Eastwards
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C1 adverb /ˈiːstwədz/

Eastwards

vers l'est
Meaning
towards the east; in an eastern direction
Example
The river flows eastwards into the ocean.
La rivière coule vers l'est dans l'océan.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtrɛntʃt/

entrenched

enraciné
Meaning
Firmly established and unlikely to change.
Example
Corruption is deeply entrenched in the system.
La corruption est profondément enracinée dans le système.
C1 noun /ɪˈpɪt.ə.mi/

epitome

un exemple parfait d'une qualité ou d'un type particulier; la meilleure représentation de quelque chose
Meaning
A perfect example of a particular quality or type; the best representation of something.
Example
She is the epitome of grace and kindness.
Elle est l'épitomé de la grâce et de la gentillesse.
C1 adjective /ˈevər ˈlæstɪŋ/

Ever-lasting

éternel; permanent;
Meaning
eternal; permanent; enduring forever
Example
Their love is ever-lasting and will never fade.
Leur amour est éternel et ne s'éteindra jamais.
C1 exclamation /juˈriːkə/

eureka

Eureka!
Meaning
An exclamation used to express a sudden discovery or realization.
Example
When the solution finally came to him, he shouted, 'Eureka!'
Quand la solution lui est enfin venue, il a crié : 'Eureka!'
C1 adjective /ɛnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdɪk/

encyclopedic

encyclopédique
Meaning
Having comprehensive knowledge of many subjects; relating to or characteristic of an encyclopedia.
Example
Her encyclopedic knowledge of history amazed everyone at the conference.
Ses connaissances encyclopédiques en histoire ont étonné tout le monde à la conférence.
C1 verb /ɪˈkɒnəmaɪz/

economize

économiser
Meaning
To reduce spending or use resources carefully.
Example
Families are trying to economize by cutting unnecessary expenses.
Les familles essaient d'économiser en réduisant les dépenses inutiles.
C1 noun /ˈem.ɪ.nəns/

Eminence

fame; supériorité
Meaning
fame or recognized superiority; high rank or status
Example
The professor achieved eminence in the field of quantum physics.
Le professeur a atteint la célébrité dans le domaine de la physique quantique.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈlaɪ.tənd/

Enlightened

éclairé; illuminé; sage;
Meaning
having or showing a rational, modern outlook; having spiritual knowledge or understanding
Example
The enlightened teacher shared wisdom with all her students.
Le professeur éclairé a partagé la sagesse avec tous ses étudiants.
C1 verb ˈɛk.spɪ.daɪt

expedite

accélérer
Meaning
Make an action or process happen sooner or be accomplished more quickly.
Example
The government took steps to expedite the approval process.
Le gouvernement a pris des mesures pour accélérer le processus d’approbation.
C1 verb /ɪnˈɡʌlf/

engulf

engloutir
Meaning
to completely surround or cover something or someone
Example
The village was engulfed by floodwaters.
Le village a été englouti par les eaux de crue.
C1 adjective /ˌɛpɪˈsɒdɪk/

episodic

épisodique
Meaning
Happening occasionally or in separate parts; related to episodes.
Example
Her interest in art was episodic, coming and going over the years.
Son intérêt pour l'art était épisoidique, venant et allant au fil des années.
C1 adjective /ɪˈkwɛstriən/

equestrian

équestre
Meaning
Relating to horse riding or horseback riders.
Example
She won several equestrian competitions.
Elle a remporté plusieurs compétitions équestres.
C1 noun /ˈiːkwɪnɒks/

equinox

équilibre entre le jour et la nuit
Meaning
The time or date when day and night are of equal length, occurring twice a year.
Example
The spring equinox marks the beginning of longer days.
L'équinoxe de printemps marque le début des journées plus longues.
C1 noun /ˈiː.dən/

