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C1 noun kənˈsɔː.ti.əm

consortium

consortium
Meaning
An association of several companies or organizations formed to undertake an enterprise beyond the resources of any one member.
Example
The consortium worked collaboratively to build the cable.
Le consortium a travaillé de manière collaborative pour construire le câble.
C1 verb /ˌkɒndɪˈsɛnd/

condescend

regarder d'en haut avec gentillesse
Meaning
to behave as if one is superior while being gracious to others
Example
He would not condescend to answer such a trivial question.
Il ne se rabaisserait pas à répondre à une question aussi triviale.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːmənˌwɛlθ/

commonwealth

Commonwealth
Meaning
an independent community or state, especially one founded for the common good; also an association of nations
Example
Australia is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
L’Australie est membre du Commonwealth des Nations.
C1 noun /kəˈloʊkwiəˌlɪzəm/

colloquialism

colloquialisme
Meaning
a word or phrase used in informal speech or writing
Example
The novel is full of regional colloquialisms.
Le roman est plein de colloquialismes régionaux.
C1 verb /koʊˈhæbɪt/

cohabit

cohabiter
Meaning
To live together, often as partners without being married.
Example
They decided to cohabit before getting married.
Ils ont décidé de cohabiter avant de se marier.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndjuɪt/ or /ˈkɑːnduɪt/

conduit

conduit / moyen
Meaning
a channel or pipe for conveying water, electricity, or information
Example
The cable was placed inside a protective conduit.
Le câble a été placé dans un conduit protecteur.
C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈækt/

counteract

contrer
Meaning
to act against something in order to reduce its effect
Example
The medicine helps counteract the side effects of the treatment.
Le médicament aide à contrer les effets secondaires du traitement.
C1 noun /ˈkriː.dəns/

credence

crédibilité, foi
Meaning
belief in or acceptance of something as true
Example
The witness gave credence to the defendant's alibi.
Le témoin a accordé du crédit à l'alibi de l'accusé.
C1 adjective /ˈkjuːmjələtɪv/

cumulative

cumulatif
Meaning
Increasing gradually by addition; growing in quantity, force, or effect.
Example
The cumulative effect of stress can harm your health.
L'effet cumulatif du stress peut nuire à votre santé.
C1 noun /ˈkɒl.ə.bəʊn/

Collar-bone

clavicule
Meaning
either of the pair of bones joining the breastbone to the shoulder blades; clavicle
Example
He broke his collar-bone in the accident.
Il a cassé sa clavicule dans l'accident.
C1 adjective kəˈlɒs.əl

Colossal

colossal
Meaning
Extremely large, gigantic, enormous in size or extent.
Example
The colossal pyramids of Egypt are a marvel of architecture.
Les pyramides colossales d'Égypte sont un miracle de l'architecture.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊhɔːrts/

cohorts

cohortes
Meaning
Groups of people who share a common feature or experience.
Example
Researchers compared the health outcomes of different cohorts.
Les chercheurs ont comparé les résultats de santé de différents groupes.
C1 noun /krʌtʃ/

crutch

béquille, soutien
Meaning
a support used by someone injured to walk; also something relied upon for support or help
Example
He had to use crutches after breaking his leg.
Il a dû utiliser des béquilles après s'être cassé la jambe.
C1 noun /ˈkæviˌæt/

caveat

avertissement
Meaning
a warning or condition to be considered before taking action
Example
The proposal was accepted with one caveat.
La proposition a été acceptée avec un avertissement.
C1 adjective /ˌkætəˈɡɒrɪkəl/

categorical

catégorique
Meaning
Absolute and without exception; expressed clearly and directly.
Example
She gave a categorical denial of the allegations.
Elle a donné un déni catégorique des accusations.
C1 adjective /koʊˈɜːrsɪv/

coercive

coercitif
Meaning
Relating to or using force or threats to make someone do something.
Example
The government faced criticism for adopting coercive measures against protestors.
Le gouvernement a été critiqué pour avoir adopté des mesures coercitives contre les manifestants.
C1 noun ˌkæl.ɪˈbreɪ.ʃən

calibration

calibration
Meaning
The action or process of adjusting or determining the accuracy of measuring instruments.
Example
The accuracy of a scale depends on regular calibration.
La précision d'une balance dépend d'une calibration régulière.
C1 noun /ˈkɜːr.i liːvz/

