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C1 noun /ˈsəʊdiəm/

sodium

sodio
Meaning
a soft, silver-white chemical element that is highly reactive and found in salt.
Example
Sodium is an essential element for maintaining fluid balance in the body.
El sodio es un elemento esencial para mantener el equilibrio de líquidos en el cuerpo.
C1 verb /siːp/

seep

filtrarse lentamente
Meaning
to flow or leak slowly through small openings or pores
Example
Water began to seep through the cracks in the wall.
El agua comenzó a filtrarse a través de las grietas en la pared.
B2 noun /səˈlɪsɪtər/

solicitor

abogado
Meaning
A type of lawyer who gives legal advice and prepares legal documents, often representing clients in lower courts.
Example
She consulted a solicitor before signing the contract.
Consultó a un abogado antes de firmar el contrato.
C1 adjective /ˈstɪndʒi/

stingy

tacaño
Meaning
unwilling to spend or give; miserly
Example
He is too stingy to buy a gift for his friend.
Es demasiado tacaño para comprar un regalo para su amigo.
C2 noun /ˈsɑːrdʒənt ət ɑːrmz/

sergeant-at-arms

sargento de armas
Meaning
An officer responsible for maintaining order during meetings or legislative sessions.
Example
The sergeant-at-arms escorted the disruptive member out of the hall.
El sargento de armas escoltó al miembro disruptivo fuera del salón.
C1 verb /səˈplænt/

supplant

suplantar
Meaning
To take the place of something or someone, often by force or strategy.
Example
Digital platforms have supplanted traditional newspapers.
Las plataformas digitales han suplantado a los periódicos tradicionales.
C1 noun /ʃeɪl/

shale

pizarra
Meaning
a fine-grained sedimentary rock that can be split into thin layers
Example
The region is rich in shale and natural gas deposits.
La región es rica en pizarra y depósitos de gas natural.
C1 noun ˈsɪnədʒi

synergy

sinergia, cooperación
Meaning
The interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.
Example
The synergy between the two companies led to a successful partnership.
La sinergia entre las dos empresas condujo a una exitosa asociación.
B2 noun /sɪˈver.ə.ti/

Severity

gravedad; severidad; dureza
Meaning
the quality of being extremely serious or harsh; intensity of something bad
Example
The severity of the storm caused widespread damage across the city.
La severidad de la tormenta causó daños generalizados en toda la ciudad.
B2 adjective /stɪf/

Stiff

rígido; firme; duro
Meaning
not easily bent or changed; rigid; firm
Example
The old wooden board was too stiff to bend.
La vieja tabla de madera era demasiado rígida para doblarse.
C1 noun speɪst ˌrep.ɪˈtɪʃ.ən

spaced repetition

repetición espaciada
Meaning
A learning technique that involves reviewing information at increasing intervals to improve long-term retention.
Example
Spaced repetition helps in long-term memory retention.
La repetición espaciada ayuda a retener la memoria a largo plazo.
C2 verb /ˈsʌn.dər/

sunder

separar
Meaning
To split apart or separate, especially with force.
Example
The war sundered families and friends.
La guerra separó familias y amigos.
C1 adjective /ˌsɛm.iˈæn.ju.əl/

semiannual

semi-anual
Meaning
Occurring twice a year; every six months.
Example
The company holds a semiannual meeting with all employees.
La empresa organiza una reunión semi-anual con todos los empleados.
C2 verb /ˈsʌblɪmeɪt/

sublimate

transformar en actividades más elevadas
Meaning
to redirect strong emotions or desires into socially acceptable activities or channels
Example
She sublimated her anger into painting beautiful landscapes.
Ella sublimó su ira en pintar hermosos paisajes.
A1 pronoun /ʃi/

she

ella
Meaning
a female person or animal previously mentioned or easily identified
Example
She is going to the market to buy vegetables.
Ella va al mercado a comprar verduras.
C1 noun /ˈspiːʃiː/

specie

moneda
Meaning
money in the form of coins rather than notes or credit
Example
The transaction was made in specie.
La transacción se hizo en monedas.
C1 noun /stɛlθ/

stealth

sigilo, moverse en secreto
Meaning
The act of moving, doing, or achieving something quietly and secretly.
Example
The cat moved with stealth towards its prey.
El gato se movió sigilosamente hacia su presa.
A1 noun /ˈswɪmɪŋ/

swimming

natación
Meaning
the activity or sport of moving through water using the limbs
Example
Swimming is a great way to stay fit and healthy.
La natación es una excelente manera de mantenerse en forma y saludable.
B1 verb /ˈsɪzər/

scissor

cortar con tijeras
Meaning
to cut with or as if with scissors
Example
The tailor scissored the fabric neatly.
El sastre cortó la tela de manera ordenada.
C1 noun /ʃæk/

