indolence
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN Anglais BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Espagnol FR Français DE Allemand RU Russe ZH Chinois JA Japonais
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
C2 noun /ˈɪndələns/

indolence

indolence
Meaning
Avoidance of activity or exertion; laziness.
Example
His indolence kept him from finishing the project on time.
Son indolence l'a empêché de terminer le projet à temps.
C2 adjective /ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːniəs/

impecunious

pauvre
Meaning
Having little or no money; poor.
Example
He grew up in an impecunious family.
Il a grandi dans une famille pauvre.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpælpəbəl/

impalpable

intangible
Meaning
unable to be felt by touch; difficult to grasp or understand
Example
There was an impalpable sense of fear in the room.
Il y avait une sensation intangible de peur dans la pièce.
C2 verb /ˈɪŋkʌlpeɪt/

inculpate

accuser
Meaning
To blame or accuse someone of wrongdoing.
Example
The evidence seemed to inculpate the suspect in the crime.
Les preuves semblaient accuser le suspect dans le crime.
C2 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈtɜː.bə.bəl

imperturbable

imperturbable
Meaning
Unable to be upset or excited; not easily disturbed.
Example
His imperturbable nature made him a great leader.
Sa nature imperturbable faisait de lui un grand leader.
C2 noun /ɪmˈpʌlʃən/

impulsion

impulsion
Meaning
a strong urge or drive to act; the act of impelling
Example
His impulsion to travel made him leave his job suddenly.
Son impulsion de voyager l'a poussé à quitter son travail soudainement.
C2 noun /ɪnˈvaɪtər/

invitor

invitant
Meaning
a person who invites someone to an event, meeting, or place
Example
The invitor greeted all the guests warmly at the entrance.
L’invitant a accueilli les invités à l’entrée.
C2 verb /ɪnˈsɪnəˌreɪt/

incinerate

incinérer
Meaning
to burn something completely until it is reduced to ashes
Example
The city decided to incinerate the medical waste for safety.
La ville a décidé d'incinérer les déchets médicaux pour des raisons de sécurité.
C2 adjective /ˈɪl bred/

Ill-bred

mal eleve
Meaning
lacking good manners; rude; showing poor upbringing
Example
His ill-bred behavior shocked everyone at the dinner party.
His ill-bred behavior shocked everyone at the dinner party.
C2 adjective /ˌɪməˈmɔːriəl/

immemorial

immémorial
Meaning
Extending back beyond memory or record; ancient.
Example
The tradition has been followed since time immemorial.
La tradition est suivie depuis des temps immémoriaux.
C2 adjective /ˌɪndaɪˈdʒestəbəl/

Indigestible

indigeste; difficile à digérer
Meaning
difficult or impossible to digest; hard to process in the stomach
Example
The old bread became hard and indigestible.
Le vieux pain est devenu dur et indigeste.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnˌɑːpərˈtuːn/

inopportune

moment inopportun
Meaning
Happening at a bad or inconvenient time.
Example
His call came at the most inopportune moment.
Son appel est arrivé au moment le plus inopportun.
C2 verb ɪmˈbaɪb

imbibe

absorber, assimiler, boire
Meaning
Absorb or assimilate ideas or knowledge. To drink or take in.
Example
He tried to imbibe the wisdom from his mentor.
Il a essayé d'absorber la sagesse de son mentor.
C2 adjective /ɪˈnjʊərd/

inured

habitué
Meaning
Accustomed to something, especially something unpleasant.
Example
After years of hardship, she was inured to suffering.
Après des années de souffrance, elle était habituée à la douleur.
C2 noun /ˈɪrɪɡənt/

irrigant

liquide d'irrigation
Meaning
A liquid used for irrigation, especially in medical or agricultural contexts.
Example
The doctor used a sterile irrigant during the procedure.
Le médecin a utilisé un irrigant stérile pendant la procédure.
C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈprəʊtʃəbl̩/

irreproachable

irréprochable
Meaning
Beyond criticism; faultless.
Example
The judge was known for his irreproachable integrity.
Le juge était connu pour son intégrité irréprochable.
C2 noun /ˈɪn.fɪ.del/

