abrade
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN Anglais BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Espagnol FR Français DE Allemand RU Russe ZH Chinois JA Japonais
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
C2 verb /əˈbreɪd/

abrade

usiner par friction
Meaning
to scrape or wear away the surface by friction or erosion
Example
The rough cloth can easily abrade the skin.
Le tissu rugueux peut facilement user la peau.
C2 adjective /eɪˈrɪðmɪk/

arrhythmic

arythmique
Meaning
Lacking a regular rhythm or beat.
Example
The patient had an arrhythmic heartbeat.
Le patient avait un battement de cœur arythmique.
C2 verb /əˈvaʊ/

avow

avouer ouvertement
Meaning
to openly declare or admit something, often publicly and firmly
Example
He avowed his loyalty to the cause without hesitation.
Il avoua sa loyauté à la cause sans hésitation.
C2 adjective /ˈæn.ə.daɪn/

anodyne

inoffensif, analgésique
Meaning
Not likely to cause offense; bland or harmless. Also refers to something that relieves pain.
Example
The speaker’s anodyne remarks avoided controversy.
Les remarques anodines de l'orateur ont évité la controverse.
C2 verb /ˈæmərˌtaɪz/

amortize

amortir
Meaning
To gradually reduce or pay off a debt with regular payments.
Example
They plan to amortize the mortgage over 20 years.
Ils prévoient d'amortir l'hypothèque sur 20 ans.
C2 adjective /æbˈhɔːr.ənt/

Abhorrent

abominable; détestable
Meaning
extremely unpleasant and causing disgust; detestable
Example
The idea of animal cruelty is abhorrent to most people.
L'idée de la cruauté animale est abominable pour la plupart des gens.
C2 adjective /ˈækwɪˌlaɪn/

aquiline

de type bec d'aigle
Meaning
curved like an eagle's beak; hooked
Example
He had an aquiline nose that gave him a distinguished appearance.
Il avait un nez de type bec d'aigle qui lui donnait une apparence distinguée.
C2 adjective /ˌæntɪdəˈluːviən/

antediluvian

désuet
Meaning
extremely old-fashioned; belonging to the time before the biblical flood
Example
His views on women are positively antediluvian.
Ses opinions sur les femmes sont positivement démodées.
C2 noun /ˈɔːtɑːrki/

autarchy

autarcie
Meaning
A system of self-sufficiency where a state or community is economically independent.
Example
The nation attempted autarchy to reduce reliance on imports.
La nation a tenté l'autarcie pour réduire la dépendance aux importations.
C2 verb /ˌæntɪˈsiːd/

antecede

précéder
Meaning
to come before in time or order
Example
A short introduction usually antecedes the main text.
Une courte introduction précède généralement le texte principal.
C2 noun /ˈænɪməs/

animus

hostilité / but
Meaning
A strong feeling of hostility; motivation or purpose behind an action.
Example
His speech was driven by animus against the policy.
Son discours était motivé par l'hostilité envers la politique.
C2 verb /əˈmælɡəmeɪt/

amalgamate

fusionner
Meaning
to combine or unite to form one organization or structure; to merge
Example
The two companies decided to amalgamate their operations.
Les deux entreprises ont décidé de fusionner leurs opérations.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrtɪfɪs/

artifice

artifice
Meaning
clever or cunning devices or tricks used to deceive others
Example
The politician's charm was nothing but artifice.
Le charme du politicien n'était rien d'autre qu'un artifice.
C2 adjective /əˈsɜːrbɪk/

acerbic

acerbe
Meaning
sharp, harsh, or bitter in tone or taste
Example
His acerbic comments offended many people in the meeting.
Ses commentaires acerbes ont offensé de nombreuses personnes lors de la réunion.
C2 noun /ˈɔːɡjʊri/

augury

augure
Meaning
A sign or omen that is believed to predict future events.
Example
The dark clouds were seen as an augury of an approaching storm.
Les nuages sombres étaient vus comme un augure d'une tempête imminente.
C2 noun ˌæɡ.roʊ.iˈkɒl.ə.dʒi

