actuality
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C1 noun /ˌæktʃuˈæləti/

actuality

réalité
Meaning
The state of existing in reality rather than in appearance or imagination.
Example
The movie was based on historical actuality.
Le film était basé sur la réalité historique.
C1 adjective /ˈædʒɪteɪtɪd/

Agitated

agité; nerveux; inquiet; excité de manière négative
Meaning
disturbed; anxious; restless; excited in a negative way
Example
He became agitated when he heard the bad news.
Il est devenu agité lorsqu'il a entendu les mauvaises nouvelles.
C1 noun /ˈeɪθiɪzəm/

atheism

athéisme
Meaning
The belief that there is no God or gods.
Example
He declared his atheism openly despite social pressure.
Il a déclaré son athéisme ouvertement malgré la pression sociale.
C1 adjective /ˈædəmənt/

Adamant

obstiné; déterminé; inflexible; intransigeant
Meaning
একগুঁয়ে; জেদী; দৃঢ়সংকল্প; অনমনীয়;
Example
She was adamant about her decision to leave the company.
Elle était obstinée dans sa décision de quitter l'entreprise.
C1 adjective /æmˈfɪb.i.əs/

Amphibious

amphibie
Meaning
able to live both on land and in water; suitable for both land and water operations
Example
The amphibious vehicle can travel on both land and water.
Le véhicule amphibie peut voyager à la fois sur terre et dans l'eau.
C1 noun /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒəniːz/

aborigines

aborigènes
Meaning
The original inhabitants of a land, especially in Australia.
Example
The aborigines have preserved their traditions for thousands of years.
Les aborigènes ont préservé leurs traditions pendant des milliers d'années.
C1 noun /aɪ/

aye

oui
Meaning
an affirmative vote or expression of agreement
Example
The committee voted aye on the proposal.
Le comité a voté oui pour la proposition.
C1 verb /əˈdɔːrn/

adorn

orner
Meaning
to decorate or add beauty to something
Example
The hall was adorned with flowers for the wedding.
La salle a été ornée de fleurs pour le mariage.
C1 verb /əˈseɪl/

assail

assaillir
Meaning
to attack violently, either physically or with words
Example
The politician was assailed with difficult questions.
Le politicien a été assailli par des questions difficiles.
C1 noun /ænˈtɪθəsɪs/

antithesis

antithèse
Meaning
A person, thing, or idea that is the direct opposite of another; a rhetorical device contrasting opposing ideas in parallel structure.
Example
Love is the antithesis of hate.
L'amour est l'antithèse de la haine.
C1 noun /ɑːrˈmɑːdə/

armada

flotte de guerre
Meaning
A large fleet of warships.
Example
The Spanish Armada sailed against England in 1588.
L'Armada espagnole a navigué contre l'Angleterre en 1588.
C1 noun /əˈluːʒən/

allusion

allusion
Meaning
An indirect reference to something without mentioning it explicitly.
Example
Her story contained an allusion to a famous myth.
Son histoire contenait une allusion à un mythe célèbre.
C1 noun /ˈænərki/

anarchy

anarchie
Meaning
a state of disorder due to the absence or failure of government or authority
Example
The collapse of the regime led to anarchy in the streets.
L'effondrement du régime a conduit à l'anarchie dans les rues.
C1 noun /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənts/

antecedents

antécédents
Meaning
previous events, conditions, or people that influence or serve as a basis for something that follows
Example
The lawyer examined the criminal antecedents of the suspect.
L'avocat a examiné les antécédents criminels du suspect.
C1 noun əˌkred.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən

accreditation

accréditation
Meaning
The action or process of officially recognizing someone or something as having a particular status or being qualified to perform a particular activity.
Example
Accreditation ensures institutional credibility.
L'accréditation garantit la crédibilité institutionnelle.
C1 noun /əˈsɛnʃən/