Infidel

infidèle
Meaning
a person who does not believe in religion or whose religious beliefs differ from one's own
Example
In historical contexts, crusaders often referred to their enemies as infidels.
Dans des contextes historiques, les croisés se référaient souvent à leurs ennemis comme des infidèles.
C2 noun /ɪnˈvɛstɪtʃər/

investiture

cérémonie d'investiture
Meaning
the formal ceremony of conferring authority, rank, or office
Example
The king held an investiture ceremony for the new knight.
Le roi a organisé une cérémonie d'investiture pour le nouveau chevalier.
C2 adverb /ˈɪntʃmiːl/

inchmeal

petit à petit
Meaning
Gradually, little by little.
Example
The old castle fell inchmeal into ruin.
Le vieux château est tombé petit à petit en ruine.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛɡ.jʊ.mənt/

integument

revêtement externe
Meaning
A natural outer covering, such as skin, shell, or rind.
Example
The snake sheds its integument as it grows.
Le serpent mue de son revêtement externe à mesure qu'il grandit.
C2 noun (compound/erroneous entry) /ɪnˈɛksərəbl ɑːrmi/

inexorableinexorablearmy

armée imparable
Meaning
This appears to be a corrupted or concatenated form; interpreted as 'inexorable army' — an unstoppable or relentless force.
Example
The rebels feared the inexorable army approaching their stronghold.
Les rebelles craignaient l'armée imparable qui approchait de leur bastion.
C2 noun /ɪˈrʌp.ʃən/

Irruption

une entrée violente soudaine; une invasion ou une incursion; une explosion ou une éruption soudaine
Meaning
a sudden violent entry; an invasion or raid; a sudden outburst or eruption
Example
The army's irruption into enemy territory caught the opposing forces completely off guard.
L'irruption de l'armée dans le territoire ennemi a pris les forces adverses complètement au dépourvu.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈɛksərəbl/

inexorable

inexorable
Meaning
Impossible to stop or prevent; relentless.
Example
The inexorable rise of technology is changing every aspect of life.
La montée inexorable de la technologie change chaque aspect de la vie.
C2 adjective /ɪnhɑːrˈmoʊniəs/

Inharmonious

inharmonieux
Meaning
lacking harmony; discordant in sound; not in tune
Example
The inharmonious sounds from the broken piano made everyone cover their ears.
Les sons inharmonieux du piano cassé ont obligé tout le monde à se couvrir les oreilles.
C2 adjective /ɪˈnɪm.ɪ.tə.bəl/

inimitable

inimitable
Meaning
So good or unusual as to be impossible to copy; unique.
Example
His inimitable writing style made him a literary legend.
Son style d'écriture inimitable a fait de lui une légende littéraire.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛndiˌɛri/

incendiary

incendiaire / provocateur
Meaning
designed to cause fires or stir up conflict
Example
The politician’s incendiary remarks angered the crowd.
Les remarques incendiaires du politicien ont mis en colère la foule.
C2 noun /ˌɪrɪˈdɛsəns/

iridescence

brillance iridescente
Meaning
a play of lustrous, changing colors like those of a rainbow
Example
The butterfly's wings shimmered with iridescence.
Les ailes du papillon brillaient d'une brillance iridescente.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈtɛmpərət/

intemperate

intempérant
Meaning
Lacking self-control; immoderate, especially in indulgence.
Example
The politician's intemperate remarks caused controversy.
Les remarques intempérantes du politicien ont causé la controverse.
C2 adjective /ɪˈmɒdərət/

immoderate

immodéré
Meaning
excessive; beyond reasonable limits
Example
He has an immoderate love for sweets.
Il a un amour immodéré pour les bonbons.
C2 verb /ˌɪntərˈlɒk/

