droop
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C1 verb /druːp/

droop

pencher
Meaning
to bend or hang downward; to become weak or tired
Example
The flowers began to droop in the heat.
Les fleurs ont commencé à se pencher sous la chaleur.
C1 verb /daɪˈvʌldʒ/

divulge

divulguer
Meaning
to make known something private, secret, or previously unknown
Example
She refused to divulge the source of her information.
Elle a refusé de divulguer la source de ses informations.
C1 verb /drɛntʃ/

drench

tremper
Meaning
to make someone or something completely wet
Example
The sudden rain drenched the players on the field.
La pluie soudaine a trempé les joueurs sur le terrain.
C1 noun /dɪˈfjuːʒən/

diffusion

diffusion
Meaning
the spreading of something more widely or the movement of particles from high to low concentration
Example
The diffusion of information on social media is rapid.
La diffusion de l'information sur les réseaux sociaux est rapide.
C1 noun /ˈdɛspətɪzəm/

despotism

despotisme
Meaning
absolute power exercised in a cruel and oppressive way
Example
The people revolted against the era of despotism.
Le peuple s'est révolté contre l'ère du despotisme.
C1 adjective /dɪˈraɪsɪv/

derisive

méprisant
Meaning
Expressing contempt or ridicule.
Example
She gave a derisive laugh at his attempt to sing.
Elle a donné un rire méprisant face à sa tentative de chanter.
C1 adjective /ˌdɪktəˈtɔːriəl/

dictatorial

dictatorial
Meaning
Having or showing a tendency to tell people what to do in an autocratic way.
Example
His dictatorial style made him unpopular among colleagues.
Son style dictatorial le rendait impopulaire parmi ses collègues.
C1 verb /dɪˈstɪl/

distill

distiller
Meaning
To purify a liquid by heating and cooling; to extract the essential meaning or most important aspects.
Example
The factory distills water to make it safe for drinking.
L'usine distille de l'eau pour la rendre sûre à boire.
C1 noun /ˌdiː.kɒmpəˈzɪʃən/

decomposition

décomposition
Meaning
the process of decaying or breaking down into simpler parts
Example
The decomposition of leaves enriches the soil.
La décomposition des feuilles enrichit le sol.
C1 adjective /daɪˈvɜːrsɪfaɪd/

diversified

diversifié
Meaning
Made or having variety in form, nature, or content.
Example
The company adopted a diversified business strategy to reduce risks.
L'entreprise a adopté une stratégie commerciale diversifiée pour réduire les risques.
C1 verb /diːˈhaɪdreɪt/

dehydrate

déshydrater
Meaning
to remove water from something; to lose water or body fluids
Example
Running in the heat can quickly dehydrate you.
Courir sous la chaleur peut rapidement vous déshydrater.
C1 noun /ˈded.lɑk/

Dead-lock

impasse; blocage
Meaning
a situation in which no progress is possible; complete standstill
Example
The negotiations reached a deadlock when neither side would compromise.
Les négociations ont atteint une impasse lorsque les deux parties ne voulaient pas faire de compromis.
C1 noun ˈdɪk.ʃən

diction

prononciation et choix des mots
Meaning
The style of pronunciation and word choice in speaking or writing.
Example
A strong diction enhances communication skills.
Une forte diction améliore les compétences en communication.
C1 noun dɪˌzɝː.t̬ə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

desertification

désertification
Meaning
The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
Example
Deforestation accelerates desertification.
La déforestation accélère la désertification.
C1 verb/adjective /dɪˈdʒɛnəreɪt/

degenerate

dégénérer
Meaning
To decline or deteriorate in quality, character, or condition; or someone with low moral standards.
Example
The once thriving empire began to degenerate into chaos.
L'empire autrefois prospère a commencé à dégénérer en chaos.
C1 noun /ˈdel.ɪ.kə.si/

Delicacy

délicatesse; un plat délicat ou coûteux;
Meaning
fineness of texture or structure; a choice or expensive food; sensitivity in handling
Example
The chef prepared a local delicacy that was famous throughout the region.
Le chef a préparé une délicatesse locale qui était célèbre dans toute la région.
C1 noun /ˈdæmpər/

damper

quelque chose qui réduit ou diminue la force, l'effet ou l'excitation
Meaning
something that reduces or lessens the force, effect, or excitement
Example
The cancellation of the trip put a damper on their enthusiasm.
L'annulation du voyage a réduit leur enthousiasme.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈhɑːrtənd/

