Sugar candy
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C1 noun /ˈʃʊɡ.ər ˈkæn.di/

Sugar candy

caramelo de azúcar
Meaning
crystallized sugar formed into small pieces; rock candy made from sugar syrup
Example
The children enjoyed eating colorful sugar candy at the festival.
Los niños disfrutaron comer dulces de azúcar coloridos en el festival.
C1 verb /əˈbeɪt/

abate

disminuir
Meaning
to become less intense or widespread
Example
The storm began to abate after midnight.
La tormenta comenzó a disminuir después de la medianoche.
C1 noun /kənˈfɛdərəsi/

confederacy

confederación
Meaning
a group of states, people, or organizations united for a common purpose
Example
The southern states formed a confederacy during the civil war.
Los estados del sur formaron una confederación durante la guerra civil.
C1 verb /ˈmɛdəl/

meddle

interferir en algo que no te concierne
Meaning
to interfere in something that is not one's concern
Example
He always tries to meddle in other people’s business.
Él siempre intenta interferir en los asuntos de los demás.
C1 noun /trænsˈɡrɛʃən/

transgression

transgresión, delito
Meaning
an act that goes against a law, rule, or code of conduct; a violation or sin
Example
The court forgave his first transgression but warned him not to repeat it.
El tribunal perdonó su primera transgresión pero le advirtió que no la repitiera.
C1 noun /ˈlɔː.meɪ.kər/

Lawmaker

legislador
Meaning
a person who writes and passes laws, especially a member of a legislative body
Example
The lawmakers voted on the new education bill.
Los legisladores votaron sobre el nuevo proyecto de ley educativa.
C1 adjective /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/

ubiquitous

ubiquito
Meaning
Existing or being everywhere at the same time.
Example
Social media has become ubiquitous among young people.
Las redes sociales se han vuelto ubicuas entre los jóvenes.
C1 verb ˈsɪŋ.krə.naɪz

synchronize

sincronizar
Meaning
To coordinate in time; to cause to occur or operate at the same time or rate.
Example
The dancers need to synchronize their movements.
Los bailarines necesitan sincronizar sus movimientos.
C1 verb /ˈhɪpnətaɪz/

hypnotize

hipnotizar
Meaning
to put someone into a state of hypnosis; to influence someone's mind deeply
Example
The magician tried to hypnotize the audience.
El mago intentó hipnotizar a la audiencia.
C1 noun /ɡroʊv/

grove

arboleda / huerto pequeño
Meaning
A small group of trees growing close together.
Example
They walked through the orange grove.
Ellos caminaban por el huerto de naranjas.
C1 adjective ˌɡæs.troʊ.ɪnˈtes.tɪ.nəl

gastrointestinal

gastrointestinal
Meaning
Relating to the stomach and intestines.
Example
Spicy food can cause gastrointestinal issues.
La comida picante puede causar problemas gastrointestinales.
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɪzəm/

conservatism

conservadurismo
Meaning
A political or social philosophy promoting traditional institutions and resistance to change.
Example
Conservatism values tradition and gradual development.
El conservadurismo valora la tradición y el desarrollo gradual.
C1 noun /ˈflɔː.rə/

flora

la vida vegetal encontrada en una región o hábitat particular
Meaning
The plant life found in a particular region or habitat.
Example
The Amazon rainforest is home to a vast flora diversity.
La selva amazónica es hogar de una gran diversidad de flora.
C1 noun /ɒpˈtɒmɪtrɪst/

optometrist

optometrista
Meaning
A healthcare professional who examines eyes and prescribes corrective lenses.
Example
The optometrist prescribed new glasses for her.
El optometrista le recetó nuevos anteojos.
C1 noun /ˈstrɑːtəm/

stratum

estrato
Meaning
a layer or level of material, or a social class in society
Example
The upper stratum of society enjoyed privileges not available to others.
La capa superior de la sociedad disfrutaba de privilegios que no estaban disponibles para los demás.
C1 adjective /ˈneɡ.lɪ.dʒə.bəl/