agroecology

agroécologie
Meaning
A scientific discipline that studies agricultural systems by applying ecological concepts and principles.
Example
Agroecology promotes eco-friendly farming.
L'agroécologie favorise l'agriculture écologique.
C2 adjective /əˈɡɒɡ/

agog

Meaning
Highly excited by eagerness, curiosity, or anticipation.
Example
The children were agog with excitement as they waited for the magician to appear.
C2 adjective /ˌænθrəpəˈmɔːrfəs/

anthropomorphous

anthropomorphe
Meaning
having the form or attributes of a human
Example
The statue had an anthropomorphous shape resembling a human.
La statue avait une forme anthropomorphe ressemblant à un humain.
C2 noun /ˈænti/

ante

mise initiale dans un jeu
Meaning
a stake put up by a player in poker or similar games before receiving cards; also used figuratively to mean an initial investment or contribution
Example
Each player placed an ante before the game began.
Chaque joueur a mis un ante avant que le jeu commence.
C2 noun /ˈɛərəˌstæt/

aerostat

aérostat
Meaning
A lighter-than-air craft, such as a balloon, that is lifted by gas.
Example
The military used an aerostat for surveillance over the border.
L'armée a utilisé un aérostat pour la surveillance de la frontière.
C2 adjective /ˌæntɪˈθɛtɪkəl/

antithetical

antithétique
Meaning
Directly opposed or contrasted; mutually incompatible.
Example
His views were antithetical to the values of the organization.
Ses points de vue étaient antithétiques aux valeurs de l'organisation.
C2 noun /əˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/

annunciation

annonce, bonne nouvelle
Meaning
The announcement of something; in Christianity, the announcement by the angel Gabriel to Mary that she would conceive Jesus.
Example
The church celebrated the Feast of the Annunciation with a special service.
L'église a célébré la fête de l'Annonciation avec un service spécial.
C2 adverb /əˈθwɔːrt/

athwart

en travers, en opposition
Meaning
Across or in opposition to something.
Example
A fallen tree lay athwart the road, blocking traffic.
Un arbre tombé était allongé en travers de la route, bloquant la circulation.
C2 noun /ˌæfɛkˈteɪʃən/

affectation

affectation
Meaning
an unnatural behavior or speech intended to impress others
Example
Her British accent was just an affectation to sound sophisticated.
Son accent britannique n'était qu'une affectation destinée à paraître sophistiquée.
C2 noun /əˈsper.ɪ.ti/

asperity

asperité
Meaning
Harshness of tone, manner, or surface.
Example
She spoke with asperity when she was interrupted.
Elle parla avec aspérité lorsqu'elle fut interrompue.
C2 noun /əˈfleɪtəs/

afflatus

inspiration divine
Meaning
a sudden divine inspiration or creative impulse
Example
The poet wrote the verses under a sudden afflatus of inspiration.
Le poète écrivit les vers sous une soudaine inspiration divine.
C2 verb /ˈæntɪdeɪtɪd/

antedated

daté antérieurement
Meaning
assigned to an earlier date than the actual one; happened earlier
Example
The letter was antedated to appear more official.
La lettre a été antidatée pour paraître plus officielle.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrtləsnəs/

artlessness

simplicité, naturel
Meaning
The quality of being natural and simple without deceit or pretension.
Example
Her artlessness made her beloved by all.
Son artlessness la rendait aimée de tous.
C2 noun /ˈæf.ə.rɪ.zəm/

aphorism

aphorisme
Meaning
a short, witty saying that expresses a general truth or principle
Example
He began his speech with an aphorism about life and success.
Il a commencé son discours par un aphorisme sur la vie et le succès.
C2 noun /ˌɔːskʌlˈteɪʃən/