Eden

Éden
Meaning
a place or state of great happiness; paradise
Example
The garden was like Eden, filled with beautiful flowers and peaceful atmosphere.
Le jardin était comme l'Éden, rempli de belles fleurs et d'une atmosphère paisible.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈskjuːzəbl/

excusable

excusable
Meaning
Able to be forgiven or justified.
Example
Her mistake was excusable given the circumstances.
Son erreur était excusable étant donné les circonstances.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdjʊər.ə.bəl/

Endurable

supportable
Meaning
able to be endured; bearable; tolerable
Example
The pain was endurable with proper medication.
La douleur était supportable avec un médicament approprié.
C1 noun ɪˌræd.ɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

eradication

éradication
Meaning
The complete destruction or elimination of something unwanted.
Example
Carbon eradication is a key goal of the project.
L'éradication du carbone est un objectif clé du projet.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɪptɪkl/

elliptical

elliptique
Meaning
Having the shape of an ellipse; also, a style of speech that is concise and sometimes obscure.
Example
The planet follows an elliptical orbit around the sun.
La planète suit une orbite elliptique autour du soleil.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/

extinguish

éteindre
Meaning
to put out a fire, light, or to end something
Example
The firefighters managed to extinguish the blaze within an hour.
Les pompiers ont réussi à éteindre l'incendie en une heure.
C1 adjective /ɪˈfɛm.ər.əl/

ephemeral

éphémère
Meaning
Lasting for a very short time; temporary or transitory.
Example
The beauty of cherry blossoms is ephemeral.
La beauté des fleurs de cerisier est éphémère.
C1 noun /ɪˈklɪps/

Eclipse

éclipse (du soleil ou de la lune)
Meaning
an obscuring of light from one celestial body by another; a decline or loss
Example
The total solar eclipse darkened the sky for several minutes.
L'éclipse solaire totale a assombri le ciel pendant plusieurs minutes.
C1 noun /ɪkˌsperɪˈmɛnteɪʃən/

experimentation

expérimentation
Meaning
The process of performing a scientific procedure to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.
Example
Experimentation leads to groundbreaking products.
L'expérimentation mène à des produits révolutionnaires.
C1 verb ɪɡˈzæsərbeɪt

exacerbate

aggraver
Meaning
To make a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling worse.
Example
Climate change exacerbates flooding issues.
Le changement climatique aggrave les problèmes d'inondation.
C1 noun /ˈɛləkwəns/

eloquence

éloquence
Meaning
Fluent or persuasive speaking or writing.
Example
His eloquence in speech won him great respect.
Son éloquence dans le discours lui a valu un grand respect.
C1 noun /ˈef.ɪ.dʒi/

Effigy

effigie; modèle de protestation
Meaning
a sculpture or model of a person, especially one made as a protest
Example
The protesters burned an effigy of the corrupt politician in the square.
Les manifestants ont brûlé une effigie du politicien corrompu sur la place.
C1 verb ɪkˈstræp.ə.leɪt

Extrapolate

extrapoler
Meaning
Making future estimates based on existing information
Example
Scientists extrapolate climate changes based on past data.
Les scientifiques extrapolent les changements climatiques en se basant sur les données passées.
C1 adjective /ˌɛm.briˈɒn.ɪk/

embryonic

embryonnaire
Meaning
in an early or undeveloped stage; relating to an embryo
Example
The project is still in its embryonic stage.
Le projet est encore à son stade embryonnaire.
C1 noun /ɪkˈspʌlʃən/

expulsion

expulsion
Meaning
The act of forcing someone to leave a place, especially a school or country.
Example
His constant misbehavior led to his expulsion from school.
Son comportement constant a conduit à son expulsion de l'école.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnæmərd/

enamored

amoureux
Meaning
filled with love or admiration
Example
He became enamored with classical music after attending the concert.
Il est devenu amoureux de la musique classique après avoir assisté au concert.
C1 noun ˈɛf.lu.ənt

