exquisite
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C1 adjective ɪkˈskwɪzɪt

exquisite

exquis
Meaning
Extremely beautiful and delicate.
Example
The exquisite craftsmanship of the watch made it a collector's item.
Le savoir-faire exquis de la montre en a fait un objet de collection.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈstreɪ.ni.əs/

extraneous

non pertinent
Meaning
Not directly related or essential to the matter at hand; irrelevant.
Example
The editor removed extraneous details from the report.
L'éditeur a supprimé les détails non pertinents du rapport.
C1 noun /ˈiːkwɪnɒks/

equinox

équilibre entre le jour et la nuit
Meaning
The time or date when day and night are of equal length, occurring twice a year.
Example
The spring equinox marks the beginning of longer days.
L'équinoxe de printemps marque le début des journées plus longues.
C1 adjective /ˈɪəri/

eerie

étrange
Meaning
Strange and frightening in a mysterious way.
Example
The abandoned house had an eerie silence.
La maison abandonnée avait un étrange silence.
C1 adjective ˌɜː.ɡəˈnɒm.ɪk

ergonomic

conception ergonomique
Meaning
Designed for efficiency and comfort in the working environment; user-friendly and reducing strain.
Example
The chair has an ergonomic design for better posture.
La chaise a un design ergonomique pour une meilleure posture.
C1 adjective ɛnˈdɛm.ɪk

endemic

endémique
Meaning
Native and restricted to a certain place.
Example
The Bengal tiger is endemic to the Indian subcontinent.
Le tigre du Bengale est endémique du sous-continent indien.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsɜːrkəl/

encircle

entourer
Meaning
to form a circle around something
Example
The protesters encircled the building in a human chain.
Les manifestants ont entouré le bâtiment dans une chaîne humaine.
C1 noun /ɪkˈspoʊnənt/

exponent

exposant
Meaning
a person who supports, promotes, or explains an idea; in math, a symbol denoting power
Example
She is a leading exponent of modern dance.
Elle est une des principales exposantes de la danse moderne.
C1 noun /ɪˌmæn.sɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/

Emancipation

émancipation
Meaning
the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions
Example
The emancipation of slaves was a significant moment in American history.
L'émancipation des esclaves a été un moment significatif dans l'histoire américaine.
C1 noun /iːl/

Eel

anguille
Meaning
a long, snake-like fish that lives in both fresh and salt water
Example
The electric eel can generate powerful electric shocks.
L’anguille électrique peut produire de puissantes décharges électriques.
C1 verb /ɪɡˈzɔːlt/

exalt

exalter, honorer
Meaning
to praise highly or raise in rank, honor, or power
Example
The community exalted the teacher for his dedication.
La communauté a exalté l'enseignant pour son dévouement.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɡreɪnd/

engrained

profondément enraciné, difficile à changer
Meaning
Firmly fixed or established; difficult to change.
Example
Cultural practices are often deeply engrained in the fabric of society.
Les pratiques culturelles sont souvent profondément enracinées dans le tissu de la société.
C1 noun /ˌɛksɪˈkjuːʃənər/

executioner

bourreau
Meaning
A person who carries out a death sentence by execution.
Example
The executioner prepared the gallows for the condemned prisoner.
Le bourreau a préparé la potence pour le prisonnier condamné.
C1 verb /ɪnˈɡroʊs/

engross

absorbée
Meaning
to absorb all the attention or interest of someone
Example
She was so engrossed in the book that she forgot the time.
Elle était tellement absorbée dans le livre qu'elle a oublié l'heure.
C1 adjective /ˈed.jʊ.keɪ.tɪv/

Educative

éducatif; informatif
Meaning
providing education; instructive; informative
Example
The documentary was highly educative and informative.
Le documentaire était très éducatif et informatif.
C1 noun /ɪˈleɪʃən/

elation

extase
Meaning
A feeling of great happiness and excitement.
Example
His elation was evident after winning the championship.
Son extase était évidente après avoir gagné le championnat.
C1 noun /ˈɛmbləm/

emblem

emblème
Meaning
A symbolic object, design, or figure representing an idea, group, or identity.
Example
The dove is an emblem of peace.
La colombe est un emblème de la paix.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstriː.mɪst/