auscultation

auscultation
Meaning
The act of listening to internal sounds of the body, typically using a stethoscope.
Example
The doctor performed auscultation to check the patient’s lungs.
Le médecin a effectué une auscultation pour vérifier les poumons du patient.
C2 adjective /əˈbɔːrtɪv/

abortive

avorté
Meaning
Failing to produce the intended result; unsuccessful.
Example
Their abortive attempt to climb the mountain ended in retreat.
Leur tentative avortée de gravir la montagne s'est terminée par une retraite.
C2 noun /əˈluːviən/

alluvion

alluvion
Meaning
The gradual increase of land by the deposit of soil from water; also, a flood or overflow of water.
Example
The river’s alluvion added new fertile land to the village fields.
L'alluvion de la rivière a ajouté de nouvelles terres fertiles aux champs du village.
C2 noun ˌæɡ.roʊˈiː.koʊˌsɪs.təm

agroecosystem

agrosystème
Meaning
An ecological system centered on agricultural activities and processes.
Example
A healthy agroecosystem improves soil fertility.
Un agroécosystème sain améliore la fertilité du sol.
C2 noun /ˈɔːriˌoʊl/

aureole

auréole
Meaning
A halo or radiance surrounding the head or body, often in religious art.
Example
The painting showed the saint with an aureole around his head.
Le tableau montrait le saint avec une auréole autour de sa tête.
C2 verb /əˈvaʊtʃ/

avouch

affirmer
Meaning
to affirm or assert something as true
Example
He avouched his innocence before the judge.
Il a affirmé son innocence devant le juge.
C2 noun /əˈpɜːrtənənsɪz/

appurtenances

accessoires
Meaning
Additional items or accessories associated with something, often used in a legal or property context.
Example
The house was sold along with all its appurtenances, including the garage and garden.
La maison a été vendue avec tous ses accessoires, y compris le garage et le jardin.
C2 adjective /ˌæpəˈplɛktɪk/

apoplectic

apoplectique
Meaning
Extremely angry; furious.
Example
He was apoplectic when he heard about the unfair decision.
Il était apoplectique lorsqu'il a entendu parler de la décision injuste.
C2 noun /əˈkwɪtəns/

acquittance

quittance
Meaning
a written receipt acknowledging payment or discharge of a debt
Example
He demanded an acquittance after paying the loan.
Il a exigé une quittance après avoir payé le prêt.
C2 verb /əˈdʒʊər/

adjure

adjurer
Meaning
to urge or command someone solemnly, often under oath or a strong sense of duty
Example
The witness was adjured to tell the truth in court.
Le témoin a été adjuré de dire la vérité au tribunal.
C2 noun /ˌæriˈviːst/

arriviste

nouveau riche
Meaning
A person who has recently gained wealth or status but is considered arrogant or socially unsophisticated.
Example
The business world is full of ambitious arrivistes.
Le monde des affaires est rempli d’arrivistes ambitieux.
C2 noun /ˌæpəˈleɪʃən/

appellation

titre / nom
Meaning
a name or title
Example
The city has earned the appellation 'The Big Apple'.
La ville a gagné le titre 'La Grande Pomme'.
C2 adjective /ˈeɪkwiəs/

aqueous

aqueux
Meaning
related to or containing water; watery
Example
The solution was in an aqueous form.
La solution était sous forme aqueuse.
C2 verb /ˈɔːɡər/

augur

augurer
Meaning
To be a sign of something to come; to predict or foretell.
Example
Dark clouds augur a coming storm.
Des nuages sombres augurent une tempête à venir.
C2 noun /əˈmʊr/

amour

amour secret
Meaning
A secret or illicit love affair.
Example
The novel tells the story of a forbidden amour between two characters.
Le roman raconte l'histoire d'un amour interdit entre deux personnages.
C2 verb /ˈæntɪkweɪt/

antiquate

antiquée
Meaning
To make something old-fashioned or obsolete.
Example
The rise of digital cameras antiquated traditional film photography.
L'essor des appareils photo numériques a rendu obsolète la photographie sur film traditionnelle.
C2 noun /əˈspɜːr.ʒən/