interlock

emboîter
Meaning
to fit or connect together securely so that two or more things are joined
Example
The gears interlock to ensure smooth movement of the machine.
Les engrenages s'emboîtent pour assurer un mouvement fluide de la machine.
C2 noun /ɪˈrɛvərəns/

irreverence

irrévérence
Meaning
a lack of respect for people or things that are generally taken seriously
Example
His jokes about religion showed irreverence to the sacred traditions.
Ses blagues sur la religion ont montré de l'irrévérence envers les traditions sacrées.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈtræn.sɪ.dʒənt/

intransigent

intransigeant, têtu, obstiné
Meaning
Unwilling or refusing to change one's views or to agree about something.
Example
His intransigent stance delayed the agreement.
Son attitude intransigeante a retardé l'accord.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkɔːrˈpɔːriəl/

incorporeal

incorporel
Meaning
lacking a physical body; not composed of matter; intangible
Example
Ghosts are often described as incorporeal beings.
Les fantômes sont souvent décrits comme des êtres incorporels.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈspiːdiənt/

inexpedient

déconseillé
Meaning
Not advisable, suitable, or practical in the circumstances.
Example
It would be inexpedient to invest without proper research.
Il serait déconseillé d'investir sans une recherche appropriée.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈvɪdiəs/

invidious

envieux
Meaning
likely to arouse resentment, envy, or anger in others
Example
The manager's invidious remarks created tension among the employees.
Les remarques envieuses du manager ont créé des tensions parmi les employés.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnseɪt/

insensate

insensible
Meaning
lacking physical sensation or empathy; without feeling or sensitivity
Example
The dictator's insensate cruelty shocked the world.
La cruauté insensible du dictateur a choqué le monde.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈeɪliənəbl/

inalienable

inaliénable
Meaning
Unable to be taken away or transferred; absolute and permanent.
Example
Freedom of speech is an inalienable right.
La liberté d'expression est un droit inaliénable.
C2 noun /ˈaɪ.ərn.wʊd/

Ironwood

bois de fer
Meaning
a hard, dense wood from various trees; also the tree itself that produces small flowers
Example
The ironwood tree blooms with tiny white flowers.
L'arbre de bois de fer fleurit avec de petites fleurs blanches.
C2 verb /ɪnˈdʒɛst/

ingest

ingérer
Meaning
To take food, drink, or another substance into the body, usually by swallowing.
Example
The patient must ingest the medicine with water.
Le patient doit ingérer le médicament avec de l'eau.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛstəsi/

intestacy

décès sans testament
Meaning
The condition of dying without having made a valid will.
Example
His estate was divided according to the laws of intestacy.
Sa succession a été divisée selon les lois de l'intestat.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈkɒŋɡruənt/

incongruent

incongruente
Meaning
Not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects.
Example
His casual outfit looked incongruent at the formal dinner.
Sa tenue décontractée semblait incongruente lors du dîner formel.
C2 adjective /ɪˈnɪmɪkəl/

inimical

hostile / défavorable
Meaning
tending to obstruct or harm; unfriendly or hostile
Example
The policy was inimical to the country's economic growth.
La politique était défavorable à la croissance économique du pays.
C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈdjuːsəbl/

irreducible

irréductible
Meaning
impossible to reduce or simplify further
Example
The fraction 3/7 is irreducible.
La fraction 3/7 est irréductible.
C2 noun /ɪnˈsuːsiəns/

insouciance

insouciance
Meaning
Casual lack of concern; indifference.
Example
She carried herself with an air of insouciance, unbothered by the challenges ahead.
Elle marchait avec un air d'insouciance, sans se soucier des défis à venir.
C2 noun /ɪmˈprɑːvɪdəns/

improvidence

imprévoyance
Meaning
Lack of foresight or care for future needs.
Example
His improvidence led to financial difficulties.
Son imprévoyance l'a conduit à des difficultés financières.
C2 adjective /ˌɪn.ɪˈlʌk.tə.bəl/

