millennium
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C1 noun /mɪˈlɛniəm/

millennium

millénaire
Meaning
a period of one thousand years; often used to mark an anniversary
Example
The year 2000 was celebrated as the beginning of a new millennium.
L'année 2000 a été célébrée comme le début d'un nouveau millénaire.
C1 noun /mɪˈrɑːʒ/

Mirage

mirage
Meaning
An optical illusion caused by atmospheric conditions, especially in deserts
Example
The travelers saw a mirage of water in the desert.
Les voyageurs ont vu un mirage d'eau dans le désert.
C1 adjective /ˈmeʒ.ər.ə.bəl/

Measurable

mesurable; quantifiable
Meaning
able to be measured; quantifiable
Example
The project's success was measurable by increased sales.
Le succès du projet était mesurable par l'augmentation des ventes.
C1 noun /ˈmæntl̩/

mantle

manteau, responsabilité
Meaning
A cloak or covering; also the layer of the earth between the crust and the core.
Example
The leader assumed the mantle of responsibility.
Le leader a pris le manteau de la responsabilité.
C1 noun /miːlˈjuː/

milieu

environnement
Meaning
A person's social environment or surroundings.
Example
She grew up in an artistic milieu.
Elle a grandi dans un environnement artistique.
C1 adjective məˈθɒd.ɪ.kəl

methodical

méthodique
Meaning
Done according to a systematic or established procedure; orderly and systematic.
Example
His methodical research produced reliable results.
Ses recherches méthodiques ont produit des résultats fiables.
C1 adverb /ˈmiːk.li/

Meekly

humblement; docilement
Meaning
in a quiet, gentle way; without resistance or protest
Example
He meekly accepted the criticism without arguing.
Il a accepté les critiques humblement sans discuter.
C1 noun /mɪˈsɑːdʒəni/

misogyny

misogynie
Meaning
Hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women.
Example
The novel has been criticized for promoting misogyny.
Le roman a été critiqué pour promouvoir la misogynie.
C1 adjective /ˈmaɪndləs/

mindless

insensé
Meaning
without thought or intelligence; done without consideration
Example
He was bored by the mindless tasks at work.
Il était ennuyé par les tâches insensées au travail.
C1 verb /ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪt/

mitigate

atténuer
Meaning
To make less severe, serious, or painful; to lessen the severity of damage or harm.
Example
Proper planning can mitigate financial risks.
Une planification appropriée peut atténuer les risques financiers.
C1 noun /ˌmɒd.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/

modulation

contrôle de la voix
Meaning
The process of varying or controlling something.
Example
Proper modulation of voice enhances communication skills.
Une bonne modulation de la voix améliore les compétences en communication.
C1 verb /ˈmæɡnɪfaɪ/

magnify

agrandir
Meaning
to make something appear larger; to increase the importance or effect of something
Example
The microscope can magnify tiny objects for better observation.
Le microscope peut agrandir les petits objets pour une meilleure observation.
C1 noun /ˈmeɪsən/

mason

maçon
Meaning
a person skilled in building with stone, brick, or concrete
Example
The mason carefully laid the bricks for the new house.
Le maçon a soigneusement posé les briques pour la nouvelle maison.
C1 noun /ˈmaʊθ.fʊl/

mouthful

bouchée
Meaning
the amount of food or drink that fills the mouth, or a long and difficult word or phrase
Example
He took a big mouthful of water after the run.
Il a pris une grande bouchée d'eau après la course.
C1 verb /mæʃ/

mash

écraser
Meaning
to crush or mix food into a soft mass, usually by pressing or beating
Example
She mashed the potatoes before serving dinner.
elle a écrasé les pommes de terre avant de servir le dîner.
C1 noun /ˌmiːdɪˈeɪʃən/

mediation

médiation
Meaning
Intervention between parties to promote reconciliation, settlement, or compromise.
Example
The mediation helped resolve the conflict between the two teams.
La médiation a aidé à résoudre le conflit entre les deux équipes.
C1 noun /ˈmɛləˌdrɑːmə/