aspersion

diffamation
Meaning
An attack on the reputation or integrity of someone.
Example
He cast an aspersion on her character.
Il a jeté une diffamation sur son caractère.
C2 noun /ˌædjʊˈleɪʃən/

adulation

adulation excessive
Meaning
excessive admiration or flattery
Example
The singer enjoyed the adulation of her fans.
La chanteuse a apprécié l'adulation de ses fans.
C2 adjective /ˌæl.ɪˈmen.tər.i/

alimentary

relatif à la digestion
Meaning
relating to nourishment or the organs of digestion
Example
The doctor explained the role of the alimentary canal in digestion.
Le médecin a expliqué le rôle du canal alimentaire dans la digestion.
C2 adverb /əˈskæns/

askance

d'un air méfiant
Meaning
With suspicion, mistrust, or disapproval.
Example
She looked askance at his unusual proposal.
Elle regarda sa proposition étrange d'un air méfiant.
C2 adjective /ɔːˈrɪfərəs/

auriferous

aurifère
Meaning
Containing or producing gold.
Example
The miners discovered an auriferous vein in the mountains.
Les mineurs ont découvert un filon aurifère dans les montagnes.
C2 noun /əˈplɒm/

aplomb

aplomb
Meaning
Complete and confident self-assurance or poise.
Example
She handled the difficult questions with aplomb.
Elle a gere les questions difficiles avec aplomb
C2 noun /əˈbaɪdəns/

abidance

obéissance
Meaning
the act of following, accepting, or complying with something
Example
Her abidance by the rules impressed the committee.
Son obéissance aux règles a impressionné le comité.
C2 noun /ɔːl/

awl

alêne
Meaning
a small pointed tool used for making holes, especially in leather
Example
The cobbler used an awl to punch holes in the leather.
Le cordonnier a utilisé une alêne pour faire des trous dans le cuir.
C2 adjective /ˈæfəbəl/

affable

affable
Meaning
friendly, easy to talk to, and pleasant in manner
Example
He is such an affable host that everyone feels comfortable at his parties.
C'est un hôte tellement affable que tout le monde se sent à l'aise à ses fêtes.
C2 noun /ˌæpəˈzɪʃən/

apposition

apposition (grammaire parallèle)
Meaning
a grammatical construction in which two elements are placed side by side, with one explaining the other
Example
In the phrase 'my friend John,' the word 'John' is in apposition to 'my friend.'
Dans l'expression 'mon ami Jean', le mot 'Jean' est en apposition à 'mon ami'.
C2 adjective /əˈluːsɪv/

allusive

allusif
Meaning
Making indirect references or hints; suggestive without being explicit.
Example
The novel is full of allusive passages that point to classical literature.
Le roman est plein de passages allusifs qui font référence à la littérature classique.
C2 noun /ˈænsɛstrɪs/

ancestress

ancêtre féminine
Meaning
a female ancestor; a woman from whom one is descended
Example
She discovered that her ancestress came from a small village in Bengal.
Elle a découvert que son ancêtre féminine venait d’un petit village du Bengale.
C2 noun /ˈæntɪk/

antic

farce
Meaning
a playful, funny, or silly act or gesture
Example
The children laughed at the clown’s antics.
Les enfants ont ri des farces du clown.
C2 adjective /ˈæsɪnaɪn/

asinine

absurde
Meaning
Extremely foolish or stupid.
Example
It was an asinine idea to drive into the storm without checking the weather.
C'était une idée absurde de conduire dans la tempête sans vérifier la météo.
C2 adjective /əˈdʌltəreɪtɪd/

adulterated

Meaning
describes food, drink, or medicine made weaker or impure by the addition of another substance
Example
Authorities seized adulterated drugs from the warehouse.
C2 adjective /ˌæktʃuˈɛəriəl/