Extremist

extrémiste
Meaning
a person who holds extreme political or religious views
Example
The government is taking measures to prevent extremist activities.
Le gouvernement prend des mesures pour prévenir les activités extrémistes.
C1 verb ɪˈræd.ɪ.keɪt

eradicate

éradiquer
Meaning
To destroy completely; to put an end to something undesirable.
Example
Vaccination programs help eradicate infectious diseases.
Les programmes de vaccination aident à éradiquer les maladies infectieuses.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmɜːrdʒənt/

emergent

émergent
Meaning
just coming into existence or becoming prominent
Example
The emergent startup quickly attracted investors.
La startup émergente a rapidement attiré des investisseurs.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːrstwaɪl/

erstwhile

ancien
Meaning
former or in the past
Example
They were erstwhile friends but no longer speak.
Ils étaient des amis anciens, mais ils ne parlent plus.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstræv.ə.ɡəns/

Extravagance

dépense excessive; gaspillage
Meaning
lack of restraint in spending money; excessive expense
Example
The wedding celebration was criticized for its unnecessary extravagance.
La célébration du mariage a été critiquée pour son extravagance inutile.
C1 verb /ˈɛnərˌdʒaɪz/

energize

énergiser
Meaning
To give energy or vitality to something or someone.
Example
The motivational speech helped energize the team.
Le discours motivant a aidé à énergiser l'équipe.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtaɪs/

entice

attirer
Meaning
to attract or tempt someone by offering something appealing
Example
The advertisement was designed to entice customers into the store.
La publicité a été conçue pour attirer les clients dans le magasin.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstrɛmɪti/

extremity

extrémité
Meaning
The farthest point or limit of something; a severe or extreme condition.
Example
He was pushed to the extremity of his patience.
Il a été poussé à l'extrême de sa patience.
C1 noun /ˈɛpɪθɛt/

epithet

épithète
Meaning
A descriptive phrase or word used to characterize someone or something, often as a nickname.
Example
He earned the epithet ‘The Great’ for his remarkable achievements.
Il a gagné l'épithète ‘Le Grand’ pour ses réalisations remarquables.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈsaɪtəbl̩/

excitable

excitable
Meaning
easily excited or emotionally aroused
Example
The child was excitable and laughed at every small thing.
L'enfant était excitable et riait de chaque petite chose.
C1 adjective /ɪˈfɛm.ər.əl/

ephemeral

éphémère
Meaning
Lasting for a very short time; temporary or transitory.
Example
The beauty of cherry blossoms is ephemeral.
La beauté des fleurs de cerisier est éphémère.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkæp.sjʊ.leɪt/

encapsulate

encapsuler
Meaning
To express the essential features of something succinctly; to summarize or contain within.
Example
The introduction should encapsulate the main points of the article.
L'introduction doit encapsuler les points principaux de l'article.
C1 verb /iːk/

eke

étirer
Meaning
to make a small amount of something last longer by using it sparingly
Example
The family tried to eke out their savings during the tough months.
La famille a essayé de faire durer ses économies pendant les mois difficiles.
C1 noun /ɪˈvændʒəlɪst/

evangelist

évangéliste
Meaning
A person who seeks to convert others to the Christian faith, especially by public preaching.
Example
The evangelist traveled across the country spreading his message.
L'évangéliste a voyagé à travers le pays en diffusant son message.
C1 noun /eb/

Ebb

reflux; marée descendante
Meaning
the receding tide; a gradual decline or reduction
Example
The fishermen waited for the ebb before returning to shore.
Les pêcheurs ont attendu le reflux avant de retourner à la rive.
C1 verb /ɪnˈlaɪvən/

enliven

animer
Meaning
to make something more lively, interesting, or cheerful
Example
Her jokes helped enliven the dull meeting.
Ses blagues ont aidé à animer la réunion ennuyeuse.
C1 noun /ˈɒntʊrɑːʒ/

entourage

entourage
Meaning
A group of people attending or surrounding an important person.
Example
The celebrity arrived with her entourage of assistants and bodyguards.
La célébrité est arrivée avec son entourage d'assistants et de gardes du corps.
C1 adjective ɪˌlektrəʊmæɡˈnetɪk

electromagnetic

électromagnétique
Meaning
Relating to both electricity and magnetism or their interaction.
Example
Electromagnetic forces repel protons.
Les forces électromagnétiques repoussent les protons.
C1 noun /ɪkˈspʌlʃən/

expulsion

expulsion
Meaning
The act of forcing someone to leave a place, especially a school or country.
Example
His constant misbehavior led to his expulsion from school.
Son comportement constant a conduit à son expulsion de l'école.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈbrɔɪld/

