surly
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C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrli/

surly

gruñón
Meaning
bad-tempered and unfriendly
Example
The waiter gave us a surly look when we asked for more water.
El camarero nos miró de forma gruñona cuando pedimos más agua.
C1 adjective /ˈstɪndʒi/

stingy

tacaño
Meaning
unwilling to spend or give; miserly
Example
He is too stingy to buy a gift for his friend.
Es demasiado tacaño para comprar un regalo para su amigo.
C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.vər.i/

savory

sabroso (salado o picante)
Meaning
Having a pleasant salty or spicy taste; morally acceptable.
Example
The restaurant serves a variety of savory dishes.
El restaurante sirve una variedad de platos sabrosos.
C1 adjective /ˈsæljʊˌtɛri/

salutary

saludable
Meaning
Producing good effects; beneficial, especially after something unpleasant.
Example
The accident was a salutary reminder to drive carefully.
El accidente fue un recordatorio saludable de conducir con cuidado.
C1 verb sɪˈkwɛstər

sequester

aislar, esconder
Meaning
To isolate or hide away.
Example
The carbon captured by trees can be sequestered for years.
El carbono capturado por los árboles puede ser aislado durante años.
C1 adjective /ˈspraɪtli/

sprightly

vivaz
Meaning
full of energy and life; lively
Example
The sprightly old man danced with joy at the wedding.
El hombre vivaz bailó con alegría en la boda.
C1 adjective /səbˈvɜːrsɪv/

subversive

subversivo
Meaning
seeking or intended to undermine or overthrow an established system or authority
Example
The group was banned for its subversive activities.
El grupo fue prohibido por sus actividades subversivas.
C1 verb /ˈsʌkɪŋ/

sucking

chupar
Meaning
Drawing in a liquid, air, or other substance through the mouth or a tube by creating a vacuum; also used figuratively for something unpleasant or ineffective
Example
The baby is sucking on a pacifier.
El bebé está chupando un chupete.
C1 adjective /ˈsɛreɪtɪd/

serrated

dentado
Meaning
Having a notched or saw-toothed edge.
Example
The bread knife had a serrated blade.
El cuchillo de pan tenía una hoja dentada.
C1 adjective /suːˈpɜːrlətɪv/

superlative

superlativo
Meaning
Of the highest quality or degree; expressing the extreme form of an adjective or adverb.
Example
Her performance was superlative, earning her a standing ovation.
Su desempeño fue superlativo, ganándose una ovación de pie.
C1 noun /ˈsɒnɪt/

sonnet

soneto
Meaning
A poem of 14 lines using formal rhyme schemes, often about love.
Example
Shakespeare wrote many famous sonnets about love and beauty.
Shakespeare escribió muchos sonetos famosos sobre el amor y la belleza.
C1 adjective /ˈspʌndʒi/

Spongy

esponjoso
Meaning
soft and full of holes like a sponge; porous
Example
The cake had a light and spongy texture.
El pastel tenía una textura ligera y esponjosa.
C1 adjective /ˌsekənd ˈreɪt/

second-rate

de segunda categoría
Meaning
Of mediocre or inferior quality.
Example
The movie was entertaining but clearly second-rate compared to the original.
La película fue entretenida, pero claramente de segunda categoría en comparación con la original.
C1 noun /ˈstændˌstɪl/

standstill

paro
Meaning
a situation in which all movement or activity stops
Example
The traffic came to a standstill after the accident.
El tráfico llegó a un paro después del accidente.
C1 noun /səˈvænə/

savanna

sabana (con árboles dispersos)
Meaning
a grassy plain with scattered trees, typical of tropical and subtropical regions
Example
Giraffes browsed on acacia trees across the wide savanna.
Las jirafas pastaban en los árboles de acacia a través de la amplia sabana.
C1 adjective ˈsɒvrɪn

sovereign

soberano, supremo
Meaning
Possessing supreme or ultimate power; independent.
Example
The sovereign government has control over its currency.
El gobierno soberano tiene control sobre su moneda.
C1 verb /səˈlɪsɪt/

solicit

solicitar
Meaning
to ask for or try to obtain something from someone
Example
The charity is soliciting donations for flood victims.
La caridad está solicitando donaciones para las víctimas de las inundaciones.
C1 noun /ˌsɑːrdʒənt ˈmeɪdʒər/

