skimp
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C1 verb /skɪmp/

skimp

escatimar
Meaning
to use less of something than is necessary in order to save money or effort
Example
Don’t skimp on quality when buying a new laptop.
No escatimes en calidad al comprar una nueva laptop.
C1 noun/verb /ˈsuː.tʃər/

suture

sutura
Meaning
A stitch or row of stitches holding together the edges of a wound or surgical incision.
Example
The doctor used a suture to close the wound.
El doctor usó una sutura para cerrar la herida.
C1 adjective /ˌsɛm.iˈæn.ju.əl/

semiannual

semi-anual
Meaning
Occurring twice a year; every six months.
Example
The company holds a semiannual meeting with all employees.
La empresa organiza una reunión semi-anual con todos los empleados.
C1 verb /sʌlk/

sulk

estar enojado
Meaning
to be silent and bad-tempered because you are angry or disappointed
Example
She sulked in her room after the argument.
Ella se enojó en su habitación después de la discusión.
C1 noun /ˈʃæmbəlz/

shambles

desorden total
Meaning
a state of complete disorder or ruin
Example
After the storm, the whole town was in shambles.
Después de la tormenta, toda la ciudad estaba en desorden total.
C1 verb ˈsɪn.θə.saɪ.zɪŋ

synthesizing

sintetizar, combinar, presentar de forma coherente
Meaning
Combine (a number of things) into a coherent whole.
Example
He excels in synthesizing ideas from different sources.
Él sobresale en sintetizar ideas de diferentes fuentes.
C1 noun /ˈsɪstərhʊd/

sisterhood

hermandad
Meaning
The relationship between sisters, or a community of women united by shared experiences or goals.
Example
The feminist movement created a strong sense of sisterhood among women.
El movimiento feminista creó un fuerte sentido de hermandad entre las mujeres.
C1 noun, adjective, verb /səˈbɔːrdənət/ (noun/adjective), /səˈbɔːrdəˌneɪt/ (verb)

subordinate

subordinado
Meaning
lower in rank or position; to treat as less important
Example
He manages ten subordinates in his department.
Él gestiona diez subordinados en su departamento.
C1 noun /ˈskeɪp.ɡəʊt/

Scapegoat

chivo expiatorio
Meaning
a person who is blamed for the wrongdoings, mistakes, or faults of others
Example
He became the scapegoat for the team's poor performance.
Se convirtió en el chivo expiatorio del pobre rendimiento del equipo.
C1 verb /skrɔːl/

scrawl

escribir rápidamente y de manera desordenada
Meaning
to write or draw something quickly and carelessly, making it hard to read
Example
He scrawled his signature at the bottom of the page.
Él scrawle su firma en la parte inferior de la página.
C1 verb /ˈʃʌdər/

shudder

temblar
Meaning
to tremble or shake suddenly, often due to fear, cold, or strong emotion
Example
She shuddered at the thought of walking alone in the dark forest.
Ella se estremeció al pensar en caminar sola en el oscuro bosque.
C1 adjective /steɪd/

staid

serio, respetable
Meaning
Serious, respectable, and unadventurous.
Example
He came from a staid family background.
Él vino de una familia seria.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌpl/

supple

flexible
Meaning
Easily bending or moving without breaking; flexible and adaptable.
Example
The gymnast’s body was remarkably supple.
El cuerpo de la gimnasta era notablemente flexible.
C1 noun /ˈsɛpərətɪst/

separatist

separatista
Meaning
A person who supports the separation of a group from a larger body, often for political or cultural independence.
Example
The separatist group demanded independence from the central government.
El grupo separatista exigió la independencia del gobierno central.
C1 verb /səˈlɪdəˌfaɪ/

solidify

solidificar
Meaning
To make something firm, strong, or more certain.
Example
The company solidified its position in the market.
La empresa solidificó su posición en el mercado.
C1 adjective /ˈswoʊlən/

swollen

hinchado
Meaning
Enlarged or puffed up, usually due to injury, inflammation, or fluid accumulation
Example
Her ankle was swollen after she twisted it during the hike.
Su tobillo estaba hinchado después de torcerlo durante la caminata.
C1 adjective /sɪmˈfɒnɪk/

