discredit
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C1 verb, noun /dɪsˈkrɛdɪt/

discredit

discréditer
Meaning
To harm the reputation of someone or something; loss of respect or credibility.
Example
The scandal discredited the politician in the eyes of the public.
Le scandale a discrédité le politicien aux yeux du public.
C1 noun /ˈspɔɪlˌspɔːrt/

spoilsport

rabat-joie
Meaning
A person who ruins other people's enjoyment or fun.
Example
Don't be a spoilsport and let us enjoy the party.
Ne sois pas un rabat-joie et laisse-nous profiter de la fête.
C1 noun /kəˈmɪtl̩/

committal

envoi en prison / détention
Meaning
The action of sending a person to prison or a mental hospital; also the act of committing something to a particular place.
Example
The judge ordered the committal of the accused to custody.
Le juge a ordonné l'envoi de l'accusé en détention.
C1 noun /ˌsɛlf əˌfɜːˈmeɪʃən/

self-affirmation

auto-affirmation
Meaning
The practice of affirming one's own worthiness and value as an individual.
Example
Daily self-affirmation can boost your confidence.
L'auto-affirmation quotidienne peut augmenter votre confiance.
C1 verb /rɪˈvɪər/

revere

vénérer
Meaning
To deeply respect or admire someone or something.
Example
The students revered their teacher for his wisdom.
Les étudiants ont vénéré leur professeur pour sa sagesse.
C1 noun /hjuːˈmɪl.ɪ.ti/

humility

humilité
Meaning
The quality of having a modest or low view of one's importance.
Example
She accepted the award with grace and humility.
Elle a accepté le prix avec grâce et humilité.
C1 noun /ɪˈvændʒəlɪst/

evangelist

évangéliste
Meaning
A person who seeks to convert others to the Christian faith, especially by public preaching.
Example
The evangelist traveled across the country spreading his message.
L'évangéliste a voyagé à travers le pays en diffusant son message.
C1 noun/verb /reɪn/

rein

rênes / contrôle
Meaning
A strap used to control a horse; to control or guide something.
Example
The rider pulled the rein to stop the horse.
Le cavalier a tiré sur la rêne pour arrêter le cheval.
C1 noun /ˈfjuː.tʃə.rɪst/

futurist

futuriste
Meaning
A person who studies or predicts the future, especially trends in science, technology, or society.
Example
The futurist predicted major changes in transportation within the next decade.
Le futuriste a prédit d'importants changements dans les transports au cours de la prochaine décennie.
C1 adjective /bɪˈleɪtɪd/

belated

tardif
Meaning
coming or happening later than expected or usual
Example
She sent me a belated birthday card.
Elle m'a envoyé une carte d'anniversaire tardive.
C1 noun /ˌfɜːrmənˈteɪʃən/

fermentation

fermentation, changement chimique par levures ou bactéries
Meaning
a chemical process by which substances like sugar are converted into alcohol or acids using microorganisms
Example
The fermentation of grapes produces wine.
La fermentation des raisins produit du vin.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːbərn/

auburn

châtain roux
Meaning
reddish-brown in color, especially used to describe hair
Example
She has long auburn hair that shines in the sunlight.
Elle a de longs cheveux châtain roux qui brillent au soleil.
C1 noun /ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒɪst/

anthropologist

anthropologue
Meaning
a person who studies human societies, cultures, and their development
Example
The anthropologist spent years studying the tribal community.
L'anthropologue a passé des années à étudier la communauté tribale.
C1 noun /ɪnˌkɑːsəˈreɪʃən/

incarceration

incarcération
Meaning
the state of being imprisoned or confined
Example
The criminal faced years of incarceration for his crimes.
Le criminel a purgé des années d'incarcération pour ses crimes.
C1 noun ˌdjʊə.rəˈbɪl.ə.ti

durability

durabilité
Meaning
The ability to withstand wear, pressure, or damage; hard-wearing.
Example
The durability of materials affects performance.
La durabilité des matériaux affecte la performance.
C1 noun, verb /səˈpiːnə/

subpoena

citation judiciaire
Meaning
a legal document ordering someone to attend court; to summon someone with such a document
Example
The witness received a subpoena to appear in court next week.
Le témoin a reçu une citation judiciaire pour comparaître au tribunal la semaine prochaine.
C1 adjective /sɪər/