ineluctable

inéluctable
Meaning
Impossible to avoid or escape; inevitable.
Example
Death is an ineluctable part of human existence.
La mort est une partie inéluctable de l'existence humaine.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkəmˈprɛsəbl/

incompressible

incompressible
Meaning
Not able to be pressed or squeezed into a smaller space.
Example
Liquids are generally considered incompressible.
Les liquides sont généralement considérés comme incompressibles.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkəmˈbʌstəbl/

incombustible

incombustible
Meaning
Not capable of catching fire or burning.
Example
This material is incombustible and safe for construction.
Ce matériau est incombustible et sûr pour la construction.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛmpərəns/

intemperance

intempérance
Meaning
Lack of moderation or self-control, especially with drinking or eating.
Example
His intemperance in drinking ruined his health.
Son intempérance dans l'alcool a ruiné sa santé.
C2 adverb /ˌɪnsəʊˈmʌtʃ/

insomuch

tant
Meaning
to such an extent
Example
He was insomuch tired that he could hardly stand.
Il était tellement fatigué qu'il pouvait à peine se tenir debout.
C2 noun /ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪ.tɪv dɪˈpləʊ.mə.si/

integrative diplomacy

diplomatie intégrative
Meaning
A diplomatic approach that seeks to combine or coordinate different elements, interests, or parties into a unified whole.
Example
Integrative diplomacy strengthens alliances.
La diplomatie intégrative renforce les alliances.
C2 adjective /ˌɪmpəˈmɪsəbl/

impermissible

interdit
Meaning
Not permitted or allowed.
Example
Such behavior is impermissible in the workplace.
Un tel comportement est interdit sur le lieu de travail.
C2 noun /ɪnˈhɪərəns/

inherence

inhérence
Meaning
The state of being an essential or permanent part of something.
Example
The inherence of risk is part of every business venture.
L'inhérence du risque fait partie de chaque aventure d'entreprise.
C2 adjective /ˌɪn.trəˈsɛl.jʊ.lər/

intracellular

à l'intérieur de la cellule
Meaning
Located or occurring within a cell.
Example
The drug works by targeting intracellular bacteria.
Le médicament agit en ciblant les bactéries intracellulaires.
C2 adjective /ɪˈrɛfrəɡəbəl/

irrefragable

irréfutable
Meaning
Impossible to refute, deny, or break
Example
The lawyer presented irrefragable evidence that proved his client’s innocence.
L'avocat a présenté des preuves irréfutables qui ont prouvé l'innocence de son client.
C2 verb /ɪnˈɡreɪʃiˌeɪt/

ingratiate

se faire bien voir
Meaning
To gain favor or approval by deliberate effort, often in a flattering way.
Example
She tried to ingratiate herself with her boss by complimenting him often.
Elle a essayé de s'ingratiser auprès de son patron en le complimentant souvent.
C2 noun /ɪˈmɒdəsti/

immodesty

immodestie
Meaning
lack of modesty or decency; behavior or attitude that is overly bold or improper
Example
The article was criticized for its tone of immodesty.
L’article a été critiqué pour son ton d’immodestie.
C2 verb /ˈɪndjʊˌreɪt/

indurate

endurcir
Meaning
To harden or make something physically or emotionally tough.
Example
Years of hardship indurated his spirit.
Des années de difficultés ont induré son esprit.
C2 noun /ɪˈreɪdiəns/

irradiance

irradiance
Meaning
the quality of shining brightly; the intensity of light falling on a surface
Example
The irradiance of the sun at noon was overwhelming.
L'irradiance du soleil à midi était accablante.
C2 adjective /ˌaɪdəˈlɑːtrɪəs/

idolatrious

idolâtre
Meaning
Excessively devoted or reverent towards idols or false gods.
Example
The ancient tribe was known for its idolatrious practices.
La tribu ancienne était connue pour ses pratiques idolâtres.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈkɒnstənt/