Shack

choza
Meaning
a small, crudely built dwelling; a poorly constructed building
Example
The fisherman lived in a small shack near the beach.
El pescador vivía en una pequeña choza cerca de la playa.
B2 noun /ˈʃʌv.əl/

Shovel

pala
Meaning
a tool with a broad flat blade and long handle used for digging and moving earth, snow, or other materials
Example
He grabbed a shovel to clear the snow from the driveway.
Él agarró una pala para limpiar la nieve del camino de entrada.
C2 noun /ˈsɪŋ.krə.ni/

synchrony

sincronía
Meaning
Coordination in time, harmony in action or movement.
Example
Their dance performance showed perfect synchrony.
Su actuación de baile mostró una sincronía perfecta.
C2 adjective /ˈsɪbɪlaɪn/

sibylline

sibila
Meaning
Prophetic, mysterious, or cryptic in meaning.
Example
The old woman gave a sibylline warning about the future.
La anciana dio una advertencia sibila sobre el futuro.
B2 noun /ˈsaɪrən/

siren

sirena
Meaning
A device that makes a loud prolonged sound as a signal or warning; in mythology, a creature that lures sailors with enchanting songs.
Example
The police car passed with its siren blaring.
El coche de policía pasó con su sirena sonando.
B2 noun /sɪv/

Seive

colador
Meaning
a utensil consisting of a wire or plastic mesh held in a frame, used for straining solids from liquids
Example
She used a sieve to separate the flour from lumps.
Ella usó un colador para separar la harina de los grumos.
C1 verb /skɒf/

scoff

burlarse
Meaning
to speak about something in a mocking or dismissive way
Example
He scoffed at the idea of moving abroad.
Él se burló de la idea de mudarse al extranjero.
C2 adjective /sɪˈdɪʃəs/

seditious

sedicioso
Meaning
Encouraging rebellion against authority.
Example
The activist spread seditious pamphlets among the crowd.
El activista distribuyó folletos sediciosos entre la multitud.
B1 noun /ˈsæm.ən/

salmon

salmón
Meaning
A large fish with pink flesh, often eaten as food.
Example
They served grilled salmon for dinner.
Sirvieron salmón a la parrilla para la cena.
A1 noun /suːp/

Soup

sopa
Meaning
a liquid food made by boiling meat, vegetables, or other ingredients in water
Example
I had a bowl of chicken soup for lunch.
Tuve un tazón de sopa de pollo para el almuerzo.
C1 verb /səbˈvɜːrt/

subvert

subvertir
Meaning
to undermine or overthrow an established system, authority, or institution
Example
The rebels tried to subvert the government.
Los rebeldes intentaron subvertir el gobierno.
B1 noun /sɒk/

sock

calcetín
Meaning
a piece of clothing worn on the foot and lower part of the leg.
Example
He put on a pair of clean socks before leaving the house.
Se puso un par de calcetines limpios antes de salir de casa.
B2 adjective /sɪˈlek.tɪv/

Selective

selectivo
Meaning
relating to or involving careful selection; choosy about what to accept
Example
The university has a selective admission process for new students.
La universidad tiene un proceso selectivo de admisión para los nuevos estudiantes.
C2 noun /sɪˈmɪlɪtjuːd/

Similitude

similitud; semejanza
Meaning
the quality or state of being similar; resemblance
Example
The similitude between the two paintings suggested they were by the same artist.
La similitud entre las dos pinturas sugirió que fueron hechas por el mismo artista.
B1 verb, adjective /spɛnt/

spent

gastado, agotado
Meaning
Past tense and past participle of 'spend'; also used as an adjective meaning exhausted or used up.
Example
She spent all her energy preparing for the exam.
Ella gastó toda su energía preparándose para el examen.
C1 noun /saɪð/

scythe

hoz
Meaning
A tool with a long curved blade used for cutting grass or grain.
Example
The farmer sharpened his scythe before harvesting the wheat.
El agricultor afiló su hoz antes de cosechar el trigo.
C1 noun/verb /ˈsuː.tʃər/