Curry Leaves

feuilles de curry
Meaning
aromatic leaves from the curry tree used in South Asian cooking
Example
Fresh curry leaves add authentic flavor to Indian dishes.
Les feuilles de curry fraîches ajoutent une saveur authentique aux plats indiens.
C1 noun /ˈkɑr.nɪdʒ/

Carnage

carnage
Meaning
the killing of a large number of people; widespread slaughter
Example
The battlefield was filled with carnage after the brutal war.
Le champ de bataille était rempli de carnage après la guerre brutale.
C1 adjective /kræs/

crass

grossier, sans sensibilité ou raffinement
Meaning
lacking sensitivity, refinement, or intelligence
Example
His crass remarks offended everyone at the meeting.
Ses remarques grossières ont offensé tout le monde lors de la réunion.
C1 noun /kəˈmændər ɪn tʃiːf/

Commander-in-chief

commandant en chef
Meaning
the supreme leader of a nation's armed forces
Example
The president serves as the commander-in-chief of the military.
Le président agit en tant que commandant en chef des forces armées.
C1 verb /kənˈdəʊn/

condone

condonner
Meaning
To accept or allow behavior that is morally wrong or offensive.
Example
The manager refused to condone harassment in the workplace.
Le responsable a refusé de condoner le harcèlement sur le lieu de travail.
C1 noun /ˌkɒnstəˈneɪʃən/

consternation

consternation
Meaning
A feeling of anxiety, dismay, or confusion, often caused by something unexpected.
Example
The sudden announcement caused widespread consternation among the employees.
L'annonce soudaine a provoqué une consternation généralisée parmi les employés
C1 noun /kəˈres/

Caress

caresse
Meaning
a gentle or loving touch
Example
The mother's gentle caress calmed the crying baby.
La caresse douce de la mère calma le bébé qui pleurait.
C1 verb /ˈkrʌmpəl/

crumple

froisser
Meaning
to crush something into folds or wrinkles
Example
He crumpled the paper and threw it in the bin.
Il a froissé le papier et l'a jeté dans la poubelle.
C1 noun /kənˈtɪn.dʒən.si/

contingency

plan de contingence
Meaning
A provision for an unforeseen event or circumstance, especially in financial planning.
Example
The company has a contingency plan for economic downturns.
L'entreprise dispose d'un plan de contingence pour les récessions économiques.
C1 noun /ˈkænən/

canon

canon
Meaning
A general law, rule, principle, or collection of sacred books accepted as genuine.
Example
The book is now considered part of the literary canon.
Le livre est désormais considéré comme faisant partie du canon littéraire.
C1 noun /ˈkʌntrɪmən/

countryman

compatriote
Meaning
a person from one's own country or rural area
Example
He was proud to meet a fellow countryman at the international conference.
Il était fier de rencontrer un compatriote à la conférence internationale.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.stɪk/

caustic

caustique, acerbe
Meaning
able to burn or corrode by chemical action; severely sarcastic
Example
Her caustic remarks hurt his feelings.
Ses remarques caustiques ont blessé ses sentiments.
C1 verb /kəˈleɪt/

collate

collater
Meaning
to collect, arrange, and combine in order
Example
The secretary collated the reports before the meeting.
La secrétaire a collationné les rapports avant la réunion.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɪliətɔːri/

conciliatory

conciliatoire
Meaning
intended to make someone less angry or more agreeable; soothing
Example
She spoke in a conciliatory tone to ease the tension.
Elle a parlé d'un ton conciliant pour apaiser la tension.
C1 noun /ˈsɪn.ɪˌsɪz.əm/

cynicism

cynisme
Meaning
An inclination to believe that people are motivated purely by self-interest; skepticism.
Example
His cynicism made it hard for him to trust anyone.
Son cynisme lui rendait difficile de faire confiance à quiconque.
C1 noun /ˈʃæsi/

chassis

châssis du véhicule
Meaning
the base frame of a vehicle or other wheeled machine
Example
The mechanic examined the car's chassis for damage.
Le mécanicien a examiné le châssis de la voiture pour détecter des dommages.
C1 noun /kənˈtɛndər/

contender

concurren, prétendant
Meaning
a person or team competing for a title or prize
Example
She is a strong contender for the mayoral position.
Elle est une forte prétendante pour le poste de maire.
C1 noun /kɑːɡ/

cog

dent de roue ou d'engrenage
Meaning
A tooth on the rim of a wheel or gear; metaphorically, a minor but necessary part of a larger system.
Example
He felt like just a small cog in a big machine.
Il se sentait comme un petit rouage dans une grande machine.
C1 adjective ˈkrɪp.tɪk

cryptic

cryptique, énigmatique, obscure
Meaning
Having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure; difficult to understand.
Example
The message was cryptic and hard to decipher.
Le message était cryptique et difficile à déchiffrer.
C1 noun /ˈkliː.vər/

