cursive
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C1 adjective/noun /ˈkɜːrsɪv/

cursive

écriture cursive
Meaning
Written with characters joined together in a flowing manner.
Example
The teacher asked students to write the essay in cursive handwriting.
Le professeur a demandé aux élèves d'écrire l'essai en écriture cursive.
C1 verb /ˈkriːmeɪt/

cremate

incinérer
Meaning
to burn a dead body to ashes as a funeral rite
Example
According to his wishes, they cremated his body after the funeral.
Selon ses volontés, ils ont incinéré son corps après les funérailles.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːmənˌwɛlθ/

commonwealth

Commonwealth
Meaning
an independent community or state, especially one founded for the common good; also an association of nations
Example
Australia is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
L’Australie est membre du Commonwealth des Nations.
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɔːri/

conservatory

serre / école de musique et d'art
Meaning
A greenhouse for growing plants or a school for music and the arts.
Example
They grew exotic plants in the conservatory.
Ils ont cultivé des plantes exotiques dans la serre.
C1 noun /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfi/

cartography

cartographie
Meaning
The science or practice of drawing maps.
Example
She studied cartography at university to learn how to design maps.
Elle a étudié la cartographie à l'université pour apprendre à concevoir des cartes.
C1 adjective /koʊˈɜːrsɪv/

coercive

coercitif
Meaning
Relating to or using force or threats to make someone do something.
Example
The government faced criticism for adopting coercive measures against protestors.
Le gouvernement a été critiqué pour avoir adopté des mesures coercitives contre les manifestants.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊn.tə.nəns/

countenance

visage, expression; soutien
Meaning
a person's face or expression; support or approval
Example
Her cheerful countenance brightened the room.
Son visage joyeux a éclairé la pièce.
C1 noun /kənˈspɪrə.tər/

conspirator

conspirateur
Meaning
a person who secretly plans with others to do something unlawful or harmful
Example
The conspirator was arrested before the plan could be carried out.
Le conspirateur a été arrêté avant que le plan ne puisse être mis à exécution.
C1 noun sɪˈmɛntɪd ɡreɪv

cemented grave

tombe cimentée
Meaning
A grave that is constructed with cement for permanence.
Example
The cemented grave of the martyrs was seen near the river.
La tombe cimentée des martyrs a été vue près de la rivière.
C1 noun /ˈkæn.ɪ.bəl/

Cannibal

cannibale
Meaning
a person who eats the flesh of other human beings
Example
The explorer's journal described rumors of cannibals living on the remote island.
Le journal de l'explorateur décrivait des rumeurs de cannibales vivant sur une île éloignée.
C1 noun /sɛˈseɪʃən/

cessation

cessation
Meaning
The fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.
Example
There was a temporary cessation of hostilities.
Il y a eu une cessation temporaire des hostilités.
C1 noun /kɔːrs flaʊər/

Course flour

farine grossière
Meaning
coarsely ground flour with larger particles, typically used for baking bread
Example
She used course flour to make homemade bread with a rustic texture.
Elle a utilisé de la farine grossière pour faire du pain maison avec une texture rustique.
C1 noun/verb /ˈsaɪ.fər/

cipher

chiffre
Meaning
A secret or disguised way of writing; a code; to put a message into secret writing.
Example
Military messages are protected using a cipher.
Les messages militaires sont protégés par un chiffre.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈsɛntənəri/ or /sɛnˈtɛnəri/

centenary

centenaire
Meaning
The hundredth anniversary of a significant event; relating to a period of 100 years.
Example
The school celebrated its centenary with a grand event.
L'école a célébré son centenaire avec un grand événement.
C1 noun /ˈsɪtəˌdɛl/

citadel

citadelle
Meaning
A fortress protecting or dominating a city.
Example
The ancient citadel stood guard over the town for centuries.
L'ancienne citadelle a protégé la ville pendant des siècles.
C1 noun kənˈɡlɒm.ər.ət

conglomerate

conglomérat
Meaning
A large corporation formed by the merging of separate and diverse firms.
Example
The company grew into a multinational conglomerate.
L'entreprise est devenue un conglomérat multinational.
C1 noun /ˈkruːsɪbəl/

crucible

épreuve sévère, creuset
Meaning
a severe test or trial; a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures
Example
The team emerged stronger from the crucible of competition.
L'équipe est sortie plus forte de l'épreuve de la compétition.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪtən/