suture

sutura
Meaning
A stitch or row of stitches holding together the edges of a wound or surgical incision.
Example
The doctor used a suture to close the wound.
El doctor usó una sutura para cerrar la herida.
C2 adjective /ˈslɪpʃɒd/

slipshod

desordenado, negligente
Meaning
done in a careless, sloppy, or untidy way
Example
The project failed due to slipshod planning.
El proyecto fracasó debido a la planificación desordenada.
B2 noun /ˈspəʊkswɪmən/

spokeswoman

portavoz mujer
Meaning
a woman who speaks on behalf of a group or organization
Example
The spokeswoman for the company announced the new product.
La portavoz de la compañía anunció el nuevo producto.
C1 noun /ˌsɑːrdʒənt ˈmeɪdʒər/

sergeant-major

sargento-mayor
Meaning
A senior non-commissioned officer in the army responsible for discipline and administration within a unit.
Example
The sergeant-major inspected the troops before the parade.
El sargento-mayor inspeccionó a las tropas antes del desfile.
C1 noun /ˈskaɪ.lɑːrk/

Sky-Lark

alondra
Meaning
a small brown bird known for singing while flying high in the sky
Example
The skylark sang beautifully as it soared above the meadow.
La alondra cantó hermosamente mientras se elevaba sobre el prado.
B2 adjective /ˈsoʊloʊ/

solo

solo
Meaning
performed by one person alone; a single performance
Example
She decided to perform a solo dance at the talent show.
Decidió hacer un baile solo en el show de talentos.
B2 verb, noun, adjective /streɪ/

stray

perderse
Meaning
to move away from the correct path or go off course; a person or animal that has wandered off; something that is not where it belongs
Example
The dog strayed from the yard and got lost.
El perro se desvió del jardín y se perdió.
B2 adjective /ˈsʌt.əl/

subtle

sutil, ligero, delicado
Meaning
So delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyze or describe; making use of clever and indirect methods.
Example
The artist's use of color was subtle yet powerful.
El uso del color por parte del artista fue sutil pero poderoso.
B2 adjective /sɔːr/

sore

dolorido
Meaning
painful or aching, usually in a specific part of the body
Example
After the long run, my legs were sore.
Después de la carrera larga, mis piernas estaban doloridas.
C1 adjective /ˈseɪlaɪn/

Saline

salino; relacionado con agua salada
Meaning
containing salt; salty; relating to salt water
Example
The saline solution is used for medical treatments.
La solución salina se usa para tratamientos médicos.
A2 noun /staɪl/

Style

estilo
Meaning
a particular way of doing something; a distinctive appearance or manner of expression
Example
She has her own unique style of writing that captivates readers.
Ella tiene su propio estilo único de escribir que cautiva a los lectores.
B2 noun /ʃɪt/

shit

caca
Meaning
a vulgar term for feces or excrement
Example
The dog made a mess by leaving its shit on the floor.
El perro hizo un desorden al dejar su caca en el suelo.
B2 noun ˈsəʊ.lər ˈen.ə.dʒi

solar energy

energía solar
Meaning
Energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy.
Example
Solar energy is vital for reducing carbon emissions.
La energía solar es vital para reducir las emisiones de carbono.
B1 adverb /səkˈsɛsfəli/

successfully

exitosamente
Meaning
in a way that achieves a desired result
Example
She passed the exam successfully after weeks of studying.
Ella aprobó el examen con éxito después de semanas de estudio.
A2 adjective /ˈsep.ər.ət/

Separate

separado; distinto; individual; aparte
Meaning
distinct; not connected; individual; apart
Example
Please keep your personal and professional lives separate.
Por favor, mantén tu vida personal y profesional separada.
C1 verb /səbˈstænʃieɪt/

substantiate

substanciar
Meaning
To provide evidence to support or prove the truth of something.
Example
The lawyer worked to substantiate the claims with solid evidence.
El abogado trabajó para substanciar las reclamaciones con pruebas sólidas.
B1 noun /ˈsʌp.ər/

Supper

cena
Meaning
an evening meal, typically a light or informal one
Example
We usually have supper around seven o'clock.
Normalmente cenamos alrededor de las siete en punto.
C1 adjective /ˈskrʌfi/