ascension

ascension
Meaning
The act of rising or going up, often to an important position or a higher place.
Example
His rapid ascension in the company surprised everyone.
Sa rapide ascension dans l'entreprise a surpris tout le monde.
C1 verb /əˈdʒuːdɪˌkeɪt/

adjudicate

juger
Meaning
to make a formal judgment or decision about a problem or dispute
Example
The committee was formed to adjudicate disputes between the parties.
Un comité a été formé pour juger les différends entre les parties.
C1 adjective /iːsˈθɛθɪkəl/

aesthetical

esthétique
Meaning
concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty; related to artistic taste or appearance
Example
The architect focused on the aesthetical balance of the building.
L’architecte s’est concentré sur l’équilibre esthétique du bâtiment.
C1 noun /ˈɑːr.tər.i/

Artery

artère
Meaning
a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to other parts of the body
Example
The doctor checked the pulse in his artery.
Le médecin a vérifié le pouls dans son artère.
C1 adjective ˈæl.ɡə.rɪ.ðəm drɪv.ən

algorithm-driven

piloté par algorithmes.
Meaning
Controlled or powered by computer algorithms.
Example
Algorithm-driven systems increase accuracy.
Les systèmes pilotés par des algorithmes augmentent la précision.
C1 adjective /ɔːˈdeɪ.ʃəs/

Audacious

audacieux
Meaning
showing willingness to take bold risks; daring
Example
His audacious plan to climb the mountain without proper equipment shocked everyone.
Son plan audacieux de gravir la montagne sans équipement approprié a choqué tout le monde.
C1 verb /əˈnʌl/

annul

annuler
Meaning
to declare something legally invalid or cancel it
Example
The court decided to annul the marriage due to fraud.
Le tribunal a décidé d'annuler le mariage en raison de la fraude.
C1 noun /ˈæŋɡwɪʃ/

anguish

angoisse
Meaning
Severe mental or physical pain or suffering.
Example
She was in deep anguish after hearing the tragic news.
Elle était dans une profonde angoisse après avoir entendu la nouvelle tragique.
C1 adjective /ˌæntiˈneɪtl/

antenatal

prénatal
Meaning
Relating to the medical care and treatment given to a pregnant woman before the birth of her child.
Example
She attended regular antenatal checkups throughout her pregnancy.
Elle a assisté à des consultations prénatales régulières tout au long de sa grossesse.
C1 verb /əˈmæs/

amass

accumuler
Meaning
to gather together or accumulate over a period of time
Example
He managed to amass a fortune through wise investments.
Il a réussi à accumuler une fortune grâce à des investissements judicieux.
C1 adjective /ˈɛərˌtaɪt/

airtight

hermétique
Meaning
Completely sealed so that no air can get in or out.
Example
Store the cookies in an airtight container to keep them fresh.
Conservez les biscuits dans un récipient hermétique pour les garder frais.
C1 adverb /əˈbrɛst/

abreast

côte à côte
Meaning
side by side and facing the same direction; informed about something
Example
The soldiers marched two abreast down the street.
Les soldats marchaient deux côte à côte dans la rue.
C1 noun /əˌfɪl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/

affiliation

affiliation
Meaning
The state or process of affiliating or being affiliated; a connection or association.
Example
His affiliation with the company lasted for a decade.
Son affiliation avec l'entreprise a duré une décennie.
C1 verb /ədˈmɪnɪstreɪt/

administrate

administrer
Meaning
to manage or supervise the execution of duties, laws, or resources; to formally give or apply something such as a test or medicine
Example
The committee will administrate the new policy across all departments.
Le comité administrera la nouvelle politique dans tous les départements.
C1 noun /ədˈhɪərənt/

adherent

adhérent
Meaning
a person who supports or follows a particular belief, cause, or leader
Example
He is a strong adherent of democratic values.
Il est un fervent adhérent des valeurs démocratiques.
C1 noun, verb /ˈɔːtɒpsi/