effluent

eaux usées ou polluées
Meaning
Liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea.
Example
Factory effluent contaminates nearby rivers and lakes.
Les effluents des usines contaminent les rivières et les lacs voisins.
C1 noun /ɪnˈtaɪərəti/

entirety

intégralité
Meaning
the whole of something; the complete form
Example
He watched the movie in its entirety.
Il a regardé le film dans son intégralité.
C1 noun /ɛnˈdɔːr.fɪnz/

endorphins

endorphine
Meaning
Chemical compounds produced by the brain that reduce pain and create feelings of happiness.
Example
Exercise releases endorphins, reducing stress and pain.
L'exercice libère des endorphines, réduisant le stress et la douleur.
C1 noun /ˈɛf.ɪ.kə.si/

efficacy

efficacité
Meaning
The ability to produce a desired or intended result; effectiveness.
Example
The efficacy of the vaccine has been proven in trials.
L'efficacité du vaccin a été prouvée lors des essais.
C1 noun /ˈiː.zi tʃeər/

Easy-chair

fauteuil
Meaning
a comfortable chair with arms and a back that reclines
Example
He relaxed in his favorite easy-chair after work.
Il s'est détendu dans son fauteuil préféré après le travail.
C1 noun ˈiː.θɒs

ethos

l'esprit caractéristique d'une culture, d'une époque ou d'une communauté
Meaning
The characteristic spirit of a culture, era, or community as manifested in its beliefs and aspirations.
Example
The company's ethos is built on innovation and integrity.
L'éthos de l'entreprise repose sur l'innovation et l'intégrité.
C1 noun ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl ˌtræns.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən

environmental transformation

transformation environnementale
Meaning
A significant change in environmental conditions or ecological systems.
Example
The city demonstrates environmental transformation.
La ville montre une transformation environnementale.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstɔːrt/

extort

extorquer
Meaning
to obtain something, especially money, by force, threats, or unfair means
Example
The gang attempted to extort money from local shopkeepers.
Le gang a tenté d'extorquer de l'argent aux commerçants locaux.
C1 verb /ɪnˈɡreɪv/

engrave

graver
Meaning
to cut or carve a design, letter, or pattern into a hard surface
Example
The craftsman engraved her name on the silver ring.
L'artisan a gravé son nom sur la bague en argent.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɡreɪnd/

engrained

profondément enraciné, difficile à changer
Meaning
Firmly fixed or established; difficult to change.
Example
Cultural practices are often deeply engrained in the fabric of society.
Les pratiques culturelles sont souvent profondément enracinées dans le tissu de la société.
C1 verb /ˈɛnərˌdʒaɪz/

energize

énergiser
Meaning
To give energy or vitality to something or someone.
Example
The motivational speech helped energize the team.
Le discours motivant a aidé à énergiser l'équipe.
C1 verb /ˈɛkstrɪkeɪt/

extricate

dégager
Meaning
To free someone or something from a constraint or difficulty.
Example
The firefighters extricated the passengers from the wrecked car.
Les pompiers ont extriqué les passagers de la voiture accidentée.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstrɛmɪti/

extremity

extrémité
Meaning
The farthest point or limit of something; a severe or extreme condition.
Example
He was pushed to the extremity of his patience.
Il a été poussé à l'extrême de sa patience.
C1 verb /ɪɡˈzɒnəreɪt/

exonerate

exonérer
Meaning
To clear someone from blame or accusation.
Example
The court exonerated her from all charges.
Le tribunal l'a exonérée de toutes les charges.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɪləreɪtɪŋ/

exhilarating

exaltant
Meaning
Making someone feel very excited, happy, or thrilled.
Example
Skydiving was the most exhilarating experience of his life.
Le parachutisme a été l'expérience la plus exaltante de sa vie.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstræv.ə.ɡəns/

