inexplicable
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C1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbl/

inexplicable

inexpliquable
Meaning
Impossible to explain or understand.
Example
The sudden disappearance of the file was inexplicable.
La disparition soudaine du fichier était inexpliquable.
C1 adjective; noun /ɪˈmɔːrtl/

immortal

immortel
Meaning
living forever; never dying; lasting forever in fame or memory
Example
Legends often describe heroes as immortal beings who never die.
Les légendes parlent d’êtres immortels.
C1 verb /ɪnˈterəˌɡeɪt/

interrogate

interroger
Meaning
to ask someone questions in a thorough and formal way; to question intensively
Example
The police interrogated the suspect for hours.
La police a interrogé le suspect pendant des heures.
C1 noun /ˌɪnˈdɪsəplɪn/

indiscipline

indiscipline
Meaning
lack of discipline or self-control; failure to obey rules or maintain order
Example
Indiscipline among the students disrupted the learning environment.
L’indiscipline parmi les étudiants a perturbé l’environnement d’apprentissage.
C1 noun /ˈɪnstɪˌɡeɪtər/

instigator

instigateur
Meaning
A person who brings about or initiates something, usually something bad.
Example
The police identified him as the instigator of the violence.
La police l'a identifié comme l'instigateur de la violence.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfleɪtɪd/

inflated

gonflé
Meaning
excessively increased in size, value, or importance; filled with air or gas
Example
The company faced criticism for its inflated prices.
L'entreprise a fait face à des critiques en raison de ses prix gonflés.
C1 verb /ɪˈluːmɪneɪt/

illuminate

illuminer
Meaning
To light up or make something clearer.
Example
Streetlights illuminate the road at night.
Les réverbères illuminent la route la nuit.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkɑːrsəreɪt/

incarcerate

incarcérer
Meaning
to imprison or confine someone
Example
The authorities incarcerated the criminal after the trial.
Les autorités ont emprisonné le criminel après le procès.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈplɔːzəbl/

implausible

implausible
Meaning
Not seeming reasonable or probable; unlikely to be true.
Example
The story she told was so implausible that no one believed her.
L'histoire qu'elle a racontée était tellement implausible que personne ne l'a cru.
C1 noun /ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃən/

inclination

inclination
Meaning
A natural tendency or urge to act or feel in a particular way.
Example
She has an inclination towards helping others.
Elle a une inclination à aider les autres.
C1 noun /ˈɪn.floʊ/

inflow

afflux
Meaning
The movement of things such as money, people, or water into a place.
Example
The inflow of tourists boosted the local economy.
L'afflux de touristes a stimulé l'économie locale.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈvɜːr.ʒən/

introversion

introversion
Meaning
The tendency to be inward-looking and shy, preferring solitary activities.
Example
Her introversion made it difficult for her to enjoy large parties.
Son introversion rendait difficile pour elle de profiter des grandes fêtes.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkwɪzɪtɪv/

inquisitive

inquisitif
Meaning
Curious or eager to learn and ask questions.
Example
The inquisitive child asked endless questions about the stars.
L'enfant inquisitif a posé d'innombrables questions sur les étoiles.
C1 verb /ˌɪntərˈsɛpt/

intercept

Meaning
to stop, catch, or seize something on its way from one place to another
Example
The police intercepted the stolen car before it crossed the border.
C1 adjective /ˌɪntəˈrɑːɡətɪv/

interrogative

interrogatif
Meaning
Relating to or conveying a question; in grammar, used to form questions.
Example
She raised an interrogative eyebrow when she heard the news.
Elle haussa un sourcil interrogatif lorsqu'elle entendit la nouvelle.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɜːrsəneɪt/

impersonate

imiter
Meaning
to pretend to be another person in order to entertain or deceive
Example
He was arrested for trying to impersonate a police officer.
Il a été arrêté pour avoir tenté d'usurper l'identité d'un policier.
C1 noun /ˈɪd.i.əm/

idiom

idiome
Meaning
A group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words.
Example
The idiom 'break the ice' means to start a conversation in a friendly way.
L'idiome 'briser la glace' signifie commencer une conversation de manière amicale.
C1 verb /ɪnˈvælɪdeɪt/

invalidate

invalider
Meaning
To make something not valid or legally acceptable.
Example
The new evidence may invalidate the previous ruling.
La nouvelle preuve pourrait invalider la décision précédente.
C1 adjective ˈɪn.lənd