Scruffy

desaliñado o desordenado en apariencia; sucio y desgastado
Meaning
untidy or unkempt in appearance; shabby and worn
Example
The scruffy old dog wandered through the streets looking for food.
El perro desaliñado caminó por las calles buscando comida.
C1 noun /stæɡˈneɪ.ʃən/

stagnation

estancamiento
Meaning
A state of inactivity or lack of growth, especially in an economy.
Example
High unemployment led to economic stagnation.
El alto desempleo condujo al estancamiento económico.
B2 verb /ˈsuːpərvaɪz/

supervise

supervisar
Meaning
to watch and direct a person or activity to ensure things are done correctly
Example
The teacher supervises students during the exam.
El maestro supervisa a los estudiantes durante el examen.
C2 noun /ˌsɪmjʊˈleɪkrəm/

simulacrum

simulacro
Meaning
an image or representation of someone or something; a superficial likeness
Example
The statue was only a simulacrum of the ancient god.
La estatua era solo un simulacro del dios antiguo.
C1 noun ˌsʌb.sɪ.dɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

subsidization

subsidio
Meaning
Financial assistance provided by government to make certain goods or services more affordable.
Example
Subsidization of agriculture helps farmers maintain crop production.
La subsidización de la agricultura ayuda a los agricultores a mantener la producción de cultivos.
C1 noun səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈpræktɪsɪz

sustainable practices

prácticas sostenibles
Meaning
Methods and activities that can be maintained over time without depleting natural resources or harming the environment.
Example
Sustainable practices are vital for environmental preservation.
Las prácticas sostenibles son vitales para la preservación del medio ambiente.
C1 adjective ˌsəʊsɪəʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl

sociopolitical

sociopolítico
Meaning
Combining social and political factors.
Example
Sociopolitical factors often influence public policy decisions.
Los factores sociopolíticos a menudo influyen en las decisiones de políticas públicas.
C2 verb /ʃiːð/

sheathe

volver a meter en la vaina
Meaning
to put a sword or knife back into its cover
Example
He quickly sheathed his sword after the duel.
Él rápidamente volvió a meter su espada en su vaina después del duelo.
C1 adjective /ˈskeɪðɪŋ/

scathing

crítica mordaz
Meaning
severely critical; harshly scornful
Example
The critic wrote a scathing review of the movie.
El crítico escribió una crítica mordaz de la película.
A2 noun /ʃɔːrts/

shorts

pantalones cortos
Meaning
a short garment worn on the lower half of the body that covers each leg separately, usually above the knees.
Example
He wore a pair of blue shorts to the beach.
Él usó un par de pantalones cortos azules en la playa.
A2 adjective /sər'praɪz.ɪŋ/

Surprising

sorprendente; asombroso
Meaning
causing surprise; unexpected; remarkable
Example
It's surprising how quickly children learn new languages.
Es sorprendente lo rápido que los niños aprenden nuevos idiomas.
C1 noun /sɪˈnɒpsɪs/

synopsis

sinopsis
Meaning
a brief summary of the main points of a text, film, or research
Example
The publisher asked the author to submit a one-page synopsis of the novel.
El editor le pidió al autor que enviara una sinopsis de una página de la novela.
C1 adjective ˌsɪmbɪˈɒtɪk

symbiotic

simbiótico
Meaning
Involving interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association.
Example
The relationship between the bee and the flower is symbiotic.
La relación entre la abeja y la flor es simbiótica.
B2 adjective /ˈsɛkʃʊəl/

sexual

sexual
Meaning
relating to the instincts, physiological processes, and activities connected with physical attraction or intimate physical contact between individuals
Example
The sexual health of individuals is an important topic in modern medicine.
La salud sexual de las personas es un tema importante en la medicina moderna.
C2 noun /ˈsʌfrədʒɪst/

suffragist

sufragista
Meaning
a person advocating the extension of suffrage, especially to women
Example
The suffragists organized rallies to demand voting rights for women.
Los sufragistas organizaron manifestaciones para exigir los derechos de voto para las mujeres.
A2 noun /stʌf/

stuff

cosas
Meaning
a collection of things or materials, typically unspecified or uncountable
Example
She packed all her stuff into the suitcase.
Ella empacó todas sus cosas en la maleta.
C1 verb/noun /ˈswæɡ.ər/

swagger

presunción
Meaning
To walk or behave in a very confident and arrogant way.
Example
He swaggered into the room as if he owned the place.
Entró en la habitación como si fuera dueño del lugar.
C2 noun /ˈsætræp/