autopsy

autopsie
Meaning
a post-mortem examination to discover the cause of death or the extent of disease
Example
The autopsy revealed that the victim had died from poisoning.
L'autopsie a révélé que la victime était morte d'un empoisonnement.
C1 noun /ˈæmpɛər/

ampere

ampère
Meaning
A unit of electric current in the International System of Units (SI), symbolized as A.
Example
The current flowing through the wire is measured in amperes.
Le courant qui traverse le fil est mesuré en ampères.
C1 noun əˈtrɪʃ.ən

attrition

attrition
Meaning
The process of reducing something's strength or effectiveness through sustained attack or pressure.
Example
The company faced high employee attrition due to job dissatisfaction.
L'entreprise a subi une forte attrition des employés en raison de l'insatisfaction au travail.
C1 adjective /ˈæŋ.ɡjə.lər/

Angular

angulaire
Meaning
having sharp corners or edges; relating to angles
Example
The building has an angular design with sharp corners.
Le bâtiment a un design angulaire avec des coins pointus.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪˈtɪpɪkəl/

atypical

atypique
Meaning
not representative of a type, group, or class; unusual or abnormal
Example
The doctor said it was an atypical case of the disease.
Le médecin a dit que c'était un cas atypique de la maladie.
C1 noun /æbˈdʌk.ʃən/

abduction

enlèvement
Meaning
the act of taking someone away illegally by force; kidnapping
Example
The police are investigating the abduction of the child.
La police enquête sur l'enlèvement de l'enfant.
C1 noun /əˈstuːt.nəs/

astuteness

astuce
Meaning
The ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage.
Example
His astuteness helped in negotiations.
Son astuce a aidé dans les négociations.
C1 adjective /ˌæntiˈsleɪvəri/

antislavery

antiesclavagiste
Meaning
Opposed to the practice or system of slavery.
Example
The antislavery movement gained momentum in the 19th century.
Le mouvement antiesclavagiste a gagné en importance au XIXe siècle.
C1 verb /əˈluːd/

allude

faire allusion
Meaning
To refer to something indirectly or casually.
Example
The professor alluded to Shakespeare during the lecture.
Le professeur a fait allusion à Shakespeare pendant la conférence.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪˈsɛkʃuəl/

asexual

asexuel
Meaning
Without sexual feelings, associations, or reproduction through sex.
Example
Many plants reproduce through asexual methods like budding or splitting.
De nombreuses plantes se reproduisent par des méthodes asexuées comme le bourgeonnement ou la division.
C1 noun /ˈæbsɛs/

abscess

abcès
Meaning
A swollen area within body tissue containing pus, usually caused by infection.
Example
The dentist treated the abscess in his tooth.
Le dentiste a traité l'abcès dans sa dent.
C1 noun əbˈzɔːrp.ʃən

absorption

absorption
Meaning
The process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.
Example
Plants help in the absorption of carbon dioxide.
Les plantes aident à l'absorption du dioxyde de carbone.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪ.bəlˈbɒd.id/

able-bodied

corporellement capable
Meaning
physically strong and healthy, not disabled
Example
The company is looking for able-bodied workers for the construction site.
L'entreprise recherche des travailleurs physiquement capables pour le chantier.
C1 verb /əˈpɛnd/

append

ajouter
Meaning
to add something as an attachment or supplement, usually at the end of a document or list
Example
She decided to append a note to the end of the report.
Elle a décidé d'ajouter une note à la fin du rapport.
C1 noun /əˈlɒt.mənt/

allotment

attribution, répartition
Meaning
The distribution or allocation of something, especially resources or portions.
Example
Each department received an allotment of resources.
Chaque département a reçu une attribution de ressources.
C1 verb /ˈɑːrbɪtreɪt/

