Custody
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C1 noun /ˈkʌˈs.tə.di/

Custody

garde; détention; tutelle
Meaning
the protective care or guardianship of someone or something; imprisonment or detention
Example
After the divorce, they shared custody of their children equally.
Après le divorce, ils ont partagé la garde de leurs enfants également.
C1 noun /ˈklæmər/

clamor

tumulte
Meaning
a loud and confused noise, especially of people shouting insistently
Example
The clamor of the protesting crowd filled the square.
Le tumulte de la foule en colère a rempli la place.
C1 noun /kɔːr/

corps

branche de l'armée, groupe
Meaning
a branch of the military or a group organized for a specific purpose
Example
He joined the army corps after graduation.
Il a rejoint le corps de l'armée après sa diplomation.
C1 noun /kɑːɡ/

cog

dent de roue ou d'engrenage
Meaning
A tooth on the rim of a wheel or gear; metaphorically, a minor but necessary part of a larger system.
Example
He felt like just a small cog in a big machine.
Il se sentait comme un petit rouage dans une grande machine.
C1 adjective /kənˈspɪkjuəs/

conspicuous

conspicueux
Meaning
Easily noticeable; attracting attention due to being unusual or prominent.
Example
Her red dress made her conspicuous at the party.
Sa robe rouge la rendait conspicueuse à la fête.
C1 verb /ˈkæp.saɪz/

capsize

culbuter
Meaning
to overturn in the water
Example
The small fishing boat capsized during the storm.
Le petit bateau de pêche s'est renversé pendant la tempête.
C1 adjective /kənˈɡrɛʃənl/

congressional

congressional
Meaning
relating to a congress, especially the US Congress
Example
The bill received strong congressional support.
Le projet de loi a reçu un fort soutien du Congrès.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːrtrɪdʒ/

cartridge

cartouche
Meaning
A container holding a substance or device, such as ink for printers or bullets for firearms.
Example
The printer stopped working because the ink cartridge was empty.
L'imprimante a cessé de fonctionner car la cartouche d'encre était vide.
C1 noun/verb /ˈsaɪ.fər/

cipher

chiffre
Meaning
A secret or disguised way of writing; a code; to put a message into secret writing.
Example
Military messages are protected using a cipher.
Les messages militaires sont protégés par un chiffre.
C1 noun /kənˈtɪn.ju.əns/

continuance

continuité
Meaning
the state of continuing or being prolonged; persistence
Example
The continuance of the project depended on securing additional funding.
La continuité du projet dépendait de l'obtention de financements supplémentaires.
C1 noun ˈkætəlɪst

catalyst

catalyseur
Meaning
A person or thing that precipitates an event or change.
Example
His speech acted as a catalyst for change in the community.
Son discours a agi comme un catalyseur pour le changement dans la communauté.
C1 adjective ˈser.ɪ.brəl

cerebral

cérébral
Meaning
Of the cerebrum of the brain.
Example
Cerebral functions regulate thoughts.
Les fonctions cérébrales régulent les pensées.
C1 noun /kəˈres/

Caress

caresse
Meaning
a gentle or loving touch
Example
The mother's gentle caress calmed the crying baby.
La caresse douce de la mère calma le bébé qui pleurait.
C1 verb /kəmˈpjuːt/

compute

calculer
Meaning
To calculate or determine by using a computer or mathematical methods.
Example
The software can compute the total cost in seconds.
Le logiciel peut calculer le coût total en quelques secondes.
C1 noun/adjective /klɛft/

cleft

fissure
Meaning
a split or crack; a space or opening made by cleavage
Example
The goat disappeared into a cleft in the rocks.
La chèvre a disparu dans une fissure dans les rochers.
C1 adjective /kəmˈpleɪsənt/

complacent

complaisant
Meaning
showing self-satisfaction and a lack of concern about potential dangers or problems
Example
The team grew complacent after a few victories and stopped practicing hard.
L'équipe est devenue complaisante après quelques victoires et a arrêté de s'entraîner dur.
C1 noun /kənˈspɪrə.tər/

conspirator

conspirateur
Meaning
a person who secretly plans with others to do something unlawful or harmful
Example
The conspirator was arrested before the plan could be carried out.
Le conspirateur a été arrêté avant que le plan ne puisse être mis à exécution.
C1 noun /ˈkʌl.ən.dər/

