sprain
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C1 noun, verb /spreɪn/

sprain

esguince
Meaning
an injury to a joint in which the ligaments are stretched or torn
Example
She sprained her ankle while running in the park.
Ella se torció el tobillo mientras corría en el parque.
C1 adjective /dɪˈspɪkəbl/

despicable

despreciable
Meaning
Deserving hatred and contempt; vile or shameful.
Example
His despicable actions shocked the entire community.
Sus acciones despreciables sorprendieron a toda la comunidad.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkrɪmɪˌneɪt/

incriminate

incriminar
Meaning
to make someone appear guilty of a crime or wrongdoing
Example
The new evidence could incriminate the suspect in the robbery case.
La nueva evidencia podría incriminar al sospechoso en el caso de robo.
C1 noun /ɡlɔːs/

Gloss

una capa brillante o lustrosa; brillo de labios
Meaning
a shiny or lustrous surface finish; a superficially attractive appearance; lip gloss
Example
She applied a clear gloss to her lips to give them a shiny, healthy appearance.
Ella aplicó un brillo transparente en sus labios para darles un aspecto brillante y saludable.
C1 noun ɪkˌstræp.əˈleɪ.ʃən

extrapolation

extrapolación
Meaning
The action of estimating or concluding something by assuming that existing trends will continue.
Example
His extrapolation of market trends helped in financial planning.
Su extrapolación de las tendencias del mercado ayudó en la planificación financiera.
C1 adjective /tɪˈrænɪkəl/

tyrannical

tiránico
Meaning
exercising power in a cruel or arbitrary way
Example
The tyrannical ruler silenced all opposition.
El gobernante tiránico silenció toda oposición.
C1 adjective /ˈtæntəmaʊnt/

tantamount

equivalente
Meaning
Equivalent in seriousness or effect; virtually the same as.
Example
His refusal to speak was tantamount to an admission of guilt.
Su negativa a hablar fue equivalente a una admisión de culpa.
C1 noun daɪˈkɒtəmi

dichotomy

dicotomía
Meaning
A division or contrast between two things that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different.
Example
The dichotomy between tradition and modernity is often debated.
La dicotomía entre la tradición y la modernidad a menudo es debatida.
C1 adjective, noun, verb /ˈtrɛbəl/

treble

triplicado, tono alto
Meaning
triple; consisting of three parts; high-pitched sound in music
Example
The company's profits trebled in just two years.
Las ganancias de la empresa se triplicaron en solo dos años.
C1 noun /ˈkroʊniˌɪzəm/

cronyism

clientelismo
Meaning
The practice of favoring friends or associates, especially in political appointments or business deals.
Example
The company was accused of cronyism in hiring practices.
La empresa fue acusada de clientelismo en las prácticas de contratación.
C1 adjective /stjuːˈpɛndəs/

stupendous

asombroso
Meaning
extremely impressive; amazing in size, degree, or excellence
Example
The magician’s performance was simply stupendous.
La actuación del mago fue simplemente asombrosa.
C1 noun /ˈɔːr.ə.tɔːr.i/

oratory

oratoria
Meaning
The art of public speaking; skilled and confident delivery of speeches to an audience.
Example
His exceptional oratory skills won him the debate competition.
Sus excepcionales habilidades oratorias le ganaron la competencia de debate.
C1 noun /rɪˈspɒndənt/

respondent

encuestado
Meaning
A person who replies to something, especially in a survey or legal case
Example
The survey had over 1,000 respondents.
La encuesta tuvo más de 1000 encuestados.
C1 adjective /rɪˈpen.tənt/

Repentant

arrepentido; lamentoso; contrito
Meaning
feeling or expressing sincere regret and remorse; sorry for one's actions
Example
The repentant thief returned the stolen money.
El ladrón arrepentido devolvió el dinero robado.
C1 adjective /ˈʌpərˌmoʊst/

uppermost

más alto
Meaning
situated at the highest place or most important
Example
Her family's safety was uppermost in her mind during the crisis.
La seguridad de su familia era lo más importante en su mente durante la crisis.
C1 noun /ˈmuːdi.nəs/

moodiness

inestabilidad emocional
Meaning
The state of being frequently subject to changes in mood, especially irritability or sadness.
Example
Her moodiness made it difficult to predict how she would react.
Su inestabilidad emocional hacía difícil predecir cómo reaccionaría.
C1 verb /rɪˈmɪt/

