embezzlement
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C1 noun /ɪmˈbɛzlmənt/

embezzlement

détournement de fonds
Meaning
The act of dishonestly taking money or property entrusted to one's care.
Example
The accountant was arrested for embezzlement of company funds.
Le comptable a été arrêté pour détournement de fonds de l'entreprise.
C1 adjective ɪˈroʊ.ni.əs

erroneous

erroné, incorrect
Meaning
Wrong; incorrect.
Example
His assumptions were completely erroneous.
Ses hypothèses étaient complètement erronées.
C1 noun /ˈem.ɪ.nəns/

Eminence

fame; supériorité
Meaning
fame or recognized superiority; high rank or status
Example
The professor achieved eminence in the field of quantum physics.
Le professeur a atteint la célébrité dans le domaine de la physique quantique.
C1 noun /ˈiː.zi tʃeər/

Easy-chair

fauteuil
Meaning
a comfortable chair with arms and a back that reclines
Example
He relaxed in his favorite easy-chair after work.
Il s'est détendu dans son fauteuil préféré après le travail.
C1 verb /ɪnˈθrɔːl/

enthrall

captiver
Meaning
to captivate or hold someone’s attention completely
Example
The magician’s tricks enthralled the children.
Les tours du magicien ont captivé les enfants.
C1 noun /juːˈfɔː.ri.ə/

euphoria

euphorie, joie extrême, excitation
Meaning
A feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness; elation.
Example
Winning the championship brought a sense of euphoria.
Gagner le championnat a provoqué un sentiment d'euphorie.
C1 verb /ˈɛkˌsaɪz/

excise

exciser
Meaning
to cut out or remove completely, often by surgery
Example
The surgeon excised the tumor successfully.
Le chirurgien a excisé la tumeur avec succès.
C1 verb /ɪmˈbrɔɪdər/

embroider

broder
Meaning
to decorate fabric with patterns using a needle and thread
Example
She embroidered flowers on the pillowcase.
Elle a brodé des fleurs sur la taie d'oreiller.
C1 noun /ɪkˌsperɪˈmɛnteɪʃən/

experimentation

expérimentation
Meaning
The process of performing a scientific procedure to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.
Example
Experimentation leads to groundbreaking products.
L'expérimentation mène à des produits révolutionnaires.
C1 adjective /ˌiːvænˈdʒɛlɪkəl/

evangelical

évangélique
Meaning
Relating to the Christian gospel, especially the teachings that emphasize personal faith and the authority of the Bible.
Example
She grew up in an evangelical church community.
Elle a grandi dans une communauté chrétienne évangélique.
C1 verb ɪɡˈzæsərbeɪt

exacerbate

aggraver
Meaning
To make a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling worse.
Example
Climate change exacerbates flooding issues.
Le changement climatique aggrave les problèmes d'inondation.
C1 verb ɪˈræd.ɪ.keɪt

eradicate

éradiquer
Meaning
To destroy completely; to put an end to something undesirable.
Example
Vaccination programs help eradicate infectious diseases.
Les programmes de vaccination aident à éradiquer les maladies infectieuses.
C1 verb /ˈɛnərˌdʒaɪz/

energize

énergiser
Meaning
To give energy or vitality to something or someone.
Example
The motivational speech helped energize the team.
Le discours motivant a aidé à énergiser l'équipe.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈspænsɪv/

expansive

expansif
Meaning
covering a wide area or having a wide range of ideas or emotions
Example
They enjoyed the expansive view from the hilltop.
Ils ont apprécié la vue expansive depuis le sommet de la colline.
C1 verb /iːk/

eke

étirer
Meaning
to make a small amount of something last longer by using it sparingly
Example
The family tried to eke out their savings during the tough months.
La famille a essayé de faire durer ses économies pendant les mois difficiles.
C1 verb /ɪnˈɡroʊs/