sergeant-major

sargento-mayor
Meaning
A senior non-commissioned officer in the army responsible for discipline and administration within a unit.
Example
The sergeant-major inspected the troops before the parade.
El sargento-mayor inspeccionó a las tropas antes del desfile.
C1 noun /səˈlɪləkwi/

soliloquy

monólogo
Meaning
a speech in which a character talks to themselves, often used in drama to reveal inner thoughts
Example
Hamlet's soliloquy is one of the most famous passages in Shakespearean drama.
El monólogo de Hamlet es uno de los pasajes más famosos del drama shakesperiano.
C1 adjective /ˈskwiːmɪʃ/

squeamish

fácilmente propenso a sentirse enfermo, mareado o disgustado
Meaning
easily made to feel sick, faint, or disgusted
Example
She felt squeamish at the sight of blood.
Se sintió mareada al ver sangre.
C1 adjective /ˈskeɪ.li/

Scaly

escamoso
Meaning
covered with scales; having a rough surface like scales
Example
The fish has scaly skin.
El pez tiene la piel escamosa.
C1 verb /səbˈmɜːrdʒ/

submerge

sumergir
Meaning
to put under water or cover with liquid
Example
The floodwaters threatened to submerge the village.
Las aguas de la inundación amenazaron con sumergir el pueblo.
C1 verb /snɪp/

snip

cortar
Meaning
to cut something quickly with scissors or a sharp tool
Example
She snipped the loose thread from her dress.
Ella cortó el hilo suelto de su vestido.
C1 verb /slaʊtʃ/

slouch

encorvarse
Meaning
To stand, sit, or move in a lazy or awkward way.
Example
He slouched in the chair, looking tired.
Se encorvó en la silla, luciendo cansado.
C1 noun /ˈskɛptɪk/

skeptic

escéptico
Meaning
A person who doubts or questions accepted beliefs or claims.
Example
The scientist was a skeptic of theories without solid evidence.
El científico era escéptico de las teorías sin evidencia sólida.
C1 noun /saɪð/

scythe

hoz
Meaning
A tool with a long curved blade used for cutting grass or grain.
Example
The farmer sharpened his scythe before harvesting the wheat.
El agricultor afiló su hoz antes de cosechar el trigo.
C1 adjective /steɪd/

staid

serio, respetable
Meaning
Serious, respectable, and unadventurous.
Example
He came from a staid family background.
Él vino de una familia seria.
C1 noun /ˈspɛkjʊˌleɪtər/

speculator

especulador
Meaning
A person who forms theories without evidence, or invests in assets hoping for profit.
Example
The real estate speculator bought land hoping its value would rise.
El especulador de bienes raíces compró tierras con la esperanza de que su valor aumentaría.
C1 adjective /ˈsiːzənəbəl/

Seasonable

estacional
Meaning
occurring at the right time; appropriate for the season; timely
Example
The seasonable rain helped the farmers with their crops.
La lluvia estacional ayudó a los agricultores con sus cultivos.
C1 verb ˈsɪn.ɚ.dʒaɪz

synergize

sinergizar, combinar de manera que aumente la efectividad.
Meaning
combine in such a way as to enhance effectiveness.
Example
The departments must synergize to improve efficiency.
Los departamentos deben sinergizar para mejorar la eficiencia.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌl.ki/

Sulky

malhumorado y taciturno; temperamental
Meaning
bad-tempered and sullen; moody
Example
The child became sulky when he couldn't get his favorite toy.
El niño se puso malhumorado cuando no pudo conseguir su juguete favorito.
C1 adjective /ˈsɛptɪk/

septic

infectado
Meaning
Infected with harmful bacteria; relating to or causing infection.
Example
The doctor treated the patient's septic wound immediately.
El doctor trató la herida séptica del paciente de inmediato.
C1 noun /ˈsed.ɪ.mənt/