symphonic

sinfónico
Meaning
relating to or having the character of a symphony or symphony orchestra
Example
The concert featured a symphonic masterpiece.
El concierto presentó una obra maestra sinfónica.
C1 noun/verb /sleɪt/

slate

pizarra / programar
Meaning
a fine-grained rock used for roofing or writing; to schedule or designate for a task
Example
The meeting is slated for next Monday.
La reunión está programada para el próximo lunes.
C1 verb sɪˈkwɛstər

sequester

aislar, esconder
Meaning
To isolate or hide away.
Example
The carbon captured by trees can be sequestered for years.
El carbono capturado por los árboles puede ser aislado durante años.
C1 verb/noun /snɑːrl/

snarl

gruñido, atasco
Meaning
to growl aggressively with bared teeth; a tangle or mess
Example
The dog snarled at the stranger near the gate.
El perro gruñó al extraño cerca de la puerta.
C1 verb /slɪŋk/

slink

deslizarse en silencio
Meaning
to move quietly and secretly, often to avoid being noticed
Example
The cat slunk into the room without making a sound.
El gato entró en la habitación sin hacer ruido.
C1 verb /ˈsælvɪdʒ/

salvage

salvar
Meaning
To save something from loss, damage, or destruction.
Example
They managed to salvage some goods from the fire.
Lograron salvar algunos bienes del incendio.
C1 adjective /sɔɪld/

soiled

sucio
Meaning
dirty or stained; not clean
Example
His clothes were soiled after playing in the mud.
Su ropa estaba sucia después de jugar en el barro.
C1 verb /sərˈpæs/

surpass

superar
Meaning
to exceed or go beyond
Example
Her performance surpassed all expectations.
Su rendimiento superó todas las expectativas.
C1 verb /səbˈmɜːrdʒ/

submerge

sumergir
Meaning
to put under water or cover with liquid
Example
The floodwaters threatened to submerge the village.
Las aguas de la inundación amenazaron con sumergir el pueblo.
C1 adjective /sɪmˈplɪstɪk/

simplistic

excesivamente simplificado
Meaning
treating complex issues as if they were much simpler than they really are
Example
His explanation was too simplistic and ignored key details.
Su explicación fue demasiado simplificada e ignoró detalles clave.
C1 noun /ˈsʌm.ɪt əv ðə ˈfjuː.tʃər/

Summit of the Future

Cumbre del futuro
Meaning
A high-level conference focused on addressing future challenges and opportunities.
Example
The Summit of the Future addressed global challenges.
La Cumbre del Futuro abordó los desafíos globales.
C1 noun /sərˈveɪər/

surveyor

topógrafo
Meaning
A person who measures and maps land, buildings, or other features.
Example
The surveyor measured the land for construction.
El topógrafo midió la tierra para la construcción.
C1 noun /swiːt.laɪm/

Sweetlime

limón dulce
Meaning
a citrus fruit that is sweeter and less acidic than regular lime
Example
The sweetlime juice was refreshing on a hot day.
El jugo de limón dulce era refrescante en un día caluroso.
C1 noun /ˈspɪnstər/

spinster

soltera
Meaning
An unmarried woman, often one who is older and considered unlikely to marry
Example
The novel featured a kind-hearted spinster who cared for the village children.
La novela presentó a una soltera de buen corazón que cuidaba a los niños del pueblo.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪnləs/

Sinless

sin pecado; inocente; puro
Meaning
free from sin; pure and innocent; without moral fault
Example
The innocent child appeared sinless in her pure white dress.
La niña inocente apareció sin pecado con su vestido blanco puro.
C1 adjective /skænt/

Scant

escaso
Meaning
barely sufficient; inadequate; small in amount
Example
There was scant evidence to support his claim.
Había pocas pruebas para respaldar su afirmación.
C1 noun /ˈskep.tɪ.sɪ.zəm/

skepticism

escepticismo, duda
Meaning
A skeptical attitude; doubt as to the truth of something.
Example
His skepticism about new technology often makes him resistant to change.
Su escepticismo sobre la nueva tecnología a menudo lo hace resistente al cambio.
C1 adjective ˈsɒvrɪn

sovereign

soberano, supremo
Meaning
Possessing supreme or ultimate power; independent.
Example
The sovereign government has control over its currency.
El gobierno soberano tiene control sobre su moneda.
C1 noun /ˌsɛnsɪtaɪˈzeɪʃən/