cosmopolitan

cosmopolite
Meaning
familiar with and at ease in many different countries and cultures
Example
He has a cosmopolitan outlook due to his extensive travels.
Il a une perspective cosmopolite grâce à ses nombreux voyages.
C1 adjective /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/

compulsive

compulsif
Meaning
Resulting from or acting on an irresistible urge, especially one that is against one's conscious wishes.
Example
He is a compulsive gambler who cannot stop placing bets.
C'est un joueur compulsif qui ne peut pas arrêter de parier.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnfɪskeɪt/

confiscate

confisquer
Meaning
to take something away officially, often as a punishment
Example
The teacher confiscated the student's phone during class.
Le professeur a confisqué le téléphone de l'élève pendant le cours.
C1 noun /krʌtʃ/

crutch

béquille, soutien
Meaning
a support used by someone injured to walk; also something relied upon for support or help
Example
He had to use crutches after breaking his leg.
Il a dû utiliser des béquilles après s'être cassé la jambe.
C1 noun /ˈkrɒkəri/

crockery

vaisselle
Meaning
Dishes, plates, cups, and other items made of earthenware or china.
Example
The hotel provided clean crockery for the guests.
L'hôtel a fourni de la vaisselle propre pour les invités.
C1 verb /ˈkɒŋɡrɪɡeɪt/

congregate

se rassembler, s'assembler
Meaning
to gather together in a group; to assemble
Example
People congregate in the town square every evening.
les gens se rassemblent sur la place du village chaque soir.
C1 noun/verb /ˈkætəpʌlt/

catapult

catapulte
Meaning
A device for launching objects at high speed; to hurl or launch something suddenly.
Example
The invention catapulted him to international fame.
L'invention l'a catapulté à la célébrité internationale.
C1 verb /kənˈtɛkstʃuəlaɪz/

contextualize

contextualiser
Meaning
to place something in a context or interpret it in relation to its surroundings
Example
The teacher contextualized the historical event to make it more relevant for students.
Le professeur a contextualisé l'événement historique pour le rendre plus pertinent pour les étudiants.
C1 verb /ˈkaʊər/

cower

se recroqueviller de peur
Meaning
to crouch down in fear
Example
The child cowered behind the sofa during the thunderstorm.
L'enfant se coucha derrière le canapé pendant l'orage.
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɛk.ərd/

checkered

à carreaux
Meaning
Having a pattern of alternating squares of different colors; also describing a past full of ups and downs or varied experiences.
Example
He had a checkered career with many highs and lows.
Il a eu une carrière à carreaux avec de nombreux hauts et bas.
C1 noun /kəmˈplɪsəti/

complicity

complicité
Meaning
the state of being involved with others in an illegal activity or wrongdoing
Example
The court revealed his complicity in the fraud scheme.
Le tribunal a révélé sa complicité dans le plan de fraude.
C1 noun /ˈkɒz.moʊs/

Cosmos

fleur cosmos
Meaning
a colorful annual flower with daisy-like blooms and feathery foliage
Example
The cosmos flowers swayed gently in the summer breeze across the meadow.
Les fleurs de cosmos se balançaient doucement dans la brise d'été à travers le pré.
C1 noun /ˈkroʊniˌɪzəm/

cronyism

népotisme
Meaning
The practice of favoring friends or associates, especially in political appointments or business deals.
Example
The company was accused of cronyism in hiring practices.
L'entreprise a été accusée de népotisme dans ses pratiques de recrutement.
C1 noun /klæn/

clan

clan
Meaning
a large family group or a close-knit community with shared interests or ancestry
Example
The entire clan gathered to celebrate the festival.
Le clan entier s'est réuni pour célébrer le festival.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæs.tɪ.ti/

Chastity

chasteté; virginité; modération;
Meaning
the practice of refraining from extramarital or premarital sexual relations; sexual purity
Example
Many religious traditions value chastity as a virtue of moral purity.
De nombreuses traditions religieuses valorisent la chasteté comme une vertu de pureté morale.
C1 adjective ˈser.ɪ.brəl

cerebral

cérébral
Meaning
Of the cerebrum of the brain.
Example
Cerebral functions regulate thoughts.
Les fonctions cérébrales régulent les pensées.
C1 noun /krʌst/

crust

croûte
Meaning
the hard outer surface of something, especially bread or the Earth's outer layer
Example
He cut off the crust of the bread before eating.
Il a coupé la croûte du pain avant de manger.
C1 noun /kəˈθɑːrsɪs/

catharsis

catharsis
Meaning
The process of releasing strong emotions, providing relief.
Example
Writing in her diary was a form of catharsis for her.
Écrire dans son journal était une forme de catharsis pour elle.
C1 noun /ˈkɑr.nɪdʒ/

