expatriate
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C1 noun /ɛkˈspeɪtriət/

expatriate

expatrié
Meaning
a person who lives outside their native country
Example
Many expatriates gather in the city’s international community.
De nombreux expatriés se rassemblent dans la communauté internationale de la ville.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɒtɪk/

erotic

érotique
Meaning
relating to or tending to arouse sexual desire or excitement
Example
The novel contained several erotic scenes.
Le roman contenait plusieurs scènes érotiques.
C1 noun /ˈiːzl̩/

easel

support pour toile
Meaning
a frame for supporting an artist's canvas while painting or drawing
Example
The artist placed the canvas on the easel before starting to paint.
L'artiste a placé la toile sur le chevalet avant de commencer à peindre.
C1 noun /ˌɛks.həˈleɪ.ʃən/

exhalation

expiration
Meaning
The action of breathing out.
Example
Slow exhalation calms the nervous system.
Une expiration lente calme le système nerveux.
C1 verb /ɪmˈbrɔɪdər/

embroider

broder
Meaning
to decorate fabric with patterns using a needle and thread
Example
She embroidered flowers on the pillowcase.
Elle a brodé des fleurs sur la taie d'oreiller.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈspænsɪv/

expansive

expansif
Meaning
covering a wide area or having a wide range of ideas or emotions
Example
They enjoyed the expansive view from the hilltop.
Ils ont apprécié la vue expansive depuis le sommet de la colline.
C1 adjective /ˌɛpɪˈsɒdɪk/

episodic

épisodique
Meaning
Happening occasionally or in separate parts; related to episodes.
Example
Her interest in art was episodic, coming and going over the years.
Son intérêt pour l'art était épisoidique, venant et allant au fil des années.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtʃænt/

enchant

enchanter
Meaning
to delight or charm greatly; to cast a spell over
Example
The storyteller enchanted the children with his tales.
Le conteur a enchanté les enfants avec ses histoires.
C1 adjective /ˌiːɡoʊˈsentrɪk/

egocentric

égocentrique
Meaning
thinking only about yourself and not about others
Example
His egocentric behavior annoyed everyone at the meeting.
Son comportement égocentrique a agacé tout le monde à la réunion.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɡroʊst/

engrossed

absorbé
Meaning
completely absorbed or deeply involved in something
Example
She was so engrossed in the book that she forgot the time.
Elle était tellement absorbée dans le livre qu'elle a oublié l'heure.
C1 adjective, verb /ɪɡˈzɛmpt/

exempt

exempté
Meaning
Free from an obligation or liability imposed on others.
Example
Students with high grades are exempt from the final exam.
Les étudiants ayant de bonnes notes sont exemptés de l'examen final.
C1 adjective /ˌɛm.briˈɒn.ɪk/

embryonic

embryonnaire
Meaning
in an early or undeveloped stage; relating to an embryo
Example
The project is still in its embryonic stage.
Le projet est encore à son stade embryonnaire.
C1 noun /ɪkˈskriːʃən/

excretion

excrétion
Meaning
the process of eliminating waste matter from the body
Example
Excretion is vital for maintaining a healthy body.
L'excrétion est vitale pour maintenir un corps sain.
C1 verb /ˈɛkskəˌveɪt/

excavate

bonheur
Meaning
to dig out or remove earth carefully, often for building or archaeological purposes
Example
The workers excavated the site to prepare for construction.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur quand elle a reçu le prix.
C1 adjective ɪˈveɪ.sɪv

evasive

évasif, rusé, flou
Meaning
Tending to avoid commitment or self-revelation, especially by responding only indirectly.
Example
He gave an evasive answer to avoid trouble.
Il a donné une réponse évasive pour éviter les ennuis.
C1 adjective /ɪˈluːsɪv/

elusive

difficile à trouver
Meaning
Difficult to find, catch, or achieve; hard to understand or define.
Example
The solution to the problem proved elusive.
La solution au problème s'est avérée difficile à trouver.
C1 verb /ɪˈkweɪt/

equate

assimiler
Meaning
To consider as equal or equivalent.
Example
Many people equate wealth with success.
Beaucoup de gens assimilent la richesse au succès.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈsplɔɪtətɪv/

exploitative

exploitant
Meaning
making use of a situation or people unfairly and unethically for one's own advantage
Example
The workers protested against the exploitative practices of the factory.
Les travailleurs ont protesté contre les pratiques exploitantes de l'usine.
C1 noun /ˈɜːr.θən pɒt/