Sediment

sedimento
Meaning
matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; particles deposited by water or wind
Example
The river carried sediment downstream during the flood.
El río llevó sedimento río abajo durante la inundación.
C1 verb /spɜːrn/

spurn

rechazar con desdén
Meaning
To reject something or someone with disdain or contempt.
Example
She spurned his offer of help.
Ella rechazó su oferta de ayuda con desdén.
C1 verb /ˌsuːpərˈsiːd/

supersede

reemplazar
Meaning
To replace or take the place of something because it is more modern or effective.
Example
This new law will supersede the old regulations.
Esta nueva ley reemplazará las viejas regulaciones.
C1 verb, noun /spraʊt/

sprout

brotar
Meaning
to begin to grow; to produce new leaves or shoots
Example
The seeds began to sprout after a few days of rain.
Las semillas comenzaron a brotar después de unos días de lluvia.
C1 verb /siːð/

seethe

hirviendo de rabia
Meaning
To be filled with intense but unexpressed anger or agitation.
Example
She was seething with anger after the unfair decision.
Ella estaba hirviendo de rabia después de la decisión injusta.
C1 noun, adjective, verb /səˈbɔːrdənət/ (noun/adjective), /səˈbɔːrdəˌneɪt/ (verb)

subordinate

subordinado
Meaning
lower in rank or position; to treat as less important
Example
He manages ten subordinates in his department.
Él gestiona diez subordinados en su departamento.
C1 noun /səˈbraɪəti/

sobriety

sobriedad
Meaning
the state of being sober; self-restraint and seriousness
Example
He has maintained his sobriety for five years.
Ha mantenido su sobriedad durante cinco años.
C1 verb /səbˈsaɪd/

subside

disminuir
Meaning
to become less intense, violent, or severe; to sink or fall to a lower level
Example
After the storm, the floodwaters began to subside.
Después de la tormenta, las aguas de la inundación comenzaron a disminuir.
C1 verb /səˈplænt/

supplant

suplantar
Meaning
To take the place of something or someone, often by force or strategy.
Example
Digital platforms have supplanted traditional newspapers.
Las plataformas digitales han suplantado a los periódicos tradicionales.
C1 verb/noun /skɒtʃ/

scotch

poner fin / whisky escocés
Meaning
to put an end to something; also a type of whisky
Example
The report scotched the rumors of a merger.
El informe puso fin a los rumores sobre una fusión.
C1 noun ˈsɪn.tæks

syntax

sintaxis
Meaning
The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.
Example
Programming languages follow strict syntax rules.
Los lenguajes de programación siguen estrictas reglas de sintaxis.
C1 noun /ˈstjuːpər/

stupor

estupor
Meaning
a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility
Example
He remained in a stupor after hearing the shocking news.
Él permaneció en un estupor después de escuchar la noticia impactante.
C1 noun /ʃoʊl/

shoal

cardumen
Meaning
a large group of fish swimming together; a shallow place in water
Example
We saw a shoal of fish near the coast.
Vimos un cardumen de peces cerca de la costa.
C1 verb /sɪˈdjuːs/

seduce

seducir
Meaning
to attract someone into doing something, especially something they might not normally do
Example
The advertisement was designed to seduce customers into buying luxury products.
El anuncio estaba diseñado para seducir a los clientes a comprar productos de lujo.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɑːdi/

shoddy

de mala calidad
Meaning
badly made or done; of poor quality
Example
The contractor did a shoddy job on the repairs.
El contratista hizo un trabajo de mala calidad en las reparaciones.
C1 noun /ˈstoʊəˌweɪ/

stowaway

polizón
Meaning
A person who hides on a ship, plane, or other vehicle in order to travel secretly without paying.
Example
The crew discovered a stowaway hiding in the cargo hold.
La tripulación descubrió un polizón escondido en el compartimento de carga.
C1 noun /ˈsæl.mən fɪʃ / ˈroʊ.huː/

Salmon fish / Rohu

pescado Rohu
Meaning
a freshwater fish popular in South Asian cuisine; also refers to salmon which is a different species
Example
Rohu fish is commonly prepared with spices in Bengali households.
El pescado Rohu se prepara comúnmente con especias en los hogares bengalíes.
C1 adjective /ˈsɛn.sər.i/

sensory

sensorial
Meaning
Related to the five human senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell).
Example
Sensory feedback enhances the VR experience.
La retroalimentación sensorial mejora la experiencia de VR.
C1 verb /səbˈdjuː/

subdue

someter
Meaning
To bring under control, especially by force; to overcome or quiet.
Example
The army was able to subdue the rebellion quickly.
El ejército pudo someter la rebelión rápidamente.
C1 verb, noun /sæp/