Negligible

insignificante
Meaning
so small or unimportant as to be not worth considering; insignificant
Example
The side effects of this medicine are negligible.
Los efectos secundarios de este medicamento son insignificantes.
C1 noun /ˈleɪ.tən.si/

latency

latencia
Meaning
The delay in processing signals or data.
Example
High latency in online gaming can cause lagging issues.
La alta latencia en los juegos en línea puede causar problemas de retraso.
C1 noun /ˈkælkjʊləs/

calculus

cálculo
Meaning
A branch of mathematics concerned with rates of change and accumulation; also a hard mineral deposit in the body such as on teeth.
Example
Calculus is essential for advanced studies in physics and engineering.
El cálculo es esencial para los estudios avanzados en física e ingeniería.
C1 noun /ˈskɛptɪk/

skeptic

escéptico
Meaning
A person who doubts or questions accepted beliefs or claims.
Example
The scientist was a skeptic of theories without solid evidence.
El científico era escéptico de las teorías sin evidencia sólida.
C1 verb /əbˈstrʌkt/

obstruct

obstruir
Meaning
to block or hinder progress; to prevent or impede movement
Example
The fallen tree obstructed the road for several hours.
El árbol caído obstruyó el camino durante varias horas.
C1 adjective /ˌfɑːrˈfɛtʃt/

far-fetched

increíble
Meaning
unlikely to happen or be true; improbable
Example
His explanation for being late was a bit far-fetched.
Su explicación por llegar tarde era un poco increíble.
C1 adjective /kənˈstreɪnd/

constrained

limitado, forzado
Meaning
appearing forced, unnatural, or restricted
Example
He gave a constrained smile during the awkward meeting.
Él dio una sonrisa forzada durante la reunión incómoda.
C1 noun /ˌdiː.kɒmpəˈzɪʃən/

decomposition

descomposición
Meaning
the process of decaying or breaking down into simpler parts
Example
The decomposition of leaves enriches the soil.
La descomposición de las hojas enriquece el suelo.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈpoʊz/

repose

reposo
Meaning
a state of rest, sleep, or tranquility; to rest or lie in a peaceful position
Example
After the long journey, she sought repose in the quiet garden.
Después del largo viaje, ella buscó reposo en el jardín tranquilo.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/

invasive

invasivo
Meaning
Tending to spread harmfully, intruding aggressively, or encroaching beyond proper boundaries.
Example
The doctor explained that the procedure was minimally invasive.
El doctor explicó que el procedimiento era mínimamente invasivo.
C1 adjective /ˈpælpəbl̩/

palpable

felicidad
Meaning
easily perceived or felt; so intense as to seem almost tangible
Example
There was a palpable sense of excitement in the room.
No pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 adjective /ˈtɜːrbjələnt/

turbulent

turbulento
Meaning
Characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion; not stable or calm.
Example
The country went through a turbulent period of political change.
El país pasó por un período turbulento de cambio político.
C1 noun ɪˌməʊ.ʃəˈnæl.ɪ.ti

emotionality

emocionalidad
Meaning
The quality of being driven by emotions rather than reason; emotional responsiveness.
Example
His emotionality often influenced his decisions.
Su emocionalidad a menudo influía en sus decisiones.
C1 noun/verb /θrɒŋ/

throng

multitud
Meaning
A large, densely packed crowd of people or animals; to fill or be present in a place in large numbers.
Example
Tourists thronged the streets during the festival.
Los turistas abarrotaron las calles durante el festival.
C1 adjective /sɔɪld/

soiled

sucio
Meaning
dirty or stained; not clean
Example
His clothes were soiled after playing in the mud.
Su ropa estaba sucia después de jugar en el barro.
C1 noun /ˌɛkstrəˈdɪʃən/

extradition

extradición
Meaning
the official process of sending someone accused of a crime to another country or state
Example
The extradition of the suspect was delayed due to legal issues.
La extradición del sospechoso se retrasó debido a problemas legales.
C1 adjective ˈɪn.tər.ɪm

interim

interino
Meaning
In or for the intervening period; provisional or temporary.
Example
Interim governments manage transitional phases.
Los gobiernos interinos gestionan fases de transición.
C1 adjective /hɜːrˈbɪv.ər.əs/

Herbivorous

herbívoro
Meaning
feeding on plants; plant-eating
Example
Cows are herbivorous animals that graze on grass.
Las vacas son animales herbívoros que pastan en la hierba.
C1 verb /ˈvɛnəˌreɪt/

venerate

venerar
Meaning
to regard with great respect; revere
Example
People venerate saints for their holiness.
La gente venera a los santos por su santidad.
C1 noun /noʊz rɪŋ/