Inland

intérieur
Meaning
Situated in the interior of a country; away from the coast.
Example
Inland transport boosts local trade.
Le transport intérieur stimule le commerce local.
C1 adjective ɪˈluː.sər.i

illusory

illusoire
Meaning
Based on illusion; not real although seeming to be.
Example
His sense of security was entirely illusory.
Son sentiment de sécurité était entièrement illusoire.
C1 noun ɪnˈsɒl.vən.si

insolvency

insolvabilité
Meaning
The state of being unable to pay debts owed; bankruptcy.
Example
The company declared insolvency after years of losses.
L'entreprise a déclaré la faillite après des années de pertes.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋkt/

indistinct

indistinct
Meaning
Not clear or sharply defined; vague or blurred.
Example
The sound of voices was indistinct in the distance.
Le son des voix était indistinct au loin.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɪdiəs/

insidious

insidieux
Meaning
Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way but with harmful effects.
Example
The insidious spread of misinformation can damage trust.
La propagation insidieuse de la désinformation peut nuire à la confiance.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɒkjuəs/

innocuous

inoffensif
Meaning
Not harmful or offensive.
Example
His remark was completely innocuous and not meant to offend anyone.
Son commentaire était totalement inoffensif et n'avait pas l'intention d'offenser qui que ce soit.
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.dɪˈspen.sə.bəl/

indispensable

indispensable
Meaning
Absolutely necessary, essential
Example
Water is indispensable for human survival.
L'eau est indispensable à la survie humaine.
C1 noun ˌɪnfɛsˈteɪʃən

infestation

infestation, présence anormalement élevée d'insectes ou d'animaux dans un endroit
Meaning
The presence of an unusually large number of insects or animals in a place, causing damage or disease.
Example
The infestation of ants in the kitchen led to immediate pest control measures.
L'infestation de fourmis dans la cuisine a conduit à des mesures immédiates de contrôle des nuisibles.
C1 adverb /ˈɪnwərdli/

inwardly

intérieurement
Meaning
In the mind or spirit; not outwardly visible.
Example
She smiled outwardly but inwardly she was worried.
Elle a souri extérieurement, mais intérieurement elle était inquiète.
C1 noun ˌɪm.pʌlˈsɪv.ɪ.ti

impulsivity

impulsivité
Meaning
The tendency to act quickly and without thought or care; lack of self-control.
Example
His impulsivity led him to make reckless choices.
Son impulsivité l'a conduit à prendre des décisions imprudentes.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskriːt/

indiscreet

imprudent
Meaning
Not careful in what one says or does, likely to reveal secrets or offend.
Example
It was indiscreet of him to mention the plan in public.
C'était imprudent de sa part de mentionner le plan en public.
C1 adjective ɪnˈsaɪ.sɪv

incisive

incisif
Meaning
Intelligently analytical and clear-thinking; showing clear thought and good understanding of what is important.
Example
His incisive comments revealed the core issues.
Ses commentaires incisifs ont révélé les problèmes clés.
C1 noun/verb /ˈɪmprɪnt/

imprint

empreinte
Meaning
A mark or impression made by pressure; to establish or fix firmly in someone's mind.
Example
The event left an indelible imprint on the city's history.
L'événement a laissé une empreinte indélébile dans l'histoire de la ville.
C1 noun /ˌɪmɔːrˈtæləti/

immortality

immortalité
Meaning
the state of living forever; eternal life or lasting fame beyond death
Example
Many ancient cultures believed that heroes could achieve immortality through great deeds.
De nombreuses cultures anciennes pensaient que les héros pouvaient atteindre l’immortalité par de grands exploits.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɪnsəbl/

invincible

invincible
Meaning
too powerful to be defeated or overcome
Example
The team seemed invincible after winning ten matches in a row.
L'équipe semblait invincible après avoir gagné dix matchs d'affilée.
C1 noun /ɪmˈbæl.əns/