inconstant

inconstant
Meaning
frequently changing; not consistent or dependable
Example
His inconstant moods made it difficult to work with him.
Ses humeurs inconstantes rendaient difficile de travailler avec lui.
C2 verb /ɪnˈdaɪt/

indite

composer
Meaning
To write or compose (literary or formal works).
Example
The poet indited a heartfelt sonnet.
Le poète a composé un sonnet sincère.
C2 noun /ɪnˈfriːkwəns/

infrequence

infréquence
Meaning
The state of occurring rarely or at long intervals.
Example
The infrequence of their meetings made it hard to maintain close ties.
L'infréquence de leurs réunions rendait difficile le maintien de liens étroits.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈperɪʃəbəl/

Imperishable

imperissable; éternel; immortel
Meaning
not subject to decay; lasting forever; eternal
Example
The imperishable beauty of classical art continues to inspire generations.
La beauté impérissable de l'art classique continue d'inspirer les générations.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtɒksɪkənt/

intoxicant

intoxiquant
Meaning
a substance, especially alcohol or a drug, that causes intoxication
Example
Alcohol is the most commonly used intoxicant in many cultures.
L'alcool est l'intoxicant le plus couramment utilisé dans de nombreuses cultures.
C2 noun /ˈɪŋkjʊbəs/

incubus

esprit maléfique
Meaning
An oppressive or nightmarish burden; in folklore, an evil spirit that lies upon sleeping people.
Example
Debt became an incubus that weighed heavily on the family.
La dette est devenue un esprit maléfique qui pesait lourdement sur la famille.
C2 verb /ɪˈmjʊər/

immure

enfermer
Meaning
to confine or enclose someone against their will
Example
The prisoner was immured in a dark cell.
Le prisonnier a été enfermé dans une cellule sombre.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈkɒrɪdʒəbəl/

incorrigible

incorrigible
Meaning
incapable of being corrected, improved, or reformed
Example
He is an incorrigible optimist who never loses hope.
C'est un optimiste incorrigible qui ne perd jamais espoir.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtɛsɪməl/

infinitesimal

infinitésimal
Meaning
Extremely small in size or amount; so tiny as to be almost negligible.
Example
The error was so infinitesimal that it didn’t affect the results.
L'erreur était si infinitésimale qu'elle n'a pas affecté les résultats.
C2 noun /ɪnˈsɪɡniə/

insignia

insigne
Meaning
A badge or symbol that shows rank, position, or membership.
Example
The soldier proudly wore the insignia of his regiment.
Le soldat portait fièrement l'insigne de son régiment.
C2 adjective /ˈɪm.pi.əs/

Impious

impie; blasphématoire
Meaning
irreligious; lacking reverence for religion; blasphemous
Example
The impious act shocked the religious community.
L'acte impie a choqué la communauté religieuse.
C2 noun /ˌɪnˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti/

incapability

incapacité
Meaning
lack of ability or power to do something; inability or incompetence
Example
His incapability to manage the team led to serious problems.
Son incapacité à gérer l’équipe a causé de graves problèmes.
C2 adjective /ɪmˌpɜːrˈsweɪdəbl/

impersuadable

impossible à persuader
Meaning
not able to be convinced or persuaded
Example
She remained impersuadable despite all our arguments.
Elle est restée impossible à persuader malgré tous nos arguments.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈseɪʃiət/

insatiate

insatiable
Meaning
impossible to satisfy; always wanting more
Example
He had an insatiate desire for power.
Il avait un désir insatiable de pouvoir.
C2 adjective /ˌɪn.trəˈmjʊə.rəl/

intramural

à l'intérieur de l'institution
Meaning
Occurring within the walls of a single institution, especially a school or college.
Example
The college organizes intramural sports competitions every semester.
Le collège organise des compétitions sportives intramuros chaque semestre.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsuːsiənt/

insouciant

insouciant
Meaning
Showing a casual lack of concern; carefree.
Example
He gave an insouciant shrug and walked away.
Il a haussé les épaules de manière insouciante et est parti.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnɔːˈspɪʃəs/

Inauspicious

néfaste
Meaning
unlucky; showing signs that future success is unlikely; unfavorable
Example
The dark clouds seemed inauspicious for the wedding.
Les nuages sombres semblaient néfastes pour le mariage.
C2 adjective /ˈɪnˌbrɛd/

inbred

inné
Meaning
existing naturally in a person or animal; also related to reproduction within a limited community
Example
He has an inbred sense of loyalty.
Il a un sens inné de la loyauté.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈprɛɡnəbl̩/

impregnable

imprenable
Meaning
Unable to be captured, broken into, or defeated.
Example
The fortress was considered impregnable by the enemy.
La forteresse était considérée comme imprenable par l'ennemi.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpæsɪbəl/

impassible

impassible
Meaning
Incapable of suffering or feeling pain (used mainly in theological or philosophical contexts).
Example
Some philosophers argue that God is impassible and cannot experience human emotions.
Certains philosophes affirment que Dieu est impassible et ne peut pas éprouver les émotions humaines.
C2 adjective ˌɪn.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃəs

inefficacious

inefficace
Meaning
Not producing any or the desired effect; ineffective.
Example
The treatment was inefficacious in curing the disease.
Le traitement a été inefficace pour guérir la maladie.
C2 noun /ˌɪnsəˈrɛkʃən/

insurrection

insurrection
Meaning
A violent uprising against an authority or government.
Example
The army was called in to suppress the insurrection.
L'armée a été appelée pour réprimer l'insurrection.
C2 noun /ˌɪnkənˈɡruːəti/

incongruity

incongruité
Meaning
The state of being inconsistent or out of place.
Example
The incongruity of his cheerful mood during the funeral shocked everyone.
L'incongruité de son humeur joyeuse pendant les funérailles a choqué tout le monde.
C2 verb /ɪnˈdɛmnɪfaɪ/

indemnify

indemniser
Meaning
to compensate someone for harm or loss; to secure against future damage or cost
Example
The insurance company agreed to indemnify the client for the damages.
La compagnie d'assurance a accepté d'indemniser le client pour les dommages.
C2 noun /ɪnˈsɪpiəns/

incipience

début
Meaning
the beginning or initial stage of something
Example
The project was still in its incipience when funding was approved.
Le projet en était encore à ses débuts lorsque le financement a été approuvé.
C2 verb /aɪˈtɪnəˌreɪt/

itinerate

itinerer
Meaning
To travel from place to place, usually for the purpose of work or preaching.
Example
The missionary itinerated throughout the region to spread the message.
Le missionnaire a voyagé dans toute la région pour répandre le message.
C2 noun /ˌɪntərpəˈzɪʃən/

interposition

intervention
Meaning
The act of intervening or coming between two things, often to influence or prevent an outcome.
Example
The manager’s interposition prevented a heated argument from escalating.
L'intervention du manager a empêché une dispute animée de s'intensifier.
C2 verb /ɪˈniː.bri.eɪt/

inebriate

enivrer
Meaning
to intoxicate; to make someone drunk
Example
The strong wine was enough to inebriate even the most experienced drinker.
Le vin fort était suffisant pour enivrer même le buveur le plus expérimenté.
C2 adjective /ˈɪmənənt/

immanent

immanent
Meaning
existing or operating within; inherent
Example
He believed that moral values are immanent in human nature.
Il croyait que les valeurs morales sont immanentes dans la nature humaine.
C2 noun /ˌɪkθiˈɒlədʒi/

ichthyology

ichtyologie
Meaning
The branch of zoology that deals with fish.
Example
He pursued a degree in ichthyology at the university.
Il a poursuivi un diplôme en ichtyologie à l'université.
C2 noun /ˌɪdiəˈsɪŋkrəsi/

idiosyncrasy

idiosyncrasie
Meaning
A distinctive or peculiar characteristic, habit, or mannerism unique to an individual.
Example
One of her idiosyncrasies was humming while working.
L'une de ses idiosyncrasies était de fredonner en travaillant.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈvɛtərət/