melodrama

mélodrame exagéré
Meaning
A dramatic piece with exaggerated characters and exciting events intended to appeal to the emotions.
Example
The movie was criticized for its excessive melodrama.
Le film a été critiqué pour son excès de mélodrame.
C1 adjective /ˌmɛtəˈfɔːrɪkəl/

metaphorical

métaphorique
Meaning
Characteristic of or relating to metaphor; figurative rather than literal.
Example
He used metaphorical language to describe his emotions.
Il a utilisé un langage métaphorique pour décrire ses émotions.
C1 verb /ˈmæsəkər/

massacre

massacre
Meaning
to kill a large number of people brutally; to defeat decisively
Example
The army massacred the innocent civilians.
L'armée a massacré les innocents civils.
C1 adjective /maɪˈɑːpɪk/

myopic

myopie, vision à court terme
Meaning
lacking foresight or long-term perspective; also refers to nearsightedness
Example
The company’s myopic strategy led to long-term losses.
La stratégie myope de l'entreprise a conduit à des pertes à long terme.
C1 noun ˌmɑːr.dʒɪ.nəl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

marginalization

marginalisation
Meaning
The treatment of a person, group, or concept as insignificant or peripheral.
Example
Economic policies should address the marginalization of the poor.
Les politiques économiques devraient aborder la marginalisation des pauvres.
C1 adjective /ˈmæn.əd/

mannered

affecté / artificiel
Meaning
Having or showing a particular manner, especially an artificial or affected one.
Example
The actor’s performance was too mannered to feel natural.
La performance de l'acteur était trop affectée pour sembler naturelle.
C1 noun /ˈmʌs.tərd siːdz/

Mustard seeds

graines de moutarde
Meaning
small round seeds from the mustard plant, used as a spice and for making mustard condiment
Example
Mustard seeds are often tempered in hot oil to release their nutty flavor before adding to dishes.
Les graines de moutarde sont souvent tempérées dans de l'huile chaude pour libérer leur saveur de noisette avant d'être ajoutées aux plats.
C1 noun /ˈmaɪzər/

miser

avare
Meaning
A person who hoards wealth and spends as little money as possible.
Example
The old miser refused to donate even a penny to charity.
Le vieux avare a refusé de donner même un centime à la charité.
C1 noun ˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn

modification

modification
Meaning
The action of making changes to something.
Example
The plan required modification.
Le plan a nécessité une modification.
C1 verb /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

marshal

organiser
Meaning
To arrange or organize people, events, or resources in an orderly way.
Example
The teacher marshaled the students for the field trip.
Le professeur a organisé les élèves pour la sortie scolaire.
C1 noun /moʊt/

moat

fosse
Meaning
A deep, wide ditch surrounding a castle or town, often filled with water, for defense.
Example
The castle was protected by a wide moat filled with water.
Le château était protégé par un large fossé rempli d'eau.
C1 adjective /məˈdʒen.tə/

Magenta

couleur magenta
Meaning
a bright purplish-red color
Example
She wore a beautiful magenta dress to the party.
Elle portait une magnifique robe magenta à la fête.
C1 noun /ˈmænɪkɪn/

mannequin

mannequin
Meaning
a life-sized model of a human figure used by shops to display clothes
Example
The mannequin in the shop window was dressed in a red gown.
Le mannequin dans la vitrine du magasin était habillé d'une robe rouge.
C1 verb /ˈmɒd.jʊ.leɪt/

modulate

moduler
Meaning
To change the strength, tone, or pitch of something; to adjust or regulate.
Example
A good speaker knows how to modulate their voice.
Un bon orateur sait comment moduler sa voix.
C1 adjective /məˈlɛvələnt/

malevolent

malveillant
Meaning
Having or showing a wish to do evil or harm to others.
Example
The malevolent glare in his eyes frightened the children.
Le regard malveillant dans ses yeux effrayait les enfants.
C1 noun /məˈtɜːrnəti/