sensitization

sensibilización
Meaning
The process of becoming sensitive to a substance, situation, or influence.
Example
The doctor warned about the sensitization caused by repeated exposure to chemicals.
El doctor advirtió sobre la sensibilización causada por la exposición repetida a productos químicos.
C1 adjective /ˌsɛlf ˈraɪtʃəs/

self-righteous

autojustificado
Meaning
Having or showing an attitude of moral superiority; believing one’s own beliefs are the only right ones.
Example
His self-righteous comments made everyone uncomfortable.
Sus comentarios autojustificados hicieron que todos se sintieran incómodos.
C1 noun /stɪˈlɛtoʊ/

stiletto

zapato de tacón delgado / daga
Meaning
A small, thin, high-heeled shoe or a dagger with a slender blade.
Example
She wore elegant stiletto heels to the party.
Ella llevaba unos elegantes tacones stilettos a la fiesta.
C1 noun/verb /spuːf/

spoof

imitación humorística
Meaning
A humorous imitation of something, or to trick or parody someone or something.
Example
The comedian spoofed the politician’s speech to entertain the audience.
El comediante parodió el discurso del político para entretener al público.
C1 verb /ˈstriːm.laɪn/

streamline

simplificar o aumentar la eficiencia
Meaning
To make a process simpler and more efficient.
Example
The company aims to streamline production to reduce costs.
La compañía tiene como objetivo optimizar la producción para reducir los costos.
C1 adjective /ˈskrʌfi/

Scruffy

desaliñado o desordenado en apariencia; sucio y desgastado
Meaning
untidy or unkempt in appearance; shabby and worn
Example
The scruffy old dog wandered through the streets looking for food.
El perro desaliñado caminó por las calles buscando comida.
C1 verb /ˈsaɪdˌtræk/

sidetrack

desviar
Meaning
To distract from the main subject or activity.
Example
She was sidetracked by an unexpected phone call.
Ella se desvió por una llamada telefónica inesperada.
C1 noun /ˈstætʃuːt/

statute

ley
Meaning
A written law passed by a legislative body.
Example
The new statute protects workers' rights.
La nueva ley protege los derechos de los trabajadores.
C1 adjective /sɪˈmɛtrɪkəl/

symmetrical

simétrico
Meaning
having parts on either side that match or are the same in shape, size, or arrangement
Example
The artist designed a symmetrical pattern on the floor.
El artista diseñó un patrón simétrico en el suelo.
C1 noun /sɪˈnɒpsɪs/

synopsis

sinopsis
Meaning
a brief summary of the main points of a text, film, or research
Example
The publisher asked the author to submit a one-page synopsis of the novel.
El editor le pidió al autor que enviara una sinopsis de una página de la novela.
C1 verb/noun /skaʊl/

scowl

fruncir el ceño
Meaning
To frown in an angry or bad-tempered way.
Example
She scowled when she heard the unfair remark.
Ella frunció el ceño cuando escuchó el comentario injusto.
C1 noun /ˈstaɪpend/

Stipend

subsidio
Meaning
a fixed regular sum paid as a salary or allowance
Example
The research student receives a monthly stipend for living expenses.
El estudiante de investigación recibe un estipendio mensual para sus gastos de vida.
C1 verb /ʃraʊd/

shroud

envolver
Meaning
to cover or hide; to wrap in cloth
Example
The mountain peak was shrouded in mist.
La cima de la montaña estaba envuelta en niebla.
C1 adjective /ˈspel.baʊnd/

Spellbound

hechizado; cautivado
Meaning
completely fascinated and unable to move or think about anything else; enchanted
Example
The children sat spellbound as the magician performed his tricks.
Los niños se quedaron hechizados mientras el mago hacía sus trucos.
C1 adjective /sliːk/

sleek

elegante y brillante
Meaning
smooth, shiny, and stylish
Example
She drove a sleek black sports car.
Ella condujo un coche deportivo brillante y elegante.
C1 noun ˈsæŋktɪti

sanctity

santidad
Meaning
The state or quality of being holy, sacred, or saintly; ultimate importance.
Example
The sanctity of life should never be compromised.
La santidad de la vida nunca debe ser comprometida.
C1 adjective /səˈsɛp.tə.bəl/