Disheartened

démoralisé
Meaning
discouraged; feeling dejected; losing hope or confidence
Example
She felt disheartened after failing the exam twice.
Elle s'est sentie démoralisée après avoir échoué à l'examen deux fois.
C1 noun /ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtər/

demonstrator

démonstrateur, manifestant
Meaning
a person who shows how something works or takes part in a public protest
Example
The demonstrators marched peacefully through the city streets.
Les manifestants ont défilé pacifiquement dans les rues de la ville.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd/

disjointed

désorganisé
Meaning
Lacking order, coherence, or connection; disconnected.
Example
The movie felt disjointed and hard to follow.
Le film semblait désorganisé et difficile à suivre.
C1 noun ˈdaɪ.nə.sti

dynasty

dynastie
Meaning
A line of hereditary rulers of a country; a succession of people from the same family who play a prominent role in business, politics, or another field.
Example
The Ming dynasty ruled China for centuries.
La dynastie Ming a régné sur la Chine pendant des siècles.
C1 noun /dɪˈluːʒən/

delusion

illusion
Meaning
A false belief or impression maintained despite being contradicted by reality.
Example
He lived under the delusion that he was invincible.
Il vivait sous l'illusion qu'il était invincible.
C1 noun /ˌdɛtəˈneɪʃən/

detonation

détonation
Meaning
The act of exploding or causing something to explode.
Example
The sudden detonation shook the entire building.
La détonation soudaine a secoué tout le bâtiment.
C1 verb /dɪˈbɑːr/

debar

interdire
Meaning
To officially prevent someone from doing something.
Example
He was debarred from entering the competition due to cheating.
Il a été interdit d'entrer dans la compétition en raison de la triche.
C1 adjective /dɪˈspɜːrst/

dispersed

dispersé
Meaning
Scattered or spread across a wide area.
Example
The dispersed population made it difficult to provide public services.
La population dispersée a rendu difficile la fourniture de services publics.
C1 verb /dɪsˈkwɑːlɪfaɪ/

disqualify

disqualifier
Meaning
to officially prevent someone from participating or being eligible
Example
The referee decided to disqualify the player for cheating.
L'arbitre a décidé de disqualifier le joueur pour tricher.
C1 adjective /dɪˈfaɪənt/

Defiant

défiant; rebelle
Meaning
boldly resistant or challenging; disobedient
Example
The defiant student refused to follow the rules.
L'étudiant défiant a refusé de suivre les règles.
C1 noun /diːˈkrɪp.ʃən/

decryption

décryptage
Meaning
The process of converting encrypted data back into its original form so it can be understood.
Example
Hackers attempted decryption of classified data.
Les hackers ont tenté de décrypter des données classifiées.
C1 verb /dɪsˈpærɪdʒ/

disparage

dénigrer
Meaning
to criticize someone or something in a way that shows a lack of respect
Example
It is unfair to disparage people for their opinions.
Il est injuste de dénigrer les gens pour leurs opinions.
C1 noun /dɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/

denunciation

dénonciation / accusation publique
Meaning
the public condemnation or accusation of someone or something
Example
The journalist's article was a strong denunciation of corruption.
L'article du journaliste était une forte dénonciation de la corruption.
C1 adjective /dɪˈspɪkəbl/

despicable

méprisable
Meaning
Deserving hatred and contempt; vile or shameful.
Example
His despicable actions shocked the entire community.
Ses actions méprisables ont choqué toute la communauté.
C1 adjective dɪ ˈskrɛʃ.ən.er.i

discretionary

discrétionnaire
Meaning
Available for use at the discretion of the user; not required or mandatory.
Example
He set aside some discretionary income for travel.
Il a mis de côté un revenu discrétionnaire pour voyager.
C1 noun /ˌdɪsəˈbiːdiəns/

disobedience

désobéissance
Meaning
failure or refusal to obey rules, laws, or authority
Example
The child's disobedience worried his parents.
La désobéissance de l'enfant inquiéta ses parents.
C1 noun /ˌdiː.mɑːˈkeɪ.ʃən/