sap

savia / agotar
Meaning
As a noun: the vital fluid in plants; As a verb: to gradually weaken or drain strength.
Example
The long journey began to sap his energy.
El largo viaje comenzó a agotar su energía.
C1 adjective ˌsɪn.əˈdʒɪs.tɪk

synergistic

sinérgico
Meaning
Relating to the interaction of elements that when combined produce a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects.
Example
A synergistic effect occurs when nutrients work together.
Un efecto sinérgico ocurre cuando los nutrientes trabajan juntos.
C1 noun /ˈsɔːrsəri/

sorcery

hechicería
Meaning
the use of magical powers, especially through spells and enchantments
Example
The villagers believed the illness was caused by sorcery.
Los aldeanos creían que la enfermedad fue causada por hechicería.
C1 noun /ˈstreɪnər/

Strainer

colador
Meaning
a device having holes punched in it or made of crossed wires for separating solid matter from a liquid
Example
Use a strainer to drain the pasta water.
Usa un colador para drenar el agua de la pasta.
C1 adjective /ˈskɪtɪʃ/

skittish

nervioso
Meaning
easily frightened or nervous; unpredictable
Example
The horse was too skittish to ride.
El caballo estaba demasiado nervioso para montar.
C1 noun /sɪlk klɔːθ/

Silk cloth

tela de seda
Meaning
fabric made from natural fibers produced by silkworms
Example
The bride wore a beautiful dress made of silk cloth.
La novia llevaba un hermoso vestido hecho de tela de seda.
C1 adjective /sɪmˈfɒnɪk/

symphonic

sinfónico
Meaning
relating to or having the character of a symphony or symphony orchestra
Example
The concert featured a symphonic masterpiece.
El concierto presentó una obra maestra sinfónica.
C1 noun /skwɔːl/

squall

ráfaga
Meaning
a sudden violent gust of wind, often accompanied by rain, snow, or sleet
Example
A sudden squall caught the sailors off guard.
Una ráfaga repentina sorprendió a los marineros.
C1 verb /sleɪ/

slay

matar
Meaning
to kill violently; informally, to impress greatly
Example
The hero vowed to slay the dragon.
El héroe juró matar al dragón.
C1 noun /ˈʃʊɡ.ər ˈkæn.di/

Sugar candy

caramelo de azúcar
Meaning
crystallized sugar formed into small pieces; rock candy made from sugar syrup
Example
The children enjoyed eating colorful sugar candy at the festival.
Los niños disfrutaron comer dulces de azúcar coloridos en el festival.
C1 adjective /suːˈpɜːr.flu.əs/

superfluous

superfluo
Meaning
Unnecessary, especially through being more than enough.
Example
His speech contained too many superfluous details.
Su discurso contenía demasiados detalles superfluos.
C1 adjective /ˈspɑːrtn/

spartan

espartano
Meaning
showing simplicity and lack of luxury; austere
Example
He lived in a spartan room with just a bed and a chair.
Vivió en una habitación espartana con solo una cama y una silla.
C1 noun /ˈsɛmbləns/

Semblance

semblanza; apariencia
Meaning
the outward appearance or apparent form of something, especially when the reality is different
Example
There was only a semblance of order in the chaotic office.
Solo había una semblanza de orden en la oficina caótica
C1 noun /ˈsɜːr.vɪ.tuːd/

Servitude

servidumbre
Meaning
the state of being a slave or completely subject to someone more powerful
Example
Many people fought to escape the servitude imposed by the colonial system.
Muchas personas lucharon por escapar de la servidumbre impuesta por el sistema colonial.
C1 noun /sɪr/

seer

vidente
Meaning
A person who is supposed to be able to see what will happen in the future; a prophet.
Example
The seer predicted a great change in the kingdom.
El vidente predijo un gran cambio en el reino.
C1 adjective /ˈstɔːlwərt/

stalwart

firme, leal
Meaning
Loyal, reliable, and hardworking; strongly built or sturdy.
Example
She has always been a stalwart supporter of the community.
Ella siempre ha sido una firme defensora de la comunidad.
C1 adjective /səbˈsɜːviənt/

subservient

subserviente
Meaning
prepared to obey others unquestioningly; less important than something else
Example
She was too subservient to challenge his decision.
Ella era demasiado sumisa para desafiar su decisión.
C1 noun /sɪˈnɪləti/

senility

senilidad
Meaning
The state of being old and showing the weaknesses of age, especially mental decline.
Example
His forgetfulness was attributed to senility.
Su olvido fue atribuido a la senilidad.
C1 adjective /ˈskɔːrnfəl/