arbitrate

arbitrer
Meaning
to settle a dispute between two parties by acting as an impartial judge
Example
The committee agreed to arbitrate the contract dispute.
Le comité a accepté d'arbitrer le différend contractuel.
C1 adjective /əˈwɒʃ/

awash

inondé
Meaning
covered or flooded with water or something in large quantities
Example
The market was awash with cheap imported goods.
Le marché était inondé de produits importés bon marché.
C1 noun /əˌlɪtəˈreɪʃən/

alliteration

allitération
Meaning
the occurrence of the same consonant sound at the beginning of words in close succession
Example
She used alliteration in her poem to add musicality.
Elle a utilisé l'alliteration dans son poème pour ajouter de la musicalité.
C1 noun /ˌædəˈreɪʃən/

adoration

adoration / amour profond
Meaning
deep love and respect; worship
Example
The fans showed their adoration for the singer.
Les fans ont montré leur adoration pour le chanteur.
C1 adverb /ˈeɪ.mi.ə.bli/

Amiably

amicalement, de manière amicale
Meaning
in a friendly and pleasant manner
Example
They discussed the issue amiably without any arguments.
Ils ont discuté du problème amicalement sans aucune dispute.
C1 noun /ˈædɪdʒ/

adage

proverbe
Meaning
a short, well-known saying that expresses a general truth or piece of advice
Example
The old adage says that honesty is the best policy.
Le vieux proverbe dit que l'honnêteté est la meilleure politique.
C1 verb /əˈbɔːrt/

abort

avorter; annuler
Meaning
to stop a process or action before it is completed; to end a pregnancy deliberately
Example
The pilot decided to abort the mission due to bad weather.
Le pilote a décidé d’avorter la mission à cause du mauvais temps.
C1 adjective /ˈærɪd/

arid

aride
Meaning
extremely dry; lacking in interest or excitement
Example
The desert is known for its arid climate.
Le désert est connu pour son climat aride.
C1 adjective /ˈɑːtfəl/

Artful

habile; rusé; ingénieux
Meaning
clever or skillful, especially in a cunning way
Example
She gave an artful answer that avoided the real question.
Elle a donné une réponse habile qui a évité la vraie question.
C1 noun /ˈæpərtʃər/

aperture

ouverture / trou
Meaning
an opening, hole, or gap, especially one that lets in light
Example
Light entered through the small aperture in the wall.
La lumière est entrée par la petite ouverture dans le mur.
C1 noun /ˈæd.və.ser.i/

adversary

adversaire
Meaning
One's opponent in a contest, conflict, or dispute.
Example
The boxer faced a strong adversary in the ring.
Le boxeur a affronté un adversaire fort dans le ring.
C1 noun /əˈkɔːrdiən/

accordion

accordéon (instrument de musique)
Meaning
a musical instrument played by squeezing and expanding with keys and buttons
Example
The musician played a cheerful tune on the accordion.
Le musicien a joué un air joyeux à l'accordéon.
C1 verb əˈkruː

accrue

accumuler
Meaning
To accumulate or receive (payments or benefits) over time.
Example
Interest accrues on the savings account every month.
Les intérêts s'accumulent chaque mois sur le compte d'épargne.
C1 noun /əˈtrɑːsəti/

atrocity

atrocité
Meaning
an extremely cruel or violent act, often involving physical violence
Example
The world condemned the atrocity committed against civilians.
Le monde a condamné l'atrocité commise contre les civils.
C1 adjective /ænˈtɪriər/

anterior

antérieur
Meaning
Situated at or toward the front; coming before in position or time.
Example
The anterior part of the brain controls logical thinking.
La partie antérieure du cerveau contrôle la pensée logique.
C1 adverb /ˈæm.ɪ.kə.bli/

