjective /ˌmer.ɪˈtɔː.ri.əs/

Meritorious

méritoire
Meaning
deserving reward or praise; commendable; worthy of recognition
Example
His meritorious service to the community was recognized.
Son service méritoire à la communauté a été reconnu.
C1 noun /ˈmɛrɪɡoʊld/

Marigold

souci
Meaning
a bright orange or yellow flower of the daisy family, often used in gardens and ceremonies
Example
The vibrant marigold flowers added a splash of color to the festival decorations.
Les fleurs de souci éclatantes ont apporté une touche de couleur aux décorations du festival.
C1 noun moʊst ˈvʌlnərəbəl ˈneɪʃən

most vulnerable nation

nation la plus vulnérable
Meaning
A country that is highly exposed to risks and lacks adequate protection or resilience.
Example
Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable nations to climate change.
Le Bangladesh est l'un des pays les plus vulnérables aux changements climatiques.
C1 adjective /ˈmaɪndləs/

mindless

insensé
Meaning
without thought or intelligence; done without consideration
Example
He was bored by the mindless tasks at work.
Il était ennuyé par les tâches insensées au travail.
C1 adjective, verb (past tense/participle of mire) /ˈmaɪərd/

mired

embourbé
Meaning
Trapped or entangled in something, typically a difficult situation.
Example
The politician was mired in scandal.
Le politicien était embourbé dans un scandale.