Demarcation

démarcation
Meaning
the action of fixing the boundary or limits of something; separation or division
Example
The demarcation between public and private land was clearly marked.
La délimitation entre les terres publiques et privées était clairement marquée.
C1 noun /ˈdɛdlɒk/

deadlock

impasse
Meaning
a situation in which progress is impossible because of disagreement
Example
Negotiations reached a deadlock after neither side agreed to compromise.
Les négociations ont atteint un impasse après que les deux parties aient refusé de faire des compromis.
C1 verb /diːˈfjuːz/

defuse

désamorcer
Meaning
To make a situation less dangerous, tense, or explosive; to remove a fuse from a bomb.
Example
The negotiator helped defuse the tense situation.
Le négociateur a aidé à désamorcer la situation tendue.
C1 noun /ˌdez.ɪɡˈneɪ.ʃən/

Designation

désignation; titre; poste; statut officiel
Meaning
the action of choosing someone for a position; a name, title, or official status
Example
His designation as team leader came with additional responsibilities and authority.
Sa désignation en tant que leader d'équipe s'accompagnait de responsabilités supplémentaires et d'autorité.
C1 adjective /dɪˈskriːt/

discrete

discret
Meaning
individually separate and distinct
Example
The course is divided into three discrete modules.
Le cours est divisé en trois modules discrets.
C1 adjective /ˌdaɪəˈbɒlɪkəl/

diabolical

diabolique
Meaning
Wicked, cruel, or outrageously bad; resembling the devil.
Example
The dictator’s diabolical rule brought misery to the nation.
Le régime diabolique du dictateur a apporté la misère à la nation.
C1 verb /dɪˈteɪn/

detain

détenir
Meaning
to keep someone from proceeding; to hold back, especially by official authority
Example
The police detained the suspect for questioning.
La police a détenu le suspect pour l'interroger.
C1 noun /ˌdɛsɪˈmeɪʃən/

decimation

décimation
Meaning
The act of destroying or killing a large proportion of something.
Example
The decimation of the city left thousands homeless.
La décimation de la ville a laissé des milliers de sans-abri.
C1 verb /dɪˈflɛkt/

deflect

détourner / éviter
Meaning
to cause something to change direction; to avoid answering directly
Example
The shield deflected the incoming arrow.
Le bouclier a dévié la flèche entrante.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈsɪmɪlər/

dissimilar

différent
Meaning
Not alike; different.
Example
Though they are twins, their personalities are dissimilar.
Bien qu'ils soient jumeaux, leurs personnalités sont différentes.
C1 noun /ˈdaɪhɑːrd/

diehard

fanatique
Meaning
A person who strongly resists change and remains loyal to a belief or cause.
Example
He is a diehard fan of classic rock music.
Il est un fanatique inconditionnel du rock classique.
C1 verb /ˈdaʊn.pleɪ/

downplay

minimiser
Meaning
to make something seem less important than it really is
Example
The company tried to downplay the risks of the new product.
L'entreprise a essayé de minimiser les risques du nouveau produit.
C1 verb /dɪsˈpruːv/

disprove

démontre que quelque chose est faux
Meaning
to show that something is false or wrong
Example
The scientist worked hard to disprove the old theory.
Le scientifique a travaillé dur pour prouver que la vieille théorie était fausse.
C1 noun ˌdiː.sen.trə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

decentralization

décentralisation
Meaning
The transfer of authority from central to local government.
Example
Decentralization promotes regional autonomy.
La décentralisation favorise l'autonomie régionale.
C1 noun /ˈdɪɡnɪˌtɛri/

dignitary

personne importante
Meaning
a person considered to be important because of high rank or office
Example
Several foreign dignitaries attended the state banquet.
Plusieurs dignitaires étrangers ont assisté au banquet d'État.
C1 adjective /dɪˈfʌŋkt/

defunct

hors service, disparu
Meaning
No longer existing, operating, or functioning.
Example
The company became defunct after the financial crisis.
L'entreprise est devenue défectueuse après la crise financière.
C1 verb /dɪˈsɛm.ɪ.neɪt/

disseminate

diffuser
Meaning
To spread or give out something, especially news, information, ideas, etc., to a lot of people.
Example
Social media helps to disseminate information quickly.
Les réseaux sociaux aident à diffuser rapidement les informations.
C1 adjective /dɪˈskrɪmɪˌneɪtɪŋ/

discriminating

discriminant
Meaning
Having refined taste or good judgment; able to recognize subtle differences.
Example
She is known for her discriminating taste in art.
Elle est connue pour son goût discriminant en art.
C1 noun dɪˌlɪb.əˈreɪ.ʃən