embroiled

embroilé
Meaning
being deeply involved in a difficult situation, conflict, or scandal
Example
She found herself embroiled in a heated family dispute.
Elle s'est retrouvée embroilée dans un conflit familial intense.
C1 verb /ɪnˈreɪdʒ/

enrage

mettre en colère
Meaning
To make someone extremely angry.
Example
His unfair remarks enraged the audience.
Ses remarques injustes ont mis en colère le public.
C1 noun /ˌiː.kwɪˈlɪb.ri.əm/

equilibrium

équilibre
Meaning
A state of physical balance or stability in physical, mental, or economic conditions.
Example
The market reached an equilibrium between supply and demand.
Le marché a atteint un équilibre entre l'offre et la demande.
C1 noun /ˈiːɡoʊˌtɪzəm/

egotism

égotisme
Meaning
The practice of talking and thinking about oneself excessively because of an inflated sense of self-importance.
Example
His constant boasting revealed his egotism.
Ses vantardises constantes ont révélé son égotisme.
C1 verb /ɛtʃ/

etch

graver
Meaning
to cut or carve a design onto a surface
Example
The artist etched her initials into the glass.
L'artiste a gravé ses initiales dans le verre.
C1 adjective /ɪˈspeʃəl/

especial

spécial
Meaning
Particularly remarkable or significant; distinguished from others
Example
This is an especial opportunity you should not miss.
C'est une occasion spéciale que vous ne devriez pas manquer.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːr.nɪst/

Earnest

sérieux; authentique; montrant une conviction profonde et sérieuse
Meaning
sincere; genuine; showing deep and serious conviction
Example
He made an earnest attempt to solve the problem.
Il a fait une tentative sérieuse pour résoudre le problème.
C1 noun /ɪmˈbɑː.ɡoʊ/

embargo

embargo commercial
Meaning
A trade ban, restriction, or prohibition imposed by a government or international organization on a country.
Example
The UN imposed an embargo on arms exports.
L'ONU a imposé un embargo sur les exportations d'armes.
C1 noun ˈeʃ.ə.lɒn

echelon

niveau, rang, échelon
Meaning
A level or rank in an organization, a profession, or society.
Example
He climbed to the upper echelon of the corporate world.
Il a grimpé au sommet de l'échelon du monde des affaires.
C1 verb /ˈɪə.mɑːrk/

earmark

affecter
Meaning
To designate funds, resources, or time for a particular purpose.
Example
The government has earmarked funds for education.
Le gouvernement a affecté des fonds pour l'éducation.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzæktɪŋ/

exacting

exigeant
Meaning
demanding a lot of effort, attention, or precision
Example
She is known for her exacting standards in design.
Elle est connue pour ses normes exigeantes en design.
C1 noun ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm ˈsɜːvɪsɪz

ecosystem services

services écosystémiques
Meaning
The benefits people obtain from ecosystems.
Example
Forests provide valuable ecosystem services, such as purifying air and water.
Les forêts fournissent des services écosystémiques précieux, comme la purification de l'air et de l'eau.
C1 adjective ɪˈroʊ.ni.əs

erroneous

erroné, incorrect
Meaning
Wrong; incorrect.
Example
His assumptions were completely erroneous.
Ses hypothèses étaient complètement erronées.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈθrɔː.lɪŋ/

enthralling

captivant
Meaning
Captivating and holding one's attention completely; fascinating.
Example
The movie was enthralling, keeping the audience engaged till the end.
Le film était captivant, maintenant le public engagé jusqu'à la fin.
C1 noun /ˈɛpɪˌlɔːɡ/

epilogue

épilogue
Meaning
A section at the end of a book, play, or speech that serves as a conclusion.
Example
The author included an epilogue to explain what happened to the characters later.
L'auteur a inclus un épilogue pour expliquer ce qui est arrivé aux personnages par la suite.
C1 noun /ˌekspəˈzɪʃən/

exposition

exposition
Meaning
a detailed explanation or a large public exhibition
Example
The scientist gave a clear exposition of the theory.
Le scientifique a donné une explication claire de la théorie.
C1 noun /juːˈfɔː.ri.ə/

euphoria

euphorie, joie extrême, excitation
Meaning
A feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness; elation.
Example
Winning the championship brought a sense of euphoria.
Gagner le championnat a provoqué un sentiment d'euphorie.
C1 noun /ˈiː.zi tʃeər/