susceptible

propenso o vulnerable a ser influenciado o dañado por algo en particular
Meaning
Likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing.
Example
Children are more susceptible to infections.
Los niños son más susceptibles a las infecciones.
C1 noun /ˈstoʊəˌweɪ/

stowaway

polizón
Meaning
A person who hides on a ship, plane, or other vehicle in order to travel secretly without paying.
Example
The crew discovered a stowaway hiding in the cargo hold.
La tripulación descubrió un polizón escondido en el compartimento de carga.
C1 noun /stɑːr ˈæn.ɪs/

Star Anise

anís estrellado
Meaning
star-shaped spice pod with a licorice-like flavor used in cooking
Example
She added star anise to the soup for aromatic flavor.
Ella agregó anís estrellado a la sopa para darle un sabor aromático.
C1 adjective /ˈspeɪʃəl/

spatial

espacial
Meaning
relating to space or the position, area, and size of things
Example
The scientist studied the spatial arrangement of stars.
El científico estudió la disposición espacial de las estrellas.
C1 adjective /ˈskrʌmpʃəs/

scrumptious

exquisito
Meaning
extremely tasty or delicious
Example
She baked a scrumptious chocolate cake for the party.
Ella horneó un exquisito pastel de chocolate para la fiesta.
C1 verb /ˈstæmər/

stammer

tartamudear
Meaning
To speak with sudden involuntary pauses and a tendency to repeat the initial letters of words.
Example
The nervous student began to stammer during his speech.
El estudiante nervioso comenzó a tartamudear durante su discurso.
C1 verb /smɛlt/

smelt

fundir
Meaning
to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting
Example
The workers smelt iron from its ore in the factory.
Los trabajadores funden hierro de su mineral en la fábrica.
C1 noun /sɪlk klɔːθ/

Silk cloth

tela de seda
Meaning
fabric made from natural fibers produced by silkworms
Example
The bride wore a beautiful dress made of silk cloth.
La novia llevaba un hermoso vestido hecho de tela de seda.
C1 adjective ˌsʌbˈlɪm.ɪ.nəl

subliminal

existente o que opera por debajo del umbral de conciencia, percibido o que afecta la mente de alguien sin que lo sepa
Meaning
Existing or operating below the threshold of consciousness; perceived by or affecting someone's mind without their being aware of it.
Example
Advertisements often have subliminal messages.
Los anuncios a menudo contienen mensajes subliminales.
C1 noun ˈsʌfrɪdʒ

suffrage

sufragio
Meaning
The right to vote in political elections; the principle of political representation.
Example
Universal suffrage was a key demand.
El sufragio universal fue una demanda clave.
C1 noun /ˈsteɪ.ʃən.ər/

Stationer

papelería
Meaning
a person who sells paper, pens, pencils, and other office supplies
Example
The stationer recommended the best pens for writing exams.
El estacionista recomendó los mejores bolígrafos para los exámenes.
C1 noun, verb /ˈskʌf.əl/

scuffle

pelea/disputa
Meaning
a short, confused fight or struggle; to engage in such a fight
Example
Two players scuffled on the field after the foul.
Dos jugadores se pelearon en el campo después de la falta.
C1 adjective /ˈsɒnɪk/

sonic

sonico
Meaning
Relating to or involving sound waves or speed of sound.
Example
The jet created a loud boom when it broke the sonic barrier.
El jet creó un fuerte estruendo cuando rompió la barrera sónica.
C1 noun /ˈʃeɪvɪŋ/

shaving

afeitado
Meaning
the act of removing hair with a razor; a thin strip or piece shaved from something
Example
He bought a new cream for shaving.
Compró una nueva crema para afeitarse.
C1 verb/noun /skɒtʃ/

scotch

poner fin / whisky escocés
Meaning
to put an end to something; also a type of whisky
Example
The report scotched the rumors of a merger.
El informe puso fin a los rumores sobre una fusión.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪm.jʊ.leɪ.tɪd/

simulated

simulado
Meaning
Artificially created to look real but not actually real.
Example
The pilot trained in a simulated flight environment.
El piloto entrenó en un ambiente de vuelo simulado.
C1 verb /ˈʃrɪvəl/