Colander

passoire
Meaning
a bowl-shaped kitchen utensil with holes in it used for draining food such as pasta or rice
Example
She drained the pasta using a colander.
Elle a égoutté les pâtes avec une passoire.
C1 verb /ˈkɒŋɡrɪɡeɪt/

congregate

se rassembler, s'assembler
Meaning
to gather together in a group; to assemble
Example
People congregate in the town square every evening.
les gens se rassemblent sur la place du village chaque soir.
C1 adjective kəˈlɒs.əl

Colossal

colossal
Meaning
Extremely large, gigantic, enormous in size or extent.
Example
The colossal pyramids of Egypt are a marvel of architecture.
Les pyramides colossales d'Égypte sont un miracle de l'architecture.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːʃənˌɛri/

cautionary

préventif
Meaning
serving as a warning; intended to prevent problems or mistakes by giving advice or examples
Example
The report offers a cautionary message about unchecked spending.
Le rapport offre un message préventif sur les dépenses incontrôlées.
C1 noun kəˈmjuːnɪti ˈsɜːrvɪs aɪˈdiːəlz

community service ideals

idéaux du service communautaire
Meaning
Principles and standards of serving the community for social good.
Example
Community service ideals must be taught in schools.
Les idéaux du service communautaire doivent être enseignés à l'école.
C1 noun /ˌkɔːriˈɒɡrəfi/

choreography

chorégraphie
Meaning
The art of designing and arranging dances and movements.
Example
The choreography of the ballet was breathtaking.
La chorégraphie du ballet était époustouflante.
C1 verb /ˈkʌn.dʒər/

conjure

conjurer
Meaning
to summon something as if by magic; to imagine vividly
Example
The magician conjured a rabbit out of the hat.
Le magicien a conjuré un lapin du chapeau.
C1 noun /krʌtʃ/

crutch

béquille, soutien
Meaning
a support used by someone injured to walk; also something relied upon for support or help
Example
He had to use crutches after breaking his leg.
Il a dû utiliser des béquilles après s'être cassé la jambe.
C1 noun kəˈlæt.ər.əl

collateral

garantie, bien offert comme sécurité pour un prêt
Meaning
Something pledged as security for repayment of a loan, to be forfeited in the event of a default.
Example
The bank requires collateral for loan approval.
La banque exige une garantie pour l'approbation du prêt.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɪliətɔːri/

conciliatory

conciliatoire
Meaning
intended to make someone less angry or more agreeable; soothing
Example
She spoke in a conciliatory tone to ease the tension.
Elle a parlé d'un ton conciliant pour apaiser la tension.
C1 noun /kənˈkʌrəns/

concurrence

concurrence
Meaning
Agreement or union in action, opinion, or occurrence; simultaneous happening of events.
Example
The project was completed with the concurrence of all departments.
Le projet a été complété avec la concurrence de tous les départements.
C1 noun /ˈkɒlərə/

cholera

choléra
Meaning
An infectious disease of the small intestine causing severe vomiting and diarrhea.
Example
The village suffered an outbreak of cholera after the flood.
Le village a connu une épidémie de choléra après l'inondation.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒmprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

comprehensible

compréhensible
Meaning
able to be understood; intelligible
Example
The teacher explained the topic in a comprehensible way.
Le professeur a expliqué le sujet de manière compréhensible.
C1 adjective /ˈkjuːmjələtɪv/

cumulative

cumulatif
Meaning
Increasing gradually by addition; growing in quantity, force, or effect.
Example
The cumulative effect of stress can harm your health.
L'effet cumulatif du stress peut nuire à votre santé.
C1 adjective sɪˈlɛstʃəl

celestial

céleste
Meaning
Positioned in or relating to the sky, or outer space as observed in astronomy.
Example
The celestial bodies in the sky were clearly visible last night.
Les corps célestes dans le ciel étaient clairement visibles la nuit dernière.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈkɒn.sə.mət/

consummate

compléter ou perfectionner quelque chose avec une grande habileté
Meaning
To complete or perfect something with great skill
Example
He is a consummate artist with years of experience.
C'est un artiste consommé avec des années d'expérience.
C1 verb /kənˈkɒkt/

concoct

créer ou inventer
Meaning
to make something, especially food or a story, by mixing or inventing
Example
He concocted a story to explain his absence.
Il a inventé une histoire pour expliquer son absence.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.zəl/

causal

causal
Meaning
relating to or acting as a cause
Example
There is a causal link between smoking and cancer.
Il existe un lien causal entre le tabagisme et le cancer.
C1 noun /ˈklaɪəntɛl/