Imbalance

déséquilibre
Meaning
lack of proportion or relation between corresponding things; unequal distribution
Example
The doctor said the patient's dizziness was caused by an inner ear imbalance.
Le docteur a dit que les vertiges du patient étaient causés par un déséquilibre dans l'oreille interne.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈsɪdərət/

inconsiderate

inconsidéré
Meaning
Thoughtless; showing a lack of concern for others.
Example
It was inconsiderate of him to play loud music late at night.
C'était inconsidéré de sa part de jouer de la musique forte tard dans la nuit.
C1 noun ɪnˈsɛpʃən

inception

inception
Meaning
The establishment or starting point of an institution or activity.
Example
The inception of the company marked a new era in the industry.
L'inception de l'entreprise a marqué une nouvelle ère dans l'industrie.
C1 verb /ˈɪnstɪˌɡeɪt/

instigate

inciter
Meaning
To bring about or initiate an action, often something negative.
Example
He was accused of instigating the riot.
Il a été accusé d'inciter aux émeutes.
C1 verb ɪˈmɜːrs

immerse

plonger
Meaning
To involve oneself deeply in a particular activity or interest; to surround completely.
Example
Immerse yourself in the new language.
Plongez-vous dans la nouvelle langue.
C1 verb /ˌɪntəˈsɛkt/

intersect

croiser
Meaning
to cross or pass through each other
Example
The two roads intersect at the city center.
Les deux routes se croisent au centre-ville.
C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈprɛsəbl̩/

irrepressible

irrépressible
Meaning
Impossible to control or restrain.
Example
She had an irrepressible urge to laugh during the speech.
Elle ne pouvait cacher son irrépressible envie de rire pendant le discours.
C1 adverb /ɪnˈdɛfɪnətli/

indefinitely

indéfiniment
Meaning
for an unlimited or unspecified period of time
Example
The project has been postponed indefinitely.
Le projet a été reporté indéfiniment.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfæləbl̩/

infallible

infaillible
Meaning
incapable of making mistakes or being wrong
Example
Her judgment seemed infallible in matters of finance.
Son jugement semblait infaillible en matière de finances.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfɛst/

infest

infester
Meaning
to overrun in large numbers, especially so as to cause damage or discomfort
Example
The old house was infested with rats.
La vieille maison était infestée de rats.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdjuːsmənt/

inducement

incitation
Meaning
something that persuades or encourages someone to do something
Example
The company offered a bonus as an inducement to employees.
L'entreprise a offert une prime comme incitation aux employés.
C1 adjective /ˈɪɡ.ni.əs/

igneous

igné
Meaning
Formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
Example
Granite is an igneous rock commonly used in construction.
Le granit est une roche ignée couramment utilisée dans la construction.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl/

incidental

incidentel
Meaning
happening as a minor part or in connection with something else
Example
Incidental expenses like snacks and tips were included in the bill.
Les dépenses incidentelles comme les collations et les pourboires ont été incluses dans la facture.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈfɛnsəbl̩/

indefensible

indéfendable
Meaning
not able to be protected or justified
Example
The minister’s remarks were considered indefensible by the public.
Les remarques du ministre ont été jugées indéfendables par le public.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌstriəs/

industrious

travailleur
Meaning
Hardworking and diligent in one's duties.
Example
She is an industrious student who always completes her assignments on time.
Elle est une étudiante travailleuse qui termine toujours ses devoirs à temps.
C1 verb ɪmˈbjuː

Imbue

Mélanger une idée ou un sentiment profondément dans l'esprit de quelqu'un
Meaning
Mixing some idea or feeling deeply into someone's mind
Example
The teacher tried to imbue students with a love for learning.
L'enseignant a essayé d'inculquer aux élèves un amour de l'apprentissage.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛrɪl/

imperil

mettre en danger
Meaning
To put in danger or at risk.
Example
Reckless driving can imperil the lives of others.
La conduite imprudente peut mettre la vie des autres en danger.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɛntɪv/

inventive

inventif
Meaning
Having the ability to create or design new things or to think originally.
Example
The inventor was known for his inventive solutions to everyday problems.
L'inventeur était connu pour ses solutions inventives aux problèmes quotidiens.
C1 noun ɪˌræʃ.ənˈæl.ɪ.ti