actuarial

actuariel
Meaning
Relating to actuaries or their work of analyzing financial risk and uncertainty, especially in insurance and pensions.
Example
The company relied on actuarial reports to set insurance premiums.
L'entreprise s'est appuyée sur des rapports actuariels pour fixer les primes d'assurance.
C2 noun əˌdʌl.təˈreɪ.ʃən

adulteration

adultération
Meaning
The action of making something poorer in quality by the addition of another substance.
Example
Adulteration of food is a serious health risk.
L'adultération des aliments est un grave risque pour la santé.
C2 noun /ˈænɪməlˌkjuːl/

animalcule

animalcule
Meaning
A microscopic animal, especially a protozoan or other minute organism.
Example
The scientist observed an animalcule moving under the microscope.
Le scientifique a observé un animalcule se déplaçant sous le microscope.
C2 noun /ˈæpəˌθɛm/

apothegm

maxime, dicton
Meaning
A short, witty, and instructive saying or maxim.
Example
His speech was filled with apothegms about life and success.
Son discours était rempli de maximes sur la vie et le succès.
C2 noun /əˈdjuː/

adieu

adieu
Meaning
A farewell or goodbye, often used in a formal or poetic sense.
Example
She bid her friends adieu before leaving for France.
Elle fit ses adieux à ses amis avant de partir pour la France.
C2 noun /əˈnæθəmə/

anathema

anathème / chose détestée
Meaning
something or someone intensely disliked or strongly condemned
Example
Violence is anathema to her peaceful nature.
La violence est un anathème pour sa nature pacifique.
C2 adjective /əˈsiːtɪk/

acetic

acétique
Meaning
relating to or containing acetic acid; sour or vinegary in taste or smell
Example
The acetic smell of vinegar filled the kitchen.
L'odeur acétique du vinaigre a rempli la cuisine.
C2 noun /ˌær.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

arability

arabilité
Meaning
The quality of land being suitable for growing crops.
Example
The arability of land depends on soil quality and water availability.
L'arabilité du sol dépend de la qualité du sol et de la disponibilité de l'eau.
C2 adverb /əˈbæk/

Aback

surpris
Meaning
by surprise; unexpectedly
Example
I was taken aback by his sudden announcement.
J'ai été surpris par son annonce soudaine.
C2 verb /əˈpraɪz/

apprise

informer
Meaning
to inform or notify someone
Example
The manager will apprise the staff of the new policies.
Le responsable informera le personnel des nouvelles politiques.
C2 adjective, adverb /əˈbʌvˌbɔːrd/

aboveboard

Honnête et ouvert
Meaning
Open and honest; without deception or trickery.
Example
The business deal was completely aboveboard.
L'accord commercial était complètement honnête et ouvert.
C2 noun /ˈændaɪərn/

andiron

support en métal pour bois
Meaning
a metal support used in a fireplace to hold logs
Example
The logs rested on the andirons in the old fireplace.
Les bûches reposaient sur les andirons dans l'ancienne cheminée.
C2 verb /əˈdʌltəreɪt/

adulterate

adulterer
Meaning
to make something poorer in quality by adding another substance, usually of lower quality
Example
The company was fined for adulterating its products with cheap chemicals.
L'entreprise a été condamnée à une amende pour avoir adultéré ses produits avec des produits chimiques bon marché.
C2 adjective /əˈskjuː/

askew

de travers
Meaning
Not in a straight or level position; crooked or tilted.
Example
The picture on the wall hung slightly askew.
Le tableau sur le mur était légèrement de travers.
C2 verb /əˈkɒst/

accost

aborder de manière agressive
Meaning
to approach and speak to someone boldly or aggressively
Example
The reporter was accosted by protesters outside the courthouse.
Le reporter a été abordé par des manifestants devant le tribunal.
C2 adjective /ˌæntɪˈmʌndeɪn/