clientele

clientèle
Meaning
The clients or customers of a professional person or business.
Example
The salon's clientele includes many high-profile individuals.
La clientèle du salon comprend de nombreuses personnes de haut niveau.
C1 verb /kəˈmɛmɔˌreɪt/

commemorate

commémorer
Meaning
To honor and remember someone or something through a ceremony or action.
Example
The statue was built to commemorate the fallen heroes.
La statue a été construite pour commémorer les héros tombés.
C1 adjective /ˈkʌlpəbl̩/

culpable

coupable
Meaning
deserving blame or responsibility for a wrongdoing
Example
The judge found him culpable for the accident.
Le juge l'a jugé coupable de l'accident.
C1 noun /ˈkæzəm/

chasm

fissure / grande différence
Meaning
a deep fissure in the earth's surface or a wide difference between people or ideas
Example
There was a great chasm between the two political parties.
Il y avait une grande fissure entre les deux partis politiques.
C1 noun /krɛst/

crest

crête
Meaning
the top of a hill, wave, or mountain; a symbol of identity
Example
The hikers reached the crest of the mountain at sunrise.
Les randonneurs ont atteint le sommet de la montagne au lever du soleil.
C1 noun /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/

calligraphy

l'art de l'écriture décorative et élégante
Meaning
The art of beautiful and decorative handwriting.
Example
She took a course to improve her calligraphy skills.
Elle a suivi un cours pour améliorer ses compétences en calligraphie.
C1 noun /krʊk/

crook

escroc
Meaning
a dishonest person, especially a criminal
Example
The police finally caught the crook who had been stealing cars.
La police a finalement attrapé l'escroc qui volait des voitures.
C1 noun kɒɡˈnɪʃ.ən

cognition

cognition
Meaning
The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
Example
Cognition plays a key role in learning.
La cognition joue un rôle clé dans l'apprentissage.
C1 adjective /kənˈvɜːrdʒənt/

convergent

convergent
Meaning
tending to move toward a common point or result
Example
The two rivers have a convergent path before entering the lake.
Les deux rivières ont un chemin convergent avant d'entrer dans le lac.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkɔːrpərəl/

corporal

corporal
Meaning
relating to the body; a low-ranking officer in the military
Example
He suffered a corporal punishment for his mistake.
Il a subi une punition corporelle pour son erreur.
C1 noun /kənˈtʃɛrtoʊ/

concerto

composition musicale
Meaning
a musical composition for one or more solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra
Example
She played a Mozart concerto with the orchestra.
Elle a joué un concerto de Mozart avec l'orchestre.
C1 adjective,noun /kənˈtɪn.dʒənt/

contingent

dépendant / contingent
Meaning
dependent on something else; a group of people representing an organization
Example
Attendance is contingent on prior registration. / A contingent of students attended the conference.
La présence dépend de l'inscription préalable. / Un contingent d'étudiants a assisté à la conférence.
C1 noun /ˌkɑːr.diˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/

cardiologist

cardiologue
Meaning
A doctor specializing in diagnosing and treating heart diseases.
Example
She made an appointment with a cardiologist for her chest pain.
Elle a pris rendez-vous avec un cardiologue à cause de la douleur dans sa poitrine.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkeɪnaɪn/

canine

relatif aux chiens / dents canines
Meaning
Relating to dogs; also refers to the pointed teeth in humans and animals
Example
The police trained a canine unit for search operations.
La police a formé une unité canine pour les opérations de recherche.
C1 noun /kɒzˈmɒlədʒi/

cosmology

cosmologie
Meaning
the science of the origin and development of the universe
Example
She studied cosmology to understand the origins of the universe.
Elle a étudié la cosmologie pour comprendre les origines de l'univers.
C1 noun /kənˈfɛdərəsi/

confederacy

confédération
Meaning
a group of states, people, or organizations united for a common purpose
Example
The southern states formed a confederacy during the civil war.
Les états du sud ont formé une confédération pendant la guerre civile.
C1 noun, verb /kriːs/

crease

pli, ride
Meaning
a line or fold produced on paper, cloth, or other material; to make a fold or wrinkle
Example
She ironed the shirt carefully to remove every crease.
Elle a repassé la chemise soigneusement pour enlever chaque pli.
C1 noun /koʊˈɜː.ʃən/

coercion

coercition
Meaning
The practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats.
Example
Cybercriminals use coercion to extract information.
Les cybercriminels utilisent la coercition pour obtenir des informations.
C1 noun /tʃɪt/