remit

enviar dinero / perdonar
Meaning
To send money in payment or as a gift; to cancel or refrain from exacting a debt or punishment.
Example
He promised to remit the payment by the end of the week.
Él prometió remitir el pago antes del final de la semana.
C1 noun /ˈælɪɡəri/

allegory

alegoría
Meaning
a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, often moral or political
Example
The novel is an allegory of the struggle between good and evil.
La novela es una alegoría de la lucha entre el bien y el mal.
C1 noun /ˈpeɪθɒs/

pathos

patos
Meaning
a quality in speech, writing, or events that evokes pity or deep emotion
Example
The documentary balanced pathos with hope, making the audience both weep and think.
El documental equilibró el pathos con la esperanza, haciendo que la audiencia llorara y pensara.
C1 verb /kriːk/

creak

hacer un ruido chirriante o agudo
Meaning
to make a high-pitched, squeaking noise when moved
Example
The old door creaked as she opened it.
La puerta vieja crujió cuando la abrió.
C1 verb /pɜːrdʒ/

purge

purificar
Meaning
To remove unwanted feelings, people, or things; to cleanse or purify.
Example
The new leader promised to purge corruption from the government.
El nuevo líder prometió purgar la corrupción del gobierno.
C1 noun /ˈrɛtrəsˌpɛkt/

retrospect

retroceso
Meaning
the act of looking back on or reviewing past events
Example
In retrospect, the decision seemed unwise.
En retrospectiva, la decisión parecía imprudente.
C1 verb /weɪd/

wade

caminar a través del agua
Meaning
to walk through water or another substance that impedes movement
Example
The children waded in the shallow river.
Los niños caminaban por el río poco profundo.
C1 noun /kliːˈʃeɪ/

cliche

cliché
Meaning
An overused expression or idea that has lost its originality or impact.
Example
The speech was filled with old clichés that failed to inspire the audience.
El discurso estaba lleno de viejos clichés que no lograron inspirar a la audiencia.
C1 noun ˈpær.ə.daɪm

paradigm

paradigma
Meaning
A typical example or pattern of something; a model or framework for understanding or approaching something.
Example
The paradigm of education is changing with digital technology.
El paradigma de la educación está cambiando con la tecnología digital.
C1 adjective ɪˈθɪə.ri.əl

ethereal

celestial, delicado, sobrenatural
Meaning
Extremely delicate and light in a way that seems too perfect for this world.
Example
Her voice had an ethereal quality.
Su voz tenía una calidad etérea.
C1 verb bɪˈkwiːð

bequeath

legar por testamento
Meaning
Leave something to someone in a will; pass down or hand down to the next generation.
Example
The scientist bequeathed his research papers to the university.
El científico legó sus papeles de investigación a la universidad.
C1 noun /ˈplæz.mə/

Plasma

parte líquida de la sangre; gas ionizado; suero sanguíneo sin proteínas de coagulación
Meaning
the liquid part of blood; ionized gas; blood serum without clotting proteins
Example
Blood plasma contains various proteins and nutrients.
El plasma sanguíneo contiene varias proteínas y nutrientes.
C1 adjective /məˈlɛvələnt/

malevolent

malévolo
Meaning
Having or showing a wish to do evil or harm to others.
Example
The malevolent glare in his eyes frightened the children.
La mirada malévola en sus ojos asustó a los niños.
C1 adjective /ˈwɜːrkəbəl/

Workable

realizable; practicable
Meaning
capable of being done or put into effect; practical
Example
We need a workable solution to solve this problem quickly.
Necesitamos una solución práctica para resolver este problema rápidamente.
C1 adjective /ˌaɪdiəˈlɪstɪk/

Idealistic

idealista
Meaning
pursuing high principles or ideals; unrealistically optimistic
Example
She has an idealistic view of changing the world.
Ella tiene una visión idealista de cambiar el mundo.
C1 noun proʊˈæktɪv ˈseɪvɪŋ

proactive saving

ahorro proactivo
Meaning
Actively planning and setting aside money in advance to prepare for future financial needs
Example
Proactive saving ensures financial stability in old age.
El ahorro proactivo asegura la estabilidad financiera en la vejez.
C1 verb /dɪsˈkʌlər/

discolor

descolorar
Meaning
to change color, especially in a way that spoils the original appearance
Example
The fabric began to discolor after being left in the sun.
La tela comenzó a descolorarse después de dejarla al sol.
C1 adverb /suːˈpɜːb.li/