Maternity

maternité
Meaning
The state of being a mother; motherhood
Example
The hospital has an excellent maternity ward for new mothers.
L'hôpital dispose d'une excellente salle de maternité pour les nouvelles mères.
C1 noun ˈmiːdiə ˈdɒmɪnəns

media dominance

domination des médias
Meaning
The control and powerful influence that media has over communication and information distribution in society.
Example
The internet has enhanced media dominance globally.
Internet a renforcé la domination des médias à l'échelle mondiale.
C1 noun /məˈdɜːrnəti/

modernity

modernité
Meaning
The quality or condition of being modern; up-to-date ideas, practices, or style.
Example
The city’s architecture reflects both tradition and modernity.
L'architecture de la ville reflète à la fois la tradition et la modernité.
C1 noun /ˈmænəˌrɪzəm/

Mannerism

manière
Meaning
A habitual gesture or way of speaking or behaving; an idiosyncrasy
Example
His constant throat clearing had become an annoying mannerism.
Son éternuement constant était devenu une manière agaçante.
C1 adjective /ˈmaɪ.ɡrə.tɔːr.i/

Migratory

migratoire
Meaning
moving from one place to another; characterized by seasonal movement
Example
Many birds are migratory and travel thousands of miles each season.
De nombreux oiseaux sont migrateurs et parcourent des milliers de kilomètres chaque saison.
C1 noun /maɪm/

Mime

mime; acteur de mime
Meaning
A performer who acts without words, using only gestures and body movements
Example
The street mime entertained the crowd with his invisible box routine.
Le mime de rue a diverti la foule avec sa routine de boîte invisible.
C1 noun /ˈmæɡnɪtuːd/

Magnitude

magnitude; taille; importance
Meaning
The great size or extent of something; importance
Example
The magnitude of the earthquake was measured at 7.5 on the Richter scale.
La magnitude du tremblement de terre a été mesurée à 7,5 sur l'échelle de Richter.
C1 noun /ˈmɪlɪtəˌrɪzəm/

militarism

militarisme
Meaning
The belief in maintaining a strong military and using it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
Example
The rise of militarism in the region caused tension among neighboring countries.
L'essor du militarisme dans la région a provoqué des tensions entre les pays voisins.
C1 verb /məˈruːn/

maroon

abandonner sur une île déserte
Meaning
to leave someone trapped and isolated, especially on an island
Example
The sailors were marooned on a deserted island.
Les marins ont été abandonnés sur une île déserte.
C1 noun/adjective /ˈmɪriəd/

myriad

innombrable
Meaning
a countless or extremely great number
Example
There are myriad stars in the night sky.
Il y a d'innombrables étoiles dans le ciel nocturne.
C1 adjective /moʊv/

mauve

mauve clair
Meaning
a pale purple color with a grayish or bluish tinge
Example
She wore a beautiful mauve dress to the party.
Elle portait une magnifique robe mauve clair à la fête.
C1 noun /məˈræŋ/

meringue

meringue (garniture pour dessert)
Meaning
A light dessert topping made from whipped egg whites and sugar.
Example
She decorated the pie with a fluffy meringue topping.
Elle a décoré la tarte avec une couche de meringue légère.
C1 verb məˈnɒp.ə.laɪz

monopolize

monopoliser
Meaning
Control exclusively, dominate market.
Example
The company tried to monopolize the market.
L'entreprise a essayé de monopoliser le marché.
C1 noun /ˈmoʊ.tər ˈlɔː.ri/

Motor lorry

camion motorisé
Meaning
a large motor vehicle used for transporting goods; truck
Example
The motor lorry delivered fresh vegetables to the market.
Le camion motorisé a livré des légumes frais au marché.
C1 adjective /ˈmɒdʒʊlər/

modular

modulaire
Meaning
Employing or involving a module or modules as the basis of design or construction.
Example
The modular design allows for easy customization and scalability.
La conception modulaire permet une personnalisation et une évolutivité faciles.
C1 noun /ˈmɔː.tər ænd ˈpes.əl/