Extravagance

dépense excessive; gaspillage
Meaning
lack of restraint in spending money; excessive expense
Example
The wedding celebration was criticized for its unnecessary extravagance.
La célébration du mariage a été critiquée pour son extravagance inutile.
C1 noun /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪk dɪˈspær.ɪ.ti/

Economic Disparity

disparité économique
Meaning
The unequal distribution of income and opportunity between different groups in society.
Example
Addressing economic disparity is crucial for social stability.
Aborder la disparité économique est crucial pour la stabilité sociale.
C1 adjective ɛnˈdɛm.ɪk

endemic

endémique
Meaning
Native and restricted to a certain place.
Example
The Bengal tiger is endemic to the Indian subcontinent.
Le tigre du Bengale est endémique du sous-continent indien.
C1 verb /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

elicit

éliciter
Meaning
To draw out a response, answer, or reaction from someone.
Example
The teacher’s question elicited thoughtful answers from the students.
La question du professeur a suscité des réponses réfléchies des élèves.
C1 noun /ˈiːdɪkt/

edict

édit
Meaning
An official order, proclamation, or decree issued by an authority.
Example
The king issued an edict banning smoking in public places.
Le roi a émis un édit interdisant de fumer dans les lieux publics.
C1 adjective /juːˈfɔːrɪk/

euphoric

euphorique
Meaning
Characterized by or feeling intense excitement and happiness.
Example
The fans were euphoric after their team's victory.
Les fans étaient euphorique après la victoire de leur équipe.
C1 adjective ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈteə.ri.ən

egalitarian

égalitaire
Meaning
Believing in or based on the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
Example
The new law promotes an egalitarian society.
La nouvelle loi promeut une société égalitaire.
C1 adjective /ɪˈstreɪndʒd/

estranged

éloigné
Meaning
no longer close or affectionate with someone; alienated
Example
She felt estranged from her family after the long dispute.
Elle se sentait éloignée de sa famille après le long différend.
C1 adjective ɪˈveɪ.sɪv

evasive

évasif, rusé, flou
Meaning
Tending to avoid commitment or self-revelation, especially by responding only indirectly.
Example
He gave an evasive answer to avoid trouble.
Il a donné une réponse évasive pour éviter les ennuis.
C1 noun /ˌɛksɪˈkjuːʃənər/

executioner

bourreau
Meaning
A person who carries out a death sentence by execution.
Example
The executioner prepared the gallows for the condemned prisoner.
Le bourreau a préparé la potence pour le prisonnier condamné.
C1 noun /ɒnˈsɒmbəl/

ensemble

ensemble, groupe
Meaning
a group of things or people viewed as a whole, especially performers in music or theater
Example
The theater ensemble gave a spectacular performance.
L'ensemble théâtral a donné une performance spectaculaire.
C1 verb /ɪˈleɪt/

elate

rendre heureux
Meaning
To make someone very happy or proud.
Example
The success of the project elated the whole team.
Le succès du projet a ravi toute l'équipe.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːrθ.li/

Earthly

terrestre; mondain; matériel
Meaning
relating to the earth or human life; worldly; material rather than spiritual
Example
He focused on earthly pleasures rather than spiritual growth.
Il s'est concentré sur les plaisirs terrestres plutôt que sur la croissance spirituelle.
C1 noun /ɪkˈskriːʃən/

excretion

excrétion
Meaning
the process of eliminating waste matter from the body
Example
Excretion is vital for maintaining a healthy body.
L'excrétion est vitale pour maintenir un corps sain.
C1 noun /ˈɛstjʊəri/

estuary

estuaire
Meaning
the tidal mouth of a large river, where the tide meets the stream
Example
The city is located near the estuary of the river.
La ville est située près de l'estuaire du fleuve.
C1 adjective ˌɜː.ɡəˈnɒm.ɪk

ergonomic

conception ergonomique
Meaning
Designed for efficiency and comfort in the working environment; user-friendly and reducing strain.
Example
The chair has an ergonomic design for better posture.
La chaise a un design ergonomique pour une meilleure posture.
C1 noun /ˈɛkstrəˌvɜːrt/