Carnage

carnage
Meaning
the killing of a large number of people; widespread slaughter
Example
The battlefield was filled with carnage after the brutal war.
Le champ de bataille était rempli de carnage après la guerre brutale.
C1 noun /kənˈteɪdʒən/

contagion

contagion
Meaning
The communication of disease from one person to another by close contact; also the spread of harmful ideas or behaviors.
Example
Fear spread like a contagion through the crowd.
La peur s'est propagée comme une contagion à travers la foule.
C1 noun /kɑst/

Caste

caste; système de castes
Meaning
a social class system; a hereditary class of Hindu society
Example
The ancient caste system divided society into different social groups.
Le système ancien des castes a divisé la société en différents groupes sociaux.
C1 noun /kəʊˈhiːʒən/

cohesion

cohésion
Meaning
The action or fact of forming a united whole.
Example
The team showed excellent cohesion throughout the project.
L'équipe a montré une excellente cohésion tout au long du projet.
C1 noun kəˈlɛktɪvɪzəm

collectivism

collectivisme
Meaning
The practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it.
Example
Collectivism emphasizes the importance of group over individual interests.
Le collectivisme souligne l'importance du groupe par rapport aux intérêts individuels.
C1 verb /kraʊtʃ/

crouch

s'accroupir
Meaning
to bend your knees and lower your body close to the ground
Example
The cat crouched before leaping at its prey.
Le chat s'est accroupi avant de sauter sur sa proie.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.stɪk/

caustic

caustique, acerbe
Meaning
able to burn or corrode by chemical action; severely sarcastic
Example
Her caustic remarks hurt his feelings.
Ses remarques caustiques ont blessé ses sentiments.
C1 adjective /kənˈspɪkjuəs/

conspicuous

conspicueux
Meaning
Easily noticeable; attracting attention due to being unusual or prominent.
Example
Her red dress made her conspicuous at the party.
Sa robe rouge la rendait conspicueuse à la fête.
C1 noun /ˈkleɪmənt/

claimant

demandeur
Meaning
a person who makes a claim, especially in a legal or financial context
Example
The claimant filed for compensation after the accident.
Le demandeur a déposé une demande de compensation après l'accident.
C1 noun /krɛst/

crest

crête
Meaning
the top of a hill, wave, or mountain; a symbol of identity
Example
The hikers reached the crest of the mountain at sunrise.
Les randonneurs ont atteint le sommet de la montagne au lever du soleil.
C1 noun /ˌkɒk.əˈtuː/

Cockatoo

cacato
Meaning
a large parrot with a prominent crest that can be raised or lowered
Example
The white cockatoo raised its beautiful crest.
Le cacato blanc a levé sa belle crête.
C1 verb ˌkəʊ.əˈles

coalesce

fusionner
Meaning
Come together and form one mass or whole; unite to form one organization or group.
Example
The different theories coalesced into one unified idea.
Les différentes théories se sont fusionnées en une idée unifiée.
C1 adjective ˈkrɪp.tɪk

cryptic

cryptique, énigmatique, obscure
Meaning
Having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure; difficult to understand.
Example
The message was cryptic and hard to decipher.
Le message était cryptique et difficile à déchiffrer.
C1 adjective /ˈkæl.əs/

Callous

insensible; cruel; impitoyable
Meaning
showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others; emotionally hardened
Example
He showed a callous disregard for others' feelings.
Il a montré un mépris insensible pour les sentiments des autres.
C1 adjective /klæd/

clad

habillé / couvert
Meaning
dressed or covered in a particular way
Example
The knight was clad in shining armor.
Le chevalier était habillé d'une armure brillante.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːʃənˌɛri/

cautionary

préventif
Meaning
serving as a warning; intended to prevent problems or mistakes by giving advice or examples
Example
The report offers a cautionary message about unchecked spending.
Le rapport offre un message préventif sur les dépenses incontrôlées.
C1 verb, noun /klɑːɡ/