Amicably

amicalement
Meaning
in a friendly way without anger or resentment
Example
The divorce was settled amicably between both parties.
Le divorce a été réglé amicalement entre les deux parties.
C1 adverb /iːsˈθetɪkli/

aesthetically

esthétiquement
Meaning
in a way that is concerned with beauty or visual appeal
Example
The building is aesthetically pleasing despite its simple design.
Le bâtiment est esthétiquement agréable malgré son design simple.
C1 noun /ˈækwɪˌdʌkt/

aqueduct

aqueduc
Meaning
a structure built to carry water over long distances
Example
The Romans built aqueducts to supply water to their cities.
Les Romains ont construit des aqueducs pour fournir de l'eau à leurs villes.
C1 noun /əˈpɒsəl/

apostle

apôtre, défenseur
Meaning
A vigorous and pioneering advocate or supporter of a particular cause, often used for the early Christian disciples.
Example
He became an apostle of environmental protection.
Il est devenu un apôtre de la protection de l'environnement.
C1 adjective /ɔːˈtʌmnəl/

autumnal

automnal
Meaning
relating to or characteristic of autumn; occurring in autumn
Example
The autumnal colors of red and gold filled the forest.
Les couleurs automnales de rouge et d'or ont rempli la forêt.
C1 noun /əˈsɛndənsi/

ascendancy

ascendance, domination
Meaning
A position of power, influence, or control over others.
Example
The company gained ascendancy in the market through innovation.
L'entreprise a acquis l'ascendance sur le marché grâce à l'innovation.
C1 verb /ɔːɡˈmɛnt/

augment

augmenter
Meaning
To increase or strengthen something.
Example
The company plans to augment its workforce.
L'entreprise prévoit d'augmenter sa main-d'œuvre.
C1 verb əˈnaɪ.ə.leɪt

annihilate

anéantir
Meaning
Destroy utterly; obliterate; reduce to nothing.
Example
The explosion annihilated the entire village.
L'explosion a anéanti tout le village.
C1 adjective /ɔːˈtɒn.ə.məs/

autonomous

autonome
Meaning
Acting independently or having the freedom to do so.
Example
Autonomous systems ensure greater precision.
Les systèmes autonomes garantissent une plus grande précision.
C1 noun /ˈæspɪrənt/

aspirant

aspirant
Meaning
a person who seeks or hopes to achieve a position of honor or advancement
Example
She is an aspirant for the university's top scholarship.
Elle est une aspirante à la bourse la plus élevée de l'université.
C1 noun /æɡˈnɒs.tɪk/

agnostic

agnostique
Meaning
a person who believes that nothing is known or can be known about the existence of God; uncertain in belief
Example
He described himself as an agnostic rather than an atheist.
Il se décrivait comme un agnostique plutôt qu'un athée.
C1 adjective /ˈɑːr.dənt/

Ardent

ardent; passionné; fervent
Meaning
very enthusiastic; passionate; fervent
Example
She is an ardent supporter of environmental conservation.
Elle est une fervente partisane de la conservation de l'environnement.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪθiˈɪstɪk/

atheistic

athéiste
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of atheists or atheism.
Example
She grew up in an atheistic household with no religious rituals.
Elle a grandi dans une maison athée sans rituels religieux.
C1 noun /ˌæɡ.rəˈveɪ.ʃən/

aggravation

aggravation, détérioration
Meaning
The act of making a situation worse or the state of being worsened.
Example
The delay caused great aggravation for the passengers.
Le retard a causé une grande aggravation pour les passagers.
C1 noun /ədˈhɪə.rəns/

adherence

adhérence
Meaning
The practice of following or keeping to a rule, standard, or belief.
Example
Adherence to rules is crucial in any organization.
Le respect des règles est crucial dans toute organisation.
C1 verb /ˈænɪmeɪt/

animate

animer
Meaning
to bring to life or make lively; to create animation for films or cartoons
Example
The artist will animate the characters for the movie.
L'artiste animera les personnages pour le film.
C1 noun /ˌæn.əˈnɪm.ə.ti/