satrap

satrapa
Meaning
a governor of a province in ancient Persia; also used figuratively for a subordinate ruler
Example
The king appointed a satrap to oversee the distant province.
El rey nombró a un satrapa para supervisar la provincia distante.
B1 verb səˈpɔːrtɪŋ

supporting

apoyar
Meaning
Giving assistance to; helping to bear the weight of something.
Example
Supporting education initiatives helps reduce child labour.
Apoyar las iniciativas educativas ayuda a reducir el trabajo infantil.
C2 noun /ˈskʌl.i.ən/

scullion

sirviente de cocina
Meaning
a servant assigned the most menial kitchen tasks
Example
In medieval times, a scullion was responsible for cleaning pots and pans.
En la Edad Media, un scullion era responsable de limpiar las ollas y sartenes.
C1 noun /sɔɪl ˈmæn.ɪdʒ.mənt/

soil management

gestión del suelo
Meaning
The application of operations, practices, and treatments to protect soil and enhance its performance.
Example
Proper soil management improves long-term agricultural productivity.
La gestión adecuada del suelo mejora la productividad agrícola a largo plazo.
B1 noun ˈstæn.dədz

standards

estándares
Meaning
A level of quality or attainment; a required or agreed level of quality or attainment.
Example
High standards inspire competitors.
Los altos estándares inspiran a los competidores.
C1 adjective /ˈstætʃətɔːri/

statutory

estatutario
Meaning
Required, permitted, or enacted by law.
Example
The company must comply with all statutory regulations.
La empresa debe cumplir con todas las regulaciones estatutarias.
B2 verb /sɑːb/

sob

sollozar ruidosamente
Meaning
to cry noisily while taking short breaths
Example
She began to sob uncontrollably after hearing the news.
Ella comenzó a sollozar incontrolablemente después de escuchar la noticia.
B2 noun /ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

specification

especificación
Meaning
a detailed description or assessment of something
Example
The product specification includes all the necessary details.
La especificación del producto incluye todos los detalles necesarios.
B2 noun /ˈsɪləbəs/

syllabus

plan de estudios
Meaning
An outline or summary of topics to be covered in a course of study.
Example
The professor handed out the syllabus on the first day of class.
El profesor entregó el plan de estudios el primer día de clase.
C2 noun /səbˈsɜːviəns/

subservience

subyugación
Meaning
the condition of being too willing to obey or serve others
Example
His subservience to authority annoyed his colleagues.
Su subyugación a la autoridad molestó a sus colegas.
C2 adjective /ˌsæsərˈdoʊtl/

sacerdotal

sacerdotal
Meaning
Relating to priests or the priesthood.
Example
The ritual had a distinctly sacerdotal character.
El ritual tenía un carácter claramente sacerdotal.
C1 verb /siːð/

seethe

hirviendo de rabia
Meaning
To be filled with intense but unexpressed anger or agitation.
Example
She was seething with anger after the unfair decision.
Ella estaba hirviendo de rabia después de la decisión injusta.
B2 adjective /ˌsʌp.lɪˈmen.tər.i/

Supplementary

suplementario; adicional; extra
Meaning
completing or making an addition to something; additional; extra
Example
Students need to buy supplementary books for the course.
Los estudiantes necesitan comprar libros suplementarios para el curso.
C2 noun /ˌsɒ̃ˈfrwɑː/

sangfroid

autocontrol
Meaning
Composure or coolness under pressure.
Example
She impressed everyone with her sangfroid during the interview.
Ella impresionó a todos con su autocontrol durante la entrevista.
C1 adjective /ˌsæŋktɪˈmoʊniəs/

sanctimonious

hipócrita y moralista
Meaning
Making a show of being morally superior to others; hypocritically pious.
Example
He gave a sanctimonious speech about honesty while he himself was corrupt.
Él dio un discurso hipócrita sobre la honestidad mientras él mismo era corrupto.
B2 adjective /ˈskɪni/

Skinny

delgado; flaco; escuálido
Meaning
very thin; having little flesh or fat on the body
Example
The skinny cat looked like it hadn't eaten for days.
El gato delgado parecía que no había comido en días.
A2 verb /səˈpɔːrt/

support

apoyar
Meaning
to help or assist someone; to hold up or bear the weight of something
Example
The family will support their son through his studies.
La familia apoyará a su hijo en sus estudios.
C2 adjective /spɪk/