extrovert

extraverti
Meaning
a person who is outgoing, sociable, and energized by being around other people
Example
As an extrovert, she enjoys meeting new people at social events.
En tant qu'extravertie, elle aime rencontrer de nouvelles personnes lors d'événements sociaux.
C1 verb /ɪnˈɡroʊs/

engross

absorbée
Meaning
to absorb all the attention or interest of someone
Example
She was so engrossed in the book that she forgot the time.
Elle était tellement absorbée dans le livre qu'elle a oublié l'heure.
C1 verb /ɪkˈskriːt/

excrete

excréter
Meaning
to eliminate waste matter from the body
Example
Humans excrete carbon dioxide through breathing.
Les humains excrètent du dioxyde de carbone par la respiration.
C1 verb /ɛmˈbɛzəl/

embezzle

détourner
Meaning
to steal or misuse money or property entrusted to one's care
Example
The accountant was arrested for embezzling company funds.
Le comptable a été arrêté pour avoir détourné des fonds de l'entreprise.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈspiːdiənt/

expedient

commode
Meaning
suitable or convenient for achieving a particular end, sometimes at the expense of morality
Example
It was expedient to take the shortcut despite the risks.
Il était commode de prendre le raccourci malgré les risques.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːr.nɪst/

Earnest

sérieux; authentique; montrant une conviction profonde et sérieuse
Meaning
sincere; genuine; showing deep and serious conviction
Example
He made an earnest attempt to solve the problem.
Il a fait une tentative sérieuse pour résoudre le problème.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔːr.bɪ.tənt/

exorbitant

exorbitant
Meaning
Unreasonably high in price or cost; excessive.
Example
The hotel charged an exorbitant price for a basic room.
L'hôtel a facturé un prix exorbitant pour une chambre basique.
C1 noun /ˈɒntreɪ/ (UK), /ˈɑːntreɪ/ (US)

entree

plat principal
Meaning
The main course of a meal (US); the right to enter or access (formal).
Example
The restaurant’s signature steak was served as the main entree.
Le steak signature du restaurant a été servi en tant que plat principal.
C1 noun /ˈek.saɪl/

Exile

exil
Meaning
the state of being barred from one's native country; enforced removal from one's homeland
Example
The political leader was forced into exile after the military coup.
Le leader politique a été contraint à l'exil après le coup d'état militaire.
C1 noun /ɪˈnɔːrmɪti/

enormity

énormité
Meaning
The extreme scale, seriousness, or extent of something perceived as bad or morally wrong.
Example
The enormity of the crime shocked the entire community.
L'énormité du crime a choqué toute la communauté.
C1 noun ˌiː.kəʊˈfrend.li ˌɜː.bən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

eco-friendly urbanization

urbanisation écologique
Meaning
The development of cities in a way that is not harmful to the environment.
Example
Eco-friendly urbanization reduces environmental degradation.
L'urbanisation écologique réduit la dégradation de l'environnement.
C1 verb /ɪˈvɪkt/

evict

expulser
Meaning
To expel someone from a property, usually by legal process.
Example
The landlord decided to evict the tenants for not paying rent.
Le propriétaire a décidé d'expulser les locataires pour non-paiement du loyer.
C1 adjective /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəl/

existential

existentiel
Meaning
Relating to human existence, often concerning meaning or purpose of life.
Example
She went through an existential crisis during her midlife.
Elle a traversé une crise existentielle pendant sa vie adulte.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtʃænt/

enchant

enchanter
Meaning
to delight or charm greatly; to cast a spell over
Example
The storyteller enchanted the children with his tales.
Le conteur a enchanté les enfants avec ses histoires.
C1 adjective ɪmˈpɪr.ɪ.kəl

empirical

empirique ou basé sur l'expérience
Meaning
Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
Example
Scientific research relies on empirical evidence.
La recherche scientifique repose sur des preuves empiriques.
C1 noun /iːl/