Cleaver

grand couteau
Meaning
a heavy knife with a broad blade used for chopping meat or vegetables
Example
The chef used a cleaver to chop the chicken bones.
Le chef a utilisé un grand couteau pour couper les os de poulet.
C1 noun /kɒzˈmɒlədʒi/

cosmology

cosmologie
Meaning
the science of the origin and development of the universe
Example
She studied cosmology to understand the origins of the universe.
Elle a étudié la cosmologie pour comprendre les origines de l'univers.
C1 noun /kənˈvʌl.ʃən/

convulsion

convulsion
Meaning
a sudden, violent, involuntary contraction of muscles; a seizure
Example
The medicine helped prevent convulsions in children.
Le médicament a aidé à prévenir les convulsions chez les enfants.
C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈbæləns/

counterbalance

contrebalancer
Meaning
to offset or balance the effect of something
Example
Exercise can counterbalance the negative effects of stress.
L'exercice peut contrebalancer les effets négatifs du stress.
C1 noun /ˌklɔːstrəˈfəʊbiə/

claustrophobia

claustrophobie
Meaning
an extreme or irrational fear of being in confined spaces
Example
He avoids elevators because of his claustrophobia.
Il évite les ascenseurs à cause de sa claustrophobie.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsnt/

convalescent

en convalescence, en rétablissement après une maladie ou un traitement médical
Meaning
recovering from an illness or medical treatment
Example
The hospital has a special ward for convalescent patients.
L'hôpital dispose d'une salle spéciale pour les patients en convalescence.
C1 verb /kənˈtɛkstʃuəlaɪz/

contextualize

contextualiser
Meaning
to place something in a context or interpret it in relation to its surroundings
Example
The teacher contextualized the historical event to make it more relevant for students.
Le professeur a contextualisé l'événement historique pour le rendre plus pertinent pour les étudiants.
C1 noun /ˌkɒŋɡrɪˈɡeɪʃən/

congregation

congrégation
Meaning
a group of people assembled for religious worship or a common purpose
Example
The congregation gathered to hear the sermon.
La congrégation s'est réunie pour écouter le sermon.
C1 noun/verb kənˈdʒɛk.tʃər

conjecture

conjecture
Meaning
An opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information; to form an opinion or supposition about something.
Example
The scientist's conjecture was later proven true.
La conjecture du scientifique a ensuite été prouvée juste.
C1 adjective /kəˈləʊ.kwi.əl/

colloquial

familier
Meaning
Used in ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing; informal language.
Example
His colloquial expressions made the speech relatable.
Ses expressions familières ont rendu le discours plus accessible.
C1 verb /ˈkriːmeɪt/

cremate

incinérer
Meaning
to burn a dead body to ashes as a funeral rite
Example
According to his wishes, they cremated his body after the funeral.
Selon ses volontés, ils ont incinéré son corps après les funérailles.
C1 verb ˌsɝː.kəmˈvent

circumvent

éviter habilement ou contourner des obstacles ou des règles
Meaning
To cleverly avoid or find a way around obstacles or rules.
Example
He tried to circumvent the security system.
Il a essayé de contourner le système de sécurité.
C1 adjective /ˌkætəˈklɪzmɪk/

cataclysmic

cataclysmique
Meaning
Relating to or denoting a violent natural event or upheaval.
Example
The war had cataclysmic effects on the nation's economy.
La guerre a eu des effets cataclysmiques sur l'économie du pays.
C1 noun /ˈkʌl.ən.dər/

Colander

passoire
Meaning
a bowl-shaped kitchen utensil with holes in it used for draining food such as pasta or rice
Example
She drained the pasta using a colander.
Elle a égoutté les pâtes avec une passoire.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkɑːr.dɪ.nəl/

cardinal

cardinal / principal
Meaning
As an adjective: of prime importance; as a noun: a high-ranking Catholic clergyman or a type of bird.
Example
Honesty is a cardinal virtue in life.
L'honnêteté est une vertu cardinal dans la vie.
C1 noun /ˈkɒmən kɑːp/

