Complexion
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B2 noun /kəmˈplek.ʃən/

Complexion

teint
Meaning
the natural color, texture, and appearance of a person's skin, especially on the face
Example
Her fair complexion glowed beautifully in the morning sunlight.
Sa peau claire brillait magnifiquement sous la lumière du matin.
B2 noun, verb /kjuːb/

cube

cube
Meaning
As a noun: a solid object with six equal square faces. As a verb: to cut food into small square pieces.
Example
She put a sugar cube in her tea.
Elle a mis un cube de sucre dans son thé.
B1 verb /ˈkɒnsəntreɪt/

concentrate

se concentrer
Meaning
to focus all one's attention or mental effort on a particular object or activity
Example
She tried to concentrate on her studies despite the noise.
Elle a essayé de se concentrer sur ses études malgré le bruit.
B2 verb /ˈsɜːrkjəˌleɪt/

circulate

circuler, se déplacer
Meaning
to move continuously or freely through a closed system or area
Example
Air circulated freely in the open hall.
L'air circulait librement dans le hall ouvert.
A2 verb /ˈkʌvər/

cover

couvrir
Meaning
to put something over or upon something else to protect or conceal
Example
Please cover the food to keep it fresh.
Veuillez couvrir la nourriture pour la garder fraîche.
B2 noun /ˈkæriər/

carrier

transporteur
Meaning
A person or thing that carries, transports, or conveys something; also an organization that provides transport services.
Example
The airline is the largest carrier in the country.
La compagnie aérienne est le plus grand transporteur du pays.
B2 adjective ˌkɒn.trəˈvɜː.ʃəl

controversial

controversé
Meaning
Giving rise to public disagreement or heated discussion.
Example
The policy remains controversial.
La politique reste controversée.
C1 adjective ˈkɒn.təm.plə.tɪv

contemplative

réfléchi ou méditatif
Meaning
Expressing or involving prolonged thought; meditative and reflective.
Example
He spent a contemplative evening reflecting on his decisions.
Il a passé une soirée contemplative à réfléchir sur ses décisions.
C1 noun /ˈklæmər/

clamor

tumulte
Meaning
a loud and confused noise, especially of people shouting insistently
Example
The clamor of the protesting crowd filled the square.
Le tumulte de la foule en colère a rempli la place.
C1 noun /ˈsɪstərn/

cistern

réservoir
Meaning
A tank or container for storing water, usually for household use.
Example
The old house still had a cistern to collect rainwater.
La vieille maison avait encore un réservoir pour recueillir l'eau de pluie.
B2 noun, verb /kɜːrs/

curse

malédiction
Meaning
a solemn wish that harm or misfortune should befall someone; a rude or offensive word or phrase; to utter offensive words or wish harm upon someone
Example
He cursed loudly when he realized he had lost his wallet.
Il a juré bruyamment quand il s’est rendu compte qu’il avait perdu son portefeuille.
B1 adjective /ˈkeɪ.pə.bəl/

Capable

capable; compétent
Meaning
having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or achieve something; competent
Example
She is capable of handling complex problems.
Elle est capable de résoudre des problèmes complexes.
C2 noun /kɪˈrɒpədɪst/

chiropodist

pédicure-podologue
Meaning
A healthcare professional who diagnoses and treats foot problems.
Example
The chiropodist treated her painful corns and calluses.
Le pédicure-podologue a traité ses cors et callosités douloureux.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːrkəs/

carcass

cadavre d'un animal
Meaning
the dead body of an animal, especially after being slaughtered
Example
Vultures fed on the carcass left in the field.
Les vautours se sont nourris du cadavre laissé dans le champ.
B2 noun /ˌkovuːɪɡˈzɪs.təns/

Co-existence

coexistence
Meaning
the state of existing together at the same time or in the same place; peaceful cohabitation
Example
The peaceful co-existence of different cultures makes this city unique.
La coexistence pacifique de différentes cultures rend cette ville unique.
C1 verb /kənˈkɜːr/

concur

convenir
Meaning
To agree with someone or something.
Example
I concur with your opinion on this matter.
Je suis d'accord avec votre opinion sur cette question.
C2 noun /ˈkaɪrəˌmænsi/

chiromancy

chiromancie
Meaning
The practice of predicting the future by interpreting the lines on the palms of hands; palmistry.
Example
The old woman practiced chiromancy and told fortunes for travelers.
La vieille femme pratiquait la chiromancie et prédisait l'avenir des voyageurs.
B1 noun /ˌsɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

civilization

civilisation
Meaning
the stage of human social and cultural development and organization considered most advanced
Example
Ancient Egypt is known for its remarkable civilization.
L'Égypte ancienne est connue pour sa civilisation remarquable.
C1 noun /krʌks/

crux

le noyau
Meaning
the most important or decisive point of an issue
Example
The crux of the problem lies in poor communication.
Le noyau du problème réside dans une mauvaise communication.
C1 noun /ˈtʃɪz.əl/