Superbly

de manera excelente
Meaning
in an excellent or outstanding manner
Example
She performed superbly in the dance competition.
Ella actuó de manera excelente en la competencia de danza.
C1 noun /vəˈræs.ə.ti/

veracity

veracidad
Meaning
Conformity to facts; accuracy and truthfulness.
Example
The journalist checked the veracity of the report.
El periodista verificó la veracidad del informe.
C1 noun prɪˈsɪʒ.ən ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃər

precision agriculture

agricultura de precisión
Meaning
The technique of conducting agricultural work using advanced technology.
Example
Precision agriculture optimizes resource use and increases efficiency.
La agricultura de precisión optimiza el uso de los recursos y aumenta la eficiencia.
C1 adjective /rɪˈdʌn.dənt/

redundant

innecesario
Meaning
Not or no longer needed or useful; superfluous.
Example
The report contained redundant information.
El informe contenía información innecesaria.
C1 noun /dɪˈvɪnɪti/

divinity

divinidad
Meaning
The quality or state of being divine; a deity.
Example
The priest spoke about the divinity of the soul.
El sacerdote habló sobre la divinidad del alma.
C1 adjective ˌhaɪ.pəˈθet.ɪ.kəl

hypothetical

hipotético, supuesto, teórico
Meaning
Based on or serving as a hypothesis; supposed but not necessarily real or true.
Example
The discussion was based on hypothetical scenarios.
La discusión se basó en escenarios hipotéticos.
C1 adjective səˈblaɪm

sublime

sublime, grandioso, majestuoso
Meaning
Of such excellence, grandeur, or beauty as to inspire great admiration or awe.
Example
The sublime beauty of the mountain landscape took my breath away.
La sublime belleza del paisaje montañoso me dejó sin aliento.
C1 adjective /prəˈfjuːs/

profuse

profuso
Meaning
existing or given in large amounts; abundant
Example
He offered profuse thanks for their timely help.
Él ofreció abundantes gracias por su ayuda oportuna.
C1 verb /ˈmjuːteɪt/

mutate

mutar
Meaning
To change or cause to change in form, nature, or character.
Example
The virus can mutate into a more dangerous strain.
El virus puede mutar a una cepa más peligrosa.
C1 adjective /maɪˈɑːpɪk/

myopic

miopía, visión limitada
Meaning
lacking foresight or long-term perspective; also refers to nearsightedness
Example
The company’s myopic strategy led to long-term losses.
La estrategia miope de la empresa condujo a pérdidas a largo plazo.
C1 noun /ˌprɑːfɪˈtɪr/

profiteer

especulador
Meaning
a person who makes excessive profits, especially unfairly or illegally
Example
The government punished war profiteers.
El gobierno castigó a los especuladores de la guerra.
C1 adverb /ˈhɛdˌlɔŋ/

headlong

a la carrera
Meaning
With the head leading; in a rush or without thinking.
Example
She rushed headlong into the new project.
Ella se lanzó a la carrera al nuevo proyecto.
C1 noun prəˈpʌl.ʃən

propulsion

propulsión
Meaning
The action of driving or pushing forward.
Example
Jet engines provide propulsion for aircraft to travel long distances.
Los motores a reacción proporcionan propulsión a las aeronaves para viajar largas distancias.
C1 noun /ˈælkoʊv/

alcove

rinconcito
Meaning
A small recessed section of a room or a nook.
Example
She placed a reading chair in the alcove near the window.
Ella colocó una silla de lectura en el rincón cerca de la ventana.
C1 noun /slɪt/

Slit

rendija
Meaning
a long narrow opening or cut
Example
There was a small slit in the fabric.
Había una pequeña rendija en la tela.
C1 adjective /pərˈsɛptɪv/

perceptive

felicidad
Meaning
Having or showing keen insight, understanding, or awareness.
Example
She is very perceptive and quickly notices when something is wrong.
Ella no podía ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 noun /əˈflɪkʃən/

affliction

aflicción
Meaning
a state of pain, suffering, or distress
Example
Poverty is a common affliction in many parts of the world.
La pobreza es una aflicción común en muchas partes del mundo.
C1 adjective /məˈtɪk.jə.ləs/

meticulous

Extremadamente cuidadoso y preciso en la atención al detalle
Meaning
Extremely careful and precise in attention to detail
Example
A meticulous researcher checks every detail before publishing.
Un investigador meticuloso revisa cada detalle antes de publicar.
C1 verb /ˈsnɪkər/