Mortar and Pestle

mortier et pilon
Meaning
a bowl and grinding tool used to crush and grind spices, herbs, and other substances
Example
She ground the spices using a mortar and pestle.
Elle a moulu les épices avec un mortier et un pilon.
C1 verb /ˈmɑːrdʒɪnəlaɪz/

marginalize

marginaliser, mettre à l'écart
Meaning
To treat a person or group as unimportant or insignificant.
Example
The policy marginalized minority communities.
La politique a marginalisé les communautés minoritaires.
C1 noun /ˌmiːtiəˈrɒlədʒi/

meteorology

météorologie
Meaning
The scientific study of the atmosphere and weather.
Example
He chose to specialize in meteorology to study weather patterns.
Il a choisi de se spécialiser en météorologie pour étudier les modèles climatiques.
C1 adverb /maɪˈnjuːtli/

Minutely

minutieusement
Meaning
in very small detail; extremely carefully
Example
The detective examined the evidence minutely.
Le détective a examiné la preuve minutieusement.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈmɑːrʃən/

martian

martien
Meaning
Related to the planet Mars; or an imaginary being from Mars.
Example
The movie showed a Martian visiting Earth.
Le film montrait un martien visitant la Terre.
C1 adjective məˈdʒes.tɪk

Majestic

majestueux
Meaning
Having impressive beauty, dignity, or grandeur; regal and stately in appearance.
Example
The majestic Himalayas stand tall against the sky.
Les majestueuses montagnes de l'Himalaya se dressent haut contre le ciel.
C1 verb (past) /ˈmɛrɪtɪd/

merited

mérité
Meaning
Deserved or earned something.
Example
Her dedication merited recognition from the community.
Son dévouement a mérité la reconnaissance de la communauté.
C1 noun /ˈmɜːrsəˌnɛri/

mercenary

mercenaire
Meaning
a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army; also used to describe someone motivated solely by money.
Example
The mercenary fought for whoever paid the highest wage.
Le mercenaire a combattu pour celui qui payait le salaire le plus élevé.
C1 noun /ˈmævərɪk/

maverick

personne indépendante
Meaning
An unorthodox or independent-minded person.
Example
The maverick scientist challenged established theories.
Le scientifique indépendant a défié les théories établies.
C1 noun /mjuːˈteɪʃn/

mutation

mutation, changement génétique
Meaning
A change in form, structure, or nature, especially in genetics.
Example
Scientists discovered a genetic mutation that caused the disorder.
Les scientifiques ont découvert une mutation génétique qui a causé le trouble.
C1 verb, noun /mʊər/

moor

amarrer / terrain ouvert
Meaning
As a verb: to tie a ship so that it stays in place. As a noun: open, uncultivated land.
Example
The sailors moored the ship at the dock.
Les marins ont amarré le bateau au quai.
C1 adjective /ˈmel.əʊ/

Mellow

doux et agréable; détendu et gentil
Meaning
soft and pleasant; relaxed and gentle
Example
The mellow evening light created a peaceful atmosphere.
La lumière douce du soir a créé une atmosphère paisible.
C1 noun/verb mælˈfʌŋk.ʃən

malfunction

panne
Meaning
A failure to function normally or satisfactorily; a defect or breakdown.
Example
The engine malfunctioned due to overheating.
Le moteur a dysfonctionné à cause de la surchauffe.
C1 noun /ˈmænər/

manor

manoir
Meaning
A large country house with lands; the main house of an estate.
Example
The old manor stood proudly on the hill for centuries.
Le vieux manoir se tenait fièrement sur la colline pendant des siècles.
C1 adjective /məˈnæstɪk/

monastic

monastique
Meaning
Relating to monks, monasteries, or a life of religious seclusion.
Example
He chose to live a monastic life away from the city.
Il a choisi de vivre une vie monastique loin de la ville.
C1 noun /ˈmjuːtɪni/

mutiny

mutinerie
Meaning
an open rebellion against authority, especially by soldiers or sailors
Example
The sailors staged a mutiny against their captain.
Les marins ont organisé une mutinerie contre leur capitaine.
C1 noun /məˈtɪəriəlɪzəm/