clog

boucher / sabot en bois
Meaning
to block or become blocked; a type of heavy wooden shoe
Example
The sink was clogged with food waste.
L'évier était bouché avec des déchets alimentaires.
C1 noun /ˈkrɛvɪs/

crevice

fissure
Meaning
a narrow crack or opening, especially in a rock or wall
Example
The lizard hid in a crevice between the stones.
Le lézard s'est caché dans une fissure entre les pierres.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.zəl/

causal

causal
Meaning
relating to or acting as a cause
Example
There is a causal link between smoking and cancer.
Il existe un lien causal entre le tabagisme et le cancer.
C1 noun /ˈkriː.dəns/

credence

crédibilité, foi
Meaning
belief in or acceptance of something as true
Example
The witness gave credence to the defendant's alibi.
Le témoin a accordé du crédit à l'alibi de l'accusé.
C1 adjective kənˈkɝː.ənt

concurrent

concurrent, simultané, qui se produit en même temps
Meaning
Existing, happening, or done at the same time.
Example
The conference had concurrent sessions on various topics.
La conférence avait des sessions concurrentes sur divers sujets.
C1 adjective /koʊˈɪnsɪdənt/

coincident

coïncident
Meaning
Occurring at the same time; occupying the same position in space or time.
Example
The festival was coincident with the national holiday.
Le festival était coïncident avec le jour férié national.
C1 verb /kənˈvɜːrdʒ/

converge

converger
Meaning
to come together from different directions; to meet at a point
Example
The roads converge at the city center.
Les routes convergent au centre-ville.
C1 adjective ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs

conscientious

consciencieux
Meaning
Wishing to do what is right, especially to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly.
Example
A conscientious worker always delivers high-quality results.
Un travailleur consciencieux livre toujours des résultats de haute qualité.
C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈbæləns/

counterbalance

contrebalancer
Meaning
to offset or balance the effect of something
Example
Exercise can counterbalance the negative effects of stress.
L'exercice peut contrebalancer les effets négatifs du stress.
C1 noun /ˈsɛtərə/

cetera

etc.
Meaning
Latin for 'the rest' or 'others'; commonly used in the phrase 'et cetera' meaning 'and so on'.
Example
We need to buy pens, paper, notebooks, et cetera.
Nous devons acheter des stylos, du papier, des carnets, etc.
C1 adjective /ˈkælkjʊleɪtɪŋ/

calculating

calculateur
Meaning
acting in a scheming and ruthlessly determined way
Example
He had a cold and calculating approach to business.
Il avait une approche froide et calculatrice des affaires.
C1 noun /ˈkæzəm/

chasm

fissure / grande différence
Meaning
a deep fissure in the earth's surface or a wide difference between people or ideas
Example
There was a great chasm between the two political parties.
Il y avait une grande fissure entre les deux partis politiques.
C1 adjective /ˈkoʊpiəs/

copious

copieux
Meaning
abundant in supply or quantity
Example
She took copious notes during the lecture.
Elle a pris des notes copieuses pendant la conférence.
C1 noun ˌkʌl.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən

culmination

aboutissement. Le point culminant ou le plus élevé de quelque chose, généralement atteint après beaucoup de temps.
Meaning
The highest or climactic point of something, especially as attained after a long time.
Example
The project reached its culmination after years of effort.
Le projet a atteint son aboutissement après des années d'efforts.
C1 noun /koʊˈɜː.ʃən/

coercion

coercition
Meaning
The practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats.
Example
Cybercriminals use coercion to extract information.
Les cybercriminels utilisent la coercition pour obtenir des informations.
C1 verb /ˈkrʌmpəl/

crumple

froisser
Meaning
to crush something into folds or wrinkles
Example
He crumpled the paper and threw it in the bin.
Il a froissé le papier et l'a jeté dans la poubelle.
C1 verb /kənˈviːn/

convene

se réunir, convoquer une réunion ou un rassemblement
Meaning
to come together or assemble, especially for a meeting or formal gathering
Example
The board will convene tomorrow to discuss the new policy.
Le conseil se réunira demain pour discuter de la nouvelle politique.
C1 verb /ˈklæmbər/

clamber

grimper avec effort
Meaning
to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet
Example
The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.
Les enfants ont grimpé sur les rochers pour atteindre la grotte.
C1 noun ˈkɔː.pəs