snicker

reírse disimuladamente
Meaning
to laugh quietly in a disrespectful or mocking way
Example
The students snickered when the teacher made a mistake.
Los estudiantes se rieron cuando el maestro cometió un error.
C1 noun /ˌɪntəkəˈnɛktɪvɪti/

interconnectivity

interconectividad
Meaning
The state of being interconnected or the degree of connectivity between components
Example
The rise of interconnectivity has transformed global communication.
El auge de la interconectividad ha transformado la comunicación global.
C1 verb /ˈsʌkɪŋ/

sucking

chupar
Meaning
Drawing in a liquid, air, or other substance through the mouth or a tube by creating a vacuum; also used figuratively for something unpleasant or ineffective
Example
The baby is sucking on a pacifier.
El bebé está chupando un chupete.
C1 verb /hiːd/

heed

prestar atención
Meaning
to pay attention to; to take notice of
Example
You should heed the teacher's advice.
Debes hacer caso al consejo del maestro.
C1 noun /ˈvæɡ.ə.bɒnd/

Vagabond

vagabundo; nómada
Meaning
a person who has no home or job and travels from place to place
Example
The old vagabond wandered through the streets looking for food.
El viejo vagabundo caminaba por las calles buscando comida.
C1 noun /lɔnˈdʒɛvəti/

longevity

longevidad
Meaning
Long life or long existence of something.
Example
Good habits contribute to health and longevity.
Los buenos hábitos contribuyen a la salud y longevidad.
C1 noun /saɪð/

scythe

hoz
Meaning
A tool with a long curved blade used for cutting grass or grain.
Example
The farmer sharpened his scythe before harvesting the wheat.
El agricultor afiló su hoz antes de cosechar el trigo.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪθiˈɪstɪk/

atheistic

ateísta
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of atheists or atheism.
Example
She grew up in an atheistic household with no religious rituals.
Ella creció en un hogar ateo sin rituales religiosos.
C1 noun /ˌkɒndʒʊˈɡeɪʃən/

conjugation

conjugación
Meaning
the variation of the form of a verb to indicate tense, person, and number
Example
French verbs have complex conjugations.
Los verbos franceses tienen conjugaciones complejas.
C1 noun /dɪˈsiːt/

Deceit

engaño; fraude; mentira
Meaning
the action or practice of deceiving someone by concealing or misrepresenting the truth
Example
His deceit was discovered when the truth about his qualifications came to light.
Su engaño fue descubierto cuando la verdad sobre sus calificaciones salió a la luz.
C1 noun /pɔl/

Pall

paño que se coloca sobre un ataúd; una capa oscura que crea una atmósfera sombría
Meaning
a cloth spread over a coffin; a dark covering that creates a gloomy atmosphere
Example
A pall of smoke hung over the burning building.
Una capa de humo colgaba sobre el edificio en llamas.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈvaɪəbl/

unviable

inválido
Meaning
Not capable of working successfully; not feasible or practical.
Example
The project was deemed unviable due to high costs.
El proyecto fue considerado inviable debido a los altos costos.
C1 adjective /skænt/

Scant

escaso
Meaning
barely sufficient; inadequate; small in amount
Example
There was scant evidence to support his claim.
Había pocas pruebas para respaldar su afirmación.
C1 adjective /ˌhaɪ.drəˈpɒn.ɪk/

hydroponic

hidropónico
Meaning
Relating to the process of growing plants in sand, gravel, or liquid, with added nutrients but without soil.
Example
Hydroponic farming allows crops to grow without soil.
La agricultura hidropónica permite que los cultivos crezcan sin suelo.
C1 noun /ˈsɜːrtʃɑːrdʒ/

surcharge

recargo adicional
Meaning
an additional charge or payment added to the usual cost
Example
The airline ticket had a fuel surcharge added to it.
El boleto de avión tenía un recargo por combustible agregado.
C1 noun rɪˌkuːpərˈeɪʃən

recuperation

recuperación
Meaning
The process of gradually recovering from illness or fatigue
Example
Rest is essential for recuperation after illness.
El descanso es esencial para la recuperación después de una enfermedad.
C1 noun /ˌfɪziˈɑːlədʒi/

physiology

fisiología
Meaning
the scientific study of the functions and mechanisms in a living system
Example
She is majoring in human physiology at the university.
Ella está especializándose en fisiología humana en la universidad.
C1 noun /ˈkwɒn.dər.i/