Chit

billet, note
Meaning
a short note, typically a brief informal letter; a voucher for a sum owed
Example
She left a chit on the table asking him to call her back.
Elle a laissé un chit sur la table lui demandant de la rappeler.
C1 noun /ˈsɪn.ɪˌsɪz.əm/

cynicism

cynisme
Meaning
An inclination to believe that people are motivated purely by self-interest; skepticism.
Example
His cynicism made it hard for him to trust anyone.
Son cynisme lui rendait difficile de faire confiance à quiconque.
C1 verb ˌsɝː.kəmˈvent

circumvent

éviter habilement ou contourner des obstacles ou des règles
Meaning
To cleverly avoid or find a way around obstacles or rules.
Example
He tried to circumvent the security system.
Il a essayé de contourner le système de sécurité.
C1 noun /kənˈsiːt/

conceit

vanité
Meaning
excessive pride in oneself; vanity
Example
His conceit made him unpopular among his colleagues.
Sa vanité l'a rendu impopulaire parmi ses collègues.
C1 verb koʊˈɜrs

coerce

contraindre
Meaning
To force someone to do something against their will using threats or intimidation.
Example
The manager tried to coerce the employees into working overtime.
Le directeur a tenté de contraindre les employés à faire des heures supplémentaires.
C1 noun /ˈkrɛvɪs/

crevice

fissure
Meaning
a narrow crack or opening, especially in a rock or wall
Example
The lizard hid in a crevice between the stones.
Le lézard s'est caché dans une fissure entre les pierres.
C1 noun /ˈsɪtrɪk ˈæsɪd/

Citric Acid

acide citrique
Meaning
a natural acid found in citrus fruits, used as a food preservative and flavoring agent
Example
Add a pinch of citric acid to preserve the color of the fruit jam.
Ajoutez une pincée d'acide citrique pour préserver la couleur de la confiture de fruits.
C1 adjective /kəmˈplɪsɪt/

complicit

complice (dans un crime)
Meaning
involved with others in an illegal activity or wrongdoing
Example
He was found complicit in the crime.
Il a été trouvé complice dans le crime.
C1 noun /ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃən/

conflagration

grand incendie destructeur
Meaning
A large, destructive fire that destroys a great deal of land or property.
Example
The forest was devastated by a massive conflagration that lasted for days.
La forêt a été dévastée par un énorme incendie qui a duré plusieurs jours.
C1 noun /ˈkɒl.ə.bəʊn/

Collar-bone

clavicule
Meaning
either of the pair of bones joining the breastbone to the shoulder blades; clavicle
Example
He broke his collar-bone in the accident.
Il a cassé sa clavicule dans l'accident.
C1 noun /kəmˈpʌl.ʃən/

Compulsion

compulsion; contrainte;
Meaning
the action or state of forcing or being forced to do something; an irresistible urge to behave in a certain way
Example
He felt a strong compulsion to check his phone every few minutes.
Il ressentait une forte compulsion de vérifier son téléphone toutes les quelques minutes.
C1 noun kəmˈpleɪ.sən.si

complacency

complaisance
Meaning
Excessive self-satisfaction with one's achievements that can hinder progress.
Example
His complacency led to a decline in his performance.
Sa complaisance a conduit à une baisse de ses performances.
C1 noun /kəˈpɪl.ər.iz/

capillaries

capillaires
Meaning
Any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.
Example
Broken capillaries cause dark circles.
Les capillaires cassés causent des cernes.
C1 noun/verb /kroʊˈʃeɪ/

crochet

crochet
Meaning
Needlework made by interlocking loops of thread with a hooked needle; the act of making such items.
Example
She learned how to crochet a scarf for winter.
Elle a appris à faire un pull en laine pour l'hiver.
C1 noun /ˈkæv.əl.ri/