anonymity

anonymat
Meaning
The state of being anonymous; having one's identity kept secret or unknown.
Example
Online anonymity protects users from cyber threats.
L'anonymat en ligne protège les utilisateurs des menaces informatiques.
C1 noun /ˈæltoʊ/

alto

alto (voix chantée adulte)
Meaning
the second highest adult singing voice, between soprano and tenor
Example
She sang the alto part in the choir beautifully.
Elle chantait la partie alto dans la chorale magnifiquement.
C1 noun /ˌænəsˈθetɪk/

anesthetic

anesthésique
Meaning
A substance that causes loss of sensation or consciousness, especially used during surgery.
Example
The doctor administered a local anesthetic before stitching the wound.
Le médecin a administré un anesthésique local avant de suturer la plaie.
C1 noun /əˈdʒeɪsənsi/

adjacency

adjacence
Meaning
The state of being next to or adjoining something else.
Example
The adjacency of the two buildings made it easy to connect them.
L'adjacence des deux bâtiments a facilité leur connexion.
C1 noun /əˈrɪəz/

arrears

arriérés
Meaning
Money that is owed and should have been paid earlier.
Example
She was months in arrears with her electricity bill.
Elle était en retard de plusieurs mois pour sa facture d'électricité.
C1 noun /əˈtoʊnmənt/

atonement

expiation
Meaning
the act of making amends for a wrong, sin, or injury
Example
The festival was celebrated as a day of atonement.
Le festival a été célébré comme un jour d'expiation.
C1 noun /ˌeɪ.li.əˈneɪ.ʃən/

alienation

aliénation
Meaning
The state of being isolated or estranged from a group or activity.
Example
The new policies created a sense of alienation among employees.
Les nouvelles politiques ont créé un sentiment d'aliénation parmi les employés.
C1 noun /ˈælɪbaɪ/

alibi

alibi
Meaning
A claim or piece of evidence that one was elsewhere when an act, typically a crime, was committed.
Example
She had a strong alibi that proved she was at the cinema during the theft.
Elle avait un alibi solide qui prouvait qu'elle était au cinéma au moment du vol.
C1 verb /ˈæk.lɪ.meɪt/

acclimate

s'acclimater
Meaning
To adapt or become accustomed to a new environment or situation
Example
It takes time to acclimate to a new climate.
Il faut du temps pour s'acclimater à un nouveau climat.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːbərn/

auburn

châtain roux
Meaning
reddish-brown in color, especially used to describe hair
Example
She has long auburn hair that shines in the sunlight.
Elle a de longs cheveux châtain roux qui brillent au soleil.
C1 verb /əˈbriːvieɪt/

abbreviate

abréger
Meaning
To shorten a word, phrase, or text by leaving out letters or parts.
Example
We often abbreviate 'Doctor' to 'Dr'.
Nous abrégons souvent 'Docteur' en 'Dr'.
C1 noun, verb, adjective /ˈæɡ.rɪ.ɡət/ (noun/adjective), /ˈæɡ.rɪ.ɡeɪt/ (verb)

aggregate

agrégat, ensemble
Meaning
A whole formed by combining several elements; to combine into a total.
Example
The data was aggregated to provide a clearer picture of the market.
Les données ont été agrégées pour fournir une image plus claire du marché.
C1 verb /əbˈsteɪn/

abstain

s'abstenir
Meaning
To restrain oneself from indulging in or partaking of something.
Example
People often abstain from digital devices to enhance focus.
Les gens s'abstiennent souvent des appareils numériques pour améliorer leur concentration.
C1 preposition /əˈtɒp/

atop

au sommet
Meaning
on the top of something
Example
A flag was placed atop the tower.
Un drapeau a été placé au sommet de la tour.
C1 noun /ˈæntənɪm/

antonym

antonyme
Meaning
A word opposite in meaning to another.
Example
‘Hot’ is the antonym of ‘cold’.
‘Hot’ est l'antonyme de ‘cold’.
C1 adverb /əˈlɒft/

aloft

en hauteur
Meaning
Up in or into the air; overhead.
Example
The kite was flying aloft in the clear sky.
Le cerf-volant volait en hauteur dans le ciel clair.
C1 noun /əˈstrɑː.lə.dʒər/