Eel

anguille
Meaning
a long, snake-like fish that lives in both fresh and salt water
Example
The electric eel can generate powerful electric shocks.
L’anguille électrique peut produire de puissantes décharges électriques.
C1 noun /ɪˌmæn.sɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/

Emancipation

émancipation
Meaning
the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions
Example
The emancipation of slaves was a significant moment in American history.
L'émancipation des esclaves a été un moment significatif dans l'histoire américaine.
C1 adjective /ˌɛk.spəˈnɛn.ʃəl/

exponential

croissance rapide ou expansion à un taux croissant
Meaning
Rapid growth or expansion at an increasing rate
Example
Technology is advancing at an exponential rate.
La technologie progresse à un rythme exponentiel.
C1 noun /ɪˈlɛk.trəʊ.laɪts/

electrolytes

électrolytes
Meaning
Minerals in body fluids that carry an electric charge and are essential for many bodily functions.
Example
Electrolytes help maintain proper fluid balance in the body.
Les électrolytes aident à maintenir l'équilibre des fluides dans le corps.
C1 noun/verb /ɪˈstiːm/

esteem

estime
Meaning
Respect and admiration, typically for a person.
Example
She is held in high esteem by her colleagues.
Elle est très respectée par ses collègues.
C1 noun /ˈɛksələnsɪ/

excellency

excellence
Meaning
a title of honor for people of high rank, especially ambassadors or governors
Example
His Excellency the Ambassador attended the ceremony.
Son Excellence l'Ambassadeur a assisté à la cérémonie.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstræpəleɪtɪŋ/

extrapolating

extrapoler
Meaning
Extend the application of (a method or conclusion) to an unknown situation by assuming that existing trends will continue.
Example
Extrapolating from the current data, we can estimate the trends for next year.
En extrapolant à partir des données actuelles, nous pouvons estimer les tendances pour l'année prochaine.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈskruːʃieɪtɪŋ/

excruciating

atroce
Meaning
causing extreme physical or mental pain
Example
She was in excruciating pain after the accident.
Elle était dans une douleur atroce après l'accident.
C1 noun /ɪɡˌzɪl.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

exhilaration

exaltation ou bonheur
Meaning
A feeling of excitement, happiness, or elation.
Example
The feeling of exhilaration after a roller-coaster ride is amazing.
Le sentiment d'exaltation après un tour de montagnes russes est incroyable.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈstreɪ.ni.əs/

extraneous

non pertinent
Meaning
Not directly related or essential to the matter at hand; irrelevant.
Example
The editor removed extraneous details from the report.
L'éditeur a supprimé les détails non pertinents du rapport.
C1 verb ɪˈræd.ɪ.keɪt

eradicate

éradiquer
Meaning
To destroy completely; to put an end to something undesirable.
Example
Vaccination programs help eradicate infectious diseases.
Les programmes de vaccination aident à éradiquer les maladies infectieuses.
C1 verb /ˈɛkstrəˌdaɪt/

extradite

extrader
Meaning
to hand over a person accused or convicted of a crime to another country or state
Example
The government agreed to extradite the fugitive to his home country.
Le gouvernement a accepté d'extrader le fugitif vers son pays d'origine.
C1 noun /ɪˈvæp.ər.ə.tɪv ˈkuː.lər/