Scornful

despectivo
Meaning
showing contempt or disdain; expressing scorn
Example
She gave him a scornful look when he made the rude comment.
Ella le dio una mirada desdeñosa cuando hizo el comentario grosero.
C1 adjective /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

subterranean

subterráneo
Meaning
Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.
Example
Subterranean water sources help sustain agriculture.
Las fuentes de agua subterráneas ayudan a sostener la agricultura.
C1 adjective /stjuːˈpɛndəs/

stupendous

asombroso
Meaning
extremely impressive; amazing in size, degree, or excellence
Example
The magician’s performance was simply stupendous.
La actuación del mago fue simplemente asombrosa.
C1 adjective /ˈspeɪʃəl/

spatial

espacial
Meaning
relating to space or the position, area, and size of things
Example
The scientist studied the spatial arrangement of stars.
El científico estudió la disposición espacial de las estrellas.
C1 noun /səˈprɛʃən/

suppression

supresión
Meaning
the act of forcibly stopping something or holding back feelings or actions
Example
The suppression of free speech led to protests.
La supresión de la libertad de expresión llevó a protestas.
C1 noun ˈstræt.ə.sfɪər

stratosphere

estratósfera
Meaning
The layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 50 km above the earth's surface.
Example
The stratosphere provides a unique environment.
La estratósfera proporciona un entorno único.
C1 adjective /sɔɪld/

soiled

sucio
Meaning
dirty or stained; not clean
Example
His clothes were soiled after playing in the mud.
Su ropa estaba sucia después de jugar en el barro.
C1 noun /strəˈtiː.dʒɪk ˈɪn.saɪts/

strategic insights

perspectivas estratégicas
Meaning
Deep understanding and wisdom gained through careful analysis for planning purposes.
Example
Strategic insights guide policymaking.
Las perspectivas estratégicas guían la toma de decisiones políticas.
C1 adverb spɒnˈteɪnɪəsli

spontaneously

espontáneamente
Meaning
In a spontaneous way; naturally and without planning or external cause.
Example
Children learn spontaneously through peer interactions.
Los niños aprenden espontáneamente a través de interacciones entre compañeros.
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrpənˌtiːn/

serpentine

serpenteante
Meaning
Having the shape, movement, or qualities of a serpent; winding or twisting.
Example
The road took a serpentine path through the mountains.
El camino tomaba una ruta serpenteante a través de las montañas.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈsiːzənd/

seasoned

experimentado / sazonado
Meaning
Experienced in a particular activity; also, flavored with spices.
Example
She is a seasoned teacher with over 20 years of experience.
Ella es una maestra experimentada con más de 20 años de experiencia.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪm.jʊ.leɪ.tɪd/

simulated

simulado
Meaning
Artificially created to look real but not actually real.
Example
The pilot trained in a simulated flight environment.
El piloto entrenó en un ambiente de vuelo simulado.
C1 adjective /ˈsɔːsi/

saucy

atrevido
Meaning
Boldly rude, cheeky, or playfully disrespectful.
Example
The child gave a saucy reply to his teacher.
El niño dio una respuesta atrevida a su maestro.
C1 adjective səˈblaɪm

sublime

sublime, grandioso, majestuoso
Meaning
Of such excellence, grandeur, or beauty as to inspire great admiration or awe.
Example
The sublime beauty of the mountain landscape took my breath away.
La sublime belleza del paisaje montañoso me dejó sin aliento.
C1 noun /ˈsteɪ.ʃən.ər/