antemundane

avant la création du monde
Meaning
Existing or occurring before the creation of the world.
Example
Some myths speak of an antemundane chaos before order was established.
Certains mythes parlent d'un chaos antémundane avant l'établissement de l'ordre.
C2 noun /əˈpɜːrtənəns/

appurtenance

accessoire / élément supplémentaire
Meaning
an accessory or supplementary part of something
Example
The garage is an appurtenance of the main house.
Le garage est un accessoire de la maison principale.
C2 noun /ˈɔːldərmən/

alderman

membre du conseil municipal
Meaning
An elected member of a municipal council in certain cities and towns.
Example
The alderman proposed a new plan for community parks.
L'adjoint au maire a proposé un nouveau plan pour les parcs communautaires.
C2 adjective /ˌækwiˈɛsənt/

acquiescent

soumis
Meaning
ready to accept something without protest, or to do what someone else wants
Example
He gave an acquiescent smile and agreed to the plan.
Il a souri d'un sourire soumis et a accepté le plan.
C2 adjective /əˈkwɪzətɪv/

acquisitive

Meaning
excessively interested in acquiring money or material things
Example
The acquisitive businessman bought every piece of land he could find.
C2 noun əˈdʒuː.dɪ.kə.tɪv ˈbɒd.i

adjudicative body

organe adjudicatif
Meaning
An official organization that has the authority to judge disputes and make decisions.
Example
The adjudicative body deliberated on the case.
L'organe adjudicatif a délibéré sur le cas.
C2 adjective /ˈæmbjələˌtɔːri/

ambulatory

ambulatoire
Meaning
Relating to or able to walk; relating to outpatient medical care.
Example
The patient is ambulatory and does not require bed rest.
Le patient est ambulatoire et n'a pas besoin de repos au lit.
C2 verb /əˈniːl/

anneal

durcir par la chaleur
Meaning
To heat and cool metal or glass to make it stronger or less brittle.
Example
The blacksmith annealed the steel to improve its durability.
Le forgeron a anilé l'acier pour améliorer sa durabilité.
C2 verb /əˈdjuːs/

adduce

présenter des preuves ou des raisons
Meaning
To provide evidence or reasons to support an argument or idea.
Example
The lawyer adduced several examples to support his case.
L'avocat a adduit plusieurs exemples pour soutenir son cas.
C2 noun /ˈæntɪfɒn/

antiphon

antienne
Meaning
a short chant or verse sung responsively in Christian worship, typically sung before or after a psalm or canticle
Example
The choir sang the antiphon before beginning the main hymn.
Le chœur a chanté l'antienne avant de commencer l'hymne principal.
C2 noun /əˈrɪə/

arrear

arriéré
Meaning
A debt or payment that is overdue and unpaid.
Example
He was sued for an arrear of rent.
Il a été poursuivi pour un arriéré de loyer.
C2 adjective /ˈæpəˌleɪt/

appellate

relatif aux appels
Meaning
relating to appeals in a court of law
Example
The case was taken to an appellate court.
L'affaire a été portée devant un tribunal d'appel.
C2 verb /ænˈtɪpəθaɪz/

antipathize

antipathiser
Meaning
to feel or express a strong dislike or aversion toward something or someone
Example
He seemed to antipathize with the new management's approach.
Il semblait antipathiser avec l'approche de la nouvelle direction.
C2 adjective /əˈɡeɪp/ or /əˈɡɑːp/

agape

bouche bée
Meaning
With the mouth wide open in surprise or wonder.
Example
She stood agape at the breathtaking view.
Elle resta bouche bée devant la vue à couper le souffle.
C2 noun /ˌæŋɡləˈfoʊbiə/

anglophobia

anglophobie
Meaning
Dislike or fear of England, English people, or English culture.
Example
The politician was accused of promoting Anglophobia in his speeches.
Le politicien a été accusé de promouvoir l'anglophobie dans ses discours.
C2 verb /əˈkuːtə/