engross

absorbée
Meaning
to absorb all the attention or interest of someone
Example
She was so engrossed in the book that she forgot the time.
Elle était tellement absorbée dans le livre qu'elle a oublié l'heure.
C1 verb /ɪnˈlaɪvən/

enliven

animer
Meaning
to make something more lively, interesting, or cheerful
Example
Her jokes helped enliven the dull meeting.
Ses blagues ont aidé à animer la réunion ennuyeuse.
C1 adjective /ɪˈklɛktɪk/

eclectic

éclectique
Meaning
Selecting or deriving ideas, styles, or tastes from a broad and diverse range of sources.
Example
Her taste in music is eclectic, ranging from classical to hip-hop.
Ses goûts en musique sont éclectiques, allant de la musique classique au hip-hop.
C1 adjective /juːˈfɔːrɪk/

euphoric

euphorique
Meaning
Characterized by or feeling intense excitement and happiness.
Example
The fans were euphoric after their team's victory.
Les fans étaient euphorique après la victoire de leur équipe.
C1 adjective ˈek.wɪ.tə.bəl

equitable

équitable
Meaning
Fair and impartial
Example
Equitable AI ensures fairness in technology use.
L'IA équitable assure l'équité dans l'utilisation de la technologie.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈsplɔɪtətɪv/

exploitative

exploitant
Meaning
making use of a situation or people unfairly and unethically for one's own advantage
Example
The workers protested against the exploitative practices of the factory.
Les travailleurs ont protesté contre les pratiques exploitantes de l'usine.
C1 noun /ɪmˈbɑː.ɡoʊ/

embargo

embargo commercial
Meaning
A trade ban, restriction, or prohibition imposed by a government or international organization on a country.
Example
The UN imposed an embargo on arms exports.
L'ONU a imposé un embargo sur les exportations d'armes.
C1 noun /ɪkˈspɛktənsi/

expectancy

attente
Meaning
the state of expecting something; anticipation or likelihood
Example
There was a sense of expectancy in the room before the results were announced.
Il y avait un sentiment d'attente dans la pièce avant que les résultats ne soient annoncés.
C1 noun /ˈiːdɪkt/

edict

édit
Meaning
An official order, proclamation, or decree issued by an authority.
Example
The king issued an edict banning smoking in public places.
Le roi a émis un édit interdisant de fumer dans les lieux publics.
C1 adjective /ɛnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdɪk/

encyclopedic

encyclopédique
Meaning
Having comprehensive knowledge of many subjects; relating to or characteristic of an encyclopedia.
Example
Her encyclopedic knowledge of history amazed everyone at the conference.
Ses connaissances encyclopédiques en histoire ont étonné tout le monde à la conférence.
C1 adjective /ɪˈspeʃəl/

especial

spécial
Meaning
Particularly remarkable or significant; distinguished from others
Example
This is an especial opportunity you should not miss.
C'est une occasion spéciale que vous ne devriez pas manquer.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstrɛmɪti/

extremity

extrémité
Meaning
The farthest point or limit of something; a severe or extreme condition.
Example
He was pushed to the extremity of his patience.
Il a été poussé à l'extrême de sa patience.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstɔːr.ʃən/

extortion

extorsion
Meaning
the practice of obtaining something, especially money, through force or threats
Example
The businessman was arrested for extortion after threatening his partner.
L'homme d'affaires a été arrêté pour extorsion après avoir menacé son partenaire.
C1 verb /ˈɛkstrəˌdaɪt/

extradite

extrader
Meaning
to hand over a person accused or convicted of a crime to another country or state
Example
The government agreed to extradite the fugitive to his home country.
Le gouvernement a accepté d'extrader le fugitif vers son pays d'origine.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪv/

exhaustive

exhaustif et complet
Meaning
Fully comprehensive and including all possibilities.
Example
The report provides an exhaustive analysis of the issue.
Le rapport fournit une analyse exhaustive du problème.
C1 noun /ˈɪrˌplʌɡ/

earplug

bouchon d'oreille
Meaning
a device inserted into the ear to block out noise or water
Example
He wore earplugs to sleep during the noisy night.
Il portait des bouchons d'oreilles pour dormir pendant la nuit bruyante.
C1 noun /ˈɛksɜːrpt/

excerpt

extrait
Meaning
A short portion taken from a text, film, or piece of music.
Example
The teacher read an excerpt from the novel.
Le professeur a lu un extrait du roman.
C1 noun /ɪˈklɪps/