Materialism

matérialisme
Meaning
A tendency to consider material possessions more important than spiritual values
Example
The rise of materialism in modern society concerns many philosophers.
L'essor du matérialisme dans la société moderne préoccupe de nombreux philosophes.
C1 noun /ˈmætɪneɪ/

matinee

spectacle de l'après-midi
Meaning
A performance, especially a play or movie, that takes place in the afternoon.
Example
We bought tickets for the Sunday afternoon matinee.
Nous avons acheté des billets pour le spectacle de l'après-midi du dimanche.
C1 noun /ˈmeɪniæk/

maniac

maniaque
Meaning
a person who behaves in a wildly foolish, dangerous, or violent way
Example
The driver was speeding like a maniac.
Le conducteur roulait à toute vitesse comme un maniaque.
C1 verb, noun /mjuːz/

muse

méditer / source d'inspiration
Meaning
to think deeply about something; a source of inspiration, especially for an artist or writer
Example
She sat by the window to muse about her future.
Elle s'est assise près de la fenêtre pour réfléchir à son avenir.
C1 verb /ˈməʊbɪlaɪz/

mobilize

mobiliser
Meaning
to organize or prepare people or resources for action
Example
The leader worked hard to mobilize the community for the protest.
Le leader a travaillé dur pour mobiliser la communauté pour la protestation.
C1 noun /ˈmjʊr.əl/

Mural

fresque murale
Meaning
a painting or artwork applied directly on a wall or ceiling
Example
The artist painted a beautiful mural on the school wall.
L'artiste a peint une magnifique fresque sur le mur de l'école.
C1 adjective, verb /muːt/

moot

irrélevant / discutable
Meaning
Adjective: subject to debate or irrelevant. Verb: to suggest an idea for discussion.
Example
The issue of funding became a moot point after the project was canceled.
La question du financement est devenue un point sans importance après l'annulation du projet.
C1 verb /ˌmɪsˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt/

misrepresent

falsifier
Meaning
to give a false or misleading account of something
Example
The lawyer accused the witness of trying to misrepresent the facts.
L'avocat a accusé le témoin d'avoir tenté de déformer les faits.
C1 noun /ˌmɛrɪˈtɒkrəsi/

meritocracy

méritocratie
Meaning
A system in which advancement is based on individual ability or achievement.
Example
In a true meritocracy, the most capable people rise to leadership positions.
Dans une véritable méritocratie, les personnes les plus compétentes accèdent aux positions de leadership.
C1 adjective /ˈmoʊmənˌteri/

momentary

momentané
Meaning
Lasting for only a short time.
Example
There was a momentary silence in the room.
Il y a eu un silence momentané dans la pièce.
C1 noun /ˈmoʊldɪŋ/

molding

moulure décorative
Meaning
A decorative strip or design, often used on walls, ceilings, or furniture.
Example
The wooden molding gave the room a classic look.
La moulure en bois a donné à la pièce un aspect classique.
C1 noun /məˈnɒtəni/

monotony

monotonie
Meaning
Lack of variety and interest; tedious repetition and routine.
Example
Breaking the monotony of everyday life can improve mental health.
Rompre la monotonie de la vie quotidienne peut améliorer la santé mentale.
C1 noun /ˈmɪm.ɪk/

Mimic

imitateur; imiter;
Meaning
A person who copies or imitates the actions, speech, or mannerisms of others
Example
The talented mimic could perfectly imitate famous celebrities.
Le talentueux imitateur pouvait imiter parfaitement les célébrités célèbres.
C1 verb, noun /mɛʃ/

mesh

maille, entrelacer
Meaning
To fit or work together properly; or a material made of interlaced threads.
Example
The two gears mesh perfectly to keep the machine running smoothly.
Les deux engrenages s'emboîtent parfaitement pour faire fonctionner la machine en douceur.
C1 noun /ˈmɔːr.nər/