Stationer

papelería
Meaning
a person who sells paper, pens, pencils, and other office supplies
Example
The stationer recommended the best pens for writing exams.
El estacionista recomendó los mejores bolígrafos para los exámenes.
C1 adjective /səbˈdʒɛktɪv/

subjective

subjetivo
Meaning
based on personal feelings, tastes, or opinions rather than facts
Example
Beauty is often considered a subjective concept.
La belleza a menudo se considera un concepto subjetivo.
C1 verb /ˈʃrɪvəl/

shrivel

arrugar
Meaning
To become dry, wrinkled, and smaller due to lack of moisture.
Example
The flowers shriveled under the hot sun.
Las flores se arrugaron bajo el sol caliente.
C1 /ʃrɛd/

shred

triturar
Meaning
to tear or cut something into small pieces
Example
She shredded the old documents before throwing them away.
Ella trituró los viejos documentos antes de tirarlos.
C1 adjective /ˈsnɒbɪʃ/

snobbish

presuntuoso
Meaning
having or showing the attitude of people who think they are better than others
Example
She seemed snobbish because she avoided talking to the waiters.
Ella parecía presuntuosa porque evitó hablar con los camareros.
C1 verb /ʃraʊd/

shroud

envolver
Meaning
to cover or hide; to wrap in cloth
Example
The mountain peak was shrouded in mist.
La cima de la montaña estaba envuelta en niebla.
C1 noun /sɔːd fɪʃ/

Sword fish

pez espada
Meaning
A large marine fish with an elongated bill resembling a sword
Example
The swordfish can swim at speeds up to 60 mph.
El pez espada puede nadar a velocidades de hasta 60 mph.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌltri/

sultry

caluroso y húmedo, atractivo
Meaning
Uncomfortably hot and humid; also describes someone attractive in a passionate or sensual way.
Example
The sultry weather made it hard to focus on work.
El clima caluroso y húmedo dificultaba concentrarse en el trabajo.
C1 noun /speɪt/

spate

oleada
Meaning
a large number of things occurring in quick succession
Example
There has been a spate of robberies in the city.
Ha habido una oleada de robos en la ciudad.
C1 noun /ˌsəʊʃəˈbɪləti/

sociability

sociabilidad
Meaning
The quality or state of being sociable; friendliness.
Example
Her sociability made her popular in the office.
Su sociabilidad la hizo popular en la oficina.
C1 adjective /ˈskrɔːni/

scrawny

flaco
Meaning
very thin and bony, often looking unhealthy
Example
The scrawny boy could barely lift the heavy bag.
El chico flaco apenas podía levantar la bolsa pesada.
C1 noun ˈsɒv.rɪn.ti

sovereignty

soberanía
Meaning
The authority of a state to govern itself or another state; supreme power or authority.
Example
Sovereignty is essential for a nation's identity.
La soberanía es esencial para la identidad de una nación.
C1 verb /sɪndʒ/

singe

quemar ligeramente
Meaning
To burn something superficially or lightly, especially at the edges.
Example
The fire singed his eyebrows.
El fuego le quemó las cejas.
C1 adjective /ˈstɪltɪd/

stilted

artificial, forzado
Meaning
Speech or writing that is stiff, unnatural, or overly formal.
Example
His speech sounded stilted and rehearsed.
Su discurso sonaba forzado y ensayado.
C1 noun /ˈsæŋk.ʃən/

Sanction

sanción
Meaning
official permission or approval; a penalty for disobeying a rule
Example
The government imposed economic sanctions on the country.
El gobierno impuso sanciones económicas al país.
C1 noun /stɪˈlɛtoʊ/

stiletto

zapato de tacón delgado / daga
Meaning
A small, thin, high-heeled shoe or a dagger with a slender blade.
Example
She wore elegant stiletto heels to the party.
Ella llevaba unos elegantes tacones stilettos a la fiesta.
C1 noun /səˈlaɪ.və/

Saliva

saliva
Meaning
the watery liquid secreted into the mouth by glands
Example
The dentist asked her to rinse the saliva from her mouth.
El dentista le pidió que enjuagara la saliva de su boca.
C1 verb /ˈslækən/

slacken

aflojar
Meaning
to make or become less tight, less active, or slower
Example
The driver slackened his speed as he approached the village.
El conductor redujo su velocidad al acercarse al pueblo.
C1 verb /ˈsaɪdˌstɛp/

sidestep

eludir
Meaning
To avoid something by stepping aside; to evade a problem or question indirectly.
Example
The politician tried to sidestep the difficult question.
El político intentó eludir la difícil pregunta.
C1 verb /ʃʌnt/

shunt

desviar
Meaning
to move or turn aside; to push or divert from one track to another
Example
The train was shunted onto a different track.
El tren fue desviado a otra vía.
C1 adjective /sɪər/