Chisel

ciseau
Meaning
a tool with a sharp flat edge used for cutting or shaping wood, stone, or metal
Example
The carpenter used a chisel to carve the wood.
Le charpentier a utilisé un ciseau pour sculpter le bois.
B2 noun /koʊˈɪn.sɪ.dəns/

Coincidence

coïncidence
Meaning
a remarkable occurrence of events or circumstances without apparent causal connection; chance happening
Example
It was a strange coincidence that they both wore the same dress to the party.
C'était une étrange coïncidence qu'ils aient tous les deux porté la même robe à la fête.
C2 adjective /kɔːrˈpɔːriəl/

corporeal

corporel, matériel
Meaning
relating to the physical body; material or tangible
Example
Ghosts are often described as having no corporeal form.
Les fantômes sont souvent décrits comme n'ayant pas de forme corporelle.
B1 adverb /ˈkɒmənli/

commonly

commumément
Meaning
usually or by most people
Example
This phrase is commonly used in everyday speech.
Cette phrase est communément utilisée dans le langage quotidien.
A2 noun /ˈkæs.əl/

Castle

château; palais;
Meaning
a large fortified building or set of buildings; a fortress
Example
The medieval castle stood majestically on top of the hill.
Le château médiéval se dressait majestueusement au sommet de la colline.
C1 verb /ˈklæmbər/

clamber

grimper avec effort
Meaning
to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet
Example
The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.
Les enfants ont grimpé sur les rochers pour atteindre la grotte.
B2 noun kənˌtæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən

contamination

contamination
Meaning
The process of making something less pure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance.
Example
Contamination of air leads to health issues.
La contamination de l'air cause des problèmes de santé.
B2 noun /ˈsɜːr.tən.ti/

Certainty

certitude
Meaning
firm conviction that something is the case; the quality of being reliably true
Example
We can say with certainty that the project will be completed on time.
Nous pouvons dire avec certitude que le projet sera terminé à temps.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkɑːr.dɪ.nəl/

cardinal

cardinal / principal
Meaning
As an adjective: of prime importance; as a noun: a high-ranking Catholic clergyman or a type of bird.
Example
Honesty is a cardinal virtue in life.
L'honnêteté est une vertu cardinal dans la vie.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnsjʊlət/

consulate

consulat
Meaning
the building or office where a consul works
Example
He went to the consulate to renew his visa.
Il est allé au consulat pour renouveler son visa.
B2 noun /ˈkɒn.trɪ.bjʊ.tər/

contributor

contributeur
Meaning
a person who gives something to help achieve a result
Example
He was a regular contributor to the local newspaper.
Il était un contributeur régulier au journal local.
B1 verb /klæp/

clap

applaudir
Meaning
To strike the palms of the hands together, usually to express approval or create a sharp sound.
Example
The audience began to clap loudly after the performance.
Le public a commencé à applaudir bruyamment après la performance.
B2 verb /kənˈfrʌnt/

confront

confronter
Meaning
to face someone or something directly, especially in a challenge or conflict
Example
She had to confront her fears before making the speech.
Elle a dû confronter ses peurs avant de faire son discours.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpæʃənət/

Compassionate

compatissant; plein de compassion
Meaning
feeling or showing sympathy and concern for others who are suffering
Example
The compassionate nurse took extra time to comfort the worried patients.
L'infirmière compatissante a pris du temps supplémentaire pour réconforter les patients inquiets.
B2 verb /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/

contaminate

contaminer
Meaning
To make something impure, dirty, or harmful by contact with a poisonous or polluting substance.
Example
The river was contaminated by industrial waste.
La rivière a été contaminée par des déchets industriels.
A2 adverb /ˈklɪrli/

clearly

clairement
Meaning
In a way that is easy to perceive, understand, or see.
Example
She spoke clearly so that everyone could understand.
Elle a parlé clairement pour que tout le monde puisse comprendre.
C2 noun /kəˈpriːs/