Nose ring

anillo de nariz
Meaning
a piece of jewelry worn through a piercing in the nose
Example
She got a small gold nose ring for her birthday.
Ella consiguió un pequeño anillo de oro para su cumpleaños.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfæləbl̩/

infallible

infalible
Meaning
incapable of making mistakes or being wrong
Example
Her judgment seemed infallible in matters of finance.
Su juicio parecía infalible en cuestiones financieras.
C1 verb /bɪˈriːv/

bereave

perder a un ser querido
Meaning
to deprive someone of a loved one through death
Example
She was bereaved of her husband last year.
Ella perdió a su esposo el año pasado.
C1 noun /ˈroʊdənt/

rodent

roedor
Meaning
a small mammal such as a mouse, rat, or squirrel, characterized by constantly growing incisors
Example
The farmer set traps to catch the rodents in his barn.
El granjero puso trampas para atrapar los roedores en su granero.
C1 adjective /dɪˈvɔɪd/

devoid

vacío
Meaning
Completely lacking or without something.
Example
His speech was devoid of any real emotion.
Su discurso estaba vacío de cualquier emoción real.
C1 verb /əˈflɪkt/

afflict

afligir
Meaning
to cause pain, suffering, or distress to someone or something
Example
Many people are afflicted by seasonal allergies.
Muchas personas están afligidas por alergias estacionales.
C1 adjective /klaɪˈmæktɪk/

climactic

climático
Meaning
Relating to the most exciting or important moment of something.
Example
The film ended with a climactic battle scene.
La película terminó con una escena de batalla climática.
C1 noun /ˈlɪbərəlɪzəm/

liberalism

liberalismo
Meaning
a political and social philosophy advocating individual freedoms, democracy, and equality
Example
Liberalism emphasizes freedom of speech and human rights.
El liberalismo enfatiza la libertad de expresión y los derechos humanos.
C1 adjective /bəˈlɪdʒ.ər.ənt/

belligerent

beligerante o agresivo
Meaning
Hostile and aggressive, ready to fight or argue.
Example
His belligerent attitude often leads to conflicts.
Su actitud beligerante a menudo conduce a conflictos.
C1 adjective /ˈwɪlfəl/

willful

voluntario
Meaning
Deliberate, intentional, or stubbornly determined to do as one wants.
Example
Her willful disregard for the rules got her into trouble.
Su voluntariedad al ignorar las reglas le metió en problemas.
C1 adjective /ˈmæn.əd/

mannered

afectado / artificial
Meaning
Having or showing a particular manner, especially an artificial or affected one.
Example
The actor’s performance was too mannered to feel natural.
La actuación del actor fue demasiado afectada para sentirse natural.
C1 adjective /kənˈvɜːrdʒənt/

convergent

convergente
Meaning
tending to move toward a common point or result
Example
The two rivers have a convergent path before entering the lake.
Los dos ríos tienen un camino convergente antes de entrar al lago.
C1 noun /ˈɛləkwəns/

eloquence

elocuencia
Meaning
Fluent or persuasive speaking or writing.
Example
His eloquence in speech won him great respect.
Su elocuencia en el discurso le ganó mucho respeto.
C1 adjective /ˈmɪnəskjuːl/

minuscule

minúsculo
Meaning
extremely small in size or importance
Example
She made only a minuscule contribution to the project.
Ella hizo solo una contribución minúscula al proyecto.
C1 verb /sɪˈdjuːs/

seduce

seducir
Meaning
to attract someone into doing something, especially something they might not normally do
Example
The advertisement was designed to seduce customers into buying luxury products.
El anuncio estaba diseñado para seducir a los clientes a comprar productos de lujo.
C1 adjective /ˌɒbsəˈliːt/

obsolete

obsoleto
Meaning
No longer in use or out of date.
Example
Floppy disks are now completely obsolete.
Los disquetes ahora están completamente obsoletos.
C1 verb /ˈɡrætɪfaɪ/

gratify

satisfacer, contentar
Meaning
to give pleasure or satisfaction to someone
Example
It gratified him to know his work was appreciated.
Le dio placer saber que su trabajo fue apreciado.
C1 verb /priːˈɒkjʊpaɪ/

preoccupy

preocupar, obsesionar
Meaning
To dominate or engross the mind of someone to the exclusion of other thoughts.
Example
Worries about the future preoccupy him constantly.
Las preocupaciones sobre el futuro lo ocupan constantemente.
C1 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈsɛp.tɪ.bəl

imperceptible

imperceptible
Meaning
So subtle or gradual that it is difficult to notice or perceive
Example
The changes in his behavior were imperceptible at first.
Los cambios en su comportamiento eran imperceptibles al principio.
C1 noun /ˌdev.əˈtiː/