deliberation

délibération
Meaning
Long and careful consideration or discussion.
Example
The agreement was finalized after much deliberation.
L'accord a été finalisé après beaucoup de délibération.
C1 verb /dɪˈsɛnt/

dissent

désapprouver
Meaning
To hold or express opinions that are different from those officially accepted.
Example
Several members dissented from the majority decision.
Plusieurs membres ont exprimé un désaccord avec la décision majoritaire.
C1 noun ˈdɛtrɪ.mənt

detriment

dommage, préjudice, détriment
Meaning
Harm, damage, impairment.
Example
Smoking is a detriment to health.
Fumer est un détriment pour la santé.
C1 adjective /ˈdaʊ.ər/

dour

sévère
Meaning
relentlessly severe, stern, or gloomy in manner or appearance
Example
His dour expression made the meeting uncomfortable.
Son expression sévère rendait la réunion inconfortable.
C1 verb /dɪˈsɛkt/

dissect

disséquer
Meaning
to cut apart an animal, plant, or other organism to study its internal parts; to analyze something in detail
Example
In biology class, students had to dissect a frog to learn about its anatomy.
En cours de biologie, les étudiants ont dû disséquer une grenouille pour apprendre son anatomie.
C1 adjective /dɪˈsperɪŋ/

Despairing

désespérant
Meaning
feeling hopeless; in despair
Example
She felt despairing after losing her job.
Elle se sentait désespérée après avoir perdu son travail.
C1 verb /doʊt/

dote

gâter
Meaning
to show excessive love or fondness for someone or something
Example
She tends to dote on her grandchildren.
Elle a tendance à gâter ses petits-enfants.
C1 noun /ˌdɜːrməˈtɑːlədʒi/

dermatology

dermatologie
Meaning
The branch of medicine concerned with the skin and its diseases.
Example
He studied dermatology at medical school.
Il a étudié la dermatologie à l'école de médecine.
C1 noun /ˌdɪsərˈteɪʃən/

dissertation

thèse
Meaning
A long piece of writing on a particular subject, usually written for a university degree.
Example
She spent two years writing her doctoral dissertation.
Elle a passé deux ans à rédiger sa thèse doctorale.
C1 noun ˌdaɪvɜːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən

diversification

diversification
Meaning
The practice of spreading investments across various assets or sectors to reduce risk.
Example
Diversification helps to reduce investment risk.
La diversification aide à réduire le risque d'investissement.
C1 verb /ˈdæŋɡəl/

dangle

pendre
Meaning
to hang loosely or swing freely
Example
The keys dangled from his belt.
Les clés pendaient de sa ceinture.
C1 noun /ˈdɪm.pəl/

Dimple

fossette
Meaning
a small depression in the flesh, either one that exists permanently or one that forms when smiling
Example
Her charming dimples appeared whenever she smiled at the children.
Ses adorables fossettes apparaissaient chaque fois qu'elle souriait aux enfants.
C1 adjective /dɪˈmɛntɪd/

demented

dément / irrationnel
Meaning
behaving irrationally due to mental illness or extreme excitement
Example
He looked demented after hearing the shocking news.
Il avait l'air dément après avoir entendu la nouvelle choquante.
C1 verb /ˌdɪsɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/

disengage

désengager
Meaning
To release or detach oneself from something; to withdraw.
Example
He tried to disengage from the heated argument.
Il a essayé de se désengager de la discussion animée.
C1 verb dɪˈlɪnieɪt

delineate

décrire de manière précise
Meaning
To describe or portray something precisely
Example
The artist delineated the scene in intricate detail.
L'artiste a délimité la scène avec des détails complexes.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈkɔːrdənt/

discordant

discordant
Meaning
disagreeing or clashing; harsh and jarring in sound
Example
The discordant notes of the band hurt our ears.
Les notes discordantes du groupe ont blessé nos oreilles.
C1 verb /dɪˈtɛst/

detest

détester
Meaning
To dislike intensely or hate.
Example
I detest waking up early on weekends.
Je déteste me lever tôt le week-end.
C1 noun /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/

disposition

disposition
Meaning
A person's usual attitude or temperament; arrangement or tendency.
Example
She has a cheerful disposition despite the difficulties.
Elle a une disposition joyeuse malgré les difficultés.
C1 phrase ˌdɪp.ləˈmæt.ɪk rɛz.əˈluː.ʃən