Cavalry

cavalerie
Meaning
soldiers who fight on horseback; the part of an army formerly composed of troops on horseback
Example
The cavalry charged across the field with great speed.
La cavalerie a chargé à travers le champ avec grande vitesse.
C1 noun kənˈfɔː.mə.ti

conformity

conformité, obéissance, conformité
Meaning
Compliance with standards, rules, or laws. Behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions.
Example
Strict conformity to the rules ensures order in society.
La conformité stricte aux règles garantit l'ordre dans la société.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnsjʊlət/

consulate

consulat
Meaning
the building or office where a consul works
Example
He went to the consulate to renew his visa.
Il est allé au consulat pour renouveler son visa.
C1 adjective /klaɪˈmæktɪk/

climactic

climactique
Meaning
Relating to the most exciting or important moment of something.
Example
The film ended with a climactic battle scene.
Le film s'est terminé par une scène de bataille climactique.
C1 noun /kənˈtɪnjuəm/

continuum

continuum
Meaning
A continuous sequence in which adjacent elements are not perceptibly different from each other, but the extremes are quite distinct.
Example
Life and death are often seen as part of the same continuum.
La vie et la mort sont souvent considérées comme faisant partie du même continuum.
C1 verb /kənˈdəʊn/

condone

condonner
Meaning
To accept or allow behavior that is morally wrong or offensive.
Example
The manager refused to condone harassment in the workplace.
Le responsable a refusé de condoner le harcèlement sur le lieu de travail.
C1 noun /ˈtʃʌk.əl/

Chuckle

rire discret
Meaning
a quiet or suppressed laugh; to laugh quietly or with amusement
Example
He gave a soft chuckle when he heard the funny joke.
Il a laissé échapper un léger rire lorsqu'il a entendu la blague drôle.
C1 verb /ˌkɒm.pɑːtˈmen.təl.aɪz/

compartmentalize

compartimenter
Meaning
To divide into sections or categories; to separate things into compartments.
Example
To increase efficiency, he compartmentalized his work tasks.
Pour augmenter l'efficacité, il a compartimenté ses tâches de travail.
C1 noun /ˈkʌvənənt/

covenant

contrat
Meaning
a formal agreement or promise, often legally binding
Example
The landlord and tenant signed a covenant to maintain the property.
Le propriétaire et le locataire ont signé un contrat pour maintenir la propriété.
C1 noun ˌsɛn.trə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

centralization

centralisation
Meaning
The concentration of control and decision-making power in a central authority.
Example
Excessive centralization can slow down decision-making.
Une centralisation excessive peut ralentir la prise de décision.
C1 adjective /ˈkoʊvərt/

covert

secret
Meaning
hidden, secret, or not openly acknowledged
Example
The spy conducted a covert operation behind enemy lines.
L'espion a mené une opération secrète derrière les lignes ennemies.
C1 noun /ˈʃæsi/

chassis

châssis du véhicule
Meaning
the base frame of a vehicle or other wheeled machine
Example
The mechanic examined the car's chassis for damage.
Le mécanicien a examiné le châssis de la voiture pour détecter des dommages.
C1 verb /kənˈspaɪər/

conspire

conspirer
Meaning
to secretly plan with others to do something harmful or illegal
Example
They conspired to overthrow the government.
Ils ont conspiré pour renverser le gouvernement.
C1 noun /ˈkrɒkəri/

crockery

vaisselle
Meaning
Dishes, plates, cups, and other items made of earthenware or china.
Example
The hotel provided clean crockery for the guests.
L'hôtel a fourni de la vaisselle propre pour les invités.
C1 noun /ˌkɒŋɡrɪˈɡeɪʃən/

congregation

congrégation
Meaning
a group of people assembled for religious worship or a common purpose
Example
The congregation gathered to hear the sermon.
La congrégation s'est réunie pour écouter le sermon.
C1 noun /ʃəˈreɪd/

charade

farce, jeu de mimes
Meaning
an absurd pretense or act intended to deceive; also a word-guessing game
Example
The trial was nothing more than a political charade.
Le procès n'était rien d'autre qu'une farce politique.
C1 adjective /kənˈtraɪvd/

contrived

artificiel ou forcé; pas naturel ni spontané
Meaning
artificial or forced; not natural or spontaneous
Example
The ending of the movie felt contrived and unrealistic.
La fin du film semblait artificielle et irréaliste.
C1 adjective /kənˈstreɪnd/

constrained

contraint, forcé
Meaning
appearing forced, unnatural, or restricted
Example
He gave a constrained smile during the awkward meeting.
Il a donné un sourire forcé pendant la réunion maladroite.
C1 adjective /ˈkæni/

canny

astucieux
Meaning
Having good judgment, especially in business or practical matters; shrewd.
Example
She made a canny investment in real estate.
Elle a fait un investissement astucieux dans l'immobilier.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːrkəs/

carcass

cadavre d'un animal
Meaning
the dead body of an animal, especially after being slaughtered
Example
Vultures fed on the carcass left in the field.
Les vautours se sont nourris du cadavre laissé dans le champ.
C1 noun /ˈkeɪ.sɪŋ/