Devotee

devoto; seguidor
Meaning
a person who is very interested in and enthusiastic about someone or something
Example
As a devotee of classical music, she attended every concert in the city.
Como devota de la música clásica, asistió a cada concierto en la ciudad.
C1 noun /ʌnkənˈsɜːrn/

Unconcern

desinterés
Meaning
lack of worry or interest; indifference
Example
She showed complete unconcern about the criticism.
Ella mostró completo desinterés por las críticas.
C1 noun /plʊəˈrælɪti/

plurality

pluralidad o mayoría
Meaning
the state of being multiple; the greater part or majority
Example
In the election, she won by a plurality of votes.
En la elección, ella ganó por una pluralidad de votos.
C1 noun /prɒɡˈnoʊsɪs/

prognosis

pronóstico
Meaning
A forecast of the likely outcome of a disease or situation.
Example
The doctor gave a positive prognosis for the patient's recovery.
El doctor dio un pronóstico positivo para la recuperación del paciente.
C1 adjective /koʊˈɜːrsɪv/

coercive

coercitivo
Meaning
Relating to or using force or threats to make someone do something.
Example
The government faced criticism for adopting coercive measures against protestors.
El gobierno enfrentó críticas por adoptar medidas coercitivas contra los manifestantes.
C1 adjective daɪˈvɜː.dʒənt

divergent

divergente
Meaning
Tending to be different or develop in different directions
Example
Divergent policies create challenges in collaboration.
Las políticas divergentes crean desafíos en la colaboración.
C1 noun /ˌtes.tɪˈmoʊ.ni.əl/

Testimonial

testimonio
Meaning
a formal statement testifying to someone's character and qualifications
Example
The professor wrote a glowing testimonial for her former student.
El profesor escribió un brillante testimonio para su exalumna.
C1 noun /ɪmˌpɜː.sənˈeɪ.ʃən/

impersonation

suplantación
Meaning
The action of pretending to be another person for the purpose of entertainment or fraud.
Example
Online impersonation is a serious cybercrime.
La suplantación en línea es un crimen cibernético grave.
C1 noun /ˌrɛpəˈreɪʃən/

reparation

reparación
Meaning
the making of amends for a wrong done by paying money or helping those who were wronged
Example
The government offered reparations to the victims of the conflict.
El gobierno ofreció reparaciones a las víctimas del conflicto.
C1 noun,verb /pleɪt/

plait

trenza
Meaning
a braid of hair or straw; to braid
Example
She decided to plait her hair before the party.
Ella decidió trenzarse el cabello antes de la fiesta.
C1 verb /fɔːrˈkloʊz/

foreclose

embargar
Meaning
to take possession of a property due to the owner's failure to keep up mortgage payments
Example
The bank decided to foreclose on the property after months of missed payments.
El banco decidió embargar la propiedad después de meses de pagos perdidos.
C1 verb /siːð/

seethe

hirviendo de rabia
Meaning
To be filled with intense but unexpressed anger or agitation.
Example
She was seething with anger after the unfair decision.
Ella estaba hirviendo de rabia después de la decisión injusta.
C1 adjective /ˈpeɪnzˌteɪkɪŋ/

painstaking

con mucho cuidado
Meaning
Done with great care and thoroughness.
Example
The artist completed the project with painstaking detail.
El artista completó el proyecto con mucho cuidado.
C1 noun ˈnuːkliəs

nucleus

núcleo
Meaning
The central core of an atom containing protons and neutrons.
Example
The nucleus consists of protons.
El núcleo consiste en protones.
C1 verb /ˌriːɪnˈsteɪt/

reinstate

reinstaurar
Meaning
To restore someone or something to their former position or condition.
Example
The company decided to reinstate the suspended employee.
La empresa decidió reinstaurar al empleado suspendido.
C1 noun /ˈstɪklər/

stickler

persona estricta con las normas
Meaning
a person who insists on a certain quality or standard of behavior
Example
He is a stickler for punctuality and never tolerates delays.
Él es muy estricto con la puntualidad y no tolera retrasos.
C1 noun ˈkeɪ.dəns

cadence

ritmo de habla con subida y bajada de tono
Meaning
The rhythm and flow of speech with rise and fall in tone.
Example
His speech had a natural cadence that captivated the audience.
Su discurso tenía una cadencia natural que cautivó a la audiencia.
C1 noun /tʃɪt/