Earthen pot

pot en terre cuite
Meaning
a container made of baked clay or earth, used for cooking or storing
Example
The earthen pot keeps water naturally cool in summer.
Le pot en terre cuite garde l'eau naturellement fraîche en été.
C1 noun ɪˌræd.ɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

eradication

éradication
Meaning
The complete destruction or elimination of something unwanted.
Example
Carbon eradication is a key goal of the project.
L'éradication du carbone est un objectif clé du projet.
C1 noun ɪnˈdaʊmənt

endowment

dote, don
Meaning
An income or form of property given or bequeathed to someone.
Example
The university received a large endowment for research.
L'université a reçu une grande dotation pour la recherche.
C1 adjective /ɪˈvæljʊətɪv/

evaluative

évaluatif
Meaning
Relating to or involving evaluation or assessment.
Example
The evaluative phase of the project involves assessing its success.
La phase évaluative du projet consiste à évaluer son succès.
C1 noun /ɪɡˈzuːbərəns/

exuberance

exubérance
Meaning
the quality of being full of energy, excitement, and cheerfulness
Example
Her exuberance made the whole team feel motivated.
Son exubérance a motivé toute l'équipe.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈskruːʃieɪtɪŋ/

excruciating

atroce
Meaning
causing extreme physical or mental pain
Example
She was in excruciating pain after the accident.
Elle était dans une douleur atroce après l'accident.
C1 noun ˈɛf.lu.ənt

effluent

eaux usées ou polluées
Meaning
Liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea.
Example
Factory effluent contaminates nearby rivers and lakes.
Les effluents des usines contaminent les rivières et les lacs voisins.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈfæt.ɪk/

Emphatic

ferme; fort; exprimé avec force et conviction
Meaning
forceful; strong; showing emphasis; expressed with force and conviction
Example
She gave an emphatic 'no' to the proposal.
Elle a donné un 'non' emphatique à la proposition.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnæmərd/

enamored

amoureux
Meaning
filled with love or admiration
Example
He became enamored with classical music after attending the concert.
Il est devenu amoureux de la musique classique après avoir assisté au concert.
C1 verb /ɛtʃ/

etch

graver
Meaning
to cut or carve a design onto a surface
Example
The artist etched her initials into the glass.
L'artiste a gravé ses initiales dans le verre.
C1 noun /ˈaɪ.wɪt.nəs/

Eyewitness

témoin oculaire
Meaning
a person who has seen something happen and can give evidence about it
Example
The police interviewed several eyewitnesses to the accident.
La police a interrogé plusieurs témoins oculaires de l'accident.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsɜːrkəl/

encircle

entourer
Meaning
to form a circle around something
Example
The protesters encircled the building in a human chain.
Les manifestants ont entouré le bâtiment dans une chaîne humaine.
C1 verb ɪɡˈzæsərbeɪt

exacerbate

aggraver
Meaning
To make a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling worse.
Example
Climate change exacerbates flooding issues.
Le changement climatique aggrave les problèmes d'inondation.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstɔːrt/

extort

extorquer
Meaning
to obtain something, especially money, by force, threats, or unfair means
Example
The gang attempted to extort money from local shopkeepers.
Le gang a tenté d'extorquer de l'argent aux commerçants locaux.
C1 noun ˌes.kəˈleɪ.ʃən

escalation

augmentation rapide; une montée.
Meaning
A rapid increase; a rise.
Example
The escalation of production costs impacts profitability.
L'escalade des coûts de production impacte la rentabilité.
C1 adjective /ˌɛvərˈlæstɪŋ/

everlasting

éternel
Meaning
Lasting forever or for an indefinitely long time.
Example
The poet wrote about his everlasting love for nature.
Le poète a écrit sur son amour éternel pour la nature.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstoʊl/

extol

exalter
Meaning
to praise enthusiastically and highly
Example
The teacher extolled the student's dedication and hard work.
Le professeur a exalté le dévouement et le travail acharné de l'étudiant.
C1 adverb ˌekspəˈnenʃəli

exponentially

exponentiellement
Meaning
At a rapidly increasing rate; growing or expanding very quickly and intensely.
Example
Internet adoption is growing exponentially worldwide.
L'adoption d'Internet croît de manière exponentielle dans le monde entier.
C1 verb /ɪnˈdʒen.dər/