shrivel

arrugar
Meaning
To become dry, wrinkled, and smaller due to lack of moisture.
Example
The flowers shriveled under the hot sun.
Las flores se arrugaron bajo el sol caliente.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈsɒlvənt/

solvent

disolvente, capaz de pagar deudas
Meaning
a liquid that dissolves other substances; also means able to pay debts
Example
Acetone is a common solvent used in laboratories.
El acetona es un disolvente común usado en laboratorios.
C1 adjective /ˈskrɔːni/

scrawny

flaco
Meaning
very thin and bony, often looking unhealthy
Example
The scrawny boy could barely lift the heavy bag.
El chico flaco apenas podía levantar la bolsa pesada.
C1 adjective sɪˈmæn.tɪk

semantic

relacionado con el significado en el lenguaje
Meaning
Related to meaning in language; concerning the interpretation of words and sentences.
Example
AI models use semantic analysis to understand context.
Los modelos de IA utilizan análisis semántico para entender el contexto.
C1 noun, verb /səˈpiːnə/

subpoena

citación judicial
Meaning
a legal document ordering someone to attend court; to summon someone with such a document
Example
The witness received a subpoena to appear in court next week.
El testigo recibió una citación judicial para comparecer en la corte la próxima semana.
C1 adjective /smʌɡ/

smug

presumido
Meaning
having or showing an excessive pride in oneself or one's achievements
Example
He wore a smug smile after winning the debate.
Llevaba una sonrisa presuntuosa después de ganar el debate.
C1 verb /sɪˈkriːt/

secrete

secreción
Meaning
to produce and release a substance from a cell, gland, or organ
Example
The pancreas secretes insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.
El páncreas secreta insulina para regular los niveles de azúcar en la sangre.
C1 noun /ˈswɪndlɚ/

swindler

estafador
Meaning
a person who cheats or deceives others for money or gain
Example
The police finally caught the notorious swindler.
La policía finalmente atrapó al notorio estafador.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪn.tɪ.leɪ.tɪŋ/

scintillating

deslumbrante
Meaning
brilliantly clever, exciting, or sparkling
Example
Her scintillating conversation kept everyone entertained.
Su conversación deslumbrante mantuvo a todos entretenidos.
C1 noun /stɛlθ/

stealth

sigilo, moverse en secreto
Meaning
The act of moving, doing, or achieving something quietly and secretly.
Example
The cat moved with stealth towards its prey.
El gato se movió sigilosamente hacia su presa.
C1 noun /ˈsæf.aɪər/

Saphire

zafiro
Meaning
a precious stone that is typically blue in color
Example
The royal crown was adorned with a large sapphire.
La corona real estaba adornada con un gran zafiro.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌl.ki/

Sulky

malhumorado y taciturno; temperamental
Meaning
bad-tempered and sullen; moody
Example
The child became sulky when he couldn't get his favorite toy.
El niño se puso malhumorado cuando no pudo conseguir su juguete favorito.
C1 verb /stoʊk/

stoke

avivar el fuego; fomentar o aumentar un sentimiento o actividad fuerte
Meaning
To add fuel to a fire; to encourage or increase a strong feeling or activity.
Example
The politician’s speech stoked anger among the crowd.
El discurso del político encendió la ira entre la multitud.
C1 adjective /ˈsɔːrdɪd/

sordid

sórdido
Meaning
involving immoral or dishonorable actions; dirty or unpleasant
Example
The newspaper exposed the politician's sordid past.
El periódico expuso el pasado sórdido del político.
C1 noun səˈlɪnɪti ɪnˈtruːʒən

salinity intrusion

intrusión de salinidad
Meaning
The movement of salt water into freshwater areas, typically affecting coastal regions.
Example
Salinity intrusion affects coastal regions.
La intrusión de salinidad afecta las regiones costeras.
C1 verb /skɒf/

scoff

burlarse
Meaning
to speak about something in a mocking or dismissive way
Example
He scoffed at the idea of moving abroad.
Él se burló de la idea de mudarse al extranjero.
C1 adjective ˈsek.tər spəˈsɪf.ɪk