accoutre

accoutrer
Meaning
to dress or equip, especially in something impressive or elaborate
Example
The knight was accoutred in shining armor.
Le chevalier était accoutré en armure brillante.
C2 noun /əˈbeɪəns/

abeyance

suspension temporaire
Meaning
a state of temporary suspension or inactivity
Example
The project was held in abeyance until funds became available.
Le projet a été suspendu jusqu'à ce que les fonds deviennent disponibles.
C2 adverb /əˈsɪdʒuəsli/

assiduously

assidûment
Meaning
with great care and persistence
Example
He worked assiduously to complete the project before the deadline.
Il a travaillé assidûment pour terminer le projet avant la date limite.
C2 verb /ˈæbrəɡeɪt/

abrogate

abroger
Meaning
To formally repeal, cancel, or abolish a law, agreement, or custom.
Example
The government decided to abrogate the outdated treaty.
Le gouvernement a décidé d'abroger le traité obsolète.
C2 noun /ˈɛəri/

aerie

nid d'aigle
Meaning
A large nest of a bird of prey, especially an eagle, typically built high in a tree or on a cliff.
Example
The eagle built its aerie on the high cliff.
L'aigle a construit son nid sur la haute falaise
C2 adverb /əˈsʌndər/

asunder

en morceaux
Meaning
into separate parts; apart
Example
The ancient empire was torn asunder by war.
L'empire ancien a été déchiré en morceaux par la guerre.
C2 verb /əˈdʒʌdʒ/

adjudge

juger
Meaning
to consider or declare officially in a legal or formal manner
Example
He was adjudged guilty by the court.
Il a été déclaré coupable par le tribunal.
C2 noun /əˈfreɪ/

affray

bagarre publique
Meaning
A public fight or noisy disturbance that causes alarm.
Example
The police were called to break up an affray outside the stadium.
La police a été appelée pour arrêter une altercation à l'extérieur du stade.
C2 verb /əˈkriːt/

accrete

accumuler
Meaning
to grow or increase gradually by accumulation or addition
Example
Dust particles accrete over time to form larger celestial bodies.
Les particules de poussière s'accumulent avec le temps pour former des corps célestes plus grands.
C2 verb /ˈæpɪtaɪz/

appetize

stimuler l’appétit
Meaning
to stimulate the appetite; to make someone eager or interested
Example
The aroma of fresh bread will appetize the guests before dinner.
L’odeur du pain frais va stimuler l’appétit des invités.
C2 verb /əˈɡrɛs/

aggress

agresser
Meaning
to initiate an attack or show hostile behavior
Example
The army chose not to aggress without provocation.
L'armée a choisi de ne pas agresser sans provocation.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrbər/

arbor

abri ombragé formé par des arbres ou des plantes grimpantes
Meaning
a shady garden shelter formed by trees, climbing plants, or latticework
Example
They rested under the arbor covered with roses.
Ils se reposaient sous l'arbor couvert de roses.
C2 noun /əˈdʌltərənt/

adulterant

adulterant
Meaning
a substance added to something else, often food or drink, to reduce its quality or strength
Example
The laboratory found an adulterant in the milk samples.
Le laboratoire a trouvé un adulterant dans les échantillons de lait.
C2 verb /əˈɡlɒməˌreɪt/

agglomerate

agglomérer
Meaning
To collect or form into a mass or group.
Example
The dust particles began to agglomerate into larger clusters.
Les particules de poussière ont commencé à s'agglomérer en grands amas.
C2 verb /ˈæd.l̩/

addle

embrouiller
Meaning
To confuse or muddle someone’s mind.
Example
The complicated instructions only served to addle him.
Les instructions compliquées n'ont servi qu'à le rendre confus.
C2 verb /əˈleɪ/

allay

apaiser
Meaning
to reduce the intensity of fear, worry, or pain; to calm
Example
The teacher tried to allay the students’ fears before the exam.
L'enseignant a essayé de calmer les peurs des élèves avant l'examen.
C2 noun /ˈeɪ.viˌɛr.i/

aviary

volière
Meaning
a large enclosure for keeping birds
Example
The zoo built a new aviary for exotic parrots.
Le zoo a construit une nouvelle volière pour les perroquets exotiques.
C2 noun /ˈiːdʒɪs/

aegis

protection
Meaning
The protection, backing, or support of a particular person or organization.
Example
The project was carried out under the aegis of the United Nations.
Le projet a été réalisé sous l'égide des Nations Unies.
C2 noun /ˈæstər/