Sear

séché; brûlé; fané
Meaning
withered; dried up; burned or scorched
Example
The sear leaves fell from the trees in autumn.
Les feuilles séchées sont tombées des arbres en automne.
C1 noun /ˈvæɡ.ə.bɒnd/

Vagabond

vagabond; sans-abri
Meaning
a person who has no home or job and travels from place to place
Example
The old vagabond wandered through the streets looking for food.
Le vieux vagabond errait dans les rues à la recherche de nourriture.
C1 adjective /ˌɔː.riˈen.təl/

Oriental

relatif aux pays de l'Asie de l'Est; oriental
Meaning
relating to the countries of East Asia; eastern
Example
The museum has a beautiful collection of oriental art.
Le musée possède une belle collection d'art oriental.
C1 noun /ˈfɒdər/

fodder

fourrage
Meaning
food for livestock such as cattle, horses, or sheep; also something considered of little value but used to supply a demand
Example
The farmer stored enough fodder for the cattle to last through winter.
Le fermier a stocké suffisamment de fourrage pour que le bétail ait de quoi se nourrir pendant l'hiver.
C1 verb /riːk/

wreak

causer des dégâts
Meaning
to cause or inflict something, especially damage or harm
Example
The storm wreaked havoc on the coastal villages.
La tempête a causé de grands dégâts dans les villages côtiers.
C1 noun /poʊˈlær.ɪ.ti/

polarity

polarité
Meaning
the state of having two opposite or contradictory tendencies, opinions, or aspects
Example
The polarity between the two political parties is growing stronger.
La polarité entre les deux partis politiques devient de plus en plus forte.
C1 verb trænˈsɛnd

transcend

transcender
Meaning
To go beyond the limits of something; to surpass or exceed
Example
His effort to transcend traditional methods was commendable.
Son effort pour transcender les méthodes traditionnelles était louable.
C1 adjective /ɡlʌm/

Glum

triste; abattu; morose
Meaning
sad; dejected; downcast; gloomy
Example
He looked glum after hearing the bad news.
Il avait l'air triste après avoir entendu les mauvaises nouvelles.
C1 adjective ˌæv.ɒ̃ˈɡɑːd

avant-garde

avant-gardiste
Meaning
New and experimental; characterized by departure from or rejection of accepted standards.
Example
Avant-garde designs redefine the dining experience.
Les designs avant-gardistes redéfinissent l'expérience culinaire.
C1 adjective /sər'pæs.ɪŋ/

Surpassing

exceptionnel; supérieur; extraordinaire
Meaning
exceeding; going beyond; outstanding
Example
Her surpassing beauty made everyone stop and stare.
Sa beauté exceptionnelle a fait que tout le monde s'arrête et la regarde.
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɪə.ləs/

Cheerless

triste; morne; sans joie
Meaning
lacking happiness or comfort; gloomy; depressing; without cheer
Example
The old house looked cheerless and abandoned in the winter rain.
La vieille maison paraissait triste et abandonnée sous la pluie hivernale.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnskrɪpt/

conscript

forcé quelqu'un à rejoindre l'armée
Meaning
to force someone into military service
Example
The government conscripted young men during the war.
Le gouvernement a conscrit des jeunes hommes pendant la guerre.
C1 adjective /ˈen.vi.ə.bəl/