Easy-chair

fauteuil
Meaning
a comfortable chair with arms and a back that reclines
Example
He relaxed in his favorite easy-chair after work.
Il s'est détendu dans son fauteuil préféré après le travail.
C1 noun /ˈiːdɪkt/

edict

édit
Meaning
An official order, proclamation, or decree issued by an authority.
Example
The king issued an edict banning smoking in public places.
Le roi a émis un édit interdisant de fumer dans les lieux publics.
C1 verb /ɪnˈʃraɪn/

enshrine

préserver ou chérir quelque chose comme sacré ou important
Meaning
to preserve or cherish something as sacred or important
Example
The constitution enshrines the right to freedom of speech.
La constitution consacre le droit à la liberté d'expression.
C1 noun /ˌɛks.həˈleɪ.ʃən/

exhalation

expiration
Meaning
The action of breathing out.
Example
Slow exhalation calms the nervous system.
Une expiration lente calme le système nerveux.
C1 verb /ˈɛm.ə.neɪt/

emanate

émaner
Meaning
To come out or spread from a source.
Example
A sweet fragrance emanated from the garden.
Une douce fragrance émana du jardin.
C1 noun /ˈem.ɪ.nəns/

Eminence

fame; supériorité
Meaning
fame or recognized superiority; high rank or status
Example
The professor achieved eminence in the field of quantum physics.
Le professeur a atteint la célébrité dans le domaine de la physique quantique.
C1 adverb /ˈiːstwədz/

Eastwards

vers l'est
Meaning
towards the east; in an eastern direction
Example
The river flows eastwards into the ocean.
La rivière coule vers l'est dans l'océan.
C1 verb /ˈɛkstrɪkeɪt/

extricate

dégager
Meaning
To free someone or something from a constraint or difficulty.
Example
The firefighters extricated the passengers from the wrecked car.
Les pompiers ont extriqué les passagers de la voiture accidentée.
C1 adjective /ɪˌlɪzəˈbiːθən/

elizabethan

époque élisabéthaine
Meaning
Relating to the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England (1558–1603), especially the style of that period.
Example
Shakespeare wrote many of his plays during the Elizabethan era.
Shakespeare a écrit de nombreuses pièces pendant l'époque élisabéthaine.
C1 verb /ɪnˈɡreɪv/

engrave

graver
Meaning
to cut or carve a design, letter, or pattern into a hard surface
Example
The craftsman engraved her name on the silver ring.
L'artisan a gravé son nom sur la bague en argent.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːrθ.li/

Earthly

terrestre; mondain; matériel
Meaning
relating to the earth or human life; worldly; material rather than spiritual
Example
He focused on earthly pleasures rather than spiritual growth.
Il s'est concentré sur les plaisirs terrestres plutôt que sur la croissance spirituelle.
C1 adjective /ɪˈstreɪndʒd/

estranged

éloigné
Meaning
no longer close or affectionate with someone; alienated
Example
She felt estranged from her family after the long dispute.
Elle se sentait éloignée de sa famille après le long différend.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdjʊər.ə.bəl/

Endurable

supportable
Meaning
able to be endured; bearable; tolerable
Example
The pain was endurable with proper medication.
La douleur était supportable avec un médicament approprié.
C1 adjective /ˌɛvərˈlæstɪŋ/

everlasting

éternel
Meaning
Lasting forever or for an indefinitely long time.
Example
The poet wrote about his everlasting love for nature.
Le poète a écrit sur son amour éternel pour la nature.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdɪrmənt/

endearment

mot d'affection
Meaning
A word or phrase expressing affection or love.
Example
She whispered a gentle endearment to her child.
Elle a murmuré un mot d'affection à son enfant.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmeɪʃieɪtɪd/

emaciated

émacié
Meaning
Abnormally thin or weak, usually due to illness or lack of food.
Example
The emaciated dog was rescued from the abandoned house.
Le chien émacié a été sauvé de la maison abandonnée.
C1 noun /ɪˈlɪpsɪs/

ellipsis

ellipse
Meaning
The omission of words in a sentence, represented by three dots (...).
Example
The writer used an ellipsis to show that part of the quote was omitted.
L'écrivain a utilisé une ellipse pour montrer qu'une partie de la citation a été omise.
C1 verb /ɪˈnjuːməˌreɪt/

enumerate

énumérer
Meaning
to mention things one by one; to list or count
Example
She enumerated the reasons for her decision.
Elle a énuméré les raisons de sa décision.
C1 adjective /ɪˈstiːmd/