irrationality

irrationalité, absence de logique, déraison
Meaning
The quality of being illogical or unreasonable; lack of rational thought.
Example
His decision was driven by complete irrationality.
Sa décision a été guidée par une irrationalité totale.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnstənˈteɪniəs/

instantaneous

instantané
Meaning
Happening immediately, without any delay.
Example
The change in temperature was almost instantaneous.
Le changement de température a été presque instantané.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːrdənət/

inordinate

excessif
Meaning
Excessive or unusually large in degree.
Example
She spent an inordinate amount of time on her phone.
Elle a passé un temps excessif sur son téléphone.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæsəbəl/

impassable

impraticable
Meaning
Impossible to travel along or over.
Example
The road became impassable after the heavy snowfall.
La route est devenue impraticable après la forte neige.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdaɪtmənt/

indictment

acte d'accusation
Meaning
a formal charge or accusation of a serious crime
Example
The indictment accused the company of multiple violations.
L'acte d'accusation a accusé l'entreprise de multiples violations.
C1 noun /ɪnˈfɜːrnoʊ/

inferno

incendie
Meaning
a large, intense fire that is dangerously out of control
Example
The building turned into an inferno within minutes.
Le bâtiment s'est transformé en un incendie en quelques minutes.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

Illogical

Illogique
Meaning
not reasonable or sensible; lacking logic
Example
It would be illogical to go swimming in such cold weather.
Il serait illogique d'aller nager par un temps aussi froid.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkjʊˈbeɪʃən/

incubation

le processus de maintenir des œufs, des cellules ou des organismes dans les conditions appropriées pour leur développement
Meaning
the process of keeping eggs, cells, or organisms in the right conditions for development
Example
The incubation of the eggs lasted for three weeks.
L'incubation des œufs a duré trois semaines.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrviəs/

impervious

imperméable
Meaning
Not allowing fluid to pass through; unable to be affected by something.
Example
The jacket is impervious to rain.
La veste est imperméable à la pluie.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnsələnt/

insolent

insolent, arrogant
Meaning
showing a rude and arrogant lack of respect
Example
The insolent student refused to follow the teacher's instructions.
L'étudiant insolent a refusé de suivre les instructions du professeur.
C1 noun (plural) /ˈɪndɪˌsiːz/

indices

indices
Meaning
plural form of index; statistical measures or reference points used for comparison
Example
Stock market indices fell sharply after the announcement.
Les indices du marché boursier ont chuté fortement après l'annonce.
C1 adjective /ˈɪmpətənt/

impotent

impotent
Meaning
Lacking power, ability, or strength to take effective action.
Example
The citizens felt impotent against the corrupt system.
Les citoyens se sont sentis impuissants face au système corrompu.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːmiəbl/

impermeable

imperméable
Meaning
Not allowing fluid or gas to pass through.
Example
The container is made of impermeable plastic.
Le conteneur est fabriqué en plastique imperméable.
C1 noun /ˈɪmɪdʒəri/

imagery

imagerie
Meaning
visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work
Example
The poet's use of imagery brought the scene to life.
L'utilisation de l'imagerie par le poète a donné vie à la scène.
C1 adverb /ˌɪn.dɪˈskrɪm.ɪ.nət.li/

Indiscriminately

indiscriminément
Meaning
without making careful distinctions; randomly; without discrimination
Example
The company fired employees indiscriminately without considering their performance.
L'entreprise a licencié les employés indifféremment sans prendre en compte leur performance.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈspek.ʃən/

introspection

introspection
Meaning
The examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes; self-reflection.
Example
Through introspection, she gained insight into her emotions.
Grâce à l'introspection, elle a acquis une profonde compréhension de ses émotions.
C1 verb /ɪɡˈnaɪt/

ignite

enflammer
Meaning
To catch fire or cause to catch fire; to start or arouse.
Example
The sparks ignited the dry leaves in seconds.
Les étincelles ont enflammé les feuilles sèches en quelques secondes.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnsəbl/

insensible

insensible
Meaning
Unconscious; unaware of or indifferent to something.
Example
He was insensible to the cold as he lay in the snow.
Il était insensible au froid lorsqu'il était allongé dans la neige.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnsərˈmaʊntəbl/

insurmountable

insurmontable
Meaning
Too great to be overcome.
Example
The explorers faced insurmountable odds in the desert.
Les explorateurs ont fait face à des obstacles insurmontables dans le désert.
C1 verb /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/

inhibit

inhiber
Meaning
to prevent or restrain someone or something from acting freely; to hinder
Example
Fear can inhibit personal growth.
La peur peut inhiber la croissance personnelle.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsʌf.ər.ə.bəl/

insufferable

insupportable
Meaning
Too extreme to bear; intolerable.
Example
The heat during the summer was insufferable.
La chaleur pendant l'été était insupportable.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpjʊər/