Eclipse

éclipse (du soleil ou de la lune)
Meaning
an obscuring of light from one celestial body by another; a decline or loss
Example
The total solar eclipse darkened the sky for several minutes.
L'éclipse solaire totale a assombri le ciel pendant plusieurs minutes.
C1 noun /ˈiːkwɪnɒks/

equinox

équilibre entre le jour et la nuit
Meaning
The time or date when day and night are of equal length, occurring twice a year.
Example
The spring equinox marks the beginning of longer days.
L'équinoxe de printemps marque le début des journées plus longues.
C1 noun ˌɛkstərˈnælɪtiz

externalities

externalité
Meaning
A side effect or consequence of an industrial or commercial activity.
Example
Pollution is a negative externality of industrialization.
La pollution est une externalité négative de l'industrialisation.
C1 noun /ɪkˈspʌlʃən/

expulsion

expulsion
Meaning
The act of forcing someone to leave a place, especially a school or country.
Example
His constant misbehavior led to his expulsion from school.
Son comportement constant a conduit à son expulsion de l'école.
C1 noun /ˈɛstjʊəri/

estuary

estuaire
Meaning
the tidal mouth of a large river, where the tide meets the stream
Example
The city is located near the estuary of the river.
La ville est située près de l'estuaire du fleuve.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɪləreɪtɪŋ/

exhilarating

exaltant
Meaning
Making someone feel very excited, happy, or thrilled.
Example
Skydiving was the most exhilarating experience of his life.
Le parachutisme a été l'expérience la plus exaltante de sa vie.
C1 phrase ˈiː.kəʊˌsɪs.təm kəˈlæps

ecosystem collapse

effondrement de l'écosystème
Meaning
The complete breakdown of an ecological system, resulting in the inability to maintain its structure and function.
Example
Unchecked deforestation can lead to ecosystem collapse.
La déforestation incontrôlée peut conduire à l'effondrement de l'écosystème.
C1 noun /ɪɡˈzuːbərəns/

exuberance

exubérance
Meaning
the quality of being full of energy, excitement, and cheerfulness
Example
Her exuberance made the whole team feel motivated.
Son exubérance a motivé toute l'équipe.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈsiːdɪŋ/

Exceeding

excessif; au-delà
Meaning
going beyond; surpassing; extremely
Example
The project was completed with exceeding excellence.
Le projet a été achevé avec une excellence excessive.
C1 verb /ɪˈlæps/

elapse

s'écouler
Meaning
to pass or go by, usually referring to time
Example
Several hours elapsed before he finally returned home.
Plusieurs heures se sont écoulées avant qu'il ne revienne finalement à la maison.
C1 verb /ɪˈspaʊz/

espouse

adopter
Meaning
To adopt or support a cause, belief, or way of life.
Example
She espoused the philosophy of nonviolence throughout her career.
Elle a adopté la philosophie de la non-violence tout au long de sa carrière.
C1 noun /ˈɛkstrəˌvɜːrt/

extrovert

extraverti
Meaning
a person who is outgoing, sociable, and energized by being around other people
Example
As an extrovert, she enjoys meeting new people at social events.
En tant qu'extravertie, elle aime rencontrer de nouvelles personnes lors d'événements sociaux.
C1 verb /ɪnˈʃraɪn/