Quandary

dilema; incertidumbre
Meaning
a difficult situation where you cannot decide what to do; dilemma
Example
She was in a quandary about which job offer to accept.
Ella estaba en un dilema sobre qué oferta de trabajo aceptar.
C1 noun/verb /ˈbæntər/

banter

burlas
Meaning
playful and friendly exchange of teasing remarks
Example
The colleagues enjoyed some light banter during the meeting.
Los colegas disfrutaron de un poco de banter ligero durante la reunión.
C1 noun /twɪndʒ/

twinge

dolor agudo
Meaning
a sudden, sharp pain or an emotional pang
Example
He felt a twinge of guilt after lying to his friend.
Sintió un dolor agudo de culpa después de mentirle a su amigo.
C1 noun /sɔːd fɪʃ/

Sword fish

pez espada
Meaning
A large marine fish with an elongated bill resembling a sword
Example
The swordfish can swim at speeds up to 60 mph.
El pez espada puede nadar a velocidades de hasta 60 mph.
C1 noun /mɪˈsɑːdʒəni/

misogyny

misoginia
Meaning
Hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women.
Example
The novel has been criticized for promoting misogyny.
La novela ha sido criticada por promover la misoginia.
C1 verb /hjuːˈmɪlieɪt/

humiliate

humillar
Meaning
to make someone feel ashamed or foolish by injuring their dignity
Example
He was humiliated by his public failure.
Él fue humillado por su fracaso público.
C1 noun /ˈɪrˌplʌɡ/

earplug

tapón para los oídos
Meaning
a device inserted into the ear to block out noise or water
Example
He wore earplugs to sleep during the noisy night.
Él usó tapones para los oídos para dormir durante la noche ruidosa.
C1 noun /djuːˈɛt/

duet

dúo
Meaning
a musical performance by two singers or instrumentalists
Example
They sang a beautiful duet together on stage.
Cantaron un hermoso dúo juntos en el escenario.
C1 adjective /ˈtraɪflɪŋ/

Trifling

insignificante; trivial; de poca importancia
Meaning
of little importance; trivial; insignificant
Example
Don't worry about such trifling matters.
No te preocupes por cosas tan triviales.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛlˌteɪl/

telltale

delator
Meaning
Revealing something that is usually hidden; giving away a secret or clue.
Example
The telltale signs of fatigue were visible on his face.
Los signos delatores de fatiga eran visibles en su rostro.
C1 verb /ɪɡˈzɒnəreɪt/

exonerate

exonerar
Meaning
To clear someone from blame or accusation.
Example
The court exonerated her from all charges.
El tribunal la exoneró de todos los cargos.
C1 noun /ɪˌreɡjəˈlærɪti/

irregularity

irregularidad
Meaning
lack of regularity or consistency; a deviation from what is normal, expected, or orderly
Example
The audit revealed several financial irregularities in the company’s records.
La auditoría reveló varias irregularidades financieras en los registros de la empresa.
C1 noun /ˈzɪn.i.ə/

Zinnia

zinnia
Meaning
A colorful garden flower with daisy-like blooms, popular for its vibrant colors and long-lasting nature
Example
The garden was filled with bright zinnias in various colors.
El jardín estaba lleno de zinnias brillantes de varios colores.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

illicit

ilícito
Meaning
Forbidden by law, rules, or custom.
Example
The police shut down the illicit drug operation.
La policía cerró la operación de drogas ilícitas.
C1 adjective /ˌnjʊə.rəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

neurological

neurológico
Meaning
Relating to the anatomy, functions, and organic disorders of nerves and the nervous system.
Example
Meditation has positive neurological effects on mental health.
La meditación tiene efectos neurológicos positivos en la salud mental.
C1 verb /ˌsuːpərɪmˈpoʊz/

superimpose

superponer
Meaning
to place one thing on top of another so that both can be seen
Example
The editor superimposed text over the image.
El editor superpuso texto sobre la imagen.
C1 noun ˈfɔː.saɪt

foresight

previsión
Meaning
The ability to predict or the action of predicting what will happen or be needed in the future.
Example
His foresight helped the company avoid financial losses.
Su previsión ayudó a la empresa a evitar pérdidas financieras.
C1 adjective /ˈfɜːr.vənt/