inveterate

invétéré
Meaning
having a long-established habit, activity, or interest that is unlikely to change
Example
He is an inveterate reader who spends hours in the library every day.
Il est un lecteur invétéré qui passe des heures à la bibliothèque chaque jour.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈkɒntɪnənt/

incontinent

incontinent
Meaning
lacking control over urination or defecation; lacking self-restraint
Example
The patient was incontinent after surgery.
Le patient était incontinent après l'opération.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛptɪv/

inceptive

initial
Meaning
Relating to or marking the beginning or initial stage of something.
Example
The inceptive phase of the project was marked by enthusiastic planning.
La phase inceptive du projet a été marquée par une planification enthousiaste.
C2 noun /ˌɪndɛnˈteɪʃən/

indentation

indentation
Meaning
A space left at the beginning of a line of text; a notch or deep recess on a surface.
Example
The teacher asked the students to use proper indentation in their essays.
Le professeur a demandé aux élèves d'utiliser une indentation correcte dans leurs essais.
C2 adjective /ˌɪntərˈniːsaɪn/

internecine

conflit interne
Meaning
Relating to conflict within a group, often causing mutual destruction.
Example
The internecine conflict weakened the organization from within.
Le conflit interne a affaibli l'organisation de l'intérieur
C2 verb /ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪteɪt/

incapacitate

incapaciter
Meaning
to deprive someone or something of the ability or strength to function
Example
The severe injury incapacitated the player for the rest of the season.
La blessure grave a rendu le joueur incapable pour le reste de la saison.
C2 noun /ɪmˈpjuːɪsəns/

impuissance

impuissance
Meaning
inability to take effective action; helplessness
Example
The government’s impuissance in the face of crisis frustrated the people.
L’impuissance du gouvernement face à la crise a frustré la population.
C2 adjective /ˌaɪsəʊˈθɜːrməl/

isothermal

isotherme
Meaning
Having or maintaining equal or constant temperature.
Example
The experiment was conducted under isothermal conditions.
L'expérience a été réalisée dans des conditions isothermes.
C2 noun /ˌɪmbəˈsɪləti/

imbecility

imbécillité
Meaning
Extreme foolishness, stupidity, or weakness of mind.
Example
The plan was abandoned due to its sheer imbecility.
Le plan a été abandonné en raison de son imbecilité pure.
C2 noun /ˌɪntərˈrɛɡnəm/

interregnum

interrègne
Meaning
A period between rulers or governments when normal leadership is suspended.
Example
The country faced instability during the interregnum after the king’s death.
Le pays a connu de l’instabilité pendant l’interrègne après la mort du roi.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈplækəbl/

implacable

implacable
Meaning
unable to be appeased, calmed, or pacified
Example
The soldiers faced an implacable enemy who refused to surrender.
Les soldats ont affronté un ennemi implacable qui a refusé de se rendre.
C2 noun /ɪmˈpjuːnɪti/

impunity

impunité
Meaning
freedom from punishment or harmful consequences for an action
Example
The dictator ruled with impunity, ignoring international laws.
Le dictateur a régné en toute impunité, ignorant les lois internationales.
C2 adjective /ˈɪkθiɪk/

ichthyic

ichtyique
Meaning
Relating to or resembling fish.
Example
The artist's painting had an ichthyic quality.
La peinture de l'artiste avait une qualité ictyique.
C2 noun /ˈɪntərˌloʊpər/

interloper

intrus
Meaning
A person who becomes involved in a situation or place where they are not wanted.
Example
He felt like an interloper at the private family gathering.
Il se sentait comme un intrus lors de la réunion familiale privée.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɒndərəbl̩/

imponderable

impondérable
Meaning
Something difficult or impossible to estimate, assess, or understand
Example
The outcome of the election depends on many imponderable factors.
Le résultat des élections dépend de nombreux facteurs impondérables.
C2 noun /ˈɪd.i.ə.si/