Mourner

personne en deuil
Meaning
a person who attends a funeral or shows grief for someone who has died
Example
The mourners gathered at the cemetery to pay their respects.
Les endeuillés se sont réunis au cimetière pour rendre hommage.
C1 adjective /ˈmʌðərli/

Motherly

maternel
Meaning
having qualities characteristic of a mother; caring and protective
Example
She showed motherly care and affection towards all the children.
Elle a montré des soins et de l'affection maternels envers tous les enfants.
C1 noun /ˈmʌf.lər/

Muffler

écharpe
Meaning
a long strip of cloth worn around the neck for warmth
Example
She wrapped a warm muffler around her neck before going outside.
Elle a enroulé une écharpe chaude autour de son cou avant de sortir.
C1 noun ˌmiː.diˈɒk.rə.ti

mediocrity

médiocrité
Meaning
Being average or ordinary, not particularly good.
Example
He refused to settle for mediocrity and aimed for greatness.
Il a refusé de se contenter de la médiocrité et a visé la grandeur.
C1 adjective /ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/

makeshift

improvisé
Meaning
used as a temporary substitute; improvised
Example
They used boxes as a makeshift table.
Ils ont utilisé des boîtes comme une table improvisée.
C1 adjective /ˌmet.əˈbɒl.ɪk/

metabolic

métabolique
Meaning
Relating to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
Example
Regular exercise enhances metabolic efficiency.
L'exercice régulier améliore l'efficacité métabolique.
C1 verb /ˌmɪsˈpleɪs/

misplace

mettre au mauvais endroit
Meaning
To put something in the wrong location and temporarily lose it.
Example
I often misplace my keys when I am in a hurry.
Je perds souvent mes clés quand je suis pressé.
C1 adjective /ˈmɜː.sɪ.ləs/

Merciless

impitoyable; cruel;
Meaning
showing no mercy or pity; cruel and heartless
Example
The merciless dictator showed no compassion.
Le dictateur impitoyable n'a montré aucune compassion.
C1 verb /məˈnuː.vər/

manoeuver

manœuvrer
Meaning
To move skillfully or carefully; to guide or manipulate into a desired position.
Example
The driver skillfully manoeuvered the car through the narrow street.
Le conducteur a habilement manœuvré la voiture dans la rue étroite.
C1 noun ˌmɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən ˈstrætədʒiz

mitigation strategies

stratégies d'atténuation
Meaning
Plans and actions designed to reduce the severity or impact of problems or risks.
Example
Governments must adopt mitigation strategies for climate change.
Les gouvernements doivent adopter des stratégies de mitigation pour le changement climatique.
C1 noun /ˈmɛrɪɡoʊld/

Marigold

souci
Meaning
a bright orange or yellow flower of the daisy family, often used in gardens and ceremonies
Example
The vibrant marigold flowers added a splash of color to the festival decorations.
Les fleurs de souci éclatantes ont apporté une touche de couleur aux décorations du festival.
C1 adjective /məˈləʊ.di.əs/

Melodious

mélodieux
Meaning
having a pleasant musical sound; tuneful
Example
Her melodious voice captivated the entire audience.
Sa voix mélodieuse a captivé toute l'audience.
C1 verb /ˈmɜːrmər/

murmur

murmurer
Meaning
To say something in a low, soft, or indistinct voice.
Example
She murmured a prayer before going to sleep.
Elle murmura une prière avant de s'endormir.
C1 noun /meər/

Mare

jument
Meaning
an adult female horse
Example
The beautiful mare galloped across the meadow.
La belle jument galopait à travers le pré.
C1 adjective /ˌmʌltɪˈfæsɪtɪd/

multifaceted

multifacette
Meaning
Having many different aspects or features
Example
The multifaceted approach to the problem resulted in innovative solutions.
L'approche multifacette du problème a abouti à des solutions innovantes.
C1 noun /ˈmɒnəˌθiːɪzəm/

monotheism

monothéisme
Meaning
The belief in the existence of only one God.
Example
Islam and Christianity are religions based on monotheism.
L'islam et le christianisme sont des religions basées sur le monothéisme.
C1 noun /ˈmɛm.breɪn/

membrane

membrane
Meaning
A thin layer of tissue or material that covers, separates, or connects structures.
Example
The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
La membrane cellulaire contrôle le mouvement des substances à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur de la cellule.
C1 adjective /ˈmɒsi/