Evaporative cooler

refroidisseur par évaporation
Meaning
a cooling device that uses water evaporation to reduce air temperature
Example
The evaporative cooler works best in dry climates.
Le refroidisseur par évaporation fonctionne mieux dans les climats secs.
C1 noun ɪnˈdaʊmənt

endowment

dote, don
Meaning
An income or form of property given or bequeathed to someone.
Example
The university received a large endowment for research.
L'université a reçu une grande dotation pour la recherche.
C1 noun /ˈiːɡətɪst/

egotist

égocentrique
Meaning
A person who is excessively self-centered or talks too much about themselves.
Example
The egotist dominated the conversation by talking only about his own achievements.
L'égocentrique a dominé la conversation en parlant uniquement de ses propres réalisations.
C1 adverb ˌekspəˈnenʃəli

exponentially

exponentiellement
Meaning
At a rapidly increasing rate; growing or expanding very quickly and intensely.
Example
Internet adoption is growing exponentially worldwide.
L'adoption d'Internet croît de manière exponentielle dans le monde entier.
C1 noun /ɪˈvændʒəlɪst/

evangelist

évangéliste
Meaning
A person who seeks to convert others to the Christian faith, especially by public preaching.
Example
The evangelist traveled across the country spreading his message.
L'évangéliste a voyagé à travers le pays en diffusant son message.
C1 verb /ɪkˈspend/

expend

dépenser
Meaning
to use up or consume; to spend energy or resources
Example
He expended all his energy on the project.
Il a dépensé toute son énergie pour le projet.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪv/

exhaustive

exhaustif et complet
Meaning
Fully comprehensive and including all possibilities.
Example
The report provides an exhaustive analysis of the issue.
Le rapport fournit une analyse exhaustive du problème.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzæktɪŋ/

exacting

exigeant
Meaning
demanding a lot of effort, attention, or precision
Example
She is known for her exacting standards in design.
Elle est connue pour ses normes exigeantes en design.
C1 adjective /ɪˈvæljʊətɪv/

evaluative

évaluatif
Meaning
Relating to or involving evaluation or assessment.
Example
The evaluative phase of the project involves assessing its success.
La phase évaluative du projet consiste à évaluer son succès.
C1 verb /ɪnˈreɪdʒ/

enrage

mettre en colère
Meaning
To make someone extremely angry.
Example
His unfair remarks enraged the audience.
Ses remarques injustes ont mis en colère le public.
C1 verb ɪˈluːd

elude

échapper
Meaning
Evade or escape from, typically in a skillful or cunning way; avoid being caught.
Example
The thief managed to elude the police.
Le voleur a réussi à échapper à la police.
C1 noun /ɪˌlæbəˈreɪʃən/

elaboration

élargissement / explication détaillée
Meaning
the process of adding more detail or expanding on something
Example
The teacher appreciated the student's elaboration of the topic.
Le professeur a apprécié l'élaboration du sujet par l'étudiant.
C1 verb /ɪnˈlɪst/

enlist

s'enrôler
Meaning
to join or sign up, especially for military service; to secure someone's support or help
Example
He decided to enlist in the army after graduation.
Il a décidé de s'enrôler dans l'armée après l'obtention de son diplôme.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsjuː/

ensue

suivre
Meaning
to happen as a result or consequence
Example
After the argument, silence ensued.
Après la dispute, le silence s'ensuivit.
C1 noun /ˈɛpɪθɛt/

epithet

épithète
Meaning
A descriptive phrase or word used to characterize someone or something, often as a nickname.
Example
He earned the epithet ‘The Great’ for his remarkable achievements.
Il a gagné l'épithète ‘Le Grand’ pour ses réalisations remarquables.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈspænsɪv/

expansive

expansif
Meaning
covering a wide area or having a wide range of ideas or emotions
Example
They enjoyed the expansive view from the hilltop.
Ils ont apprécié la vue expansive depuis le sommet de la colline.
C1 verb /ˈɛm.ə.neɪt/

emanate

émaner
Meaning
To come out or spread from a source.
Example
A sweet fragrance emanated from the garden.
Une douce fragrance émana du jardin.
C1 noun /ˌiː.kwɪˈlɪb.ri.əm/

equilibrium

équilibre
Meaning
A state of physical balance or stability in physical, mental, or economic conditions.
Example
The market reached an equilibrium between supply and demand.
Le marché a atteint un équilibre entre l'offre et la demande.
C1 noun ɪkˌstræp.əˈleɪ.ʃən