Enviable

envieux
Meaning
causing envy; desirable
Example
Her success was enviable among her peers.
Son succès était enviable parmi ses collègues.
C1 noun /ˈtræpɪŋz/

trappings

attributs
Meaning
the outward signs, features, or objects associated with a role, event, or status
Example
The king appeared with all the trappings of royalty.
Le roi est apparu avec tous les attributs de la royauté.
C1 noun /ˌɪnɪkˈspɪəriəns/

inexperience

inexpérience
Meaning
Lack of knowledge or skill in a particular activity or field.
Example
His inexperience in handling negotiations was evident.
Son inexpérience dans la gestion des négociations était évidente.
C1 noun /ˈstɪm.jʊ.laɪ/

stimuli

stimulant
Meaning
Things that create reactions or provide motivation.
Example
Bright light and loud sounds are common stimuli for alertness.
La lumière brillante et les bruits forts sont des stimuli courants pour la vigilance.
C1 verb /wɪns/

wince

grincer des dents à cause de la douleur
Meaning
To make an involuntary movement of the face or body as a result of pain or distress.
Example
He winced when the doctor touched his injured arm.
Il a grimacé lorsque le médecin a touché son bras blessé.
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɪzəm/

conservatism

conservatisme
Meaning
A political or social philosophy promoting traditional institutions and resistance to change.
Example
Conservatism values tradition and gradual development.
Le conservatisme valorise la tradition et le développement progressif.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛnərəbəl/

Venerable

vénérable; respecté
Meaning
deserving respect due to age, wisdom, or character; revered
Example
The venerable professor has taught at the university for fifty years.
Le vénérable professeur enseigne à l'université depuis cinquante ans.
C1 noun /ˈæmfɪˌθiətər/

amphitheater

amphithéâtre
Meaning
A large open circular or oval building with rising tiers of seats, used for public events.
Example
The concert was held in an ancient amphitheater.
Le concert a eu lieu dans un amphithéâtre ancien.
C1 adjective /tænˈdʒɛnʃəl/

tangential

tangentielle
Meaning
relating to or along a tangent; slightly or indirectly related to something
Example
His remarks were tangential to the main topic of discussion.
Ses remarques étaient tangentielles au sujet principal de la discussion.
C1 noun /djuːˈɛt/

duet

duo
Meaning
a musical performance by two singers or instrumentalists
Example
They sang a beautiful duet together on stage.
Ils ont chanté un magnifique duo ensemble sur scène.
C1 verb /praʊl/

prowl

rôder (pour chasser ou chercher)
Meaning
To move around quietly and secretly, especially while hunting or searching.
Example
The cat prowled around the garden at night.
Le chat a rôdé autour du jardin la nuit.
C1 verb /ˈtɑːtər/

totter

tituber
Meaning
To move unsteadily, as if about to fall; to be on the point of collapse.
Example
The old man tottered across the street with a cane.
Le vieil homme a titubé à travers la rue avec une canne.
C1 adjective /spɑːrs/

sparse

rare
Meaning
thinly scattered or distributed; not dense or abundant
Example
Vegetation was sparse in the desert.
La végétation était rare dans le désert.
C1 adjective /dɪˈsperɪŋ/

Despairing

désespérant
Meaning
feeling hopeless; in despair
Example
She felt despairing after losing her job.
Elle se sentait désespérée après avoir perdu son travail.
C1 adjective /ˈfæn.sɪ.fəl/

fanciful

fantaisiste, irréaliste
Meaning
overimaginative, unrealistic, or whimsical
Example
The story was too fanciful to be true.
L'histoire était trop fantaisiste pour être vraie.
C1 verb /drɛntʃ/

drench

tremper
Meaning
to make someone or something completely wet
Example
The sudden rain drenched the players on the field.
La pluie soudaine a trempé les joueurs sur le terrain.
C1 noun /əbˈstrʌkʃən/

obstruction

obstacle
Meaning
Something that blocks or gets in the way; the action of obstructing.
Example
There was an obstruction on the railway track.
Il y avait un obstacle sur la voie ferrée.
C1 noun /ˌmiːtiəˈrɒlədʒi/