Mossy

recouvert de mousse; avec de la mousse poussant dessus
Meaning
covered with moss; having moss growing on it
Example
The old tree trunk was mossy and covered with green vegetation.
Le tronc de l'arbre vieux était recouvert de mousse et couvert de végétation verte.
C1 noun/adjective /ˈmɒnəkrəʊm/

monochrome

monochrome
Meaning
A photograph, painting, or screen image in black and white or varying tones of one color.
Example
The old film was shot entirely in monochrome.
Le vieux film a été tourné entièrement en monochrome.
C1 verb /məˈlɛst/

molest

harceler / agresser sexuellement
Meaning
to assault or abuse someone, especially in a sexual or physical way
Example
The criminal was arrested for attempting to molest a child.
Le criminel a été arrêté pour avoir tenté de molester un enfant.
C1 noun /ˈmæl.ɪt/

Mallet

maillet
Meaning
a hammer with a large head, typically made of wood
Example
The carpenter used a rubber mallet to avoid damaging the wood.
Le charpentier a utilisé un maillet en caoutchouc pour éviter d'endommager le bois.
C1 noun /ˈmɑː.kɪt ˌpen.ɪˈtreɪ.ʃən/

Market Penetration

pénétration du marché
Meaning
A measure of the amount of sales or adoption of a product or service compared to the total theoretical market for that product or service.
Example
High market penetration ensures competitive dominance.
Une forte pénétration du marché assure la domination concurrentielle.
C1 verb /ˈmʌd.əl/

muddle

mettre en désordre
Meaning
to mix things up in a confused way or to make a mess of something
Example
He muddled the papers and couldn’t find the report.
Il a mis en désordre les papiers et n'a pas pu trouver le rapport.
C1 noun ˈmetəl kənˌtæməˈneɪʃən

metal contamination

contamination par les métaux
Meaning
The presence of toxic metals in the environment that pose health and environmental risks.
Example
Metal contamination poses severe health risks.
La contamination par les métaux présente de graves risques pour la santé.
C1 adjective /ˈmɜː.sɪ.fəl/

Merciful

miséricordieux; compatissant
Meaning
showing compassion or forgiveness; kind and forgiving
Example
The merciful judge gave him a lighter sentence.
Le juge miséricordieux lui a donné une peine plus légère.
C1 adjective /ˌmɪsəˈleɪniəs/

Miscellaneous

divers; varié; mélangé
Meaning
various; diverse; mixed; assorted
Example
The box contained miscellaneous items from different periods.
La boîte contenait des objets divers de différentes époques.
C1 adjective /ˈmɪnəskjuːl/

minuscule

minuscule
Meaning
extremely small in size or importance
Example
She made only a minuscule contribution to the project.
Elle n'a fait qu'une contribution minuscule au projet.
C1 noun ˈmɪl.ɪ.tər.i ɪnˈkɜː.ʃən

military incursion

incursion militaire
Meaning
A sudden armed attack or invasion by military forces into a territory.
Example
The military incursion caused widespread devastation.
L'incursion militaire a causé une dévastation généralisée.
C1 verb /mɑːrd/

marred

gâcher
Meaning
to spoil or damage the quality or appearance of something
Example
The celebration was marred by bad weather.
La célébration a été gâchée par le mauvais temps.
C1 noun /ˈmɑːrtərdəm/