caprice

caprice
Meaning
a sudden, unpredictable change of mood or behavior
Example
She bought the expensive dress on a caprice.
Elle a acheté la robe chère sur un caprice.
C2 verb /kənˈtɛm/

contemn

mépriser
Meaning
to treat or regard with disdain, scorn, or contempt
Example
He would never contemn honest work, no matter how humble.
Il ne mépriserait jamais un travail honnête, peu importe à quel point il est modeste.
B2 verb /koʊˈɔːrdɪˌneɪt/

coordinate

coordonner
Meaning
to organize people or things so that they work together effectively
Example
We need to coordinate our efforts to finish the project on time.
Nous devons coordonner nos efforts pour terminer le projet à temps.
C2 adjective /kənˈsʌmptɪv/

consumptive

consumptif
Meaning
Relating to or characterized by consumption; historically used to describe someone suffering from tuberculosis.
Example
The doctor advised against consumptive habits.
Le médecin a déconseillé les habitudes consumptives.
A2 noun /kæmp/

Camp

camp
Meaning
a place where soldiers live temporarily; a place with tents or huts for temporary accommodation
Example
The military established a camp near the border.
L'armée a établi un camp près de la frontière.
B2 adjective /ˈkrɛd.ɪ.bəl/

credible

crédible
Meaning
able to be believed; convincing
Example
Her explanation was credible enough to convince the committee.
Son explication était suffisamment crédible pour convaincre le comité.
C1 noun /ˈkeɪ.sɪŋ/

Casing

revêtement; coque
Meaning
a cover or shell that protects or encloses something
Example
The mechanic removed the engine casing to examine the internal parts.
Le mécanicien a retiré la coque du moteur pour examiner les pièces internes.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsələr/

councillor

conseiller municipal
Meaning
an elected member of a local council who helps make decisions and represent the community
Example
The councillor spoke to residents about improving local roads.
Le conseiller municipal a parlé des routes locales.
B2 verb /ˈkɒmbæt/

combat

combattre
Meaning
to fight against something, especially to reduce or stop it
Example
The government is taking steps to combat corruption.
Le gouvernement prend des mesures pour combattre la corruption.
B2 adjective /kruːd/

crude

brut
Meaning
in a natural or raw state; not yet processed or refined
Example
The crude oil is processed into fuel and chemicals.
Le pétrole brut est transformé en carburant et en produits chimiques.
B1 noun /kənˈteɪ.nər/

container

conteneur
Meaning
A receptacle or box used for storage or transportation.
Example
Containers are essential for logistics.
Les conteneurs sont essentiels pour la logistique.
B2 noun /kənˈtɛmpt/

contempt

mépris, dédain
Meaning
a strong feeling of dislike and lack of respect towards someone or something
Example
He spoke with contempt about the corrupt officials.
Il a parlé avec mépris des fonctionnaires corrompus.
A2 verb /tʃɪər/

cheer

acclamer
Meaning
to shout in encouragement or support; to make someone feel happier
Example
The fans cheered loudly when their team scored a goal.
Les supporters ont acclamé bruyamment lorsque leur équipe a marqué un but.
C2 noun /ˌkɒnsæŋˈɡwɪnɪti/

consanguinity

consanguinité
Meaning
The fact of being descended from the same ancestor; blood relationship.
Example
The degree of consanguinity was important in inheritance laws.
Le degré de consanguinité était important dans les lois de l'héritage.
C2 noun /kəˌmɒd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

commodification

marchandisation
Meaning
The transformation of goods, services, ideas, or social relations into market commodities.
Example
The commodification of education has increased tuition costs.
La marchandisation de l'éducation a augmenté les frais de scolarité.
C1 noun /tʃɪt/

Chit

billet, note
Meaning
a short note, typically a brief informal letter; a voucher for a sum owed
Example
She left a chit on the table asking him to call her back.
Elle a laissé un chit sur la table lui demandant de la rappeler.
C2 noun /kəˈraʊzl/

carousal

fête bruyante
Meaning
A noisy or lively drinking party or festivity.
Example
They were exhausted after a night of wild carousal.
Ils étaient épuisés après une nuit de fête bruyante.
A1 verb /tʃuːz/

choose

choisir
Meaning
to pick or select from several options
Example
I always choose healthy food options.
Je choisis toujours des options alimentaires saines.
C1 noun /ʃəˈmiːz/