meteorology

météorologie
Meaning
The scientific study of the atmosphere and weather.
Example
He chose to specialize in meteorology to study weather patterns.
Il a choisi de se spécialiser en météorologie pour étudier les modèles climatiques.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɛp(ə)rəbəl/

inseparable

inséparable
Meaning
Unable to be separated or always together.
Example
The two friends have been inseparable since childhood.
Les deux amis sont inséparables depuis l'enfance.
C1 noun /ɔːˈtɒkrəsi/

autocracy

autocratie
Meaning
A system of government in which one person has absolute power.
Example
The country suffered under decades of autocracy.
Le pays a souffert sous des décennies d'autocratie.
C1 verb /ɛtʃ/

etch

graver
Meaning
to cut or carve a design onto a surface
Example
The artist etched her initials into the glass.
L'artiste a gravé ses initiales dans le verre.
C1 adjective /ˈstɒdʒi/

stodgy

lourd, vieilli
Meaning
Dull, uninspired, or old-fashioned; also heavy and hard to digest when referring to food.
Example
The lecture was so stodgy that many students struggled to stay awake.
La conférence était si lourde que de nombreux étudiants ont eu du mal à rester éveillés.
C1 verb /ˈpɒstʃʊleɪt/

postulate

postuler
Meaning
to suggest or assume that something is true as the basis for reasoning or discussion
Example
Scientists postulate that life exists on other planets.
Les scientifiques postulent que la vie existe sur d'autres planètes.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈspek.ʃən/

introspection

introspection
Meaning
The examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes; self-reflection.
Example
Through introspection, she gained insight into her emotions.
Grâce à l'introspection, elle a acquis une profonde compréhension de ses émotions.
C1 verb /ʃraʊd/

shroud

envelopper
Meaning
to cover or hide; to wrap in cloth
Example
The mountain peak was shrouded in mist.
Le sommet de la montagne était enveloppé de brume.
C1 noun /ˈspɛkjʊˌleɪtər/

speculator

spéculateur
Meaning
A person who forms theories without evidence, or invests in assets hoping for profit.
Example
The real estate speculator bought land hoping its value would rise.
Le spéculateur immobilier a acheté des terres en espérant que leur valeur augmenterait.
C1 verb /əˈdɔːrn/

adorn

orner
Meaning
to decorate or add beauty to something
Example
The hall was adorned with flowers for the wedding.
La salle a été ornée de fleurs pour le mariage.
C1 adjective /frəˈtɜːrnəl/

fraternal

fraternel
Meaning
Relating to brothers or brotherhood; friendly and supportive.
Example
The two nations maintain a fraternal relationship.
Les deux nations maintiennent une relation fraternelle.
C1 adjective /ˈbrɪslɪŋ/

bristling

hérissé; rempli d'énergie
Meaning
full of energy, anger, or excitement; showing bristles standing up
Example
He entered the room bristling with confidence.
Il entra dans la pièce tout en confiance.
C1 adjective /ˈsek.j ə.l ər/

Secular

laïque
Meaning
not connected with religious or spiritual matters; worldly
Example
The country maintains a secular government that separates religion from politics.
Le pays maintient un gouvernement laïque qui sépare la religion de la politique.
C1 noun /fɪˈdɛl.ɪ.ti/

fidelity

fidélité
Meaning
Faithfulness to a person, cause, or belief, demonstrated by continuing loyalty and support.
Example
A dog's fidelity to its owner is unmatched.
La fidélité d'un chien envers son maître est incomparable.
C1 adjective /ˌfʊl ˈbɒd.id/

full-bodied

à saveur intense
Meaning
Having a strong, rich, and robust quality, especially of wine, coffee, or voice.
Example
He prefers a full-bodied red wine with his dinner.
Il préfère un vin rouge à saveur intense avec son dîner.
C1 noun /ˈsɜːrmən/