Chit

nota, billete, recibo
Meaning
a short note, typically a brief informal letter; a voucher for a sum owed
Example
She left a chit on the table asking him to call her back.
Ella dejó un chit en la mesa pidiéndole que la llamara de vuelta.
C1 verb /dɪˈstɪl/

distill

destilar
Meaning
To purify a liquid by heating and cooling; to extract the essential meaning or most important aspects.
Example
The factory distills water to make it safe for drinking.
La fábrica destila agua para hacerla segura para beber.
C1 noun /tɔːrk/

torque

torque
Meaning
A twisting force that causes rotation.
Example
The mechanic measured the torque of the engine.
El mecánico midió el torque del motor.
C1 verb /ˌpriːdɪˈtɜːrmɪn/

predetermine

predeterminar
Meaning
to establish or decide something in advance
Example
The outcome of the match seemed predetermined.
El resultado del partido parecía predeterminado.
C1 noun njuːˈtræl.ə.ti

neutrality

neutralidad
Meaning
The state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, disagreement, etc.; impartiality.
Example
Neutrality fosters trust in decision-making.
La neutralidad fomenta la confianza en la toma de decisiones.
C1 adjective /əˈwɒʃ/

awash

inundado
Meaning
covered or flooded with water or something in large quantities
Example
The market was awash with cheap imported goods.
El mercado estaba inundado de productos importados baratos.
C1 noun /wæɡ/

Wag

persona bromista; alguien que disfruta hacer chistes
Meaning
a humorous or playful person; someone who enjoys joking around
Example
The class wag always made everyone laugh with his clever jokes.
El bromista de la clase siempre hacía reír a todos con sus bromas ingeniosas.
C1 verb /rɪˈmjuːnəreɪt/

remunerate

remunerar
Meaning
To pay someone for services or work done.
Example
The company will remunerate employees fairly for their overtime.
La empresa remunerará a los empleados de manera justa por su tiempo extra.
C1 verb /rɪˈvoʊk/

revoke

revocar
Meaning
To officially cancel or withdraw a decision, privilege, or right.
Example
The government decided to revoke his passport.
El gobierno decidió revocar su pasaporte.
C1 verb /blɛər/

blare

hacer un ruido fuerte
Meaning
to make a loud, harsh sound
Example
The car horns blared all night.
Las bocinas del coche sonaron toda la noche.
C1 noun /rɪˈspɒnsɪvnəs/

responsiveness

sensibilidad
Meaning
The quality of reacting quickly and positively
Example
The manager appreciated her responsiveness to customer feedback.
El gerente apreció su sensibilidad ante los comentarios de los clientes.
C1 adjective ˈek.wɪ.tə.bəl

equitable

equitativo
Meaning
Fair and impartial
Example
Equitable AI ensures fairness in technology use.
La IA equitativa asegura la justicia en el uso de la tecnología.
C1 verb /dɪˈtɛst/

detest

detestar
Meaning
To dislike intensely or hate.
Example
I detest waking up early on weekends.
Yo detesto levantarme temprano los fines de semana.
C1 adjective /ˈʌndərhænd/

underhand

engañoso
Meaning
done secretly and dishonestly; deceitful
Example
The politician was accused of using underhand tactics to win the election.
El político fue acusado de usar tácticas engañosas para ganar las elecciones.
C1 noun /ˈmænɪkɪn/

mannequin

maniquí
Meaning
a life-sized model of a human figure used by shops to display clothes
Example
The mannequin in the shop window was dressed in a red gown.
El maniquí en la ventana de la tienda estaba vestido con un vestido rojo.
C1 adjective /suːˈpɜːrlətɪv/

superlative

superlativo
Meaning
Of the highest quality or degree; expressing the extreme form of an adjective or adverb.
Example
Her performance was superlative, earning her a standing ovation.
Su desempeño fue superlativo, ganándose una ovación de pie.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɜːs/