Astrologer

astrologue
Meaning
a person who studies astrology and makes predictions based on the positions of stars and planets
Example
The astrologer predicted good fortune in her future.
L'astrologue a prédit une bonne fortune dans son avenir.
C1 verb /əbˈdʌkt/

abduct

enlever
Meaning
to take someone away illegally by force or deception
Example
The criminal tried to abduct the child in broad daylight.
Le criminel a essayé d’enlever l’enfant en plein jour.
C1 noun /əˈliː.dʒəns/

allegiance

allégeance
Meaning
Loyalty or commitment of a subordinate to a superior or of an individual to a group or cause.
Example
Soldiers take an oath of allegiance to their country.
Les soldats prêtent un serment d'allégeance à leur pays.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːrəl/

aural

aural
Meaning
Relating to the ear or the sense of hearing.
Example
The lecture was an aural experience as well as an intellectual one.
La conférence était une expérience aural, tout comme une expérience intellectuelle.
C1 noun ˈæ.sɛt ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən

asset allocation

répartition des actifs
Meaning
An investment strategy that aims to balance risk and reward by apportioning a portfolio's assets according to an individual's goals, risk tolerance, and investment horizon.
Example
Proper asset allocation is key to financial growth.
Une répartition correcte des actifs est essentielle pour la croissance financière.
C1 noun ɔːˈstɛr.ɪ.ti

austerity

austérité
Meaning
Simple and disciplined lifestyle, avoiding luxury.
Example
The government implemented austerity measures to reduce expenses.
Le gouvernement a mis en place des mesures d'austérité pour réduire les dépenses.
C1 adjective eɪˈsɪŋ.krə.nəs

asynchronous

asynchrone
Meaning
Of or requiring a form of computer control timing protocol in which a specific operation begins upon receipt of an indication that the preceding operation has been completed.
Example
Asynchronous courses allow students to learn at their own pace.
Les cours asynchrones permettent aux étudiants d'apprendre à leur propre rythme.
C1 adjective /ˈænsɪləri/

ancillary

annexe
Meaning
providing necessary support to the main system or organization
Example
The company provides ancillary services to the healthcare industry.
L'entreprise fournit des services annexes à l'industrie de la santé.
C1 noun /ˈɑːrdər/

ardor

passion, enthousiasme
Meaning
Great enthusiasm or passion.
Example
She spoke with ardor about her new project.
Elle parlait avec ardeur de son nouveau projet.
C1 noun /ˈænvɪl/

anvil

enclume en fer
Meaning
A heavy iron block used by blacksmiths for hammering and shaping metal.
Example
The blacksmith placed the hot iron on the anvil.
Le forgeron a placé le fer chaud sur l'enclume.
C1 noun /ˌæmplɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

amplification

amplification
Meaning
the act or process of making something stronger, louder, or more intense; an expansion or elaboration of details
Example
The microphone provides amplification of the speaker’s voice.
Le microphone permet l’amplification de la voix du locuteur.
C1 adjective /ˈæʃən/

ashen

pâle
Meaning
Very pale in appearance, often due to shock, fear, or illness.
Example
His face turned ashen when he heard the terrible news.
Son visage est devenu pâle lorsqu'il a entendu la terrible nouvelle.
C1 noun /ˈæmnəsti/

amnesty

amnistie
Meaning
An official pardon granted to people who have been convicted of political offenses.
Example
The government announced an amnesty for all political prisoners.
Le gouvernement a annoncé une amnistie pour tous les prisonniers politiques.
C1 verb ˌæs.ɚˈteɪn