Aster

fleur d'aster
Meaning
a flowering plant with daisy-like flowers that typically bloom in fall
Example
The purple asters bloomed beautifully in the autumn garden.
Les asters violets ont fleuri magnifiquement dans le jardin d'automne.
C2 noun /ˈætəvɪzəm/

atavism

atavisme
Meaning
The recurrence of traits or characteristics from a remote ancestor.
Example
The scientist noted atavism in the child’s physical features.
Le scientifique a noté de l'atavisme dans les caractéristiques physiques de l'enfant.
C2 noun ˌæɡ.roʊˈfɔːr.ɪ.stri

agroforestry

agroforesterie
Meaning
A land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland.
Example
Agroforestry improves soil quality and crop yield.
L'agroforesterie améliore la qualité du sol et le rendement des cultures.
C2 verb /əˈbæʃ/

abash

déconcerter
Meaning
to make someone feel embarrassed or ashamed
Example
Her sudden question seemed to abash him.
Sa question soudaine semblait le déstabiliser.
C2 noun /ˌæd.ʌmˈbreɪ.ʃən/

adumbration

présage vague
Meaning
a vague foreshadowing or symbolic representation of something
Example
The play offers an adumbration of the political unrest to come.
La pièce offre un présage vague du malaise politique à venir.
C2 noun /ˌæntɪˈtɒksɪn/

antitoxin

antitoxine
Meaning
A substance that neutralizes a specific toxin in the body.
Example
The doctor administered an antitoxin to counter the snake venom.
Le médecin a administré une antitoxine pour contrer le venin de serpent.
C2 verb /əˈfaɪəns/

affiance

fiancer
Meaning
to promise or pledge marriage; to formally engage
Example
They decided to affiance after years of friendship.
Ils ont décidé de se fiancer après des années d’amitié.
C2 adjective /ˌænθrəpəˈmɔːrfɪk/

anthropomorphic

anthropomorphique
Meaning
attributing human characteristics to non-human things, like animals or objects
Example
The cartoon shows an anthropomorphic cat walking on two legs.
Le dessin animé montre un chat anthropomorphique marchant sur deux pattes.
C2 noun /əˈpɒθəˌkɛri/

apothecary

apothicaire
Meaning
A historical term for a person who prepared and sold medicines and drugs.
Example
The village apothecary provided remedies for many common illnesses.
L'apothicaire du village a fourni des remèdes pour de nombreuses maladies courantes.
C2 verb /əˈsɛvəˌreɪt/

asseverate

affirmer
Meaning
to affirm or declare positively and earnestly
Example
He asseverated that he had never seen the man before.
Il a affirmé qu'il n'avait jamais vu l'homme avant.
C2 noun, verb /əˈfrʌnt/

affront

affront
Meaning
An action or remark that causes outrage or offense.
Example
He took her criticism as a personal affront.
Il a pris sa critique comme un affront personnel.
C2 noun /əˈvɪdəti/

avidity

avidité
Meaning
extreme eagerness or enthusiasm
Example
He accepted the offer with avidity.
Il a accepté l'offre avec avidité.
C2 noun /əˈɡrɒnəmi/

agronomy

Agronomie
Meaning
The science and practice of soil management and crop production, focusing on the principles of plant and soil science to optimize agricultural productivity.
Example
Agronomy focuses on soil management and crop production.
L'agronomie se concentre sur la gestion des sols et la production de cultures.