Common Carp

carpe commune
Meaning
A large freshwater fish widely cultivated for food
Example
Common carp is an important fish in aquaculture.
La carpe commune est un poisson important en aquaculture.
C1 adjective /ˈkrɛdɪtəbl/

creditable

digne d'éloges
Meaning
Deserving praise or acknowledgment, though not necessarily outstanding.
Example
She made a creditable effort in completing the project on time.
Elle a fait un effort digne d'éloges en terminant le projet à temps.
C1 noun /saɪˈteɪʃən/

citation

citation
Meaning
a quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author
Example
The research paper included a citation from Shakespeare.
L'article de recherche comprenait une citation de Shakespeare.
C1 noun sɜːrˈkeɪdiən ˈrɪðəm

circadian rhythm

rythme circadien
Meaning
The body's natural sleep-wake cycle that occurs within 24 hours
Example
Exposure to natural light regulates the circadian rhythm.
L'exposition à la lumière naturelle régule le rythme circadien.
C1 noun /kəˈpɪl.ər.iz/

capillaries

capillaires
Meaning
Any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.
Example
Broken capillaries cause dark circles.
Les capillaires cassés causent des cernes.
C1 adjective /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/

compulsive

compulsif
Meaning
Resulting from or acting on an irresistible urge, especially one that is against one's conscious wishes.
Example
He is a compulsive gambler who cannot stop placing bets.
C'est un joueur compulsif qui ne peut pas arrêter de parier.
C1 verb /kriːk/

creak

faire un bruit aigu et grincant
Meaning
to make a high-pitched, squeaking noise when moved
Example
The old door creaked as she opened it.
La vieille porte a craqué quand elle l'a ouverte.
C1 noun /krɛst/

crest

crête
Meaning
the top of a hill, wave, or mountain; a symbol of identity
Example
The hikers reached the crest of the mountain at sunrise.
Les randonneurs ont atteint le sommet de la montagne au lever du soleil.
C1 noun /ˈkætərækt/

cataract

cataracte / chute d'eau
Meaning
A medical condition causing clouding of the eye's lens; also a large waterfall.
Example
The old man suffered from cataracts in both eyes.
L'homme âgé souffrait de cataractes aux deux yeux.
C1 adjective /ˈkælkjʊleɪtɪŋ/

calculating

calculateur
Meaning
acting in a scheming and ruthlessly determined way
Example
He had a cold and calculating approach to business.
Il avait une approche froide et calculatrice des affaires.
C1 noun kənˈsjuː.mə.rɪ.zəm

consumerism

consumérisme
Meaning
The tendency to increase consumption of goods and the importance given to consuming products.
Example
Modern consumerism leads to increased demand for luxury goods.
Le consumérisme moderne entraîne une demande accrue de biens de luxe.
C1 noun kəmˈpleɪ.sən.si

complacency

complaisance
Meaning
Excessive self-satisfaction with one's achievements that can hinder progress.
Example
His complacency led to a decline in his performance.
Sa complaisance a conduit à une baisse de ses performances.
C1 noun /kæʃ/

cache

cache
Meaning
A hidden storage of items or a high-speed memory in computing.
Example
The hikers found a cache of supplies hidden under the rocks.
Les randonneurs ont trouvé un cache de fournitures caché sous les roches.
C1 noun /ˈkærət/

carat

unité de poids pour les pierres précieuses
Meaning
a unit of weight for precious stones, equal to 200 milligrams
Example
She received a two-carat diamond ring for her engagement.
Elle a reçu une bague en diamant de deux carats pour ses fiançailles.
C1 verb /tʃæsˈtaɪz/

chastise

critiquer sévèrement / punir sévèrement
Meaning
to criticize or punish severely
Example
The teacher chastised the student for being late.
Le professeur a sévèrement réprimandé l'étudiant pour son retard.
C1 noun /krəˈvæs/

crevasse

fissure profonde
Meaning
a deep crack in a glacier or the earth’s surface
Example
The climbers carefully crossed the icy crevasse.
Les alpinistes ont traversé prudemment la fissure glacée.
C1 verb /kənˈfaʊnd/

confound

déconcerter
Meaning
to confuse or surprise someone, often by acting against their expectations
Example
The magician's trick seemed to confound the entire audience.
Le tour du magicien semblait déconcerter tout le public.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.zənt/