Sear

marchito; seco; quemado
Meaning
withered; dried up; burned or scorched
Example
The sear leaves fell from the trees in autumn.
Las hojas secas cayeron de los árboles en otoño.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌn.dri/

sundry

diverso
Meaning
Various or miscellaneous.
Example
The shop sells fruits, clothes, and sundry items.
La tienda vende frutas, ropa y varios artículos.
C1 verb /spɔːn/

spawn

generar
Meaning
to produce or generate, often in large numbers
Example
The video game has spawned many sequels.
El videojuego ha generado muchas secuelas.
C1 noun /ˈstaɪpend/

Stipend

subsidio
Meaning
a fixed regular sum paid as a salary or allowance
Example
The research student receives a monthly stipend for living expenses.
El estudiante de investigación recibe un estipendio mensual para sus gastos de vida.
C1 noun /səˈsteɪnəbl ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃər/

sustainable agriculture

agricultura sostenible
Meaning
Farming practices that meet current food needs while preserving environmental resources and maintaining the ability to produce food for future generations through ecologically sound methods.
Example
Sustainable agriculture practices protect the environment while ensuring food security.
Las prácticas de agricultura sostenible protegen el medio ambiente mientras garantizan la seguridad alimentaria.
C1 noun /ˈsuːtər/

suitor

pretendiente
Meaning
a man who pursues a relationship with a woman, often with the intent to marry
Example
She had many suitors vying for her attention.
Ella tenía muchos pretendientes compitiendo por su atención.
C1 noun /ˈstɪm.jʊ.laɪ/

stimuli

estímulo
Meaning
Things that create reactions or provide motivation.
Example
Bright light and loud sounds are common stimuli for alertness.
La luz brillante y los sonidos fuertes son estímulos comunes para la alerta.
C1 noun /sɪˈdʌk.ʃən/

Seduction

seducción; tentación
Meaning
the action of seducing someone; temptation to do something wrong
Example
He fell victim to the seduction of easy money.
Cayó víctima de la seducción del dinero fácil.
C1 noun /ˈskruːpəl/

scruple

escrúpulo
Meaning
A moral or ethical consideration that restrains actions.
Example
He had no scruples about lying to get ahead.
Él no tenía escrúpulos para mentir y avanzar.
C1 verb /ˈseɪ.vər/

savor

disfrutar completamente
Meaning
To enjoy something completely, especially by dwelling on it.
Example
He savored every bite of the delicious cake.
Él saboreó cada bocado del delicioso pastel.
C1 adjective, verb /sɪˈdeɪt/

sedate

sedar
Meaning
calm, quiet, and composed; or to administer a drug to make someone calm or sleep
Example
The nurse sedated the patient before the operation.
La enfermera sedó al paciente antes de la operación.
C1 verb /skɪmp/

skimp

escatimar
Meaning
to use less of something than is necessary in order to save money or effort
Example
Don’t skimp on quality when buying a new laptop.
No escatimes en calidad al comprar una nueva laptop.
C1 noun /ˈstɪklər/

stickler

persona estricta con las normas
Meaning
a person who insists on a certain quality or standard of behavior
Example
He is a stickler for punctuality and never tolerates delays.
Él es muy estricto con la puntualidad y no tolera retrasos.
C1 verb /ˈsaɪdˌtræk/

sidetrack

desviar
Meaning
To distract from the main subject or activity.
Example
She was sidetracked by an unexpected phone call.
Ella se desvió por una llamada telefónica inesperada.
C1 noun /ˈʃeɪvɪŋ/

shaving

afeitado
Meaning
the act of removing hair with a razor; a thin strip or piece shaved from something
Example
He bought a new cream for shaving.
Compró una nueva crema para afeitarse.
C1 verb /səˈlɪdəˌfaɪ/

solidify

solidificar
Meaning
To make something firm, strong, or more certain.
Example
The company solidified its position in the market.
La empresa solidificó su posición en el mercado.
C1 adjective /ˈsɛm.ɪ.nəl/

seminal

felicidad
Meaning
Strongly influencing later developments; highly original and influential.
Example
His seminal book changed the course of modern philosophy.
No pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 noun /ˈstrɑːtəm/

stratum

estrato
Meaning
a layer or level of material, or a social class in society
Example
The upper stratum of society enjoyed privileges not available to others.
La capa superior de la sociedad disfrutaba de privilegios que no estaban disponibles para los demás.