engender

engendrer
Meaning
To cause or give rise to a feeling, situation, or condition.
Example
The speech engendered hope among the people.
Le discours a engendré de l'espoir parmi les gens.
C1 adjective ˌɜː.ɡəˈnɒm.ɪk

ergonomic

conception ergonomique
Meaning
Designed for efficiency and comfort in the working environment; user-friendly and reducing strain.
Example
The chair has an ergonomic design for better posture.
La chaise a un design ergonomique pour une meilleure posture.
C1 noun ɪˈpɪf.ə.ni

epiphany

révélation soudaine ou perspicacité
Meaning
A moment of sudden revelation or insight.
Example
He had an epiphany about his true purpose in life.
Il a eu une épiphanie sur son véritable but dans la vie.
C1 adjective ɛnˈdɛm.ɪk

endemic

endémique
Meaning
Native and restricted to a certain place.
Example
The Bengal tiger is endemic to the Indian subcontinent.
Le tigre du Bengale est endémique du sous-continent indien.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstɔːr.ʃən/

extortion

extorsion
Meaning
the practice of obtaining something, especially money, through force or threats
Example
The businessman was arrested for extortion after threatening his partner.
L'homme d'affaires a été arrêté pour extorsion après avoir menacé son partenaire.
C1 verb /ɪˈmænsɪpeɪt/

emancipate

émanciper
Meaning
to set someone free from legal, social, or political restrictions; to liberate from slavery or oppression
Example
The law was designed to emancipate slaves and grant them full citizenship.
La loi a été conçue pour émanciper les esclaves et leur accorder la pleine citoyenneté.
C1 adverb /ˈiːstwədz/

Eastwards

vers l'est
Meaning
towards the east; in an eastern direction
Example
The river flows eastwards into the ocean.
La rivière coule vers l'est dans l'océan.
C1 verb ɪɡˈzɛm.plɪ.faɪ

exemplify

illustrer
Meaning
To be a typical example of or to illustrate something clearly, to show as an example or demonstrate.
Example
His dedication exemplifies true leadership.
Sa dévotion illustre un véritable leadership.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmɜːrdʒənt/

emergent

émergent
Meaning
just coming into existence or becoming prominent
Example
The emergent startup quickly attracted investors.
La startup émergente a rapidement attiré des investisseurs.
C1 noun /ɪmˈbɑː.ɡoʊ/

embargo

embargo commercial
Meaning
A trade ban, restriction, or prohibition imposed by a government or international organization on a country.
Example
The UN imposed an embargo on arms exports.
L'ONU a imposé un embargo sur les exportations d'armes.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/

extinguish

éteindre
Meaning
to put out a fire, light, or to end something
Example
The firefighters managed to extinguish the blaze within an hour.
Les pompiers ont réussi à éteindre l'incendie en une heure.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈstreɪ.ni.əs/

extraneous

non pertinent
Meaning
Not directly related or essential to the matter at hand; irrelevant.
Example
The editor removed extraneous details from the report.
L'éditeur a supprimé les détails non pertinents du rapport.
C1 verb /ɪɡˈzɔːlt/

exalt

exalter, honorer
Meaning
to praise highly or raise in rank, honor, or power
Example
The community exalted the teacher for his dedication.
La communauté a exalté l'enseignant pour son dévouement.
C1 noun /ˈɛskəpeɪd/

escapade

aventure
Meaning
an adventurous, exciting, or reckless act
Example
Their summer escapade included camping and mountain climbing.
Leurs escapades estivales comprenaient du camping et de l'escalade en montagne.
C1 noun ˈiː.θɒs

ethos

l'esprit caractéristique d'une culture, d'une époque ou d'une communauté
Meaning
The characteristic spirit of a culture, era, or community as manifested in its beliefs and aspirations.
Example
The company's ethos is built on innovation and integrity.
L'éthos de l'entreprise repose sur l'innovation et l'intégrité.
C1 verb /ɪˈdʒektɪd/

ejected

expulser
Meaning
to force someone or something to leave a place; to push or throw something out forcefully
Example
The pilot was ejected from the aircraft during the emergency.
Le pilote a été éjecté de l'avion pendant l'urgence.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪv/

exhaustive

exhaustif et complet
Meaning
Fully comprehensive and including all possibilities.
Example
The report provides an exhaustive analysis of the issue.
Le rapport fournit une analyse exhaustive du problème.
C1 noun /ɪˈleɪʃən/

elation

extase
Meaning
A feeling of great happiness and excitement.
Example
His elation was evident after winning the championship.
Son extase était évidente après avoir gagné le championnat.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtaɪs/

entice

attirer
Meaning
to attract or tempt someone by offering something appealing
Example
The advertisement was designed to entice customers into the store.
La publicité a été conçue pour attirer les clients dans le magasin.
C1 noun ˌɛkstərˈnælɪtiz

externalities

externalité
Meaning
A side effect or consequence of an industrial or commercial activity.
Example
Pollution is a negative externality of industrialization.
La pollution est une externalité négative de l'industrialisation.
C1 adjective /ˈevər ˈlæstɪŋ/