Spick

extremadamente limpio y ordenado; inmaculado
Meaning
extremely clean and neat; immaculate
Example
The house was spick and span after the cleaning.
La casa estaba completamente limpia y ordenada después de la limpieza.
B2 adjective /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd/

specialized

especializado
Meaning
designed or developed for a particular purpose or function
Example
He has a specialized knowledge of ancient civilizations.
Él tiene un conocimiento especializado de las civilizaciones antiguas.
B1 noun /səˈdʒes.tʃən/

Suggestion

sugerencia; consejo
Meaning
an idea or plan put forward for consideration; advice or recommendation
Example
Do you have any suggestions for improving our team's productivity?
¿Tienes alguna sugerencia para mejorar la productividad de nuestro equipo?
C1 noun /ˈstɪklər/

stickler

persona estricta con las normas
Meaning
a person who insists on a certain quality or standard of behavior
Example
He is a stickler for punctuality and never tolerates delays.
Él es muy estricto con la puntualidad y no tolera retrasos.
A2 adjective /sɔft/

Soft

suave; blando; tierno
Meaning
not hard or firm; gentle; quiet; tender
Example
The pillow is very soft and comfortable.
La almohada es muy suave y cómoda.
B2 adjective /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk/

systematic

sistemático
Meaning
Done or acting according to a fixed plan or system; methodical.
Example
The company took a systematic approach to solving the issue.
La empresa adoptó un enfoque sistemático para resolver el problema.
A1 noun ˈstjuː.dənt

student

estudiante
Meaning
A person who is studying at a school or university.
Example
Students participated actively in the protests.
Los estudiantes participaron activamente en las protestas.
A2 noun /siːn/

scene

escena
Meaning
a place or setting of an event or activity, or the part of a play or film
Example
The final scene of the movie was very emotional.
La última escena de la película fue muy emocional.
B1 verb /siːl/

seal

sellar, cerrar
Meaning
to close or secure something tightly or officially confirm something
Example
He sealed the envelope before sending the letter.
Él selló el sobre antes de enviar la carta.
C2 noun /ˌself əˈbeɪs.mənt/

self-abasement

automenos
Meaning
The act of belittling or humiliating oneself.
Example
His constant self-abasement made others uncomfortable.
Su constante automenos lo hacía sentir incómodo frente a los demás.
C1 noun /ˈstæl.i.ən/

stallion

caballo macho para cría
Meaning
An adult male horse that is not castrated, often used for breeding.
Example
The farm owns a powerful stallion for breeding purposes.
La granja posee un caballo macho poderoso para fines de cría.
C1 noun/verb /skɜːrdʒ/

scourge

maldición / flagelo
Meaning
A source of great pain or punishment; to whip or inflict suffering on someone.
Example
Disease and poverty remain a scourge in many regions.
La enfermedad y la pobreza siguen siendo una maldición en muchas regiones.
B2 noun səˌsteɪ.nəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

sustainability

sostenibilidad
Meaning
The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level; the avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain ecological balance.
Example
Sustainability ensures long-term environmental health.
La sostenibilidad garantiza la salud ambiental a largo plazo.
C2 verb /ˌsuːpərˈhiːt/

superheat

sobrecalentar
Meaning
to heat a substance beyond its normal boiling point without it becoming vapor
Example
Engineers superheat the steam to increase the efficiency of the turbine.
Los ingenieros sobrecalientan el vapor para aumentar la eficiencia de la turbina.
B1 noun /ʃel/

Shell

cáscara
Meaning
hard outer covering of an animal; explosive projectile for a gun
Example
The artillery fired a shell at the enemy position.
La artillería disparó una cáscara a la posición enemiga.
C2 verb /ʃʌk/

shuck

pelar
Meaning
To remove the outer covering, such as the husk of corn or shell of shellfish.
Example
She learned how to shuck oysters quickly.
Ella aprendió a pelar ostras rápidamente.
A2 adjective /ˈsɛvənθ/

seventh

séptimo
Meaning
constituting number seven in a sequence; coming after the sixth
Example
Her birthday is on the seventh of July.
Su cumpleaños es el séptimo de julio.
C1 noun /sɪlk klɔːθ/