cognizant

conscient
Meaning
Having knowledge or being aware of something.
Example
He was cognizant of the risks before starting the project.
Il était conscient des risques avant de commencer le projet.
C1 noun /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/

calligraphy

l'art de l'écriture décorative et élégante
Meaning
The art of beautiful and decorative handwriting.
Example
She took a course to improve her calligraphy skills.
Elle a suivi un cours pour améliorer ses compétences en calligraphie.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæplɪn/

chaplain

aumônier
Meaning
A member of the clergy attached to a private chapel, institution, hospital, or military unit.
Example
The army chaplain offered prayers before the battle.
L'aumônier de l'armée a offert des prières avant la bataille.
C1 noun ˈkɒnfluəns

confluence

confluence
Meaning
An act or process of merging.
Example
The confluence of ideas from different cultures created a rich discussion.
La confluence des idées de différentes cultures a créé une discussion riche.
C1 verb /kɜːrˈteɪl/

curtail

réduire
Meaning
to reduce or limit something, especially something considered undesirable
Example
The company had to curtail its spending due to budget cuts.
L'entreprise a dû réduire ses dépenses en raison des réductions budgétaires.
C1 noun /ˌkɔr.diˈæl.ɪ.ti/

Cordiality

cordialité; amabilité
Meaning
sincere affection and kindness; warm and friendly behavior
Example
The host's cordiality made all the guests feel welcome and comfortable.
La cordialité de l'hôte a fait en sorte que tous les invités se sentent bienvenus et à l'aise.
C1 noun kəˈlɛktɪvɪzəm

collectivism

collectivisme
Meaning
The practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it.
Example
Collectivism emphasizes the importance of group over individual interests.
Le collectivisme souligne l'importance du groupe par rapport aux intérêts individuels.
C1 adjective kənˈkɝː.ənt

concurrent

concurrent, simultané, qui se produit en même temps
Meaning
Existing, happening, or done at the same time.
Example
The conference had concurrent sessions on various topics.
La conférence avait des sessions concurrentes sur divers sujets.
C1 noun /ˈkjuːmɪn/

Cumin

cumin
Meaning
A spice made from the dried seeds of a plant in the parsley family, with a warm earthy flavor
Example
Cumin is an essential spice in Indian and Middle Eastern cooking.
Le cumin est une épice essentielle dans la cuisine indienne et du Moyen-Orient.
C1 noun /kəˈmɪtl̩/

committal

envoi en prison / détention
Meaning
The action of sending a person to prison or a mental hospital; also the act of committing something to a particular place.
Example
The judge ordered the committal of the accused to custody.
Le juge a ordonné l'envoi de l'accusé en détention.
C1 noun /ˈkɒntrəbænd/

contraband

marchandises illégales
Meaning
goods that are illegal to import, export, or possess
Example
The police seized a shipment of contraband cigarettes.
La police a saisi une cargaison de cigarettes de contrebande.
C1 adjective kənˈten.ʃəs

contentious

controversé
Meaning
Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.
Example
The contentious issue divided global leaders.
La question controversée a divisé les dirigeants mondiaux.
C1 verb /kəˈmɛmɔˌreɪt/

commemorate

commémorer
Meaning
To honor and remember someone or something through a ceremony or action.
Example
The statue was built to commemorate the fallen heroes.
La statue a été construite pour commémorer les héros tombés.
C1 noun /ˈkæləs/

callus

zone épaissie de la peau
Meaning
A thickened and hardened part of the skin or soft tissue, especially in an area subjected to friction.
Example
A callus formed on his palm from using tools every day.
Un callus s'est formé sur sa paume à force d'utiliser des outils tous les jours.
C1 noun /ˈkɒləmnɪst/

columnist

chroniqueur
Meaning
a journalist who regularly writes articles or opinions for a newspaper or magazine
Example
The columnist wrote an article about climate change.
Le chroniqueur a écrit un article sur le changement climatique.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.təmˈpleɪ.ʃən/

contemplation

réflexion profonde
Meaning
The action of looking thoughtfully at something for a long time; deep reflective thought.
Example
She sat in contemplation before making her decision.
Elle s'assit en profonde réflexion avant de prendre sa décision.
C1 noun /krʌks/

crux

le noyau
Meaning
the most important or decisive point of an issue
Example
The crux of the problem lies in poor communication.
Le noyau du problème réside dans une mauvaise communication.
C1 noun /sɛˈseɪʃən/