diplomatic resolution

résolution diplomatique
Meaning
A peaceful solution to conflicts through negotiation and diplomatic channels.
Example
A diplomatic resolution is necessary for peace.
Une résolution diplomatique est nécessaire pour la paix.
C1 noun /ˌdɪs.kʌl.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

discoloration

décoloration
Meaning
The process of changing or losing color; fading.
Example
Sun exposure causes discoloration of fabrics.
L'exposition au soleil provoque la décoloration des tissus.
C1 noun /ˈderˌdevəl/

daredevil

courageux imprudent
Meaning
A person who enjoys doing dangerous or risky things.
Example
The stunt was performed by a famous daredevil.
L'acrobatie a été réalisée par un célèbre imprudent.
C1 verb /dɪˈspɜːrs/

disperse

disperser
Meaning
To scatter or spread widely in different directions.
Example
The police used tear gas to disperse the crowd.
La police a utilisé du gaz lacrymogène pour disperser la foule.
C1 adjective /dɪˈɡreɪdɪd/

degraded

dégradé
Meaning
Reduced in quality, dignity, or condition.
Example
The villagers were forced to live in degraded conditions.
Les villageois ont été forcés de vivre dans des conditions dégradées.
C1 verb /ˌdɪsəˈsɛmbəl/

disassemble

démonter
Meaning
To take apart something into its separate pieces.
Example
He had to disassemble the computer to repair it.
Il a dû démonter l'ordinateur pour le réparer.
C1 noun /deɪˈbɑː.kəl/

debacle

débâcle
Meaning
A sudden and ignominious failure; a fiasco.
Example
The company's poor management led to a financial debacle.
La mauvaise gestion de l'entreprise a conduit à un débâcle financier.
C1 noun /ˈdrɛsˌmeɪkər/

dressmaker

couturière
Meaning
A person who makes or alters women's clothing professionally.
Example
The dressmaker crafted a beautiful gown for the bride.
La couturière a créé une belle robe pour la mariée.
C1 verb /dɪˈluːd/

delude

tromper
Meaning
To mislead someone into believing something that is not true.
Example
He deluded himself into thinking he could win the race without training.
Il s'est trompé lui-même en pensant qu'il pouvait gagner la course sans s'entraîner.
C1 adjective /ˈdwɪndlɪŋ/

dwindling

diminution
Meaning
Gradually reducing in number, size, or strength.
Example
The villagers relied on dwindling water supplies.
Les villageois dépendaient des réserves d'eau en diminution.
C1 adjective /daɪər/

Dire

grave; urgent; terrible
Meaning
extremely serious; urgent; terrible
Example
The country is facing a dire economic crisis.
Le pays fait face à une grave crise économique.
C1 verb /dɪˈmɔrəˌlaɪz/

demoralize

démoraliser
Meaning
to cause someone to lose confidence or hope
Example
The constant criticism demoralized the young athlete.
La critique constante a démoralisé le jeune athlète.
C1 adjective /ˈdesələt/

Desolate

désert; solitaire; stérile
Meaning
deserted; lonely; barren
Example
The abandoned village looked desolate and empty.
Le village abandonné avait l'air désert et vide.
C1 verb /dɪˈdjuːs/

deduce

déduire
Meaning
to reach a conclusion by reasoning or inference
Example
From the evidence, the detective deduced that the suspect was lying.
À partir des preuves, le détective a déduit que le suspect mentait.
C1 verb ˈdwɪn.dl

dwindle

diminuer
Meaning
To diminish gradually in size, amount, or strength; to become progressively smaller.
Example
His savings dwindled due to unexpected expenses.
Ses économies ont diminué en raison de dépenses imprévues.
C1 noun /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/

defamation

diffamation
Meaning
the act of damaging someone's reputation by making false statements
Example
The newspaper was sued for defamation of character.
Le journal a été poursuivi pour diffamation.
C1 noun, verb /dɪsˈɑːnər/

dishonor

déshonneur
Meaning
a state of shame or loss of respect; to bring shame upon someone or something
Example
The soldier felt he had brought dishonor to his family.
Le soldat a senti qu'il avait apporté le déshonneur à sa famille.
C1 noun /ˈdɪsɪdənt/

dissident

dissident
Meaning
A person who opposes official policy, especially that of an authoritarian state.
Example
The dissident was arrested for speaking against the government.
Le dissident a été arrêté pour avoir parlé contre le gouvernement.
C1 noun /djuːn/

dune

dune
Meaning
A hill or ridge of sand formed by the wind, usually found in deserts or near beaches.
Example
The children played on the sand dune by the beach.
Les enfants jouaient sur la dune de sable près de la plage.
C1 noun/verb /ˈdiːkɔɪ/

decoy

appât
Meaning
something or someone used to lure or mislead
Example
The hunters used a wooden duck as a decoy.
Les chasseurs ont utilisé un canard en bois comme appât.
C1 noun /ˌdev.əˈtiː/