Chemise

chemise
Meaning
a woman's loose-fitting undergarment or dress hanging straight from the shoulders
Example
The vintage chemise was made of delicate lace and silk.
La chemise vintage était faite de dentelle délicate et de soie.
C2 noun /kəˈpærɪsən/

caparison

revêtement orné pour un cheval ; vêtements ou décoration riche et élaborée
Meaning
an ornamental covering for a horse; rich and elaborate clothing or decoration
Example
The king’s horse was adorned with a golden caparison.
Le cheval du roi était décoré d'un caparison en or.
C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈækt/

counteract

contrer
Meaning
to act against something in order to reduce its effect
Example
The medicine helps counteract the side effects of the treatment.
Le médicament aide à contrer les effets secondaires du traitement.
A1 verb /kʌt/

cut

couper
Meaning
to divide or separate with a sharp tool
Example
I cut the paper with scissors.
J'ai coupé le papier avec des ciseaux.
A2 noun /ˈsɪɡəˌrɛt/

cigarette

cigarette
Meaning
a small roll of finely cut tobacco wrapped in paper for smoking
Example
He lit a cigarette after dinner.
Il a allumé une cigarette après le dîner.
C1 noun /ˈkɒmən kɑːp/

Common Carp

carpe commune
Meaning
A large freshwater fish widely cultivated for food
Example
Common carp is an important fish in aquaculture.
La carpe commune est un poisson important en aquaculture.
A2 noun /ˈkʌl.tʃər/

Culture

culture
Meaning
the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement; the customs and beliefs of a particular society
Example
Learning about different cultures helps us understand and appreciate diversity.
Apprendre différentes cultures nous aide à comprendre et à apprécier la diversité.
B2 verb /kənˈstrʌkt/

construct

construire
Meaning
to build or form something by putting parts together
Example
They plan to construct a new bridge over the river.
Ils prévoient de construire un nouveau pont au-dessus de la rivière.
B2 phrase kəˈlek.tɪv ˈæk.ʃən

collective action

action collective
Meaning
Action taken by a group of people working together toward a common goal or purpose.
Example
Collective action is needed to mitigate climate change.
Il faut une action collective pour atténuer le changement climatique.
B1 noun /ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/

composition

composition
Meaning
the act of creating a piece of writing, music, or art; the way parts are arranged
Example
Her composition won first prize in the contest.
Sa composition a remporté le premier prix au concours.
A2 verb /kənˈteɪn/

contain

contenir
Meaning
to have or include within; to restrain or control
Example
This box contains important documents.
Cette boîte contient des documents importants.
C1 noun /kənˈsiːt/

conceit

vanité
Meaning
excessive pride in oneself; vanity
Example
His conceit made him unpopular among his colleagues.
Sa vanité l'a rendu impopulaire parmi ses collègues.
C2 noun /ˈklærɪən/

Clarion

clairon
Meaning
a shrill narrow-tubed war trumpet; a medieval trumpet with a clear piercing tone
Example
The clarion sounded across the battlefield to signal the charge.
Le clairon a retenti à travers le champ de bataille pour signaler l'attaque.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːl.drən/

Cauldron

chaudron
Meaning
a large metal pot with a lid and handle, used for cooking over a fire
Example
The witch stirred her potion in a large cauldron.
La sorcière remuait sa potion dans un grand chaudron.
C1 noun /ˈkɑr.nɪdʒ/

Carnage

carnage
Meaning
the killing of a large number of people; widespread slaughter
Example
The battlefield was filled with carnage after the brutal war.
Le champ de bataille était rempli de carnage après la guerre brutale.
C1 noun /ˈkæn.ə.pi/

canopy

la couche supérieure d'une forêt formée par les cimes des arbres; couverture supérieure
Meaning
The upper layer of a forest formed by the crowns of trees; overhead cover.
Example
The rainforest canopy provides shelter to many birds and insects.
La canopée de la forêt tropicale offre un abri à de nombreux oiseaux et insectes.
B2 noun ˈkrɪt.ɪ.kəl ˈθɪŋ.kɪŋ

critical thinking

pensée critique
Meaning
The objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment.
Example
Critical thinking helps in making informed decisions.
La pensée critique aide à prendre des décisions éclairées.
C1 noun kənˈsjuː.mə.rɪ.zəm

consumerism

consumérisme
Meaning
The tendency to increase consumption of goods and the importance given to consuming products.
Example
Modern consumerism leads to increased demand for luxury goods.
Le consumérisme moderne entraîne une demande accrue de biens de luxe.
C2 noun /kəˈnaɪ.vəns/

connivance

connivence
Meaning
the act of secretly allowing or being involved in wrongdoing
Example
The theft happened with the connivance of the security guard.
Le vol a eu lieu avec la connivence du gardien de sécurité.
B2 noun /ˈkænən/