enshrine

préserver ou chérir quelque chose comme sacré ou important
Meaning
to preserve or cherish something as sacred or important
Example
The constitution enshrines the right to freedom of speech.
La constitution consacre le droit à la liberté d'expression.
C1 verb ɪˈluː.sɪ.deɪt

elucidate

élucider, clarifier
Meaning
make (something) clear; explain.
Example
The professor elucidated the theory with simple examples.
Le professeur a élucidé la théorie avec des exemples simples.
C1 adjective ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈteə.ri.ən

egalitarian

égalitaire
Meaning
Believing in or based on the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
Example
The new law promotes an egalitarian society.
La nouvelle loi promeut une société égalitaire.
C1 noun ɪˌlæˈstɪs.ə.ti

elasticity

élasticité
Meaning
The responsiveness of demand or supply to changes in price.
Example
The elasticity of demand for luxury goods is high.
L'élasticité de la demande pour les biens de luxe est élevée.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈstreɪ.ni.əs/

extraneous

non pertinent
Meaning
Not directly related or essential to the matter at hand; irrelevant.
Example
The editor removed extraneous details from the report.
L'éditeur a supprimé les détails non pertinents du rapport.
C1 noun ɪɡˌzæs.pəˈreɪ.ʃən

exasperation

exaspération
Meaning
Extreme irritation or frustration.
Example
He sighed in exasperation after hearing the same excuse again.
Il soupira d'exaspération après avoir entendu la même excuse à nouveau.
C1 verb /ɪˈkweɪt/

equate

assimiler
Meaning
To consider as equal or equivalent.
Example
Many people equate wealth with success.
Beaucoup de gens assimilent la richesse au succès.
C1 adjective /ɪˈstiːmd/

Esteemed

estimé
Meaning
respected and admired; held in high regard
Example
He is an esteemed professor at the university.
Il est un professeur estimé à l'université.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnæmərd/

enamored

amoureux
Meaning
filled with love or admiration
Example
He became enamored with classical music after attending the concert.
Il est devenu amoureux de la musique classique après avoir assisté au concert.
C1 noun /ɪˈvæp.ər.ə.tɪv ˈkuː.lər/

Evaporative cooler

refroidisseur par évaporation
Meaning
a cooling device that uses water evaporation to reduce air temperature
Example
The evaporative cooler works best in dry climates.
Le refroidisseur par évaporation fonctionne mieux dans les climats secs.
C1 noun /ˈɛdɪfɪs/

edifice

bâtiment
Meaning
A large, impressive building or structure.
Example
The museum is an impressive edifice in the city center.
Le musée est un bâtiment impressionnant au centre-ville.
C1 noun /ɛkˈspeɪtriət/

expatriate

expatrié
Meaning
a person who lives outside their native country
Example
Many expatriates gather in the city’s international community.
De nombreux expatriés se rassemblent dans la communauté internationale de la ville.
C1 noun /ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃən/

elevation

élévation
Meaning
The act of raising something to a higher position or level.
Example
The hikers reached a high elevation after hours of climbing.
Les randonneurs ont atteint une grande élévation après des heures de montée.
C1 adjective /ˈevər ˈlæstɪŋ/

Ever-lasting

éternel; permanent;
Meaning
eternal; permanent; enduring forever
Example
Their love is ever-lasting and will never fade.
Leur amour est éternel et ne s'éteindra jamais.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːr.θən/