Casing

revêtement; coque
Meaning
a cover or shell that protects or encloses something
Example
The mechanic removed the engine casing to examine the internal parts.
Le mécanicien a retiré la coque du moteur pour examiner les pièces internes.
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɔːri/

conservatory

serre / école de musique et d'art
Meaning
A greenhouse for growing plants or a school for music and the arts.
Example
They grew exotic plants in the conservatory.
Ils ont cultivé des plantes exotiques dans la serre.
C1 verb /krɪndʒ/

cringe

se recroqueviller
Meaning
To shrink back in fear, embarrassment, or discomfort.
Example
She cringed when she remembered her mistake.
Elle s'est recroquevillée lorsqu'elle se souvint de son erreur.
C1 noun, verb /klɒt/

clot

caillot
Meaning
a thick mass of coagulated liquid, especially blood; to form such a mass.
Example
The doctor removed a blood clot from the patient.
Le médecin a retiré un caillot de sang du patient.
C1 adjective, verb, noun /ˈkaʊntərfɪt/

counterfeit

contrefait
Meaning
made to look like something genuine in order to deceive
Example
The police seized a batch of counterfeit currency.
La police a saisi un lot de billets contrefaits.
C1 noun /ˈkæpɪˌlɛri/

capillary

capillaire
Meaning
a very thin blood vessel that connects arteries and veins
Example
Oxygen passes from the blood into tissues through capillaries.
L'oxygène passe du sang dans les tissus par les capillaires.
C1 adjective /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/

compulsive

compulsif
Meaning
Resulting from or acting on an irresistible urge, especially one that is against one's conscious wishes.
Example
He is a compulsive gambler who cannot stop placing bets.
C'est un joueur compulsif qui ne peut pas arrêter de parier.
C1 adjective /klæd/

clad

habillé / couvert
Meaning
dressed or covered in a particular way
Example
The knight was clad in shining armor.
Le chevalier était habillé d'une armure brillante.
C1 noun /ˈkɒb.lər/

Cobbler

cordonnier
Meaning
a person who repairs shoes and other leather goods
Example
The cobbler fixed my broken shoes perfectly.
Le cordonnier a réparé mes chaussures cassées parfaitement.
C1 noun /ˈkævərn/

cavern

caverne
Meaning
a large cave or chamber in a cave
Example
The explorers entered a dark cavern beneath the mountain.
Les explorateurs sont entrés dans une caverne sombre sous la montagne.
C1 verb /ˈkætəˌlaɪz/

catalyze

catalyser
Meaning
To cause or accelerate a reaction or change.
Example
The new law catalyzed reforms across the sector.
La nouvelle loi a catalysé des réformes dans tout le secteur.
C1 noun ˌkɒn.əˈteɪ.ʃən

connotation

signification implicite ou suggérée
Meaning
The implied or suggested meaning of a word beyond its literal definition
Example
The word 'home' has a warm connotation of comfort and family.
Le mot 'maison' a une connotation chaleureuse de confort et de famille
C1 adjective /ˈsiːs.ləs/

Ceaseless

incessant; continu
Meaning
continuing without pause or interruption; endless
Example
The ceaseless rain lasted for three days.
La pluie incessante a duré trois jours.
C1 verb /ˈkælɪˌbreɪt/

calibrate

calibrer
Meaning
To adjust or mark something so it can be used accurately; to standardize.
Example
The technician calibrated the machine before starting the experiment.
Le technicien a calibré la machine avant de commencer l'expérience.
C1 noun /kəˈnʌn.drəm/

conundrum

problème complexe ou énigme
Meaning
A complex problem or puzzle without an easy solution
Example
The ethical conundrum puzzled the researchers.
Le dilemme éthique a perturbé les chercheurs.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒz.mɪk/

cosmic

cosmique, vaste
Meaning
relating to the universe or cosmos; vast
Example
Astronomers study cosmic phenomena to understand the universe.
Les astronomes étudient les phénomènes cosmiques pour comprendre l'univers.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.əˈsɜːr/

connoisseur

connaisseur
Meaning
an expert judge in matters of taste, especially in food, art, or wine
Example
She is a true connoisseur of fine art.
Elle est une véritable connaisseuse de l'art.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɛntrɪk/

concentric

concentrique
Meaning
having a common center, as in circles or spheres
Example
The artist drew concentric circles on the canvas.
L'artiste a dessiné des cercles concentriques sur la toile.
C1 noun /ˈsɪ.nɪk/