Cannon

canon
Meaning
large heavy gun that fires cannonballs or shells
Example
The castle was defended by several large cannons.
Le château a été défendu par plusieurs grands canons.
B1 noun /ˈsɪtɪzənʃɪp/

citizenship

citoyenneté
Meaning
the status of being a recognized member of a state or country, with rights and duties
Example
He applied for American citizenship after living there for ten years.
Il a demandé la citoyenneté américaine après y avoir vécu pendant dix ans.
C2 noun /ˈtʃaɪ.nə bɑːks/

China box

jasmin d'oranger
Meaning
a small evergreen shrub with tiny white fragrant flowers
Example
The China box plant produced clusters of small white flowers.
La plante de jasmin d'oranger a produit des grappes de petites fleurs blanches.
C2 noun /ˈkɒmɪti/

comity

courtoisie, respect mutuel
Meaning
Courtesy and considerate behavior towards others; mutual respect.
Example
The meeting was conducted with comity and respect.
La réunion s'est déroulée avec courtoisie et respect.
B2 noun ˌkɒn.fɪ.den.ʃiˈæl.ɪ.ti

confidentiality

confidentialité
Meaning
The state of keeping or being kept secret or private
Example
Confidentiality is crucial in data security.
La confidentialité est cruciale dans la sécurité des données.
C2 adjective kaɪˈmɛr.ɪ.kəl

chimerical

chimérique, irréalisable
Meaning
Illusory or impossible to achieve; existing only in imagination.
Example
His chimerical ideas often baffled realists.
Ses idées chimériques déconcertent souvent les réalistes.
C1 noun /ˈkæpɪˌlɛri/

capillary

capillaire
Meaning
a very thin blood vessel that connects arteries and veins
Example
Oxygen passes from the blood into tissues through capillaries.
L'oxygène passe du sang dans les tissus par les capillaires.
B2 adjective /ˈsɛl.əˌbreɪ.tɪd/

celebrated

célébré
Meaning
Widely known and praised; famous for an achievement.
Example
He is a celebrated author in the field of literature.
Il est un auteur célébré dans le domaine de la littérature.
B1 noun /ˈtʃæptər/

chapter

chapitre
Meaning
A main division of a book or a period in someone's life.
Example
I just finished the first chapter of the novel.
Je viens de terminer le premier chapitre du roman.
C2 verb /ˈkælvɪnaɪz/

calvinize

Imprégner avec les principes du calvinisme
Meaning
to imbue with the principles or doctrines of Calvinism
Example
The preacher sought to calvinize the community with strict teachings.
Le prédicateur chercha à calviniser la communauté avec des enseignements stricts.
C1 noun /kjʊˈreɪtər/

curator

conservateur
Meaning
a person who is responsible for the care and management of a museum, gallery, or collection
Example
The curator organized a new exhibition of ancient artifacts.
Le conservateur a organisé une nouvelle exposition d'artefacts anciens.
B2 noun /ˌkɒrəˈspɒndənt/

correspondent

correspondant
Meaning
A journalist who reports news from a particular place or on a particular subject.
Example
The foreign correspondent reported live from Paris.
Le correspondant étranger a rapporté en direct depuis Paris.
A2 noun /ˈkrɒk.ə.daɪl/

Crocodile

crocodile
Meaning
a large reptile with a long mouth and sharp teeth that lives in rivers and lakes in hot countries
Example
The crocodile slowly moved through the murky water.
Le crocodile se déplaçait lentement dans l'eau trouble.
B2 noun /kroʊ/