Inverse

inverso; opuesto
Meaning
opposite in order, nature, or effect; reversed
Example
There is an inverse relationship between price and demand.
Existe una relación inversa entre el precio y la demanda.
C1 noun /ˈkɒt.ən ˈfæb.rɪk/

Cotton Fabric

tela de algodón
Meaning
textile made from cotton fibers, known for being soft, breathable, and comfortable
Example
Cotton fabric is perfect for summer clothing.
La tela de algodón es perfecta para la ropa de verano.
C1 noun /ˈaʊtˌɡroʊθ/

outgrowth

desarrollo
Meaning
something that grows out of something else; a natural development or result
Example
The new policy was an outgrowth of years of debate.
La nueva política fue un desarrollo de años de debate.
C1 noun /ˈpæn.θi.ən/

pantheon

todos los dioses, templo dedicado a todos los dioses
Meaning
All the gods of a religion collectively; a building dedicated to all gods.
Example
The Roman Pantheon is one of the best-preserved ancient temples.
El Panteón romano es uno de los templos antiguos mejor conservados.
C1 noun স্ক্রোলিং অ্যাডিকশন

scrolling addiction

adicción al desplazamiento
Meaning
A compulsive need to continuously scroll through content on digital devices, particularly smartphones and social media platforms.
Example
Scrolling addiction is a growing concern among smartphone users.
La adicción al desplazamiento es una preocupación creciente entre los usuarios de teléfonos inteligentes.
C1 noun /ˈsɛdətɪv/

sedative

sedante
Meaning
A substance that calms the nerves or induces sleep.
Example
The doctor prescribed a sedative to help the patient sleep.
El doctor recetó un sedante para ayudar al paciente a dormir.
C1 noun ɪnˌɛv.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

inevitability

inevitabilidad
Meaning
The quality of being certain to happen and impossible to avoid or prevent.
Example
The inevitability of change is a part of life.
La inevitabilidad del cambio es parte de la vida.
C1 verb /ˈtɒpl/

topple

caer
Meaning
to fall or cause to fall over; to overthrow
Example
The earthquake caused the old building to topple.
El terremoto causó que el viejo edificio se cayera.
C1 noun ˌmɪsˈmænɪdʒmənt

mismanagement

mala gestión
Meaning
Bad or careless management of something.
Example
Mismanagement of plastic waste worsens pollution.
La mala gestión de los desechos plásticos empeora la contaminación.
C1 noun /rɪˈdʒɔɪsɪŋ/

rejoicing

alegría
Meaning
The action of showing great joy or happiness
Example
There was much rejoicing after the victory.
Hubo mucha alegría después de la victoria.
C1 noun /sɪlt/

silt

lodo
Meaning
Fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment.
Example
The river deposited layers of silt along its banks.
El río depositó capas de lodo a lo largo de sus orillas.
C1 noun ˌdɛɡrəˈdeɪʃən

degradation

degradación
Meaning
The condition or process of degrading or being degraded.
Example
Soil degradation due to overuse is a growing issue.
La degradación del suelo debido al uso excesivo es un problema creciente.
C1 noun /brɔːl/

brawl

pelea
Meaning
a noisy fight in a public place
Example
A brawl broke out outside the bar late at night.
Una pelea estalló afuera del bar tarde en la noche.
C1 verb /mɔːrf/

morph

transformarse
Meaning
to change smoothly from one form, shape, or character into another
Example
The caterpillar will morph into a butterfly.
La oruga se transformará en una mariposa.
C1 noun /ˈɑːrmfʊl/

armful

brazo lleno
Meaning
As much as can be carried in one or both arms.
Example
She carried an armful of books into the library.
Ella llevó un brazo lleno de libros a la biblioteca.
C1 adjective /ˌpɛd.əˈɡɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

pedagogical

pedagógico
Meaning
Relating to teaching and education; concerned with the methods and practice of teaching.
Example
The school adopted new pedagogical techniques to improve learning.
La escuela adoptó nuevas técnicas pedagógicas para mejorar el aprendizaje.
C1 adjective /ˈɡæstrɪk/

gastric

gástrico / problemas del estómago
Meaning
Relating to the stomach.
Example
She was prescribed medicine for her gastric problems.
Ella fue recetada con medicina para sus problemas gástricos.
C1 noun /ˈlɪməˌziːn/