ascertain

vérifier
Meaning
To find out or discover something with certainty; to verify.
Example
The police tried to ascertain the cause of the accident.
La police a essayé de vérifier la cause de l'accident.
C1 adjective /əˈsɛndənt/

ascendant

ascendant, dominant
Meaning
Rising in power or influence; dominant.
Example
She is an ascendant leader in the political party.
Elle est une leader ascendante dans le parti politique.
C1 adjective /ˈædʒ.aɪl/

agile

rapide et flexible
Meaning
able to move quickly and easily; quick and adaptable in thinking or action
Example
The startup team was agile in responding to market changes.
L'équipe de la startup a été agile en répondant aux changements du marché.
C1 adverb /əˈraɪ/

awry

erroné
Meaning
away from the expected or proper direction; wrong or amiss
Example
The plan went awry when the weather suddenly changed.
Le plan a mal tourné lorsque le temps a soudainement changé.
C1 adjective /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənəl/

aboriginal

aborigène
Meaning
Relating to the original inhabitants of a region.
Example
The museum has a large collection of aboriginal art.
Le musée possède une grande collection d'art aborigène.
C1 noun /ˌæf.ɚˈmeɪ.ʃən/

affirmation

affirmation
Meaning
The action or process of affirming something or being affirmed; emotional support or encouragement.
Example
Daily affirmation of self-worth boosts confidence.
L'affirmation quotidienne de la valeur de soi renforce la confiance.
C1 verb /eɪl/

ail

être malade
Meaning
to be ill or suffer from a physical or mental problem; to trouble or afflict
Example
She has been ailing since last winter.
Elle est malade depuis l’hiver dernier.
C1 noun /ˈælɪɡəri/

allegory

allégorie
Meaning
a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, often moral or political
Example
The novel is an allegory of the struggle between good and evil.
Le roman est une allégorie de la lutte entre le bien et le mal.
C1 noun əˈɡrɛriən səˈsaɪətiz

agrarian societies

sociétés agricoles
Meaning
Societies based on agriculture and farming as the primary economic activity.
Example
Agrarian societies emerged from a need for stable food sources.
Les sociétés agricoles ont émergé d'un besoin de sources alimentaires stables.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪsɪˈmɛtrɪk/

asymmetric

asymétrique
Meaning
Not having equal or corresponding parts; lacking symmetry.
Example
The design of the building is asymmetric and unusual.
Le design du bâtiment est asymétrique et inhabituel.
C1 verb /əbˈzɒlv/

absolve

absoudre
Meaning
to free someone from blame, guilt, or responsibility; to pardon
Example
The priest absolved him of his sins.
Le prêtre l'a absous de ses péchés.
C1 noun ˌæf.ɔːr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən

afforestation

reboisement
Meaning
The action of planting trees on an area of land in order to form a forest.
Example
Afforestation helps restore biodiversity.
Le reboisement aide à restaurer la biodiversité.
C1 adjective /æmˈbɪvələnt/

ambivalent

ambivalent
Meaning
Having mixed or contradictory feelings about something or someone.
Example
She was ambivalent about accepting the new job offer.
Elle était ambivalente à propos d'accepter la nouvelle offre d'emploi.
C1 adjective əsˈtjuːt

astute

astucieux ou perspicace
Meaning
Having or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage.
Example
His astute observations helped solve the complex problem.
Ses observations astucieuses ont aidé à résoudre le problème complexe.
C1 verb /ˈæn.ɛks/

annex

annexer
Meaning
To take control of a territory and add it to one's own.
Example
The empire annexed the neighboring kingdom after the war.
L'empire a annexé le royaume voisin après la guerre.
C1 noun /ˈɑːr.sən.əl/

arsenal

arsenal
Meaning
A collection or storage place for weapons and military equipment.
Example
The army kept its weapons in a secure arsenal.
L'armée a gardé ses armes dans un arsenal sécurisé.