Ever-lasting

éternel; permanent;
Meaning
eternal; permanent; enduring forever
Example
Their love is ever-lasting and will never fade.
Leur amour est éternel et ne s'éteindra jamais.
C1 adjective /ˈɛm.ɪ.nənt/

eminent

éminent
Meaning
Famous and respected within a particular sphere or profession.
Example
He is an eminent scientist known for groundbreaking research.
Il est un scientifique éminent connu pour ses recherches révolutionnaires.
C1 noun /ˈjuː.fə.mɪ.zəm/

euphemism

un terme doux ou indirect utilisé à la place de celui considéré trop direct ou dur
Meaning
A mild or indirect term substituted for one considered too harsh or direct; polite expression for something unpleasant.
Example
The phrase "passed away" is a euphemism for "died".
L'expression 'passé de l'autre côté' est un euphémisme pour 'mort'.
C1 noun /ˌekspəˈzɪʃən/

exposition

exposition
Meaning
a detailed explanation or a large public exhibition
Example
The scientist gave a clear exposition of the theory.
Le scientifique a donné une explication claire de la théorie.
C1 adjective ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈteə.ri.ən

egalitarian

égalitaire
Meaning
Believing in or based on the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
Example
The new law promotes an egalitarian society.
La nouvelle loi promeut une société égalitaire.
C1 noun /ɪˈpɪt.ə.mi/

epitome

un exemple parfait d'une qualité ou d'un type particulier; la meilleure représentation de quelque chose
Meaning
A perfect example of a particular quality or type; the best representation of something.
Example
She is the epitome of grace and kindness.
Elle est l'épitomé de la grâce et de la gentillesse.
C1 verb /ɪnˈɡroʊs/

engross

absorbée
Meaning
to absorb all the attention or interest of someone
Example
She was so engrossed in the book that she forgot the time.
Elle était tellement absorbée dans le livre qu'elle a oublié l'heure.
C1 noun /ˈɛksədəs/

exodus

exode
Meaning
A mass departure of people from a place.
Example
There was a sudden exodus of workers after the strike began.
Il y a eu un exode soudain des travailleurs après le début de la grève.
C1 verb /ɪnˈθjuːz/

enthuse

enthousiasmer
Meaning
to express excitement or admiration
Example
She enthused about her trip to Italy.
Elle a exprimé son enthousiasme à propos de son voyage en Italie.
C1 noun /ɪnˈtaɪərəti/

entirety

intégralité
Meaning
the whole of something; the complete form
Example
He watched the movie in its entirety.
Il a regardé le film dans son intégralité.
C1 adjective ɪˌlektrəʊmæɡˈnetɪk

electromagnetic

électromagnétique
Meaning
Relating to both electricity and magnetism or their interaction.
Example
Electromagnetic forces repel protons.
Les forces électromagnétiques repoussent les protons.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkrəʊtʃ/

encroach

bonheur
Meaning
to gradually take over or intrude on someone’s rights, territory, or space
Example
The buildings began to encroach on the protected forest land.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur quand elle a reçu le prix.
C1 verb /ɪɡˈzɒnəreɪt/

exonerate

exonérer
Meaning
To clear someone from blame or accusation.
Example
The court exonerated her from all charges.
Le tribunal l'a exonérée de toutes les charges.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔːr.bɪ.tənt/

exorbitant

exorbitant
Meaning
Unreasonably high in price or cost; excessive.
Example
The hotel charged an exorbitant price for a basic room.
L'hôtel a facturé un prix exorbitant pour une chambre basique.
C1 noun /ˈen.mə.ti/