limousine

un coche grande y lujoso conducido por un chófer
Meaning
a large, luxurious car driven by a chauffeur.
Example
The bride arrived in a white limousine.
La novia llegó en una limusina blanca.
C1 verb /aɪˈdiː.ə.laɪz/

idealize

idealizar
Meaning
To regard or represent something as perfect or better than it really is.
Example
Children often idealize their parents.
Los niños a menudo idealizan a sus padres.
C1 noun /təˈbuː/

taboo

tabú
Meaning
a social or cultural prohibition against certain practices or discussions
Example
Talking about money is considered a taboo in some cultures.
Hablar de dinero se considera un tabú en algunas culturas.
C1 adjective /ˈɡriːvəs/

grievous

grave
Meaning
Causing great pain, suffering, or sorrow.
Example
The accident was a grievous blow to the community.
El accidente fue un golpe grave para la comunidad.
C1 adjective /ˈstɔːlwərt/

stalwart

firme, leal
Meaning
Loyal, reliable, and hardworking; strongly built or sturdy.
Example
She has always been a stalwart supporter of the community.
Ella siempre ha sido una firme defensora de la comunidad.
C1 adjective /ˌiːɡəˈtɪstɪkəl/

egotistical

ególatra
Meaning
Excessively self-absorbed or conceited.
Example
Her egotistical behavior made it difficult for her to maintain friendships.
Su comportamiento ególatra hizo difícil que mantuviera amistades.
C1 adjective ˈpɪv.ə.təl

pivotal

fundamental
Meaning
Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.
Example
Renewable energy plays a pivotal role in sustainability.
La energía renovable juega un papel fundamental en la sostenibilidad.
C1 verb /proʊˈtrækt/

protract

prolongar
Meaning
To prolong or extend in time or duration.
Example
Negotiations were protracted for several months.
Las negociaciones fueron prolongadas durante varios meses.
C1 noun /dɪˈluːʒən/

delusion

delirio
Meaning
A false belief or impression maintained despite being contradicted by reality.
Example
He lived under the delusion that he was invincible.
Él vivía bajo la ilusión de que era invencible.
C1 verb /sɪˈkluːd/

seclude

aislar
Meaning
To keep someone away from other people; to isolate.
Example
The monk chose to seclude himself in the mountains.
El monje eligió aislarse en las montañas.
C1 verb /ˈteɪpər/

taper

afinar
Meaning
To gradually decrease in width, thickness, or intensity.
Example
The road tapers off as it reaches the mountains.
La carretera se estrecha a medida que llega a las montañas.
C1 adjective rɪˈsɛʃ.ən.er.i

recessionary

recesivo
Meaning
Relating to or characterized by economic recession.
Example
Governments introduce policies to counter recessionary effects.
Los gobiernos introducen políticas para contrarrestar los efectos recesivos.
C1 verb /ɪnˈɡreɪv/

engrave

grabar
Meaning
to cut or carve a design, letter, or pattern into a hard surface
Example
The craftsman engraved her name on the silver ring.
El artesano grabó su nombre en el anillo de plata.
C1 adverb /ˈæm.ɪ.kə.bli/

Amicably

amistosamente
Meaning
in a friendly way without anger or resentment
Example
The divorce was settled amicably between both parties.
El divorcio se resolvió amistosamente entre ambas partes.
C1 verb /priːˈɛmpt/

preempt

prevenir
Meaning
To take action in order to prevent something from happening; to take the place of something.
Example
The government acted quickly to preempt a financial crisis.
El gobierno actuó rápidamente para prevenir una crisis financiera.
C1 noun /səˈlɪn.ə.t̬i/

salinity

salinidad, concentración de sal
Meaning
The salt content of soil or water, typically measured as a concentration.
Example
The salinity of the ocean varies depending on depth and location.
La salinidad del océano varía dependiendo de la profundidad y la ubicación.
C1 verb /ˈsaɪdˌtræk/

sidetrack

desviar
Meaning
To distract from the main subject or activity.
Example
She was sidetracked by an unexpected phone call.
Ella se desvió por una llamada telefónica inesperada.
C1 verb /ˈnjuːtrəlaɪz/

neutralize

neutralizar
Meaning
to make something ineffective or harmless
Example
The medicine helped neutralize the poison in his system.
La medicina ayudó a neutralizar el veneno en su sistema.