Crow

corbeau
Meaning
a large black bird known for its intelligence and harsh call
Example
The crow cawed loudly from the tree branch.
Le corbeau croassa bruyamment depuis la branche de l'arbre.
B2 verb /ˈkɒntəmpleɪt/

contemplate

contempler
Meaning
to think deeply and carefully about something; to consider thoughtfully
Example
She sat quietly to contemplate her future plans.
Elle s'est assise en silence pour contempler ses projets futurs.
C1 noun kəˈmɛns.mənt

commencement

commencement
Meaning
The beginning of something; a ceremony at which degrees or diplomas are conferred on graduating students.
Example
The commencement ceremony marked the start of a new journey.
La cérémonie de commencement a marqué le début d'un nouveau voyage.
C1 noun kəˈmɑːnd ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi

command economy

économie commandée
Meaning
An economic system where economic activities are controlled by the government.
Example
In a command economy, the government controls production and prices.
Dans une économie commandée, le gouvernement contrôle la production et les prix.
B2 noun /ˈkɜːr.tə.si/

Courtesy

courtoisie; politesse;
Meaning
the showing of politeness in one's attitude and behavior toward others; a polite gesture or remark
Example
He showed great courtesy by holding the door open for elderly people.
Il a montré une grande courtoisie en tenant la porte ouverte pour les personnes âgées.
B1 noun /ˌkænsəˈleɪʃən/

cancellation

annulation
Meaning
the act of stopping something that was planned or scheduled; the act of nullifying or invalidating something
Example
The airline announced the cancellation of several flights due to bad weather.
La compagnie a annoncé l’annulation de plusieurs vols.
C1 adjective /ˈkæn.dɪd/

Candid

honnête; franc; direct
Meaning
truthful and straightforward; frank and honest in expression
Example
I appreciate your candid opinion about the project.
J'apprécie ton avis candide sur le projet.
C1 noun /ˈkærɪkətjʊə/

caricature

caricature
Meaning
A picture or description that exaggerates certain features for comic or satirical effect.
Example
The magazine published a caricature of the politician.
Le magazine a publié une caricature du politicien.
C2 adjective /kənˈdʌktəbl̩/

conductible

conductible
Meaning
capable of being conducted, especially electricity or heat
Example
Copper is highly conductible to electricity.
Le cuivre est hautement conductible à l'électricité.
A2 noun ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃən

competition

compétition
Meaning
The activity or condition of competing; rivalry for supremacy.
Example
Competition grew between language groups.
La compétition a grandi entre les groupes linguistiques.
A2 adjective /ˈkɒm.ən/

common

commun
Meaning
occurring frequently or widely; shared by all
Example
It is common to see traffic in the city during rush hour.
Il est courant de voir du trafic en ville pendant l'heure de pointe.
C1 noun /ˌkʌl də ˈsæk/

cul de sac

impasse
Meaning
A street or passage closed at one end; a dead end.
Example
They bought a house at the end of a quiet cul de sac.
Ils ont acheté une maison au bout d'une impasse tranquille.
C1 noun /ˈkæləs/

callus

zone épaissie de la peau
Meaning
A thickened and hardened part of the skin or soft tissue, especially in an area subjected to friction.
Example
A callus formed on his palm from using tools every day.
Un callus s'est formé sur sa paume à force d'utiliser des outils tous les jours.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnskrɪpt/

conscript

forcé quelqu'un à rejoindre l'armée
Meaning
to force someone into military service
Example
The government conscripted young men during the war.
Le gouvernement a conscrit des jeunes hommes pendant la guerre.
A2 noun /ˈkændl/

candle

bougie
Meaning
a stick of wax with a wick that burns to give light
Example
She lit a candle during the power cut.
Elle a allumé une bougie pendant la coupure de courant.
C1 noun /ˈʃoʊ.vəˌnɪz.əm/

chauvinism

Meaning
Excessive or prejudiced support for one's own cause, group, or gender, often with contempt for others.
Example
The company's culture was criticized for promoting male chauvinism.
B1 noun /ˈkɒtɪdʒ/

cottage

cabane
Meaning
a small simple house, typically in the countryside
Example
They spent their vacation in a cozy cottage by the lake.
Ils ont passé leurs vacances dans une cabane confortable près du lac.
B1 noun /kəˈnæl/

canal

canal
Meaning
an artificial waterway constructed for navigation, irrigation, or drainage
Example
The canal was built to help transport goods across the region.
Le canal a été construit pour aider au transport des marchandises à travers la région.
B2 noun/verb /ˈtʃɑːrtər/

charter

charte / location
Meaning
a written document granting rights or privileges; to hire a vehicle or vessel for temporary use
Example
The company decided to charter a bus for the trip.
La société a décidé de louer un bus pour le voyage.
C2 noun /ˈklɪpər/