Silk cloth

tela de seda
Meaning
fabric made from natural fibers produced by silkworms
Example
The bride wore a beautiful dress made of silk cloth.
La novia llevaba un hermoso vestido hecho de tela de seda.
C1 noun /ˈskruːpəl/

scruple

escrúpulo
Meaning
A moral or ethical consideration that restrains actions.
Example
He had no scruples about lying to get ahead.
Él no tenía escrúpulos para mentir y avanzar.
A2 noun /ʃɛlf/

shelf

estante
Meaning
a flat surface used for storing or displaying things, typically fixed to a wall or inside a cabinet
Example
I placed the books on the shelf next to the window.
Puse los libros en el estante junto a la ventana.
B1 noun /ˈsɛkʃən/

section

sección
Meaning
a distinct part or subdivision of something larger
Example
This section of the report needs further review.
Esta sección del informe necesita una revisión adicional.
B1 adjective ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk

scientific

científico
Meaning
Based on or characterized by the methods and principles of science.
Example
Scientific discoveries continue to shape our understanding of the world.
Los descubrimientos científicos siguen dando forma a nuestra comprensión del mundo.
C1 noun স্ক্রোলিং অ্যাডিকশন

scrolling addiction

adicción al desplazamiento
Meaning
A compulsive need to continuously scroll through content on digital devices, particularly smartphones and social media platforms.
Example
Scrolling addiction is a growing concern among smartphone users.
La adicción al desplazamiento es una preocupación creciente entre los usuarios de teléfonos inteligentes.
C1 adjective /ˈstɒdʒi/

stodgy

pesado, anticuado
Meaning
Dull, uninspired, or old-fashioned; also heavy and hard to digest when referring to food.
Example
The lecture was so stodgy that many students struggled to stay awake.
La conferencia fue tan pesada que muchos estudiantes tuvieron dificultades para mantenerse despiertos.
B2 verb /stroʊk/

stroke

acariciar
Meaning
to move your hand gently over something; to hit or touch something gently
Example
She stroked the cat's fur gently.
Ella acarició suavemente el pelaje del gato.
C1 noun ˈsʌb.tɛkst

subtext

subtexto
Meaning
Hidden meaning or message behind spoken or written words
Example
The subtext of his speech suggested disagreement.
El subtexto de su discurso sugirió desacuerdo.
A2 noun /stɔːrm/

Storm

tormenta
Meaning
a violent weather condition with strong winds, rain, thunder, and lightning
Example
The storm caused power outages across the city.
La tormenta causó apagones en toda la ciudad.
C1 adjective /səˈtɪrɪk/

satiric

satírico
Meaning
Relating to or using satire.
Example
The novel takes a satiric view of urban life.
La novela tiene una visión satírica de la vida urbana.
A2 noun /ˈstrɔːbəri/

Strawberry

fresa
Meaning
a small red heart-shaped fruit with tiny seeds on the surface and sweet taste
Example
I love eating fresh strawberries with cream during summer.
Me encanta comer fresas frescas con crema durante el verano.
C1 noun /ˈsæf.rən/

Saffron

azafrán
Meaning
a deep yellow-orange color; an expensive spice derived from crocus flowers
Example
The saffron fabric looked beautiful in the sunlight.
La tela de azafrán se veía hermosa a la luz del sol.
C1 verb /slaʊtʃ/

slouch

encorvarse
Meaning
To stand, sit, or move in a lazy or awkward way.
Example
He slouched in the chair, looking tired.
Se encorvó en la silla, luciendo cansado.
B2 verb /ʃrʌɡ/

shrug

encogerse de hombros
Meaning
To raise and lower the shoulders to express uncertainty or indifference.
Example
He shrugged when asked about the missing file.
Él se encogió de hombros cuando le preguntaron sobre el archivo perdido.
C1 adjective /ˈspɪndli/

spindly

delgado y débil
Meaning
Long, thin, and weak-looking
Example
The spindly tree bent under the weight of the snow.
El árbol delgado se inclinó bajo el peso de la nieve.
B2 adjective /sɪmˈbɒlɪk/

symbolic

simbólico
Meaning
serving as a symbol or representing something else
Example
The dove is symbolic of peace and freedom.
La paloma es simbólica de la paz y la libertad.
B1 verb /ˈstɒpɪŋ/

stopping

detener
Meaning
Coming to a halt or pause.
Example
The ship is stopping at the Falkland Islands.
El barco está deteniéndose en las Islas Malvinas.