corpus

une grande collection de données linguistiques utilisées pour l'analyse du langage
Meaning
A large collection of linguistic data used for language analysis and research.
Example
Linguists use a corpus to analyze language patterns.
Les linguistes utilisent un corpus pour analyser les modèles linguistiques.
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɪzəm/

conservatism

conservatisme
Meaning
A political or social philosophy promoting traditional institutions and resistance to change.
Example
Conservatism values tradition and gradual development.
Le conservatisme valorise la tradition et le développement progressif.
C1 noun kənˈsɔː.ti.əm

consortium

consortium
Meaning
An association of several companies or organizations formed to undertake an enterprise beyond the resources of any one member.
Example
The consortium worked collaboratively to build the cable.
Le consortium a travaillé de manière collaborative pour construire le câble.
C1 noun /ˈkʌvənənt/

covenant

contrat
Meaning
a formal agreement or promise, often legally binding
Example
The landlord and tenant signed a covenant to maintain the property.
Le propriétaire et le locataire ont signé un contrat pour maintenir la propriété.
C1 noun /kənˈtʃɛrtoʊ/

concerto

composition musicale
Meaning
a musical composition for one or more solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra
Example
She played a Mozart concerto with the orchestra.
Elle a joué un concerto de Mozart avec l'orchestre.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndɪmənts/

condiments

condiments ou sauces
Meaning
Seasonings or sauces used to add flavor to food.
Example
Ketchup and mustard are popular condiments for burgers.
Le ketchup et la moutarde sont des condiments populaires pour les hamburgers.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɛmptəbl/

contemptible

méprisable, détestable
Meaning
deserving of contempt; despicable
Example
His deceitful actions were truly contemptible.
Ses actions trompeuses étaient véritablement méprisables.
C1 noun /ˈkliː.vər/

Cleaver

grand couteau
Meaning
a heavy knife with a broad blade used for chopping meat or vegetables
Example
The chef used a cleaver to chop the chicken bones.
Le chef a utilisé un grand couteau pour couper les os de poulet.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːl.drən/

Cauldron

chaudron
Meaning
a large metal pot with a lid and handle, used for cooking over a fire
Example
The witch stirred her potion in a large cauldron.
La sorcière remuait sa potion dans un grand chaudron.
C1 noun ˌkæl.ɪˈbreɪ.ʃən

calibration

calibration
Meaning
The action or process of adjusting or determining the accuracy of measuring instruments.
Example
The accuracy of a scale depends on regular calibration.
La précision d'une balance dépend d'une calibration régulière.
C1 noun /ˈkæviˌæt/

caveat

avertissement
Meaning
a warning or condition to be considered before taking action
Example
The proposal was accepted with one caveat.
La proposition a été acceptée avec un avertissement.
C1 noun /ˌkɒŋɡrɪˈɡeɪʃən/

congregation

congrégation
Meaning
a group of people assembled for religious worship or a common purpose
Example
The congregation gathered to hear the sermon.
La congrégation s'est réunie pour écouter le sermon.
C1 noun /krəˈnɒlədʒi/

chronology

chronologie
Meaning
The arrangement of events or dates in the order of their occurrence.
Example
The chronology of the dynasty was carefully studied by historians.
La chronologie de la dynastie a été soigneusement étudiée par les historiens.
C1 noun /krʊk/

crook

escroc
Meaning
a dishonest person, especially a criminal
Example
The police finally caught the crook who had been stealing cars.
La police a finalement attrapé l'escroc qui volait des voitures.
C1 noun ˈkætəlɪst

catalyst

catalyseur
Meaning
A person or thing that precipitates an event or change.
Example
His speech acted as a catalyst for change in the community.
Son discours a agi comme un catalyseur pour le changement dans la communauté.
C1 noun /kənˈtɛndər/

contender

concurren, prétendant
Meaning
a person or team competing for a title or prize
Example
She is a strong contender for the mayoral position.
Elle est une forte prétendante pour le poste de maire.
C1 adjective /klaɪˈmæktɪk/

climactic

climactique
Meaning
Relating to the most exciting or important moment of something.
Example
The film ended with a climactic battle scene.
Le film s'est terminé par une scène de bataille climactique.
C1 adjective kənˈten.ʃəs

contentious

controversé
Meaning
Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.
Example
The contentious issue divided global leaders.
La question controversée a divisé les dirigeants mondiaux.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/