Earthen

fait de terre ou d'argile; lié à la poterie
Meaning
made of earth or clay; relating to pottery or ceramic materials
Example
The kitchen had beautiful earthen pots for storage.
La cuisine avait de beaux pots en terre cuite pour le stockage.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzuːbərənt/

exuberant

exubérant
Meaning
full of energy, excitement, and cheerfulness
Example
The children were exuberant after winning the game.
Les enfants étaient exubérants après avoir gagné le jeu.
C1 noun /ˈiːɡətɪst/

egotist

égocentrique
Meaning
A person who is excessively self-centered or talks too much about themselves.
Example
The egotist dominated the conversation by talking only about his own achievements.
L'égocentrique a dominé la conversation en parlant uniquement de ses propres réalisations.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈskjuːzəbl/

excusable

excusable
Meaning
Able to be forgiven or justified.
Example
Her mistake was excusable given the circumstances.
Son erreur était excusable étant donné les circonstances.
C1 noun /ˈɛskəpeɪd/

escapade

aventure
Meaning
an adventurous, exciting, or reckless act
Example
Their summer escapade included camping and mountain climbing.
Leurs escapades estivales comprenaient du camping et de l'escalade en montagne.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtrɛntʃ/

entrench

enraciner
Meaning
To establish something so firmly that it is difficult to change.
Example
The company entrenched its position in the market through innovation.
L'entreprise a consolidé sa position sur le marché grâce à l'innovation.
C1 verb /ˈɛm.ə.neɪt/

emanate

émaner
Meaning
To come out or spread from a source.
Example
A sweet fragrance emanated from the garden.
Une douce fragrance émana du jardin.
C1 verb /ɛmˈbɛzəl/

embezzle

détourner
Meaning
to steal or misuse money or property entrusted to one's care
Example
The accountant was arrested for embezzling company funds.
Le comptable a été arrêté pour avoir détourné des fonds de l'entreprise.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːrstwaɪl/

erstwhile

ancien
Meaning
former or in the past
Example
They were erstwhile friends but no longer speak.
Ils étaient des amis anciens, mais ils ne parlent plus.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstɔːrt/

extort

extorquer
Meaning
to obtain something, especially money, by force, threats, or unfair means
Example
The gang attempted to extort money from local shopkeepers.
Le gang a tenté d'extorquer de l'argent aux commerçants locaux.
C1 noun /ɪnˈtaɪtəlmənt/

entitlement

droit
Meaning
the belief that one is inherently deserving of privileges or special treatment; a right to benefits
Example
The program provides entitlement to health care.
Le programme accorde un droit aux soins de santé.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɡreɪnd/

engrained

profondément enraciné, difficile à changer
Meaning
Firmly fixed or established; difficult to change.
Example
Cultural practices are often deeply engrained in the fabric of society.
Les pratiques culturelles sont souvent profondément enracinées dans le tissu de la société.
C1 adjective /ˈɛm.ɪ.nənt/

eminent

éminent
Meaning
Famous and respected within a particular sphere or profession.
Example
He is an eminent scientist known for groundbreaking research.
Il est un scientifique éminent connu pour ses recherches révolutionnaires.
C1 adjective /ˌiːɡəˈtɪstɪkəl/

egotistical

égocentrique
Meaning
Excessively self-absorbed or conceited.
Example
Her egotistical behavior made it difficult for her to maintain friendships.
Son comportement égocentrique rendait difficile le maintien de ses amitiés.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmeɪʃieɪtɪd/

emaciated

émacié
Meaning
Abnormally thin or weak, usually due to illness or lack of food.
Example
The emaciated dog was rescued from the abandoned house.
Le chien émacié a été sauvé de la maison abandonnée.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtæŋɡəl/

entangle

emmêler
Meaning
to become twisted together or caught in something; to involve in difficulties
Example
The fish got entangled in the net.
Le poisson s'est emmêlé dans le filet.
C1 adjective ɪˌlektrəʊmæɡˈnetɪk

electromagnetic

électromagnétique
Meaning
Relating to both electricity and magnetism or their interaction.
Example
Electromagnetic forces repel protons.
Les forces électromagnétiques repoussent les protons.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtrɛntʃt/

entrenched

enraciné
Meaning
Firmly established and unlikely to change.
Example
Corruption is deeply entrenched in the system.
La corruption est profondément enracinée dans le système.
C1 noun /ˌjuːθəˈneɪʒə/