fervent

apasionado, entusiasta
Meaning
having or showing intense passion or enthusiasm
Example
She gave a fervent speech about climate change.
Ella dio un discurso apasionado sobre el cambio climático.
C1 adjective /haɪˈdrɔːlɪk/

hydraulic

hidráulico
Meaning
operated by the pressure of liquid, especially water or oil
Example
The mechanic repaired the hydraulic system of the machine.
El mecánico reparó el sistema hidráulico de la máquina.
C1 adjective /ˈkoʊpiəs/

copious

copioso
Meaning
abundant in supply or quantity
Example
She took copious notes during the lecture.
Ella tomó copiosas notas durante la conferencia.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

unthinking

irreflexivo
Meaning
done without careful thought; automatic or thoughtless
Example
His unthinking remark hurt her feelings.
Su comentario irreflexivo hirió sus sentimientos.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɑːdi/

shoddy

de mala calidad
Meaning
badly made or done; of poor quality
Example
The contractor did a shoddy job on the repairs.
El contratista hizo un trabajo de mala calidad en las reparaciones.
C1 adjective /ədˈhiːsɪv/

Adhesive

pegajoso
Meaning
আঠালো; চটচটে;
Example
The adhesive tape stuck firmly to the wall.
La cinta adhesiva se pegó firmemente a la pared.
C1 noun /ˈwiː.vər bɜːd/

Weaver bird

pájaro tejedor
Meaning
a small bird that builds elaborate woven nests from grass and twigs
Example
The weaver bird skillfully constructs its intricate nest.
El pájaro tejedor construye hábilmente su nido intrincado
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdjʊər.ə.bəl/

Endurable

soportable
Meaning
able to be endured; bearable; tolerable
Example
The pain was endurable with proper medication.
El dolor era soportable con la medicación adecuada.
C1 verb /dɪsˈɑːrm/

disarm

desarmar
Meaning
to take weapons away from someone; to make someone feel less hostile
Example
The soldiers were ordered to disarm the rebels.
A los soldados se les ordenó desarmar a los rebeldes.
C1 adjective /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

subterranean

subterráneo
Meaning
Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.
Example
Subterranean water sources help sustain agriculture.
Las fuentes de agua subterráneas ayudan a sostener la agricultura.
C1 adjective /təˈrɛstriəl/

terrestrial

terrestre
Meaning
Relating to the Earth or land as opposed to the sea or air; living or growing on land.
Example
Humans are terrestrial beings who live on land.
Los humanos son seres terrestres que viven en la tierra.
C1 noun /slæb/

slab

losa
Meaning
a large, thick, flat piece of stone, concrete, or other hard material
Example
The workers laid a concrete slab for the foundation.
Los trabajadores colocaron una losa de concreto para la fundación.
C1 adjective /ˈpʊʃi/

pushy

insistente
Meaning
excessively assertive or aggressive, often annoyingly so
Example
The salesperson was too pushy, which drove customers away.
El vendedor era demasiado insistente, lo que alejó a los clientes.
C1 noun ˌɪn.fɪlˈtreɪ.ʃən

infiltration

infiltración, acceso secreto
Meaning
The process of entering or gaining access to an organization or place surreptitiously.
Example
Cybersecurity prevents infiltration into sensitive data.
La ciberseguridad previene la infiltración en datos sensibles.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndjuɪt/ or /ˈkɑːnduɪt/

conduit

conducto / medio
Meaning
a channel or pipe for conveying water, electricity, or information
Example
The cable was placed inside a protective conduit.
El cable fue colocado dentro de un conducto protector.
C1 noun /əˈbændənmənt/

abandonment

abandono
Meaning
the act of leaving someone or something behind completely; the state of being deserted
Example
The child suffered deep emotional pain because of abandonment.
El niño sufrió un profundo dolor emocional por el abandono.
C1 verb /məˈruːn/

maroon

abandonar en una isla desierta
Meaning
to leave someone trapped and isolated, especially on an island
Example
The sailors were marooned on a deserted island.
Los marineros fueron abandonados en una isla desierta.
C1 noun /ˈlænd.slaɪd/

Landslide

deslizamiento de tierra
Meaning
a collapse of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff; an overwhelming victory in an election
Example
Heavy rains triggered a massive landslide that blocked the mountain highway.
Las fuertes lluvias provocaron un gran deslizamiento de tierra que bloqueó la carretera de montaña.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːrdəməm/