clipper

tondeuse / bateau rapide du XIXe siècle
Meaning
a tool used for cutting, or a fast sailing ship of the 19th century
Example
The barber used clippers to trim his hair.
Le barbier a utilisé des tondeuses pour couper ses cheveux.
C2 adjective /kənˈdʒɛktʃərəl/

conjectural

conjectural
Meaning
based on guesswork or incomplete evidence rather than certain knowledge
Example
His explanation was purely conjectural and lacked proof.
Son explication était purement conjecturale et manquait de preuves.
C2 verb /kəˈdʒoʊl/

cajole

cajoler
Meaning
To persuade someone to do something by flattery or gentle urging.
Example
She managed to cajole her friend into joining the trip.
Elle a réussi à cajoler son amie pour qu'elle se joigne au voyage.
C1 noun /kriːd/

creed

crédo, principe
Meaning
A system of religious or spiritual beliefs or a guiding principle.
Example
Freedom of speech is part of his personal creed.
La liberté d'expression fait partie de son crédo personnel.
A2 verb /kaʊnt/

count

compter
Meaning
to determine the total number of something
Example
She carefully counted the money on the table.
Elle a soigneusement compté l'argent sur la table.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpærətɪv/

Comparative

comparatif
Meaning
involving comparison between two or more things; relative
Example
The study showed comparative results between different teaching methods.
L'étude a montré des résultats comparatifs entre différentes méthodes d'enseignement.
C2 noun /kənˈtjuː.ʒən/

contusion

contusion, ecchymose
Meaning
a bruise or injury without breaking the skin
Example
The boxer had several contusions after the match.
Le boxeur avait plusieurs contusions après le match.
C2 noun /ˈkɒntrətɑː̃/

contretemps

malentendu inattendu
Meaning
an unexpected and unfortunate event or disagreement; a minor dispute
Example
There was a small contretemps between the two colleagues during the meeting.
Il y a eu un petit malentendu entre les deux collègues pendant la réunion.
C2 adjective /ˈkrɒtʃ.ə.ti/

crotchety

grincheux
Meaning
bad-tempered, easily annoyed, and often complaining
Example
The crotchety old man yelled at the children for playing near his house.
Le vieux grincheux a crié sur les enfants pour avoir joué près de sa maison.
C2 noun /kənˈtɔːrʃən/

contortion

une forme tordue ou pliée; l'action de tordre hors de la forme normale
Meaning
a twisted or bent shape; the act of twisting out of the normal shape
Example
The gymnast's contortion amazed the audience.
La contorsion du gymnaste a étonné le public.
C1 noun /kəˈluːʒən/

collusion

collusion
Meaning
A secret agreement or cooperation, especially for an illegal or dishonest purpose.
Example
There was evidence of collusion between the officials and the contractors.
Il y avait des preuves de collusion entre les fonctionnaires et les entrepreneurs.
B2 adjective /kənˈsɜːvətɪv/

conservative

conservateur
Meaning
Favoring traditional views and values; resistant to change.
Example
He has conservative views on family and society.
Il a des opinions conservatrices sur la famille et la société.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɜːrtɪd/

concerted

concerté
Meaning
done with great effort, planned and performed together by multiple people
Example
The workers made a concerted effort to improve conditions.
Les travailleurs ont fait un effort concerté pour améliorer les conditions.
C1 noun /ˈtʃʌk.əl/

Chuckle

rire discret
Meaning
a quiet or suppressed laugh; to laugh quietly or with amusement
Example
He gave a soft chuckle when he heard the funny joke.
Il a laissé échapper un léger rire lorsqu'il a entendu la blague drôle.
B2 noun ˌkɒn.stɪˈtjuː.ʃən

constitution

constitution
Meaning
A body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state is governed.
Example
Constitutional reforms ensure equity.
Les réformes constitutionnelles assurent l'équité.
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɪzəm/

conservatism

conservatisme
Meaning
A political or social philosophy promoting traditional institutions and resistance to change.
Example
Conservatism values tradition and gradual development.
Le conservatisme valorise la tradition et le développement progressif.
B2 adjective /ˈsɜːrkjələr/

circular

circulaire
Meaning
shaped like a circle; round in form
Example
The kids sat in a circular arrangement around the campfire.
Les enfants étaient assis en disposition circulaire autour du feu de camp.