sermon

sermon
Meaning
A religious discourse delivered by a preacher, often offering moral instruction or spiritual guidance.
Example
The pastor gave a moving sermon about compassion and forgiveness.
Le pasteur a donné un sermon émouvant sur la compassion et le pardon.
C1 noun /kənˈtɪnjuəm/

continuum

continuum
Meaning
A continuous sequence in which adjacent elements are not perceptibly different from each other, but the extremes are quite distinct.
Example
Life and death are often seen as part of the same continuum.
La vie et la mort sont souvent considérées comme faisant partie du même continuum.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈspiːdiənt/

expedient

commode
Meaning
suitable or convenient for achieving a particular end, sometimes at the expense of morality
Example
It was expedient to take the shortcut despite the risks.
Il était commode de prendre le raccourci malgré les risques.
C1 adjective /rɪˈzɪstɪv/

resistive

résistif
Meaning
tending to resist or oppose; in physics, relating to electrical resistance
Example
The material has resistive properties that slow down current flow.
Le matériau possède des propriétés résistives qui ralentissent le flux de courant.
C1 noun /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/

insignificance

insignifiance
Meaning
The quality of being unimportant or trivial.
Example
He felt a sense of insignificance in the vast universe.
Il ressentait un sentiment d'insignifiance dans l'immensité de l'univers.
C1 verb /ˌaʊtˈstrɪp/

outstrip

dépasser
Meaning
To go faster or do better than someone or something; to surpass.
Example
The company outstripped its competitors in sales last year.
L'entreprise a dépassé ses concurrents en ventes l'année dernière.
C1 noun /hʌl/

hull

coque de navire / enveloppe de graine
Meaning
The outer covering of a seed or fruit; also the main body of a ship.
Example
The sailors inspected the ship’s hull for any damage.
Les marins ont inspecté la coque du navire pour détecter d'éventuels dommages.
C1 noun ˈeʃ.ə.lɒn

echelon

niveau, rang, échelon
Meaning
A level or rank in an organization, a profession, or society.
Example
He climbed to the upper echelon of the corporate world.
Il a grimpé au sommet de l'échelon du monde des affaires.
C1 adjective /ˈbloʊtɪd/

bloated

gonflé
Meaning
swollen or puffed up, often unpleasantly
Example
After the big meal, he felt bloated and uncomfortable.
Après le grand repas, il se sentait gonflé et inconfortable.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːrθədɑːks/

orthodox

orthodoxe
Meaning
conforming to traditional beliefs or practices
Example
He comes from a very orthodox family.
Il vient d'une famille très orthodoxe.
C1 noun /ɑːˌtɪkjʊˈleɪʃən/

articulation

expression
Meaning
The action of putting into words an idea or feeling of a specified type.
Example
His articulation during the debate impressed everyone.
Son articulation lors du débat a impressionné tout le monde.
C1 noun /kuː/

coup

coup d'État
Meaning
a sudden, decisive action that brings about a change, especially in government
Example
The military staged a coup to overthrow the existing regime.
L'armée a organisé un coup d'État pour renverser le régime en place.
C1 adverb /ˈɪnwərdli/

inwardly

intérieurement
Meaning
In the mind or spirit; not outwardly visible.
Example
She smiled outwardly but inwardly she was worried.
Elle a souri extérieurement, mais intérieurement elle était inquiète.
C1 adjective /moʊˈmentəs/

Momentous

important
Meaning
of great importance or significance; having far-reaching consequences
Example
The signing of the peace treaty was a momentous occasion for both countries.
La signature du traité de paix a été un moment important pour les deux pays.
C1 adjective /ˈfrɔːdjʊlənt/

fraudulent

frauduleux
Meaning
Involving or using deceit, especially criminal deception.
Example
He was arrested for making fraudulent insurance claims.
Il a été arrêté pour avoir fait des demandes frauduleuses d'assurance.
C1 adjective /ˌaʊtˈspoʊkən/