Devotee

dévote; adepte
Meaning
a person who is very interested in and enthusiastic about someone or something
Example
As a devotee of classical music, she attended every concert in the city.
En tant que dévote de la musique classique, elle assistait à chaque concert de la ville.
C1 verb /daʊs/

douse

éteindre / verser
Meaning
to pour liquid over; to extinguish a fire or light
Example
Firefighters doused the flames with water.
Les pompiers ont éteint les flammes avec de l'eau.
C1 adjective /ˈdɒɡɪd/

dogged

obstiné
Meaning
showing stubborn determination and persistence
Example
She succeeded through dogged determination.
Elle a réussi grâce à sa détermination obstinée.
C1 noun /dɪˈsaɪ.pəl/

Disciple

disciple; partisan
Meaning
a follower and student of a teacher, leader, or philosopher; devoted follower
Example
The famous philosopher had many disciples who spread his teachings worldwide.
Le célèbre philosophe avait de nombreux disciples qui ont répandu ses enseignements dans le monde entier.
C1 noun /ˈdaʊn.pɔːr/

Downpour

pluie battante; averse soudaine
Meaning
a heavy fall of rain; a sudden heavy rainfall
Example
The sudden downpour caught everyone off guard and soaked the outdoor event.
La pluie battante soudaine a pris tout le monde au dépourvu et a trempé l'événement extérieur.
C1 adjective dɪsˈfʌŋkʃənl

dysfunctional

dysfonctionnel
Meaning
Not operating normally or properly.
Example
The dysfunctional system led to numerous delays and errors.
Le système dysfonctionnel a provoqué de nombreux retards et erreurs.
C1 verb /dɪˈpriːʃieɪt/

depreciate

déprécier
Meaning
to reduce in value over time
Example
Cars tend to depreciate quickly in their first few years.
Les voitures ont tendance à se déprécier rapidement dans leurs premières années.
C1 verb /diːˈkoʊd/

decode

décoder
Meaning
to convert a coded message into a readable form; to interpret meaning
Example
The software can decode the hidden message within seconds.
Le logiciel peut décoder le message caché en quelques secondes.
C1 noun dɪˈtɜː.mɪ.nənt

determinant

facteur déterminant
Meaning
A factor that decisively affects the nature or outcome of something.
Example
Education is a key determinant of success.
L'éducation est un facteur déterminant du succès.
C1 noun /djuːˈɛt/

duet

duo
Meaning
a musical performance by two singers or instrumentalists
Example
They sang a beautiful duet together on stage.
Ils ont chanté un magnifique duo ensemble sur scène.
C1 verb /ˌdɪskənˈsɜːrt/

disconcert

déconcerter
Meaning
To unsettle, confuse, or disturb the composure of someone.
Example
The sudden change of plans disconcerted the team.
Le changement soudain de plans a déconcerté l'équipe.
C1 noun /ˈdeɪˌbreɪk/

daybreak

aurore
Meaning
The time in the morning when daylight first appears; dawn.
Example
They set out on their journey at daybreak.
Ils ont commencé leur voyage à l'aube.
C1 noun dɪˈsʌɪsɪvnɪs

decisiveness

capacité de décision
Meaning
The ability to make decisions quickly and effectively.
Example
His decisiveness during the crisis saved the company.
Sa capacité à prendre des décisions pendant la crise a sauvé l'entreprise.
C1 noun ˌdɪs.ɪnˈfek.ʃən

disinfection

désinfection
Meaning
The process of destroying harmful microorganisms to prevent infection.
Example
Kitchen appliances require frequent disinfection.
Les appareils de cuisine nécessitent une désinfection fréquente.
C1 verb /dɪsˈlɒdʒ/

dislodge

déloger
Meaning
To remove or force out from a position, especially one that is fixed or hard to move.
Example
The troops dislodged the enemy from the hill.
Les troupes ont délogé l'ennemi de la colline.
C1 noun /dɪˈpɑːzətɔːri/