Impure

impur
Meaning
contaminated; not clean; mixed with foreign substances
Example
The impure water caused health problems in the village.
L'eau impure a causé des problèmes de santé dans le village.
C1 adverb, adjective /ˌɪnkɑːɡˈniːtoʊ/

incognito

incognito
Meaning
In disguise or with one's identity concealed.
Example
The celebrity traveled incognito to avoid the paparazzi.
La célébrité a voyagé incognito pour éviter les paparazzis.
C1 adjective ɪnˈkʌm.bənt

incumbent

obligatoire
Meaning
necessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility.
Example
It is incumbent upon all citizens to obey the law.
Il est obligatoire pour tous les citoyens d'obéir à la loi.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtændʒəbl/

intangible

intangible
Meaning
Unable to be touched or grasped; not having a physical presence.
Example
Trust is an intangible quality in relationships.
La confiance est une qualité intangible dans les relations.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ/

infringe

enfreindre
Meaning
To actively break the terms of a law, agreement, or right.
Example
Copying this software without permission will infringe copyright laws.
Copier ce logiciel sans permission enfreindra les lois sur le droit d'auteur.
C1 noun /ˈɪntərˌluːd/

interlude

interlude
Meaning
A short period of time that comes between two events; an interval.
Example
There was a brief musical interlude between the two acts of the play.
Il y a eu un bref interlude musical entre les deux actes de la pièce.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsaɪtmənt/

incitement

incitation
Meaning
the action of provoking unlawful or violent behavior
Example
He was arrested for incitement to riot.
Il a été arrêté pour incitation à la violence.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɛp(ə)rəbəl/

inseparable

inséparable
Meaning
Unable to be separated or always together.
Example
The two friends have been inseparable since childhood.
Les deux amis sont inséparables depuis l'enfance.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkrɛdjələs/

incredulous

Meaning
unwilling or unable to believe something
Example
He gave her an incredulous look when she claimed she could fly.
C1 noun /ˌɪntərˌɒpərəˈbɪləti/

interoperability

interopérabilité
Meaning
The ability of computer systems or software to exchange and make use of information.
Example
The interoperability of different software systems ensures seamless workflow.
L'interopérabilité des différents systèmes logiciels garantit un flux de travail fluide.
C1 noun ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs trəˈdɪʃənz

Indigenous Traditions

Traditions indigènes
Meaning
Cultural practices, beliefs, and customs that have been passed down through generations among native peoples.
Example
Indigenous traditions in the Chittagong Hill Tracts are unique.
Les traditions indigènes dans les Chittagong Hill Tracts sont uniques.
C1 verb /ˈɪmprəvaɪz/

improvise

improviser
Meaning
To create or perform something spontaneously without preparation.
Example
The actor had to improvise his lines when he forgot the script.
L'acteur a dû improviser ses répliques lorsqu'il a oublié le script.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnəˈtɛntɪv/

inattentive

inattentif
Meaning
not paying attention; lacking focus or concentration
Example
The inattentive student missed several important instructions.
L'étudiant inattentif a manqué plusieurs consignes importantes.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɛlɪdʒəbəl/

Ineligible

inéligible; non qualifié; inapte
Meaning
not qualified or entitled to participate or be chosen; unsuitable
Example
Students with poor grades are ineligible for the scholarship program.
Les étudiants avec de mauvaises notes sont inéligibles pour le programme de bourses.
C1 noun /aɪˈdiː.ə.lɪ.zəm/