sector-specific

específico del sector
Meaning
Relating to or designed for a particular sector or industry.
Example
Sector-specific policies attract targeted investments.
Las políticas específicas del sector atraen inversiones dirigidas.
C1 /ʃrɛd/

shred

triturar
Meaning
to tear or cut something into small pieces
Example
She shredded the old documents before throwing them away.
Ella trituró los viejos documentos antes de tirarlos.
C1 verb /ˈskaʊər/

scour

fregar / buscar exhaustivamente
Meaning
to clean or brighten the surface of something by scrubbing; to search thoroughly
Example
She scoured the kitchen until it shone.
Ella fregó la cocina hasta que brilló.
C1 verb /ʃɪə/

shear

cortar
Meaning
to cut the wool off a sheep or to cut something with sharp tools like scissors or shears
Example
The farmer will shear the sheep in the spring.
El agricultor sheará la oveja en la primavera.
C1 verb /skʌlpt/

sculpt

felicidad
Meaning
to create or shape something by carving or molding
Example
The artist sculpted a beautiful statue from marble.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 noun /sɪr/

seer

vidente
Meaning
A person who is supposed to be able to see what will happen in the future; a prophet.
Example
The seer predicted a great change in the kingdom.
El vidente predijo un gran cambio en el reino.
C1 noun /ˈsæf.rən/

Saffron

azafrán
Meaning
a deep yellow-orange color; an expensive spice derived from crocus flowers
Example
The saffron fabric looked beautiful in the sunlight.
La tela de azafrán se veía hermosa a la luz del sol.
C1 verb /ˈstriːmlaɪnɪŋ/

streamlining

simplificación
Meaning
The process of making an organization or system more efficient by simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps
Example
Streamlining processes can significantly reduce operational costs.
La simplificación de procesos puede reducir significativamente los costos operacionales.
C1 verb /ʃʌnt/

shunt

desviar
Meaning
to move or turn aside; to push or divert from one track to another
Example
The train was shunted onto a different track.
El tren fue desviado a otra vía.
C1 adjective /səbˈmɪs.ɪv/

Submissive

sumiso; obediente; sumiso
Meaning
ready to obey others; yielding to authority; humble and compliant
Example
She became submissive after years of harsh treatment.
Se volvió sumisa después de años de trato severo.
C1 adjective səˈblaɪm

sublime

sublime, grandioso, majestuoso
Meaning
Of such excellence, grandeur, or beauty as to inspire great admiration or awe.
Example
The sublime beauty of the mountain landscape took my breath away.
La sublime belleza del paisaje montañoso me dejó sin aliento.
C1 noun ˈsɪmbəlɪzəm

symbolism

simbolismo
Meaning
The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.
Example
The use of symbolism in the novel is masterful.
El uso de simbolismo en la novela es magistral.
C1 noun /ˈsteɪl.meɪt/

stalemate

empate
Meaning
A situation in which no progress can be made or no party can win.
Example
Negotiations ended in a stalemate.
Las negociaciones terminaron en un empate.
C1 noun /ˈspɔɪlˌspɔːrt/

spoilsport

aguafiestas
Meaning
A person who ruins other people's enjoyment or fun.
Example
Don't be a spoilsport and let us enjoy the party.
No seas un aguafiestas y déjanos disfrutar de la fiesta.
C1 noun /ˈskwɒtər/

squatter

ocupante ilegal
Meaning
a person who unlawfully occupies an uninhabited building or unused land
Example
The police removed the squatters from the abandoned house.
La policía sacó a los ocupantes ilegales de la casa abandonada.
C1 adjective /ˈskwiːmɪʃ/

squeamish

fácilmente propenso a sentirse enfermo, mareado o disgustado
Meaning
easily made to feel sick, faint, or disgusted
Example
She felt squeamish at the sight of blood.
Se sintió mareada al ver sangre.
C1 verb /spɜːr/

spur

estimular / incentivar
Meaning
To encourage or motivate someone to take action.
Example
The teacher's praise spurred him to study harder.
El elogio del maestro lo estimuló a estudiar más duro.
C1 noun /ˈsaɪd.laɪn dɪˈskʌʃənz/

sideline discussions

discusiones secundarias
Meaning
Informal or secondary conversations that occur outside the main agenda of a formal meeting.
Example
Sideline discussions often lead to agreements.
Las discusiones secundarias a menudo conducen a acuerdos.
C1 adjective /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/

sanguine

optimista
Meaning
Optimistic or positive, especially in a difficult situation.
Example
Despite the challenges, she remained sanguine about the future.
A pesar de los desafíos, ella se mantuvo optimista acerca del futuro.
C1 noun /ˈspaɪər/

spire

aguja
Meaning
a tall, pointed structure on top of a building, especially a church
Example
The church spire could be seen from miles away.
La aguja de la iglesia se podía ver desde kilómetros de distancia.
C1 adjective /ˈsek.j ə.l ər/