Martyrdom

martyre
Meaning
The suffering of death on account of adherence to a cause or principle
Example
His martyrdom inspired countless others to join the freedom movement.
Son martyre a inspiré d'innombrables autres à rejoindre le mouvement de la liberté.
C1 adjective /ˈmɔːrbɪd/

morbid

intérêt anormal pour des sujets perturbants ou désagréables
Meaning
Having an abnormal interest in disturbing or unpleasant subjects such as death or disease.
Example
She had a morbid fascination with crime stories.
Elle avait une fascination morbide pour les histoires de crime.
C1 noun /mɔːs/

Moss

mousse
Meaning
a small flowerless plant that grows in clumps in moist places
Example
Green moss covered the old stone wall.
La mousse verte recouvrait le vieux mur de pierre.
C1 adjective /ˈmɑːr.dʒɪ.nəl/

Marginal

marginal; minimal; léger
Meaning
relating to or situated at the edge; minimal; slight
Example
The marginal improvement in sales was barely noticeable.
L'amélioration marginale des ventes était à peine perceptible.
C1 noun /ˈmɜːrdʒər/

merger

fusion
Meaning
The combination of two or more companies into a single entity.
Example
The merger of the two firms created the largest bank in the region.
La fusion des deux entreprises a créé la plus grande banque de la région.
C1 verb /məˈtɪərɪəlaɪz/

materialize

se matérialiser
Meaning
To become real or actual; to appear suddenly or in a physical form.
Example
The opportunity he had been waiting for finally materialized.
L'opportunité qu'il attendait est enfin matérialisée.
C1 adjective /ˈmænɪfoʊld/

Manifold

multiples
Meaning
many and of several different types; multiple; various
Example
The project has manifold benefits for the community.
Le projet présente de multiples avantages pour la communauté.
C1 noun /ˈmæksɪm/

maxim

maxime
Meaning
a short, well-known statement expressing a general truth or rule of conduct
Example
Honesty is a timeless maxim valued in every culture.
L'honnêteté est une maxime intemporelle valorisée dans toutes les cultures.
C1 verb /ˌmɪsˈriːd/

misread

mal lire
Meaning
to read something incorrectly or interpret wrongly
Example
He misread the instructions and built the shelf incorrectly.
Il a mal lu les instructions et a construit l'étagère incorrectement.
C1 noun /ˌmæn.ɪ.fɛsˈteɪ.ʃən/

manifestation

manifestation
Meaning
A visible form or expression of an idea, concept, or feeling; the action of displaying or showing.
Example
His generosity was a manifestation of his kind nature.
Sa générosité était une manifestation de sa nature bienveillante.
C1 noun /ˌmɑːr.kɪ.təˈbɪl.ə.ti/

marketability

commercialisation
Meaning
The possibility of commercial success for a product or service
Example
The new product's marketability depends on consumer demand.
La commercialisation du nouveau produit dépend de la demande des consommateurs.
C1 noun /ˈmɪl.ɪ.tənt/

Militant

militant
Meaning
A person who uses aggressive or violent methods to promote a political or social cause
Example
The militant group demanded immediate political reforms.
Le groupe militant a exigé des réformes politiques immédiates.
C1 noun ˌmɒd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃənz

modifications

modifications
Meaning
The action of making partial or minor changes to something.
Example
DNA modifications enable enhanced traits in crops.
Les modifications de l'ADN permettent d'améliorer les caractéristiques des cultures.
C1 noun /ˈmæn.juˌskrɪpt/

manuscript

manuscrit
Meaning
a handwritten or typed document, especially a writer’s draft before publication
Example
The author submitted her manuscript to the publisher.
L'auteure a soumis son manuscrit à l'éditeur.
C1 noun /mɪˈlɪʃə/

militia

milice
Meaning
a group of ordinary people who are trained to act as soldiers in emergencies
Example
The village formed a militia to defend against attacks.
Le village a formé une milice pour se défendre contre les attaques.
C1 noun /ˈmɛm.wɑːr/

memoir

mémoires
Meaning
A historical account or autobiography written from personal experience.
Example
The author’s memoir details her journey through hardship and success.
Les mémoires de l'auteur détaillent son voyage à travers les difficultés et les réussites.