Cynic

cynique; personne sceptique
Meaning
a person who believes that people are motivated purely by self-interest; someone who is skeptical about human nature
Example
The old cynic believed that politicians only cared about getting votes.
Le vieux cynique croyait que les politiciens ne se souciaient que d'obtenir des voix.
C1 adjective /kənˈdʒiːniəl/

congenial

chaleureux
Meaning
pleasant and friendly because of having similar interests or qualities
Example
They found the café a congenial place to meet and talk.
Ils ont trouvé le café un endroit chaleureux pour se rencontrer et discuter.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɪn.ju.əl/

Continual

continu; ininterrompu;
Meaning
happening repeatedly over a long period of time; constant and uninterrupted
Example
The continual noise from the construction site was very annoying.
Le bruit continu du chantier de construction était très ennuyeux.
C1 adjective /koʊˈɜːrsɪv/

coercive

coercitif
Meaning
Relating to or using force or threats to make someone do something.
Example
The government faced criticism for adopting coercive measures against protestors.
Le gouvernement a été critiqué pour avoir adopté des mesures coercitives contre les manifestants.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnstənsi/

constancy

constance
Meaning
the quality of being faithful and dependable
Example
Her constancy in friendship is admirable.
Sa constance en amitié est admirable.
C1 verb /kənˈfleɪt/

conflate

fusionner / combiner
Meaning
To combine two or more things, often confusingly, into one.
Example
The article tends to conflate facts with opinions.
L'article a tendance à fusionner les faits avec les opinions.
C1 noun /ˈkɒt.ən ˈfæb.rɪk/

Cotton Fabric

tissu de coton
Meaning
textile made from cotton fibers, known for being soft, breathable, and comfortable
Example
Cotton fabric is perfect for summer clothing.
Le tissu de coton est parfait pour les vêtements d'été.
C1 verb /kɑːrp/

carp

se plaindre
Meaning
to complain or find fault continually, often about trivial matters
Example
She tends to carp about the smallest inconveniences.
Elle a tendance à se plaindre des plus petites contrariétés.
C1 adjective /ˈkɜːrsəri/

cursory

superficiel
Meaning
Hasty and therefore not thorough or detailed.
Example
He gave the report only a cursory glance before the meeting.
Il a jeté un coup d'œil superficiel au rapport avant la réunion.
C1 verb /ˌkɒntrəˈviːn/

contravene

contrevenir
Meaning
to go against or act in opposition to a law, rule, or agreement
Example
He contravened the safety regulations and was fined.
Il a contrevenu aux règles de sécurité et a été amende.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnsɔːrt/

consort

partenaire, conjoint royal
Meaning
To associate with someone, typically with disapproval; also, a spouse of a reigning monarch.
Example
He was criticized for consorting with criminals.
Il a été critiqué pour avoir fréquenté des criminels.
C1 adjective /kəˈnɒnɪkəl/

canonical

canonique / accepté
Meaning
Conforming to a general rule or accepted standard; officially recognized.
Example
Shakespeare’s works are considered canonical in English literature.
Les œuvres de Shakespeare sont considérées comme canoniques dans la littérature anglaise.
C1 verb /kriːk/

creak

faire un bruit aigu et grincant
Meaning
to make a high-pitched, squeaking noise when moved
Example
The old door creaked as she opened it.
La vieille porte a craqué quand elle l'a ouverte.
C1 adjective + noun kəˈmendəbəl ɪˈnɪʃətɪvz

commendable initiatives

initiatives louables
Meaning
Praiseworthy efforts or actions that deserve admiration and approval.
Example
The commendable initiatives aim to raise awareness.
Les initiatives louables visent à sensibiliser.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnfɪdænt/

confidant

confident
Meaning
A person with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting them not to repeat it.
Example
She found a true confidant in her childhood friend.
Elle a trouvé un vrai confident dans son ami d'enfance.
C1 noun /ˌklɔːstrəˈfəʊbiə/

claustrophobia

claustrophobie
Meaning
an extreme or irrational fear of being in confined spaces
Example
He avoids elevators because of his claustrophobia.
Il évite les ascenseurs à cause de sa claustrophobie.