Enmity

ennemi
Meaning
a state or feeling of active opposition or hostility
Example
The enmity between the two families lasted for generations.
L'hostilité entre les deux familles a duré des générations.
C1 verb /ɪnˈɡʌlf/

engulf

engloutir
Meaning
to completely surround or cover something or someone
Example
The village was engulfed by floodwaters.
Le village a été englouti par les eaux de crue.
C1 phrase ˈiː.kəʊˌsɪs.təm kəˈlæps

ecosystem collapse

effondrement de l'écosystème
Meaning
The complete breakdown of an ecological system, resulting in the inability to maintain its structure and function.
Example
Unchecked deforestation can lead to ecosystem collapse.
La déforestation incontrôlée peut conduire à l'effondrement de l'écosystème.
C1 noun /ˈiːɡoʊˌɪzəm/

egoism

égoïsme
Meaning
An ethical theory that treats self-interest as the foundation of morality; also, excessive preoccupation with oneself.
Example
His decisions were often driven by egoism rather than concern for others.
Ses décisions étaient souvent motivées par l'égoïsme plutôt que par la préoccupation pour les autres.
C1 noun ˈiː.pɒk

epoch

époque
Meaning
A period of time in history or a person's life, typically one marked by notable events or particular characteristics.
Example
The invention of the internet marked a new epoch in human history.
L'invention d'internet a marqué une nouvelle époque dans l'histoire humaine.
C1 noun /ɪkˈspɛktənsi/

expectancy

attente
Meaning
the state of expecting something; anticipation or likelihood
Example
There was a sense of expectancy in the room before the results were announced.
Il y avait un sentiment d'attente dans la pièce avant que les résultats ne soient annoncés.
C1 noun /ˈɛstjʊəri/

estuary

estuaire
Meaning
the tidal mouth of a large river, where the tide meets the stream
Example
The city is located near the estuary of the river.
La ville est située près de l'estuaire du fleuve.
C1 adjective + noun এক্সেসিভ স্ট্রেইন

excessive strain

tension excessive
Meaning
An amount of physical pressure or stress that is more than what is normal or acceptable.
Example
Excessive strain on fingers can cause musculoskeletal issues.
Une tension excessive sur les doigts peut provoquer des problèmes musculosquelettiques.
C1 adjective /ˌiːɡəˈtɪstɪkəl/

egotistical

égocentrique
Meaning
Excessively self-absorbed or conceited.
Example
Her egotistical behavior made it difficult for her to maintain friendships.
Son comportement égocentrique rendait difficile le maintien de ses amitiés.
C1 noun /ɪˌmæn.sɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/

Emancipation

émancipation
Meaning
the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions
Example
The emancipation of slaves was a significant moment in American history.
L'émancipation des esclaves a été un moment significatif dans l'histoire américaine.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɪləreɪtɪŋ/

exhilarating

exaltant
Meaning
Making someone feel very excited, happy, or thrilled.
Example
Skydiving was the most exhilarating experience of his life.
Le parachutisme a été l'expérience la plus exaltante de sa vie.
C1 noun /juːˈfɔː.ri.ə/

euphoria

euphorie, joie extrême, excitation
Meaning
A feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness; elation.
Example
Winning the championship brought a sense of euphoria.
Gagner le championnat a provoqué un sentiment d'euphorie.
C1 noun /ɪˈvændʒəlɪst/

evangelist

évangéliste
Meaning
A person who seeks to convert others to the Christian faith, especially by public preaching.
Example
The evangelist traveled across the country spreading his message.
L'évangéliste a voyagé à travers le pays en diffusant son message.
C1 noun /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪk dɪˈspær.ɪ.ti/

Economic Disparity

disparité économique
Meaning
The unequal distribution of income and opportunity between different groups in society.
Example
Addressing economic disparity is crucial for social stability.
Aborder la disparité économique est crucial pour la stabilité sociale.
C1 verb /ɪˈlæps/

elapse

s'écouler
Meaning
to pass or go by, usually referring to time
Example
Several hours elapsed before he finally returned home.
Plusieurs heures se sont écoulées avant qu'il ne revienne finalement à la maison.
C1 noun /ˈɛləkwəns/

eloquence

éloquence
Meaning
Fluent or persuasive speaking or writing.
Example
His eloquence in speech won him great respect.
Son éloquence dans le discours lui a valu un grand respect.
C1 adjective /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəl/

existential

existentiel
Meaning
Relating to human existence, often concerning meaning or purpose of life.
Example
She went through an existential crisis during her midlife.
Elle a traversé une crise existentielle pendant sa vie adulte.
C1 noun /ɪˈklɪps/