Cardamom

cardamomo
Meaning
aromatic seeds from a plant in the ginger family, used as a spice
Example
The recipe calls for a pinch of ground cardamom.
La receta requiere un poco de cardamomo molido.
C1 verb /rɪˈbʌt/

rebut

refutar
Meaning
to argue against or prove wrong; to refute
Example
The lawyer rebutted the false accusations with strong evidence.
El abogado refutó las falsas acusaciones con pruebas contundentes.
C1 noun ˈɪn.fər.əns

inference

inferencia
Meaning
A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning; logical deduction.
Example
Scientists make inferences based on experimental data.
Los científicos hacen inferencias basadas en datos experimentales.
C1 verb /fɔrˈstɔl/

forestall

prevenir de antemano
Meaning
to prevent by acting in advance; to anticipate and counter
Example
They forestalled the crisis by taking immediate action.
Ellos evitaron la crisis tomando acción inmediata.
C1 noun /ˈfɛlən/

felon

delincuente
Meaning
a person who has committed a serious crime
Example
The felon was sentenced to ten years in prison.
El delincuente fue sentenciado a diez años de prisión.
C1 noun/verb /θrɒŋ/

throng

multitud
Meaning
A large, densely packed crowd of people or animals; to fill or be present in a place in large numbers.
Example
Tourists thronged the streets during the festival.
Los turistas abarrotaron las calles durante el festival.
C1 adjective/adverb /ˌɒfˈhænd/

offhand

sin pensar
Meaning
Without previous thought or preparation; casual and sometimes dismissive.
Example
She gave an offhand reply to his serious question.
Ella dio una respuesta sin pensarlo a su seria pregunta.
C1 verb /bɪˈriːv/

bereave

perder a un ser querido
Meaning
to deprive someone of a loved one through death
Example
She was bereaved of her husband last year.
Ella perdió a su esposo el año pasado.
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɪzəm/

conservatism

conservadurismo
Meaning
A political or social philosophy promoting traditional institutions and resistance to change.
Example
Conservatism values tradition and gradual development.
El conservadurismo valora la tradición y el desarrollo gradual.
C1 adjective ˈɒb.stɪ.nət

obstinate

obstinado
Meaning
Refusing to change one's mind or accept others' advice easily.
Example
He remained obstinate despite the logical arguments.
Él se mantuvo obstinado a pesar de los argumentos lógicos.
C1 adjective dɪsˈfʌŋkʃənl

dysfunctional

disfuncional
Meaning
Not operating normally or properly.
Example
The dysfunctional system led to numerous delays and errors.
El sistema disfuncional causó numerosos retrasos y errores.
C1 noun /mjuːˈteɪʃn/

mutation

mutación, cambio genético
Meaning
A change in form, structure, or nature, especially in genetics.
Example
Scientists discovered a genetic mutation that caused the disorder.
Los científicos descubrieron una mutación genética que causó el trastorno.
C1 noun /əˌfɪl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/

affiliation

afiliación
Meaning
The state or process of affiliating or being affiliated; a connection or association.
Example
His affiliation with the company lasted for a decade.
Su afiliación con la empresa duró una década.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛnərəbəl/

Venerable

venerable; respetado
Meaning
deserving respect due to age, wisdom, or character; revered
Example
The venerable professor has taught at the university for fifty years.
El venerable profesor ha enseñado en la universidad durante cincuenta años.
C1 noun /ˈstəʊ.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/

stoicism

estoicismo
Meaning
The endurance of pain or hardship without the display of feelings and without complaint.
Example
His stoicism during hardship was admirable.
Su estoicismo durante la adversidad fue admirable.
C1 adjective /ˈfliː.tɪŋ/

fleeting

efímero
Meaning
Lasting for a very short time; passing quickly.
Example
Happiness can be fleeting, so cherish every moment.
La felicidad puede ser efímera, así que aprecia cada momento.
C1 noun /ˈʃæsi/

chassis

chasis del vehículo
Meaning
the base frame of a vehicle or other wheeled machine
Example
The mechanic examined the car's chassis for damage.
El mecánico examinó el chasis del coche en busca de daños.
C1 noun /ˈduːmz.deɪ/

Doomsday

el día del juicio final; el día del fin del mundo
Meaning
the last day of the world's existence; a time of catastrophic destruction
Example
The preacher spoke about doomsday and the importance of preparing spiritually.
El predicador habló sobre el día del juicio final y la importancia de prepararse espiritualmente.