Esteemed

estimé
Meaning
respected and admired; held in high regard
Example
He is an esteemed professor at the university.
Il est un professeur estimé à l'université.
C1 adjective /ɪˈklɛktɪk/

eclectic

éclectique
Meaning
Selecting or deriving ideas, styles, or tastes from a broad and diverse range of sources.
Example
Her taste in music is eclectic, ranging from classical to hip-hop.
Ses goûts en musique sont éclectiques, allant de la musique classique au hip-hop.
C1 verb /ɪˈleɪt/

elate

rendre heureux
Meaning
To make someone very happy or proud.
Example
The success of the project elated the whole team.
Le succès du projet a ravi toute l'équipe.
C1 adjective /ˌiːɡəˈtɪstɪkəl/

egotistical

égocentrique
Meaning
Excessively self-absorbed or conceited.
Example
Her egotistical behavior made it difficult for her to maintain friendships.
Son comportement égocentrique rendait difficile le maintien de ses amitiés.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtʃænt/

enchant

enchanter
Meaning
to delight or charm greatly; to cast a spell over
Example
The storyteller enchanted the children with his tales.
Le conteur a enchanté les enfants avec ses histoires.
C1 noun /ˈen.mə.ti/

Enmity

ennemi
Meaning
a state or feeling of active opposition or hostility
Example
The enmity between the two families lasted for generations.
L'hostilité entre les deux familles a duré des générations.
C1 noun /ˈɪrˌplʌɡ/

earplug

bouchon d'oreille
Meaning
a device inserted into the ear to block out noise or water
Example
He wore earplugs to sleep during the noisy night.
Il portait des bouchons d'oreilles pour dormir pendant la nuit bruyante.
C1 verb /ɪɡˈzɒnəreɪt/

exonerate

exonérer
Meaning
To clear someone from blame or accusation.
Example
The court exonerated her from all charges.
Le tribunal l'a exonérée de toutes les charges.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪv/

exhaustive

exhaustif et complet
Meaning
Fully comprehensive and including all possibilities.
Example
The report provides an exhaustive analysis of the issue.
Le rapport fournit une analyse exhaustive du problème.
C1 verb /ˈɛkˌsaɪz/

excise

exciser
Meaning
to cut out or remove completely, often by surgery
Example
The surgeon excised the tumor successfully.
Le chirurgien a excisé la tumeur avec succès.
C1 adjective ɪˈveɪ.sɪv

evasive

évasif, rusé, flou
Meaning
Tending to avoid commitment or self-revelation, especially by responding only indirectly.
Example
He gave an evasive answer to avoid trouble.
Il a donné une réponse évasive pour éviter les ennuis.
C1 verb /ɪˈspaʊz/

espouse

adopter
Meaning
To adopt or support a cause, belief, or way of life.
Example
She espoused the philosophy of nonviolence throughout her career.
Elle a adopté la philosophie de la non-violence tout au long de sa carrière.
C1 noun /ˈɛksələnsɪ/

excellency

excellence
Meaning
a title of honor for people of high rank, especially ambassadors or governors
Example
His Excellency the Ambassador attended the ceremony.
Son Excellence l'Ambassadeur a assisté à la cérémonie.
C1 adjective /ɪˈɡriːdʒəs/

egregious

atroce
Meaning
Outstandingly bad; shocking.
Example
The company was fined for its egregious safety violations.
L'entreprise a été condamnée à une amende pour ses violations atroces de la sécurité.
C1 noun/adjective /ɪˈliːtɪst/

elitist

élitiste
Meaning
A person who believes that a society should be led by an elite; showing preference for a privileged class.
Example
His elitist attitude made him unpopular among his peers.
Son attitude élitiste l'a rendu impopulaire parmi ses pairs.
C1 adjective /ˌiːvænˈdʒɛlɪkəl/

evangelical

évangélique
Meaning
Relating to the Christian gospel, especially the teachings that emphasize personal faith and the authority of the Bible.
Example
She grew up in an evangelical church community.
Elle a grandi dans une communauté chrétienne évangélique.
C1 noun /ˈɛləkwəns/