Idealism

Idéalisme
Meaning
the pursuit of high principles and noble goals; unrealistic pursuit of perfection
Example
His youthful idealism motivated him to join various social justice movements.
Son idéalisme juvénile l'a motivé à rejoindre divers mouvements de justice sociale.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛn.ɪ.trə.bəl/

impenetrable

impénétrable
Meaning
Impossible to pass through or enter; impossible to understand.
Example
The dense forest was nearly impenetrable.
La forêt dense était presque impénétrable.
C1 noun ɪnˌten.sɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

intensification

intensification
Meaning
The process of becoming or making something more intense or extreme.
Example
The intensification of climate change requires urgent action.
L'intensification du changement climatique nécessite une action urgente.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfjʊərieɪt/

infuriate

mettre en colère
Meaning
To make someone extremely angry.
Example
His careless remarks infuriated the entire team.
Ses remarques imprudentes ont mis en colère toute l'équipe.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfɜːm/

infirm

fragile
Meaning
Weak, especially due to old age or illness.
Example
The infirm old man needed assistance to walk.
L'homme âgé et fragile avait besoin d'aide pour marcher.
C1 adjective /ˌɪlɪˈdʒɪtɪmət/

illegitimate

illégitime
Meaning
Not authorized by law, rules, or standards; not recognized as valid.
Example
The court ruled the contract to be illegitimate.
Le tribunal a jugé que le contrat était illégitime.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlʌstriəs/

illustrious

illustre
Meaning
Well known, respected, and admired for past achievements.
Example
She had an illustrious career in medicine.
Elle avait une carrière illustre en médecine.
C1 noun /ɪnˈfjuːʒən/

infusion

infusion
Meaning
the act of introducing something into another; a drink made by steeping leaves or herbs in liquid
Example
She prepared a calming infusion of chamomile tea.
Elle a préparé une infusion apaisante de thé à la camomille.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnbɔːrn/

Inborn

inné; congénital; inhérent
Meaning
existing from birth; natural; inherent
Example
She has an inborn talent for music.
Elle a un talent inné pour la musique.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfriːkwənt/

infrequent

peu fréquent
Meaning
Happening rarely or not often.
Example
He made infrequent visits to his hometown after moving abroad.
Il faisait des visites peu fréquentes dans sa ville natale après avoir déménagé à l'étranger.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnət/

indiscriminate

indiscriminé
Meaning
Done without careful judgment; random or haphazard.
Example
The indiscriminate use of pesticides harms the environment.
L'utilisation indiscriminée de pesticides nuit à l'environnement.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈkluːsɪv/

inconclusive

inconclusif
Meaning
Not leading to a definite result or decision.
Example
The investigation remained inconclusive due to a lack of evidence.
L'enquête est restée inconclusive en raison d'un manque de preuves.
C1 noun/verb /ˈɪnsɛns/

incense

encens / irriter
Meaning
a substance burned for its sweet smell (noun); to make very angry (verb)
Example
The smell of incense filled the temple, but his rude words incensed her.
L'odeur de l'encens remplissait le temple, mais ses mots impolis l'ont mise en colère.
C1 noun /ˈɪnlɛt/

inlet

entrée
Meaning
A small arm of the sea, a lake, or a river; an opening or passage for entry.
Example
The boat entered a narrow inlet along the coast.
Le bateau est entré dans une entrée étroite le long de la côte.
C1 adjective ˈɪn.tər.ɪm

interim

intérimaire
Meaning
In or for the intervening period; provisional or temporary.
Example
Interim governments manage transitional phases.
Les gouvernements intérimaires gèrent les phases de transition.
C1 noun /ɪnˈfɜːməri/

infirmary

infirmerie
Meaning
A hospital or place where the sick or injured are cared for.
Example
The school had an infirmary for minor injuries.
L'école avait une infirmerie pour les blessures mineures.
C1 noun /ˌɪntɪˈmeɪʃən/

intimation

insinuation
Meaning
A subtle or indirect hint or suggestion.
Example
She gave no intimation of her plans.
Elle n'a donné aucune insinuation de ses projets.
C1 verb /ɪˈnɔːɡjʊreɪt/

inaugurate

inaugurer
Meaning
To formally begin or introduce something, especially with a ceremony.
Example
The mayor will inaugurate the new bridge tomorrow.
Le maire inaugurera le nouveau pont demain.
C1 noun /ɪnˌkɑːsəˈreɪʃən/

incarceration

incarcération
Meaning
the state of being imprisoned or confined
Example
The criminal faced years of incarceration for his crimes.
Le criminel a purgé des années d'incarcération pour ses crimes.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɒl.ər.ə.bəl/