cessation

cessation
Meaning
The fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.
Example
There was a temporary cessation of hostilities.
Il y a eu une cessation temporaire des hostilités.
C1 noun/verb /ˈkætəpʌlt/

catapult

catapulte
Meaning
A device for launching objects at high speed; to hurl or launch something suddenly.
Example
The invention catapulted him to international fame.
L'invention l'a catapulté à la célébrité internationale.
C1 verb /kəˈrəʊd/

corrode

corroder
Meaning
to gradually destroy or wear away metal or other materials through chemical action
Example
The iron pipes corroded over time due to exposure to water.
Les tuyaux en fer se sont corrodés au fil du temps à cause de l'exposition à l'eau.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪtən/

cosmopolitan

cosmopolite
Meaning
familiar with and at ease in many different countries and cultures
Example
He has a cosmopolitan outlook due to his extensive travels.
Il a une perspective cosmopolite grâce à ses nombreux voyages.
C1 noun /ˈtʃænsələr/

chancellor

chancelier / recteur
Meaning
A senior state or legal official, or the head of a university.
Example
The chancellor delivered an inspiring speech at the graduation ceremony.
Le chancelier a prononcé un discours inspirant lors de la cérémonie de remise des diplômes.
C1 noun kənˌsɒl.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən

Consolidation

consolidation de la mémoire
Meaning
The process of converting newly learned information into long-term memory
Example
Sleep plays a key role in memory consolidation.
Le sommeil joue un rôle clé dans la consolidation de la mémoire.
C1 noun /ˈsɪstərn/

cistern

réservoir
Meaning
A tank or container for storing water, usually for household use.
Example
The old house still had a cistern to collect rainwater.
La vieille maison avait encore un réservoir pour recueillir l'eau de pluie.
C1 noun /ˌkɒnfɪˈdɑːnt/

confidante

amie de confiance
Meaning
A woman with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting her not to repeat it.
Example
The queen’s maid became her most trusted confidante.
La servante de la reine est devenue sa confidente la plus fidèle.
C1 noun /ˈkælɪbər/

caliber

calibre
Meaning
The quality of someone's ability or character; the internal diameter of a gun barrel.
Example
The university attracts students of high caliber.
L'université attire des étudiants de haut calibre.
C1 verb /kənˈstrɪkt/

constrict

constrict
Meaning
to make narrower or tighter; to shrink or compress
Example
The snake constricted its prey before swallowing.
Le serpent a contracté sa proie avant de l'avaler.
C1 noun /kənˈtɪn.ju.əns/

continuance

continuité
Meaning
the state of continuing or being prolonged; persistence
Example
The continuance of the project depended on securing additional funding.
La continuité du projet dépendait de l'obtention de financements supplémentaires.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnfɪskeɪt/

confiscate

confisquer
Meaning
to take something away officially, often as a punishment
Example
The teacher confiscated the student's phone during class.
Le professeur a confisqué le téléphone de l'élève pendant le cours.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.zəl/

causal

causal
Meaning
relating to or acting as a cause
Example
There is a causal link between smoking and cancer.
Il existe un lien causal entre le tabagisme et le cancer.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒn.keɪv/

concave

concave
Meaning
curved inward like the inside of a bowl
Example
The mirror had a concave surface that magnified her reflection.
Le miroir avait une surface concave qui grossissait son reflet.
C1 verb /kənˈsaɪn/

consign

consigner
Meaning
to deliver something to a person or place, often for selling or safekeeping
Example
He consigned the package to the shipping company.
Il a consigné le paquet à la société de transport.
C1 adjective /ˈkɑːr.di.æk/

cardiac

cardiaque
Meaning
Relating to the heart.
Example
The patient was admitted with a cardiac condition.
Le patient a été admis avec une condition cardiaque.
C1 noun ˌkæp.ɪ.təl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

capitalization

capitalisation
Meaning
The total market value of a company's shares or the provision of capital for a company or activity.
Example
The company's capitalization reached $1 billion in market value.
La capitalisation de l'entreprise a atteint 1 milliard de dollars en valeur marchande.
C1 adjective /ˈkʌlpəbl̩/

culpable

coupable
Meaning
deserving blame or responsibility for a wrongdoing
Example
The judge found him culpable for the accident.
Le juge l'a jugé coupable de l'accident.
C1 adjective /kəmˈplɪsɪt/

complicit

complice (dans un crime)
Meaning
involved with others in an illegal activity or wrongdoing
Example
He was found complicit in the crime.
Il a été trouvé complice dans le crime.
C1 verb /kəˈpɪtjʊˌleɪt/