euthanasia

suicide assisté
Meaning
The practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering.
Example
The debate about euthanasia raises difficult ethical questions.
Le débat sur l'euthanasie soulève des questions éthiques difficiles.
C1 noun ɪnˈdaʊmənt

endowment

dote, don
Meaning
An income or form of property given or bequeathed to someone.
Example
The university received a large endowment for research.
L'université a reçu une grande dotation pour la recherche.
C1 exclamation /juˈriːkə/

eureka

Eureka!
Meaning
An exclamation used to express a sudden discovery or realization.
Example
When the solution finally came to him, he shouted, 'Eureka!'
Quand la solution lui est enfin venue, il a crié : 'Eureka!'
C1 noun /ˈɛpɪθɛt/

epithet

épithète
Meaning
A descriptive phrase or word used to characterize someone or something, often as a nickname.
Example
He earned the epithet ‘The Great’ for his remarkable achievements.
Il a gagné l'épithète ‘Le Grand’ pour ses réalisations remarquables.
C1 noun /ˈɑːnkɔːr/

encore

rappel
Meaning
An additional performance demanded by an audience at the end of a show.
Example
The band returned to the stage for an encore.
Le groupe est revenu sur scène pour un rappel.
C1 verb /ɪmˈbɛl.ɪʃ/

embellish

embellir
Meaning
To make something more attractive by adding decorative details or exaggerating.
Example
He tends to embellish stories to make them more interesting.
Il a tendance à embellir les histoires pour les rendre plus intéressantes.
C1 noun/adjective /ɪˈliːtɪst/

elitist

élitiste
Meaning
A person who believes that a society should be led by an elite; showing preference for a privileged class.
Example
His elitist attitude made him unpopular among his peers.
Son attitude élitiste l'a rendu impopulaire parmi ses pairs.
C1 adjective /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəl/

existential

existentiel
Meaning
Relating to human existence, often concerning meaning or purpose of life.
Example
She went through an existential crisis during her midlife.
Elle a traversé une crise existentielle pendant sa vie adulte.
C1 adjective /ɪˌlɪzəˈbiːθən/

elizabethan

époque élisabéthaine
Meaning
Relating to the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England (1558–1603), especially the style of that period.
Example
Shakespeare wrote many of his plays during the Elizabethan era.
Shakespeare a écrit de nombreuses pièces pendant l'époque élisabéthaine.
C1 noun ˈiː.θɒs

ethos

l'esprit caractéristique d'une culture, d'une époque ou d'une communauté
Meaning
The characteristic spirit of a culture, era, or community as manifested in its beliefs and aspirations.
Example
The company's ethos is built on innovation and integrity.
L'éthos de l'entreprise repose sur l'innovation et l'intégrité.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzæktɪŋ/

exacting

exigeant
Meaning
demanding a lot of effort, attention, or precision
Example
She is known for her exacting standards in design.
Elle est connue pour ses normes exigeantes en design.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɪptɪkl/

elliptical

elliptique
Meaning
Having the shape of an ellipse; also, a style of speech that is concise and sometimes obscure.
Example
The planet follows an elliptical orbit around the sun.
La planète suit une orbite elliptique autour du soleil.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtaɪs/

entice

attirer
Meaning
to attract or tempt someone by offering something appealing
Example
The advertisement was designed to entice customers into the store.
La publicité a été conçue pour attirer les clients dans le magasin.
C1 verb /ɪˈdʒɛkt/

eject

expulser
Meaning
to force someone or something out, usually from a place or position
Example
The referee had to eject the player for unsportsmanlike behavior.
L'arbitre a dû expulser le joueur pour un comportement antisportif.
C1 noun /ˈjuː.fə.mɪ.zəm/