extrapolation

extrapolation
Meaning
The action of estimating or concluding something by assuming that existing trends will continue.
Example
His extrapolation of market trends helped in financial planning.
Son extrapolation des tendances du marché a aidé à la planification financière.
C1 noun /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/

etymology

étymologie
Meaning
The study of the origin of words and how their meanings and forms have evolved.
Example
The etymology of the word 'salary' comes from the Latin word for salt.
L'étymologie du mot 'salaire' vient du mot latin pour sel.
C1 noun /ˈek.stə.si/

Ecstasy

extase
Meaning
an overwhelming feeling of great happiness or joyful excitement
Example
She was in complete ecstasy when she heard the good news.
Elle était en complète extase lorsqu'elle a entendu les bonnes nouvelles.
C1 noun /ɪkˈspæns/

expanse

étendue vaste
Meaning
a wide, open area of land, sea, or sky
Example
The desert is a vast expanse of sand and rock.
Le désert est une vaste étendue de sable et de roches.
C1 noun /ˈɜːrθənˌwɛr/

earthenware

céramique
Meaning
pottery made of clay and hardened by heat
Example
The shop displayed beautiful earthenware pots and bowls.
Le magasin a exposé de beaux pots et bols en céramique.
C1 noun ˈeʃ.ə.lɒn

echelon

niveau, rang, échelon
Meaning
A level or rank in an organization, a profession, or society.
Example
He climbed to the upper echelon of the corporate world.
Il a grimpé au sommet de l'échelon du monde des affaires.
C1 adjective /ˌɛvərˈlæstɪŋ/

everlasting

éternel
Meaning
Lasting forever or for an indefinitely long time.
Example
The poet wrote about his everlasting love for nature.
Le poète a écrit sur son amour éternel pour la nature.
C1 noun/adjective /ɪˈliːtɪst/

elitist

élitiste
Meaning
A person who believes that a society should be led by an elite; showing preference for a privileged class.
Example
His elitist attitude made him unpopular among his peers.
Son attitude élitiste l'a rendu impopulaire parmi ses pairs.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɪləreɪtɪd/

exhilarated

exalté
Meaning
feeling very happy, animated, or elated
Example
She felt exhilarated after finishing the marathon.
Elle s'est sentie exaltée après avoir terminé le marathon.
C1 verb /ɛtʃ/

etch

graver
Meaning
to cut or carve a design onto a surface
Example
The artist etched her initials into the glass.
L'artiste a gravé ses initiales dans le verre.
C1 verb /ˈɛm.jʊˌleɪt/

emulate

imiter
Meaning
to imitate someone or something with the intent to equal or surpass
Example
Young athletes often emulate their idols.
Les jeunes athlètes imitent souvent leurs idoles.
C1 noun /ɪˈlɪpsɪs/

ellipsis

ellipse
Meaning
The omission of words in a sentence, represented by three dots (...).
Example
The writer used an ellipsis to show that part of the quote was omitted.
L'écrivain a utilisé une ellipse pour montrer qu'une partie de la citation a été omise.
C1 verb /ˈɛkskəˌveɪt/

excavate

bonheur
Meaning
to dig out or remove earth carefully, often for building or archaeological purposes
Example
The workers excavated the site to prepare for construction.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur quand elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun ɪɡˌzæs.pəˈreɪ.ʃən

exasperation

exaspération
Meaning
Extreme irritation or frustration.
Example
He sighed in exasperation after hearing the same excuse again.
Il soupira d'exaspération après avoir entendu la même excuse à nouveau.
C1 noun /ˌjuːθəˈneɪʒə/

euthanasia

suicide assisté
Meaning
The practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering.
Example
The debate about euthanasia raises difficult ethical questions.
Le débat sur l'euthanasie soulève des questions éthiques difficiles.