eloquence

éloquence
Meaning
Fluent or persuasive speaking or writing.
Example
His eloquence in speech won him great respect.
Son éloquence dans le discours lui a valu un grand respect.
C1 noun /ɪkˌsperɪˈmɛnteɪʃən/

experimentation

expérimentation
Meaning
The process of performing a scientific procedure to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.
Example
Experimentation leads to groundbreaking products.
L'expérimentation mène à des produits révolutionnaires.
C1 adjective /ˌɛnɪɡˈmætɪk/

enigmatic

énigmatique
Meaning
mysterious and difficult to interpret or understand
Example
He gave me an enigmatic smile.
Il m'a donné un sourire énigmatique.
C1 verb /ɪˈvɪkt/

evict

expulser
Meaning
To expel someone from a property, usually by legal process.
Example
The landlord decided to evict the tenants for not paying rent.
Le propriétaire a décidé d'expulser les locataires pour non-paiement du loyer.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈskruːʃieɪtɪŋ/

excruciating

atroce
Meaning
causing extreme physical or mental pain
Example
She was in excruciating pain after the accident.
Elle était dans une douleur atroce après l'accident.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈspiːdiənt/

expedient

commode
Meaning
suitable or convenient for achieving a particular end, sometimes at the expense of morality
Example
It was expedient to take the shortcut despite the risks.
Il était commode de prendre le raccourci malgré les risques.
C1 noun /ˈɛn.kleɪv/

enclave

enclave
Meaning
a distinct area or group enclosed within a larger one
Example
The city has a small Italian enclave where traditions are preserved.
La ville possède un petit enclave italien où les traditions sont préservées.
C1 noun /ɪˈpɪt.ə.mi/

epitome

un exemple parfait d'une qualité ou d'un type particulier; la meilleure représentation de quelque chose
Meaning
A perfect example of a particular quality or type; the best representation of something.
Example
She is the epitome of grace and kindness.
Elle est l'épitomé de la grâce et de la gentillesse.
C1 verb /ɪˈkɒnəmaɪz/

economize

économiser
Meaning
To reduce spending or use resources carefully.
Example
Families are trying to economize by cutting unnecessary expenses.
Les familles essaient d'économiser en réduisant les dépenses inutiles.
C1 adjective /ɪˈluːsɪv/

elusive

difficile à trouver
Meaning
Difficult to find, catch, or achieve; hard to understand or define.
Example
The solution to the problem proved elusive.
La solution au problème s'est avérée difficile à trouver.
C1 verb /ɪˈmænsɪpeɪt/

emancipate

émanciper
Meaning
to set someone free from legal, social, or political restrictions; to liberate from slavery or oppression
Example
The law was designed to emancipate slaves and grant them full citizenship.
La loi a été conçue pour émanciper les esclaves et leur accorder la pleine citoyenneté.
C1 noun /ˈiːɡətɪst/

egotist

égocentrique
Meaning
A person who is excessively self-centered or talks too much about themselves.
Example
The egotist dominated the conversation by talking only about his own achievements.
L'égocentrique a dominé la conversation en parlant uniquement de ses propres réalisations.
C1 adjective ɪmˈpɪr.ɪ.kəl

empirical

empirique ou basé sur l'expérience
Meaning
Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
Example
Scientific research relies on empirical evidence.
La recherche scientifique repose sur des preuves empiriques.
C1 verb /ˈiːvzdrɒp/

eavesdrop

écouter en cachette
Meaning
to secretly listen to a conversation
Example
She stood near the door to eavesdrop on their conversation.
Elle était près de la porte pour écouter discrètement leur conversation.
C1 adjective /ˌɛk.spəˈnɛn.ʃəl/

exponential

croissance rapide ou expansion à un taux croissant
Meaning
Rapid growth or expansion at an increasing rate
Example
Technology is advancing at an exponential rate.
La technologie progresse à un rythme exponentiel.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstoʊl/

extol

exalter
Meaning
to praise enthusiastically and highly
Example
The teacher extolled the student's dedication and hard work.
Le professeur a exalté le dévouement et le travail acharné de l'étudiant.
C1 verb /ɪɡˈzæspəˌreɪt/

exasperate

exaspérer
Meaning
to irritate or annoy intensely
Example
His constant complaints began to exasperate his coworkers.
Ses plaintes constantes ont commencé à exaspérer ses collègues.
C1 verb /ɪmˈboʊl.dən/