euphemism

un terme doux ou indirect utilisé à la place de celui considéré trop direct ou dur
Meaning
A mild or indirect term substituted for one considered too harsh or direct; polite expression for something unpleasant.
Example
The phrase "passed away" is a euphemism for "died".
L'expression 'passé de l'autre côté' est un euphémisme pour 'mort'.
C1 noun /ˈɛn.kleɪv/

enclave

enclave
Meaning
a distinct area or group enclosed within a larger one
Example
The city has a small Italian enclave where traditions are preserved.
La ville possède un petit enclave italien où les traditions sont préservées.
C1 noun /ˈɒntreɪ/ (UK), /ˈɑːntreɪ/ (US)

entree

plat principal
Meaning
The main course of a meal (US); the right to enter or access (formal).
Example
The restaurant’s signature steak was served as the main entree.
Le steak signature du restaurant a été servi en tant que plat principal.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsjuː/

ensue

suivre
Meaning
to happen as a result or consequence
Example
After the argument, silence ensued.
Après la dispute, le silence s'ensuivit.
C1 noun /ɪkˈspoʊnənt/

exponent

exposant
Meaning
a person who supports, promotes, or explains an idea; in math, a symbol denoting power
Example
She is a leading exponent of modern dance.
Elle est une des principales exposantes de la danse moderne.
C1 adverb ɪkˌsperɪˈmentəli

experimentally

expérimentalement
Meaning
In a way that is based on or derived from experiment and observation rather than theory.
Example
Bose demonstrated findings experimentally.
Bose a démontré les résultats expérimentalement.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈfæt.ɪk/

Emphatic

ferme; fort; exprimé avec force et conviction
Meaning
forceful; strong; showing emphasis; expressed with force and conviction
Example
She gave an emphatic 'no' to the proposal.
Elle a donné un 'non' emphatique à la proposition.
C1 adjective /ˈen.vi.ə.bəl/

Enviable

envieux
Meaning
causing envy; desirable
Example
Her success was enviable among her peers.
Son succès était enviable parmi ses collègues.
C1 adjective /ˈɛntərˌpraɪzɪŋ/

enterprising

entreprenant
Meaning
showing initiative and resourcefulness; willing to take risks to achieve success
Example
She is an enterprising young entrepreneur.
Elle est une jeune entrepreneuse entreprenante.
C1 verb /ˈɛm.jʊˌleɪt/

emulate

imiter
Meaning
to imitate someone or something with the intent to equal or surpass
Example
Young athletes often emulate their idols.
Les jeunes athlètes imitent souvent leurs idoles.
C1 verb /ˈiːvzdrɒp/

eavesdrop

écouter en cachette
Meaning
to secretly listen to a conversation
Example
She stood near the door to eavesdrop on their conversation.
Elle était près de la porte pour écouter discrètement leur conversation.
C1 noun /ɪˈlɛk.trəʊ.laɪts/

electrolytes

électrolytes
Meaning
Minerals in body fluids that carry an electric charge and are essential for many bodily functions.
Example
Electrolytes help maintain proper fluid balance in the body.
Les électrolytes aident à maintenir l'équilibre des fluides dans le corps.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈbrɔɪld/

embroiled

embroilé
Meaning
being deeply involved in a difficult situation, conflict, or scandal
Example
She found herself embroiled in a heated family dispute.
Elle s'est retrouvée embroilée dans un conflit familial intense.
C1 adjective /ˈen.vi.əs/

Envious

envieux/envieuse; jaloux/jalouse
Meaning
feeling or showing envy; jealous
Example
She felt envious of her friend's new car.
Elle se sentait envieuse de la nouvelle voiture de son amie.
C1 noun ˈeʃ.ə.lɒn

echelon

niveau, rang, échelon
Meaning
A level or rank in an organization, a profession, or society.
Example
He climbed to the upper echelon of the corporate world.
Il a grimpé au sommet de l'échelon du monde des affaires.
C1 verb /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