Outspoken

franc
Meaning
frank; speaking directly
Example
She is known for being outspoken about social issues.
Elle est connue pour être franche sur les problèmes sociaux.
C1 noun /ˌdɪspɛnˈseɪʃən/

dispensation

dispense
Meaning
An exemption from a rule or usual requirement; a system of order, government, or control.
Example
The school granted him a special dispensation to skip the exam due to illness.
L'école lui a accordé une dispense spéciale pour ne pas passer l'examen en raison de sa maladie.
C1 verb /rɪˈdʒɛnəreɪt/

regenerate

régénérer
Meaning
to grow or produce again; to renew or restore
Example
The lizard can regenerate its lost tail.
Le lézard peut régénérer sa queue perdue.
C1 noun /brɒŋˈkaɪtɪs/

bronchitis

bronchite
Meaning
inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs
Example
The doctor diagnosed him with acute bronchitis.
Le médecin lui a diagnostiqué une bronchite aiguë.
C1 adjective /məˈnɒtənəs/

Monotonous

monotone; ennuyeux; répétitif
Meaning
lacking in variety; tediously unvarying; boring and repetitive
Example
The monotonous sound of the rain made everyone feel sleepy.
Le bruit monotone de la pluie a rendu tout le monde somnolent.
C1 noun /ˈvaɪ.pər/

Viper

vipère
Meaning
a venomous snake with large hinged fangs that typically has a thick body and gives birth to live young
Example
The viper coiled up when it sensed danger.
La vipère s'est enroulée lorsqu'elle a ressenti le danger.
C1 noun /ˌdɛtəˈneɪʃən/

detonation

détonation
Meaning
The act of exploding or causing something to explode.
Example
The sudden detonation shook the entire building.
La détonation soudaine a secoué tout le bâtiment.
C1 noun ˌfræɡ.mənˈteɪ.ʃən

fragmentation

fragmentation
Meaning
The process or state of breaking or being broken into fragments.
Example
Habitat fragmentation threatens many species.
La fragmentation de l'habitat menace de nombreuses espèces.
C1 adjective /rɪˈdʒɛn.ə.rə.tɪv/

regenerative

régénératif
Meaning
Able to restore or renew damaged environments, soil, or resources.
Example
Regenerative farming improves soil health and biodiversity.
L'agriculture régénérative améliore la santé du sol et la biodiversité.
C1 noun /ɪnˈtruː.ʒən/

intrusion

intrusion non autorisée
Meaning
Unauthorized entry into a system or place without permission
Example
The company detected an intrusion in its server.
L'entreprise a détecté une intrusion dans son serveur.
C1 verb /ˈnjuːtrəlaɪz/

neutralize

neutraliser
Meaning
to make something ineffective or harmless
Example
The medicine helped neutralize the poison in his system.
Le médicament a aidé à neutraliser le poison dans son système.
C1 adjective /ˈsɔːrdɪd/

sordid

sordide
Meaning
involving immoral or dishonorable actions; dirty or unpleasant
Example
The newspaper exposed the politician's sordid past.
Le journal a exposé le passé sordide du politicien.
C1 verb /flɔːnt/

flaunt

fanfaronner
Meaning
to show off something proudly, often to attract attention
Example
She likes to flaunt her new jewelry at parties.
Elle aime fanfaronner ses nouveaux bijoux lors des soirées.
C1 noun ˈdʒɛnɪsɪs

genesis

genèse, origine
Meaning
The origin or mode of formation of something.
Example
The genesis of the internet changed the world forever.
La genèse d'Internet a changé le monde à jamais.
C1 adjective ɪˌlektrəʊmæɡˈnetɪk

electromagnetic

électromagnétique
Meaning
Relating to both electricity and magnetism or their interaction.
Example
Electromagnetic forces repel protons.
Les forces électromagnétiques repoussent les protons.
C1 verb /ˈsaɪdˌstɛp/