Eclipse

éclipse (du soleil ou de la lune)
Meaning
an obscuring of light from one celestial body by another; a decline or loss
Example
The total solar eclipse darkened the sky for several minutes.
L'éclipse solaire totale a assombri le ciel pendant plusieurs minutes.
C1 adjective /ˌɛnɪɡˈmætɪk/

enigmatic

énigmatique
Meaning
mysterious and difficult to interpret or understand
Example
He gave me an enigmatic smile.
Il m'a donné un sourire énigmatique.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈskjuːzəbl/

excusable

excusable
Meaning
Able to be forgiven or justified.
Example
Her mistake was excusable given the circumstances.
Son erreur était excusable étant donné les circonstances.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdɪrmənt/

endearment

mot d'affection
Meaning
A word or phrase expressing affection or love.
Example
She whispered a gentle endearment to her child.
Elle a murmuré un mot d'affection à son enfant.
C1 adjective /ɛnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdɪk/

encyclopedic

encyclopédique
Meaning
Having comprehensive knowledge of many subjects; relating to or characteristic of an encyclopedia.
Example
Her encyclopedic knowledge of history amazed everyone at the conference.
Ses connaissances encyclopédiques en histoire ont étonné tout le monde à la conférence.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstræpəleɪtɪŋ/

extrapolating

extrapoler
Meaning
Extend the application of (a method or conclusion) to an unknown situation by assuming that existing trends will continue.
Example
Extrapolating from the current data, we can estimate the trends for next year.
En extrapolant à partir des données actuelles, nous pouvons estimer les tendances pour l'année prochaine.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstræv.ə.ɡəns/

Extravagance

dépense excessive; gaspillage
Meaning
lack of restraint in spending money; excessive expense
Example
The wedding celebration was criticized for its unnecessary extravagance.
La célébration du mariage a été critiquée pour son extravagance inutile.
C1 verb ɪˈræd.ɪ.keɪt

eradicate

éradiquer
Meaning
To destroy completely; to put an end to something undesirable.
Example
Vaccination programs help eradicate infectious diseases.
Les programmes de vaccination aident à éradiquer les maladies infectieuses.
C1 verb ɪkˈstræp.ə.leɪt

Extrapolate

extrapoler
Meaning
Making future estimates based on existing information
Example
Scientists extrapolate climate changes based on past data.
Les scientifiques extrapolent les changements climatiques en se basant sur les données passées.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈθrɔː.lɪŋ/

enthralling

captivant
Meaning
Captivating and holding one's attention completely; fascinating.
Example
The movie was enthralling, keeping the audience engaged till the end.
Le film était captivant, maintenant le public engagé jusqu'à la fin.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtrɛntʃ/

entrench

enraciner
Meaning
To establish something so firmly that it is difficult to change.
Example
The company entrenched its position in the market through innovation.
L'entreprise a consolidé sa position sur le marché grâce à l'innovation.
C1 noun/verb /ɪˈstiːm/

esteem

estime
Meaning
Respect and admiration, typically for a person.
Example
She is held in high esteem by her colleagues.
Elle est très respectée par ses collègues.
C1 verb ɪˈluːd

elude

échapper
Meaning
Evade or escape from, typically in a skillful or cunning way; avoid being caught.
Example
The thief managed to elude the police.
Le voleur a réussi à échapper à la police.
C1 noun /ˈef.ɪ.dʒi/

Effigy

effigie; modèle de protestation
Meaning
a sculpture or model of a person, especially one made as a protest
Example
The protesters burned an effigy of the corrupt politician in the square.
Les manifestants ont brûlé une effigie du politicien corrompu sur la place.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːr.θən/

Earthen

fait de terre ou d'argile; lié à la poterie
Meaning
made of earth or clay; relating to pottery or ceramic materials
Example
The kitchen had beautiful earthen pots for storage.
La cuisine avait de beaux pots en terre cuite pour le stockage.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈlaɪ.tənd/