elicit

éliciter
Meaning
To draw out a response, answer, or reaction from someone.
Example
The teacher’s question elicited thoughtful answers from the students.
La question du professeur a suscité des réponses réfléchies des élèves.
C1 verb /ˈiːkwəlaɪz/

equalize

égaliser
Meaning
To make equal or level in status, value, or amount.
Example
The team equalized the score in the last minute.
L'équipe a égalisé le score dans la dernière minute.
C1 noun ˌes.kəˈleɪ.ʃən

escalation

augmentation rapide; une montée.
Meaning
A rapid increase; a rise.
Example
The escalation of production costs impacts profitability.
L'escalade des coûts de production impacte la rentabilité.
C1 verb /ɪkˈskriːt/

excrete

excréter
Meaning
to eliminate waste matter from the body
Example
Humans excrete carbon dioxide through breathing.
Les humains excrètent du dioxyde de carbone par la respiration.
C1 verb /ɛtʃ/

etch

graver
Meaning
to cut or carve a design onto a surface
Example
The artist etched her initials into the glass.
L'artiste a gravé ses initiales dans le verre.
C1 verb ˈɛk.spɪ.daɪt

expedite

accélérer
Meaning
Make an action or process happen sooner or be accomplished more quickly.
Example
The government took steps to expedite the approval process.
Le gouvernement a pris des mesures pour accélérer le processus d’approbation.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstoʊl/

extol

exalter
Meaning
to praise enthusiastically and highly
Example
The teacher extolled the student's dedication and hard work.
Le professeur a exalté le dévouement et le travail acharné de l'étudiant.
C1 verb /ɪɡˈzæspəˌreɪt/

exasperate

exaspérer
Meaning
to irritate or annoy intensely
Example
His constant complaints began to exasperate his coworkers.
Ses plaintes constantes ont commencé à exaspérer ses collègues.
C1 noun ˌiː.kəʊˈfrend.li ˌɜː.bən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

eco-friendly urbanization

urbanisation écologique
Meaning
The development of cities in a way that is not harmful to the environment.
Example
Eco-friendly urbanization reduces environmental degradation.
L'urbanisation écologique réduit la dégradation de l'environnement.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔːr.bɪ.tənt/

exorbitant

exorbitant
Meaning
Unreasonably high in price or cost; excessive.
Example
The hotel charged an exorbitant price for a basic room.
L'hôtel a facturé un prix exorbitant pour une chambre basique.
C1 noun /ˈef.ɪ.dʒi/

Effigy

effigie; modèle de protestation
Meaning
a sculpture or model of a person, especially one made as a protest
Example
The protesters burned an effigy of the corrupt politician in the square.
Les manifestants ont brûlé une effigie du politicien corrompu sur la place.
C1 noun ɪˌməʊ.ʃəˈnæl.ɪ.ti

emotionality

émotionnalité
Meaning
The quality of being driven by emotions rather than reason; emotional responsiveness.
Example
His emotionality often influenced his decisions.
Son émotionnalité influençait souvent ses décisions.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːr.nɪst/

Earnest

sérieux; authentique; montrant une conviction profonde et sérieuse
Meaning
sincere; genuine; showing deep and serious conviction
Example
He made an earnest attempt to solve the problem.
Il a fait une tentative sérieuse pour résoudre le problème.
C1 verb ɪˈluːd

elude

échapper
Meaning
Evade or escape from, typically in a skillful or cunning way; avoid being caught.
Example
The thief managed to elude the police.
Le voleur a réussi à échapper à la police.
C1 adjective ɪkˈskwɪzɪt

exquisite

exquis
Meaning
Extremely beautiful and delicate.
Example
The exquisite craftsmanship of the watch made it a collector's item.
Le savoir-faire exquis de la montre en a fait un objet de collection.
C1 noun /ˈɛmbləm/

emblem

emblème
Meaning
A symbolic object, design, or figure representing an idea, group, or identity.
Example
The dove is an emblem of peace.
La colombe est un emblème de la paix.