constellation

constellation
Meaning
a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern in the night sky
Example
Orion is one of the most famous constellations.
Orion est l'une des constellations les plus célèbres.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkɔːrpərəl/

corporal

corporal
Meaning
relating to the body; a low-ranking officer in the military
Example
He suffered a corporal punishment for his mistake.
Il a subi une punition corporelle pour son erreur.
C1 noun /krəˈʃɛndoʊ/

crescendo

augmentation progressive du volume
Meaning
a gradual increase in loudness or intensity, especially in music
Example
The orchestra built to a powerful crescendo before the finale.
L'orchestre a construit un puissant crescendo avant la fin.
C1 noun kənˈvɜː.dʒəns

convergence

convergence
Meaning
The process of coming together from different directions to meet at a common point; unification or integration.
Example
The convergence of technologies is revolutionizing industries.
La convergence des technologies révolutionne les industries.
C1 verb /siːd/

cede

ceder
Meaning
to give up power, territory, or rights to another
Example
The country ceded territory after losing the war.
Le pays a cédé du territoire après avoir perdu la guerre.
C1 adjective /kəˈmɛmərətɪv/

commemorative

commémoratif
Meaning
Serving as a reminder or in honor of a person or event.
Example
They issued a commemorative coin for the independence anniversary.
Ils ont émis une pièce commémorative pour l'anniversaire de l'indépendance.
C1 noun /ˈkɒrənər/

coroner

médecin légiste
Meaning
an official who investigates sudden, violent, or suspicious deaths
Example
The coroner determined the cause of death was natural.
Le médecin légiste a déterminé que la cause de la mort était naturelle.
C1 noun /ˈkæv.əl.ri/

Cavalry

cavalerie
Meaning
soldiers who fight on horseback; the part of an army formerly composed of troops on horseback
Example
The cavalry charged across the field with great speed.
La cavalerie a chargé à travers le champ avec grande vitesse.
C1 noun /ʃəˈreɪd/

charade

farce, jeu de mimes
Meaning
an absurd pretense or act intended to deceive; also a word-guessing game
Example
The trial was nothing more than a political charade.
Le procès n'était rien d'autre qu'une farce politique.
C1 verb /kənˈsɛptʃuəlaɪz/

conceptualize

conceptualiser
Meaning
to form an idea or concept of something in your mind
Example
The artist conceptualized a new design for the exhibition.
L'artiste a conceptualisé un nouveau design pour l'exposition.
C1 verb /tʃaɪd/

chide

gronder
Meaning
to scold or rebuke; to express disapproval
Example
The teacher chided the student for being late.
Le professeur gronda l'élève pour son retard.
C1 noun /ˈkɒt.ən ˈfæb.rɪk/

Cotton Fabric

tissu de coton
Meaning
textile made from cotton fibers, known for being soft, breathable, and comfortable
Example
Cotton fabric is perfect for summer clothing.
Le tissu de coton est parfait pour les vêtements d'été.
C1 noun /ˈkɜːrfjuː/

curfew

couvre-feu
Meaning
a rule requiring people to stay indoors after a certain time, usually at night
Example
The city imposed a curfew during the unrest.
La ville a imposé un couvre-feu pendant les troubles.
C1 noun, verb /klɒt/

clot

caillot
Meaning
a thick mass of coagulated liquid, especially blood; to form such a mass.
Example
The doctor removed a blood clot from the patient.
Le médecin a retiré un caillot de sang du patient.
C1 noun /krʌˈsteɪʃən/

crustacean

animal aquatique à coquille dure
Meaning
an aquatic animal with a hard shell, such as crabs, lobsters, and shrimps
Example
Crabs and lobsters are well-known crustaceans.
Les crabes et les homards sont des crustacés bien connus.
C1 noun /kəˈluːʒən/

collusion

collusion
Meaning
A secret agreement or cooperation, especially for an illegal or dishonest purpose.
Example
There was evidence of collusion between the officials and the contractors.
Il y avait des preuves de collusion entre les fonctionnaires et les entrepreneurs.
C1 noun /kəˈres/