Idiocy

idiotie
Meaning
extremely stupid behavior or actions; foolishness
Example
The decision to ignore safety protocols was pure idiocy that endangered everyone.
La décision d'ignorer les protocoles de sécurité était une pure idiotie qui mettait tout le monde en danger.
C2 adjective /ˌɪɡ.nəˈmɪn.i.əs/

ignominious

ignominieux
Meaning
Marked by shame, disgrace, or humiliation.
Example
The team suffered an ignominious defeat in the finals.
L'équipe a subi une défaite ignominieuse en finale.
C2 noun /ɪˈluːmɪnənt/

illuminant

illuminant
Meaning
A substance or device that produces light.
Example
The lamp acted as an illuminant in the dark cave.
La lampe a agi comme un illuminant dans la grotte sombre.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈkoʊətɪv/

inchoative

inchoatif
Meaning
relating to the beginning of something; in an initial stage
Example
The poet used inchoative expressions to depict the dawn of creation.
Le poète a utilisé des expressions inchoatives pour décrire l'aube de la création.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnsəˈprɛsəbl/

insuppressible

irrépressible
Meaning
That cannot be suppressed or restrained.
Example
She had an insuppressible urge to laugh during the ceremony.
Elle avait une envie irrépressible de rire pendant la cérémonie.
C2 noun /ˈɪmpjʊdəns/

impudence

impudence
Meaning
Rude and disrespectful behavior.
Example
The student's impudence shocked the entire class.
L'impudence de l'étudiant a choqué toute la classe.
C2 noun /ˈɪntəˌkrɒpɪŋ/

intercropping

cultures intercalaires
Meaning
The agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops simultaneously in the same field to maximize land use efficiency and improve soil health.
Example
Intercropping can help improve soil fertility and pest control.
Les cultures intercalaires peuvent aider à améliorer la fertilité du sol et à contrôler les ravageurs.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈsprɛsəbl/

inexpressible

inexprimable
Meaning
Too strong or extreme to be expressed in words.
Example
She felt inexpressible joy at the news of her success.
Elle ressentit une joie inexprimable en apprenant son succès.
C2 noun /ˌɪməʊˈbɪləti/

immobility

immobilité
Meaning
The state of being unable to move.
Example
After the accident, she suffered from immobility in her legs.
Après l'accident, elle a souffert d'immobilité dans ses jambes.
C2 noun /ˌɪntərˈsɛsər/

intercessor

intercesseur
Meaning
a person who intervenes or pleads on behalf of another
Example
He acted as an intercessor to resolve the conflict between the two families.
Il a agi en tant qu'intercesseur pour résoudre le conflit entre les deux familles.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnˈekspɜːrt/

inexpert

inexpérimenté
Meaning
not skilled or experienced; lacking expertise
Example
The inexpert handling of the machine caused several mistakes.
La manipulation inexpérimentée de la machine a causé plusieurs erreurs.
C2 verb /ˈɪməleɪt/

immolate

immoler
Meaning
To kill or sacrifice, especially by burning.
Example
The protesters threatened to immolate themselves in front of the building.
Les manifestants ont menacé de s'immoler devant le bâtiment.
C2 verb /ɪnˈveɪɡəl/

inveigle

manipuler
Meaning
To persuade someone to do something by deception or flattery.
Example
She inveigled him into signing the contract.
Elle l'a dupé pour qu'il signe le contrat.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɔːrtʃənət/

importunate

importun
Meaning
Persistent to the point of annoyance or intrusion
Example
The importunate salesman kept calling despite repeated refusals.
Le vendeur importun a continué à appeler malgré les refus répétés.
C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈlɪdʒəs/

irreligious

irréligieux
Meaning
Indifferent or hostile to religion
Example
Some people in the community consider him irreligious because he never attends religious services.
Certaines personnes dans la communauté le considèrent comme irréligieux car il ne va jamais aux services religieux.