sidestep

éviter
Meaning
To avoid something by stepping aside; to evade a problem or question indirectly.
Example
The politician tried to sidestep the difficult question.
Le politicien a essayé d'éviter la question difficile.
C1 adjective + noun kəˈmendəbəl ɪˈnɪʃətɪvz

commendable initiatives

initiatives louables
Meaning
Praiseworthy efforts or actions that deserve admiration and approval.
Example
The commendable initiatives aim to raise awareness.
Les initiatives louables visent à sensibiliser.
C1 verb /snʌb/

snub

mépriser
Meaning
to insult or ignore someone by treating them rudely
Example
He felt hurt when his invitation was snubbed.
Il s'est senti blessé lorsque son invitation a été méprisée.
C1 noun /ˈmuːdi.nəs/

moodiness

instabilité émotionnelle
Meaning
The state of being frequently subject to changes in mood, especially irritability or sadness.
Example
Her moodiness made it difficult to predict how she would react.
Son instabilité émotionnelle rendait difficile de prédire comment elle réagirait.
C1 adjective /ˈskænti/

Scanty

petit en taille ou en quantité; insuffisant; à peine suffisant
Meaning
small in size or amount; insufficient; barely adequate
Example
The refugee camp had scanty food supplies.
Le camp de réfugiés avait des provisions alimentaires insuffisantes.
C1 noun səˈlɪnɪti ɪnˈtruːʒən

salinity intrusion

intrusion de salinité
Meaning
The movement of salt water into freshwater areas, typically affecting coastal regions.
Example
Salinity intrusion affects coastal regions.
L'intrusion de salinité affecte les régions côtières.
C1 adjective /ˈɡrʌdʒɪŋ/

grudging

réticent
Meaning
Reluctant or unwilling; given or allowed only with hesitation.
Example
She gave him a grudging smile after the argument.
Elle lui donna un sourire réticent après la dispute.
C1 noun /mjuːˈteɪʃn/

mutation

mutation, changement génétique
Meaning
A change in form, structure, or nature, especially in genetics.
Example
Scientists discovered a genetic mutation that caused the disorder.
Les scientifiques ont découvert une mutation génétique qui a causé le trouble.
C1 noun /ˈɑː.kɪ.taɪp/

archetype

archétype, modèle original
Meaning
A very typical example of a certain person or thing; an original model or prototype.
Example
This painting is the archetype of modern art.
Cette peinture est l'archétype de l'art moderne.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪ.bəlˈbɒd.id/

able-bodied

corporellement capable
Meaning
physically strong and healthy, not disabled
Example
The company is looking for able-bodied workers for the construction site.
L'entreprise recherche des travailleurs physiquement capables pour le chantier.
C1 adjective /ˌhoʊlˈhɑːrtɪd/

wholehearted

de tout cœur
Meaning
showing complete sincerity and commitment; fully enthusiastic
Example
She gave her wholehearted support to the project.
Elle a donné son soutien de tout cœur au projet.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɛsɪv/

recessive

récessif
Meaning
In genetics, relating to a trait that is expressed only when two copies of the gene are present.
Example
Blue eye color is often a recessive trait.
La couleur des yeux bleus est souvent un trait récessif.
C1 verb, noun /sæp/

sap

sève / épuiser
Meaning
As a noun: the vital fluid in plants; As a verb: to gradually weaken or drain strength.
Example
The long journey began to sap his energy.
Le long voyage a commencé à épuiser son énergie.
C1 noun /prəˈdʒɛktaɪl/

projectile

projectile
Meaning
An object fired, thrown, or propelled, especially from a weapon.
Example
The soldier dodged the incoming projectile.
Le soldat a esquivé le projectile entrant.
C1 verb/noun /stuːp/

stoop

bonheur
Meaning
To bend one's body forward and downward; also a small porch or staircase at the entrance of a house
Example
He had to stoop to pick up the coin.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi

sustainable technology

technologie durable
Meaning
Technology designed to meet present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs.
Example
Sustainable technology ensures a cleaner future.
La technologie durable assure un avenir plus propre.
C1 verb /ˈæn.ə.teɪt/