depository

dépôt, entrepôt
Meaning
a place where things are stored or deposited, especially financial assets
Example
The national depository safeguards all government bonds.
Le dépôt national protège tous les bons du gouvernement.
C1 noun /ˈdɪsənˌtɛri/

dysentery

maladie intestinale (diarrhée avec sang et mucus)
Meaning
An infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea with blood and mucus.
Example
Many soldiers suffered from dysentery during the war.
Beaucoup de soldats ont souffert de dysenterie pendant la guerre.
C1 noun /dɜːrθ/

dearth

pénurie
Meaning
A scarcity or lack of something.
Example
There was a dearth of food during the famine.
Il y avait une pénurie de nourriture pendant la famine.
C1 verb /dɪˈzɪst/

desist

cesser
Meaning
to stop doing something, especially an action considered wrong or undesirable
Example
The judge ordered the company to desist from unfair practices.
Le juge a ordonné à l'entreprise de cesser les pratiques injustes.
C1 noun /dɪsˈɪntrəst/

disinterest

désintérêt
Meaning
lack of interest or concern
Example
His disinterest in the project was obvious.
Son désintérêt pour le projet était évident.
C1 noun /ˈdɒɡmə/

dogma

dogme
Meaning
A principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true.
Example
The religious leader strictly adhered to traditional dogma.
Le leader religieux s'est strictement conformé au dogme traditionnel.
C1 noun /ˌdɜːrməˈtɑːlədʒɪst/

dermatologist

dermatologue
Meaning
A doctor who specializes in the treatment of skin diseases.
Example
She consulted a dermatologist for her skin allergy.
Elle a consulté un dermatologue pour son allergie à la peau.
C1 noun /ˈdɛməɡɒɡ/

demagogue

leader démagogue
Meaning
A political leader who seeks support by appealing to popular desires and prejudices rather than by using rational argument.
Example
The crowd was swayed by the fiery speeches of the demagogue.
La foule a été influencée par les discours enflammés du leader démagogue.
C1 noun /ˌdɛrɪˈveɪʃən/

derivation

dérivation
Meaning
The origin or development of something from a source.
Example
The derivation of the word comes from Latin.
La dérivation du mot vient du latin.
C1 noun /dɪˈmaɪz/

demise

décès / fin
Meaning
Death or end of something, especially the end of an institution or system.
Example
The sudden demise of the company shocked investors.
La chute soudaine de l'entreprise a choqué les investisseurs.
C1 noun ˌdɛɡrəˈdeɪʃən

degradation

dégradation
Meaning
The condition or process of degrading or being degraded.
Example
Soil degradation due to overuse is a growing issue.
La dégradation des sols due à une utilisation excessive est un problème croissant.
C1 noun /ˈdjuːplɛks/

duplex

maison duplex
Meaning
A house or apartment divided into two separate residences.
Example
They live in a duplex near the city center.
Ils vivent dans un duplex près du centre-ville.
C1 adjective /dɪˈvaʊt/

devout

dévoué
Meaning
Deeply religious or sincere.
Example
He is a devout believer who prays every day.
Il est un croyant dévoué qui prie chaque jour.
C1 verb /ˌdɪsˈmaʊnt/

dismount

descendre
Meaning
to get off or down from something, especially a horse, bicycle, or motorcycle
Example
The rider dismounted from the horse after a long journey.
Le cavalier est descendu du cheval après un long voyage.
C1 verb dɪˈsaɪ.fɚ

decipher

déchiffrer, traduire, interpréter
Meaning
To convert something written in code into normal language; to succeed in understanding the meaning of something.
Example
It took hours to decipher the ancient script.
Il a fallu des heures pour déchiffrer l'écriture ancienne.
C1 noun /ˈdaɪnəˌmoʊ/

dynamo

machine qui génère de l'électricité; une personne avec une grande énergie et enthousiasme
Meaning
A machine that generates electricity; a person with great energy and enthusiasm.
Example
She is the real dynamo behind the success of the company.
Elle est la véritable dynamo derrière le succès de l'entreprise.
C1 noun /dɪˈfɔː.mə.ti/

Deformity

déformation; malformation physique
Meaning
a distorted or unnatural shape or form; physical malformation
Example
The accident caused a permanent deformity in his left hand.
L'accident a causé une déformation permanente dans sa main gauche.