embolden

encourager
Meaning
To give someone the courage or confidence to do something.
Example
The coach's words emboldened the team to play aggressively.
Les paroles de l'entraîneur ont encouragé l'équipe à jouer de manière agressive.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔːr.bɪ.tənt/

exorbitant

exorbitant
Meaning
Unreasonably high in price or cost; excessive.
Example
The hotel charged an exorbitant price for a basic room.
L'hôtel a facturé un prix exorbitant pour une chambre basique.
C1 adjective /ˌɛpɪˈsɒdɪk/

episodic

épisodique
Meaning
Happening occasionally or in separate parts; related to episodes.
Example
Her interest in art was episodic, coming and going over the years.
Son intérêt pour l'art était épisoidique, venant et allant au fil des années.
C1 noun /ɛnˈdɔːr.fɪnz/

endorphins

endorphine
Meaning
Chemical compounds produced by the brain that reduce pain and create feelings of happiness.
Example
Exercise releases endorphins, reducing stress and pain.
L'exercice libère des endorphines, réduisant le stress et la douleur.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstɔːrt/

extort

extorquer
Meaning
to obtain something, especially money, by force, threats, or unfair means
Example
The gang attempted to extort money from local shopkeepers.
Le gang a tenté d'extorquer de l'argent aux commerçants locaux.
C1 noun /ˈiːɡoʊˌɪzəm/

egoism

égoïsme
Meaning
An ethical theory that treats self-interest as the foundation of morality; also, excessive preoccupation with oneself.
Example
His decisions were often driven by egoism rather than concern for others.
Ses décisions étaient souvent motivées par l'égoïsme plutôt que par la préoccupation pour les autres.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈspænsɪv/

expansive

expansif
Meaning
covering a wide area or having a wide range of ideas or emotions
Example
They enjoyed the expansive view from the hilltop.
Ils ont apprécié la vue expansive depuis le sommet de la colline.
C1 noun /ˈjuːlədʒi/

eulogy

éloge funèbre
Meaning
A speech or piece of writing that praises someone, especially after their death.
Example
Her brother delivered a heartfelt eulogy at the funeral.
Son frère a prononcé un éloge funèbre émouvant lors des funérailles.
C1 verb /ɪnˈdɪr/

endear

rendre aimable
Meaning
To cause someone to be loved or liked.
Example
Her kindness and generosity endeared her to the community.
Sa gentillesse et sa générosité l'ont rendue aimable à la communauté.
C1 noun ˈiː.pɒk

epoch

époque
Meaning
A period of time in history or a person's life, typically one marked by notable events or particular characteristics.
Example
The invention of the internet marked a new epoch in human history.
L'invention d'internet a marqué une nouvelle époque dans l'histoire humaine.
C1 adjective /ɛsˈθɛtɪk/

esthetic

esthétique
Meaning
Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.
Example
The building’s esthetic design attracted many visitors.
Le design esthétique du bâtiment a attiré de nombreux visiteurs.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnæmərd/

enamored

amoureux
Meaning
filled with love or admiration
Example
He became enamored with classical music after attending the concert.
Il est devenu amoureux de la musique classique après avoir assisté au concert.
C1 noun /ɛkˈspeɪtriət/

expatriate

expatrié
Meaning
a person who lives outside their native country
Example
Many expatriates gather in the city’s international community.
De nombreux expatriés se rassemblent dans la communauté internationale de la ville.
C1 noun ɪɡˌzæs.pəˈreɪ.ʃən

exasperation

exaspération
Meaning
Extreme irritation or frustration.
Example
He sighed in exasperation after hearing the same excuse again.
Il soupira d'exaspération après avoir entendu la même excuse à nouveau.
C1 noun /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/

etymology

étymologie
Meaning
The study of the origin of words and how their meanings and forms have evolved.
Example
The etymology of the word 'salary' comes from the Latin word for salt.
L'étymologie du mot 'salaire' vient du mot latin pour sel.
C1 noun ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl ˌtræns.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən

environmental transformation

transformation environnementale
Meaning
A significant change in environmental conditions or ecological systems.
Example
The city demonstrates environmental transformation.
La ville montre une transformation environnementale.
C1 verb /ɪˈlæps/

elapse

s'écouler
Meaning
to pass or go by, usually referring to time
Example
Several hours elapsed before he finally returned home.
Plusieurs heures se sont écoulées avant qu'il ne revienne finalement à la maison.