annotate

ajouter des notes ou des commentaires
Meaning
to add notes or comments to a text, diagram, or document for explanation or clarification
Example
The teacher asked the students to annotate the poem with their interpretations.
Le professeur a demandé aux élèves d'annoter le poème avec leurs interprétations.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæsɪv/

impassive

impassible
Meaning
Not showing or feeling emotion; expressionless.
Example
Despite the shocking news, she remained impassive.
Malgré les nouvelles choquantes, elle est restée impassible.
C1 verb /priːˈɛmpt/

pre-empt

prévenir à l'avance
Meaning
to act in advance to prevent an anticipated event from happening; forestall
Example
The government moved to pre-empt a crisis by introducing new policies.
Le gouvernement a agi pour prévenir une crise en introduisant de nouvelles politiques.
C1 noun ˌdep.əˈzɪʃ.ən

deposition

dépôt, action de déposer quelque chose
Meaning
The action of depositing something; the laying down of matter by a natural process.
Example
River deposition leads to the formation of new landmasses.
La déposition des rivières mène à la formation de nouvelles terres.
C1 noun /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsns/

convalescence

convalescence
Meaning
the period of time spent recovering from an illness or medical treatment
Example
His convalescence lasted for almost two months after the accident.
Sa convalescence a duré presque deux mois après l'accident.
C1 noun /ˌdiː.kɒmpəˈzɪʃən/

decomposition

décomposition
Meaning
the process of decaying or breaking down into simpler parts
Example
The decomposition of leaves enriches the soil.
La décomposition des feuilles enrichit le sol.
C1 adjective /ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/

makeshift

improvisé
Meaning
used as a temporary substitute; improvised
Example
They used boxes as a makeshift table.
Ils ont utilisé des boîtes comme une table improvisée.
C1 adjective /ˌjuːtɪlɪˈtɛəriən/

utilitarian

utilitaire
Meaning
Designed to be useful or practical rather than attractive; relating to the doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority.
Example
The building had a simple utilitarian design.
Le bâtiment avait une conception utilitaire simple.
C1 noun /ˈkɪləˌwɒt/

kilowatt

kilowatt
Meaning
a unit of power equal to 1,000 watts
Example
The generator produces ten kilowatts of electricity.
Le générateur produit dix kilowatts d'électricité.
C1 noun /ˈdɛspɒt/

despot

despote
Meaning
a ruler with absolute power, often ruling in a cruel or oppressive way
Example
The despot ruled the nation with fear and violence.
Le despote a dirigé la nation avec la peur et la violence.
C1 noun /ˌɡræt.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

gratification

satisfaction
Meaning
Pleasure, especially when gained from the satisfaction of a desire.
Example
The instant gratification of social media affects patience.
La gratification instantanée des médias sociaux affecte la patience.
C1 noun /oʊˈeɪ.sɪs/

Oasis

oasis
Meaning
a fertile spot in a desert where water is found; a pleasant refuge
Example
The travelers found an oasis after days in the desert.
Les voyageurs ont trouvé un oasis après plusieurs jours dans le désert.
C1 noun /ˌsɛnsɪtaɪˈzeɪʃən/

sensitization

sensibilisation
Meaning
The process of becoming sensitive to a substance, situation, or influence.
Example
The doctor warned about the sensitization caused by repeated exposure to chemicals.
Le médecin a averti de la sensibilisation causée par une exposition répétée aux produits chimiques.
C1 verb, noun /spraʊt/

sprout

germer
Meaning
to begin to grow; to produce new leaves or shoots
Example
The seeds began to sprout after a few days of rain.
Les graines ont commencé à germer après quelques jours de pluie.
C1 verb /ˈskʌt.əl/

scuttle

bonheur
Meaning
To run hurriedly with short, quick steps; or to deliberately sink a ship.
Example
The children scuttled back to their seats when the teacher entered.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur quand elle a reçu le prix.