Intolerable

intolérable
Meaning
unable to be endured; extremely unpleasant or painful
Example
The noise from the construction site was intolerable.
Le bruit du chantier était intolérable.
C1 verb /ˈɪnsjuleɪt/

insulate

isoler
Meaning
To protect something by covering it, especially to prevent heat, sound, or electricity from escaping or entering.
Example
The house was insulated to reduce heating costs.
La maison a été isolée pour réduire les coûts de chauffage.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɑːrʃəl/

Impartial

impartial; neutre
Meaning
treating all sides fairly; unbiased; neutral
Example
A good judge must remain impartial throughout the trial.
Un bon juge doit rester impartial tout au long du procès.
C1 adjective /ɪˈniː.bri.eɪ.tɪd/

inebriated

ivrogne
Meaning
under the influence of alcohol; drunk
Example
He stumbled into the room completely inebriated.
Il est entré dans la pièce complètement ivre.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜː.mə.nəns/

impermanence

impermanence
Meaning
The state or fact of lasting for only a limited period of time.
Example
The philosophy of Buddhism emphasizes the impermanence of life.
La philosophie bouddhiste met l'accent sur l'impermanence de la vie.
C1 adjective /ˌɪntərˈtwaɪnd/

intertwined

bonheur
Meaning
closely connected or twisted together
Example
Their lives became deeply intertwined after the accident.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 verb /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənəlaɪz/

institutionalize

institutionnaliser
Meaning
to establish something as a formal institution, custom, or practice
Example
The government seeks to institutionalize environmental protection.
Le gouvernement cherche à institutionnaliser la protection de l'environnement.
C1 noun /ˌɪməˈrælɪti/

immorality

immoralité
Meaning
the quality of being immoral; behavior that violates accepted moral standards
Example
The community condemned the immorality of the corrupt officials.
La communauté a condamné l’immoralité des fonctionnaires corrompus.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːtnəs/

incompleteness

incomplétude
Meaning
the state of not being complete or whole; lack of necessary parts or fullness
Example
The incompleteness of the report caused delays in the project.
L’incomplétude du rapport a causé des retards dans le projet.
C1 noun ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl ˈdæmɪdʒ

irreversible damage

dommages irréversibles
Meaning
Harm or injury that cannot be undone or repaired.
Example
Climate change causes irreversible damage to ecosystems.
Le changement climatique cause des dommages irréversibles aux écosystèmes.
C1 noun /ˈɪmɪnəns/

imminence

imminence, état de proximité
Meaning
the state of being about to happen
Example
The imminence of the storm forced people to take shelter.
L'imminence de la tempête a forcé les gens à chercher un abri.
C1 noun /ˌɪndɪˈdʒɛstʃən/

indigestion

indigestion
Meaning
Discomfort or pain in the stomach associated with difficulty in digesting food.
Example
He avoided spicy food because it often gave him indigestion.
Il evitait les aliments epices car cela lui donnait souvent une indigestion.
C1 noun /ɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən/

intimidation

intimidation
Meaning
The action of frightening or threatening someone to make them do something.
Example
The workers reported cases of intimidation by the management.
Les travailleurs ont signalé des cas d'intimidation par la direction.
C1 noun /ˈɪnˌmeɪt/

inmate

détenu
Meaning
a person confined to an institution such as a prison or hospital
Example
The prison has over a thousand inmates.
La prison a plus de mille détenus.
C1 verb /ɪnˈvɪɡ.ər.eɪt/

invigorate

revigorer
Meaning
To give strength or energy to someone or something.
Example
A morning walk can invigorate both body and mind.
Une promenade matinale peut revigorer le corps et l'esprit.
C1 noun /ˈɪn.tə.mə.si/

Intimacy

intimité; proximité
Meaning
close familiarity or friendship; closeness; a private cozy atmosphere
Example
The couple valued the emotional intimacy they shared more than material possessions.
Le couple a plus apprécié l'intimité émotionnelle qu'ils partageaient que les biens matériels.