Caress

caresse
Meaning
a gentle or loving touch
Example
The mother's gentle caress calmed the crying baby.
La caresse douce de la mère calma le bébé qui pleurait.
C1 noun /kriːd/

creed

crédo, principe
Meaning
A system of religious or spiritual beliefs or a guiding principle.
Example
Freedom of speech is part of his personal creed.
La liberté d'expression fait partie de son crédo personnel.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.təmˈpleɪ.ʃən/

contemplation

réflexion profonde
Meaning
The action of looking thoughtfully at something for a long time; deep reflective thought.
Example
She sat in contemplation before making her decision.
Elle s'assit en profonde réflexion avant de prendre sa décision.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnstənsi/

constancy

constance
Meaning
the quality of being faithful and dependable
Example
Her constancy in friendship is admirable.
Sa constance en amitié est admirable.
C1 noun koʊˈhisɪv ˈjunɪts

cohesive units

unités cohésives
Meaning
Groups or organizations that work together as unified wholes, with members closely bound together.
Example
Early humans formed cohesive units for survival.
Les premiers humains ont formé des unités cohésives pour survivre.
C1 verb koʊˈɜrs

coerce

contraindre
Meaning
To force someone to do something against their will using threats or intimidation.
Example
The manager tried to coerce the employees into working overtime.
Le directeur a tenté de contraindre les employés à faire des heures supplémentaires.
C1 noun /ˌkɒnstəˈneɪʃən/

consternation

consternation
Meaning
A feeling of anxiety, dismay, or confusion, often caused by something unexpected.
Example
The sudden announcement caused widespread consternation among the employees.
L'annonce soudaine a provoqué une consternation généralisée parmi les employés
C1 noun /kəˈpɪl.ər.iz/

capillaries

capillaires
Meaning
Any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.
Example
Broken capillaries cause dark circles.
Les capillaires cassés causent des cernes.
C1 noun /ˈsɛntɪˌliːtər/

centiliter

centilitre
Meaning
A metric unit of capacity equal to one hundredth of a liter.
Example
The recipe calls for 20 centiliters of milk.
La recette demande vingt centilitres de lait.
C1 noun /kæsˈkeɪd/

Cascade

cascade; une succession d'étapes ou d'opérations
Meaning
a waterfall; a succession of stages or operations
Example
The mountain cascade created a beautiful natural swimming pool below.
La cascade de la montagne a créé une belle piscine naturelle en dessous.
C1 noun /kəˈloʊkwiəˌlɪzəm/

colloquialism

colloquialisme
Meaning
a word or phrase used in informal speech or writing
Example
The novel is full of regional colloquialisms.
Le roman est plein de colloquialismes régionaux.
C1 verb /tʃɑːr/

char

brûler
Meaning
To burn or scorch something so that it becomes blackened.
Example
The cook accidentally charred the steak.
Le cuisinier a accidentellement brûlé le steak.
C1 noun /ˈtʃaɪ.nə.weər/

China-ware

vaisselle en porcelaine
Meaning
dishes, plates, cups, and other tableware made of porcelain or fine ceramic
Example
The expensive china-ware was displayed in the cabinet.
La vaisselle en porcelaine coûteuse a été exposée dans l'armoire.
C1 noun /ˈklɛmənsi/

clemency

clémence
Meaning
mercy, leniency, or forgiveness shown towards someone
Example
The judge showed clemency and reduced his sentence.
Le juge a montré de la clémence et a réduit sa peine.
C1 noun /ˈkæn.ə.pi/

canopy

la couche supérieure d'une forêt formée par les cimes des arbres; couverture supérieure
Meaning
The upper layer of a forest formed by the crowns of trees; overhead cover.
Example
The rainforest canopy provides shelter to many birds and insects.
La canopée de la forêt tropicale offre un abri à de nombreux oiseaux et insectes.
C1 verb /kənˈkɒkt/

concoct

créer ou inventer
Meaning
to make something, especially food or a story, by mixing or inventing
Example
He concocted a story to explain his absence.
Il a inventé une histoire pour expliquer son absence.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊhɔːrts/

cohorts

cohortes
Meaning
Groups of people who share a common feature or experience.
Example
Researchers compared the health outcomes of different cohorts.
Les chercheurs ont comparé les résultats de santé de différents groupes.
C1 adjective ˈkʌm.bə.səm

cumbersome

lourd, encombrant, difficile à manipuler
Meaning
Heavy, unwieldy, difficult to handle or carry.
Example
The cumbersome luggage slowed him down.
Les bagages encombrants l'ont ralenti.