Enlightened

éclairé; illuminé; sage;
Meaning
having or showing a rational, modern outlook; having spiritual knowledge or understanding
Example
The enlightened teacher shared wisdom with all her students.
Le professeur éclairé a partagé la sagesse avec tous ses étudiants.
C1 noun /ɪˈlɪpsɪs/

ellipsis

ellipse
Meaning
The omission of words in a sentence, represented by three dots (...).
Example
The writer used an ellipsis to show that part of the quote was omitted.
L'écrivain a utilisé une ellipse pour montrer qu'une partie de la citation a été omise.
C1 verb /ˈiːvzdrɒp/

eavesdrop

écouter en cachette
Meaning
to secretly listen to a conversation
Example
She stood near the door to eavesdrop on their conversation.
Elle était près de la porte pour écouter discrètement leur conversation.
C1 verb /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

elicit

éliciter
Meaning
To draw out a response, answer, or reaction from someone.
Example
The teacher’s question elicited thoughtful answers from the students.
La question du professeur a suscité des réponses réfléchies des élèves.
C1 noun ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl ˌtræns.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən

environmental transformation

transformation environnementale
Meaning
A significant change in environmental conditions or ecological systems.
Example
The city demonstrates environmental transformation.
La ville montre une transformation environnementale.
C1 verb /ɪnˈɡreɪv/

engrave

graver
Meaning
to cut or carve a design, letter, or pattern into a hard surface
Example
The craftsman engraved her name on the silver ring.
L'artisan a gravé son nom sur la bague en argent.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɪptɪkl/

elliptical

elliptique
Meaning
Having the shape of an ellipse; also, a style of speech that is concise and sometimes obscure.
Example
The planet follows an elliptical orbit around the sun.
La planète suit une orbite elliptique autour du soleil.
C1 noun /ˈiː.dən/

Eden

Éden
Meaning
a place or state of great happiness; paradise
Example
The garden was like Eden, filled with beautiful flowers and peaceful atmosphere.
Le jardin était comme l'Éden, rempli de belles fleurs et d'une atmosphère paisible.
C1 adjective /ɪˈfɛm.ər.əl/

ephemeral

éphémère
Meaning
Lasting for a very short time; temporary or transitory.
Example
The beauty of cherry blossoms is ephemeral.
La beauté des fleurs de cerisier est éphémère.
C1 noun /ˈiːkwɪnɒks/

equinox

équilibre entre le jour et la nuit
Meaning
The time or date when day and night are of equal length, occurring twice a year.
Example
The spring equinox marks the beginning of longer days.
L'équinoxe de printemps marque le début des journées plus longues.
C1 verb /ɪmˈboʊl.dən/

embolden

encourager
Meaning
To give someone the courage or confidence to do something.
Example
The coach's words emboldened the team to play aggressively.
Les paroles de l'entraîneur ont encouragé l'équipe à jouer de manière agressive.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstrækʃən/

extraction

extraction
Meaning
the act of removing something, especially by pulling it out
Example
The extraction of oil from the ground requires special equipment.
L'extraction de pétrole du sol nécessite des équipements spéciaux.
C1 noun /ˈɛn.kleɪv/

enclave

enclave
Meaning
a distinct area or group enclosed within a larger one
Example
The city has a small Italian enclave where traditions are preserved.
La ville possède un petit enclave italien où les traditions sont préservées.
C1 adjective /ˌɛk.spəˈnɛn.ʃəl/

exponential

croissance rapide ou expansion à un taux croissant
Meaning
Rapid growth or expansion at an increasing rate
Example
Technology is advancing at an exponential rate.
La technologie progresse à un rythme exponentiel.
C1 noun /ɪˈnɪɡ.mə/

enigma

énigme
Meaning
A person or thing that is mysterious, puzzling, or difficult to understand.
Example
Life remains an enigma to many.
La vie reste une énigme pour beaucoup.
C1 adjective /ˈɛntərˌpraɪzɪŋ/

enterprising

entreprenant
Meaning
showing initiative and resourcefulness; willing to take risks to achieve success
Example
She is an enterprising young entrepreneur.
Elle est une jeune entrepreneuse entreprenante.
C1 verb /ɪˈdʒɛkt/

eject

expulser
Meaning
to force someone or something out, usually from a place or position
Example
The referee had to eject the player for unsportsmanlike behavior.
L'arbitre a dû expulser le joueur pour un comportement antisportif.
C1 noun /ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃən/

elevation

élévation
Meaning
The act of raising something to a higher position or level.
Example
The hikers reached a high elevation after hours of climbing.
Les randonneurs ont atteint une grande élévation après des heures de montée.
C1 noun /ˈiːdɪkt/

edict

édit
Meaning
An official order, proclamation, or decree issued by an authority.
Example
The king issued an edict banning smoking in public places.
Le roi a émis un édit interdisant de fumer dans les lieux publics.