capitulate

capituler
Meaning
to surrender or give in after resisting
Example
The army had no choice but to capitulate to the enemy.
L'armée n'a eu d'autre choix que de capituler devant l'ennemi.
C1 noun /ˈkæmi.oʊ/

cameo

caméo
Meaning
a small but significant role in a play, film, or show, often performed by a well-known person
Example
The actor made a surprise cameo in the movie.
L'acteur a fait un caméo surprise dans le film.
C1 verb/noun /ˈkrɒn.ɪ.kəl/

chronicle

enregistrer des événements dans l'ordre où ils se sont produits
Meaning
To record events in the order in which they happened; a written record of historical events.
Example
She decided to chronicle her journey through a blog.
Elle a décidé de chroniquer son voyage à travers un blog.
C1 noun /kʌˈstoʊ.di.ən/

Custodian

concierge; gardien; gestionnaire
Meaning
a person who has responsibility for or looks after something; a caretaker or guardian
Example
The school custodian ensures that all buildings are clean and secure.
Le concierge de l'école veille à ce que tous les bâtiments soient propres et sécurisés.
C1 verb /klɪntʃ/

clinch

assurer
Meaning
To secure or settle something decisively; to grasp tightly.
Example
The team clinched the championship with a last-minute goal.
L'équipe a remporté le championnat avec un but de dernière minute.
C1 noun /ʃæˈtoʊ/

chateau

château français
Meaning
a large French country house or castle
Example
They stayed in a beautiful chateau in France.
Ils sont restés dans un magnifique château en France.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɪn.ju.əl/

Continual

continu; ininterrompu;
Meaning
happening repeatedly over a long period of time; constant and uninterrupted
Example
The continual noise from the construction site was very annoying.
Le bruit continu du chantier de construction était très ennuyeux.
C1 noun /ˈsɪvɪks/

civics

instruction civique
Meaning
the study of the rights and duties of citizens and how government works
Example
Civics helps students understand their responsibilities as citizens.
L’instruction civique aide les élèves à comprendre leurs devoirs de citoyens.
C1 noun /kənˈsiːt/

conceit

vanité
Meaning
excessive pride in oneself; vanity
Example
His conceit made him unpopular among his colleagues.
Sa vanité l'a rendu impopulaire parmi ses collègues.
C1 verb /kənˈdʒɛst/

congest

congestionner
Meaning
To block or overcrowd a space, making movement or flow difficult.
Example
Heavy traffic can congest the city streets during rush hour.
Le trafic dense peut congestionner les rues de la ville pendant les heures de pointe.
C1 noun /kənˈsep.ʃən/

Conception

conception; idée; fertilisation
Meaning
the forming of an idea or plan; the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm; the action of conceiving
Example
The conception of this innovative project took several months of brainstorming.
La conception de ce projet innovant a pris plusieurs mois de brainstorming.
C1 noun /kənˈtʃɛrtoʊ/

concerto

composition musicale
Meaning
a musical composition for one or more solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra
Example
She played a Mozart concerto with the orchestra.
Elle a joué un concerto de Mozart avec l'orchestre.
C1 verb /kliːv/

cleave

fendre, couper
Meaning
to split or divide; to cut through forcefully
Example
He used an axe to cleave the wood.
Il a utilisé une hache pour fendre le bois.
C1 noun kəˈlæt.ər.əl

collateral

garantie, bien offert comme sécurité pour un prêt
Meaning
Something pledged as security for repayment of a loan, to be forfeited in the event of a default.
Example
The bank requires collateral for loan approval.
La banque exige une garantie pour l'approbation du prêt.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒn.ɪ.fər.əs/

coniferous

relatif aux arbres portant des cônes
Meaning
Relating to cone-bearing trees that usually have needle-like leaves and remain green year-round.
Example
Pine trees are coniferous and grow in colder climates.
Les pins sont des conifères et poussent dans des climats plus froids.
C1 noun /kənˈfɔːrməns/

conformance

conformité
Meaning
The act of conforming to a rule, standard, or law.
Example
The product was tested for conformance with safety standards.
Le produit a été testé pour sa conformité aux normes de sécurité.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒmprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

comprehensible

compréhensible
Meaning
able to be understood; intelligible
Example
The teacher explained the topic in a comprehensible way.
Le professeur a expliqué le sujet de manière compréhensible.