Secular

laico
Meaning
not connected with religious or spiritual matters; worldly
Example
The country maintains a secular government that separates religion from politics.
El país mantiene un gobierno secular que separa la religión de la política.
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrvaɪl/ or /ˈsɜːrvəl/

servile

servil
Meaning
having or showing an excessive willingness to serve or please others
Example
His servile attitude annoyed his colleagues.
Su actitud servil molestaba a sus compañeros.
C1 verb/noun /ˈswæɡ.ər/

swagger

presunción
Meaning
To walk or behave in a very confident and arrogant way.
Example
He swaggered into the room as if he owned the place.
Entró en la habitación como si fuera dueño del lugar.
C1 adjective /səˈdʒɛstɪv/

suggestive

sugestivo
Meaning
tending to suggest ideas or images; sometimes implies something sexual or provocative
Example
The painting was highly suggestive and sparked much debate.
La pintura era muy sugestiva y provocó mucho debate.
C1 /splɪnt/

splint

férula
Meaning
A rigid device used to support and immobilize a broken or injured body part.
Example
The doctor applied a splint to stabilize the patient's broken arm.
El doctor aplicó una férula para estabilizar el brazo roto del paciente.
C1 noun /stɛntʃ/

stench

hedor
Meaning
A very strong and unpleasant smell.
Example
The stench of garbage filled the alley.
El hedor de la basura llenó el callejón.
C1 adjective /sɛkˈtɛəriən/

sectarian

sectario
Meaning
relating to or characterized by the differences between sects, often leading to conflict
Example
The region has been troubled by sectarian violence for decades.
La región ha estado atormentada por la violencia sectaria durante décadas.
C1 adjective /ˌsɛlf əbˈzɔːrbd/

self-absorbed

egocéntrico
Meaning
Excessively preoccupied with oneself and one’s own thoughts, feelings, or interests.
Example
He was too self-absorbed to notice his friend's distress.
Estaba demasiado egocéntrico para notar la angustia de su amigo.
C1 verb /ˌsuːpərˈsiːd/

supersede

reemplazar
Meaning
To replace or take the place of something because it is more modern or effective.
Example
This new law will supersede the old regulations.
Esta nueva ley reemplazará las viejas regulaciones.
C1 noun /sɔɪl ˈmæn.ɪdʒ.mənt/

soil management

gestión del suelo
Meaning
The application of operations, practices, and treatments to protect soil and enhance its performance.
Example
Proper soil management improves long-term agricultural productivity.
La gestión adecuada del suelo mejora la productividad agrícola a largo plazo.
C1 adjective /ˌsæŋktɪˈmoʊniəs/

sanctimonious

hipócrita y moralista
Meaning
Making a show of being morally superior to others; hypocritically pious.
Example
He gave a sanctimonious speech about honesty while he himself was corrupt.
Él dio un discurso hipócrita sobre la honestidad mientras él mismo era corrupto.
C1 verb /səˈplænt/

supplant

suplantar
Meaning
To take the place of something or someone, often by force or strategy.
Example
Digital platforms have supplanted traditional newspapers.
Las plataformas digitales han suplantado a los periódicos tradicionales.
C1 noun /ˈsɪlk.wɜːrm/

Silk-worm

gusano de seda
Meaning
the caterpillar of a moth that produces silk fibers used to make silk fabric
Example
Silkworms feed on mulberry leaves to produce silk.
Los gusanos de seda se alimentan de hojas de morera para producir seda.
C1 verb /ˌsuːpərɪmˈpoʊz/

superimpose

superponer
Meaning
to place one thing on top of another so that both can be seen
Example
The editor superimposed text over the image.
El editor superpuso texto sobre la imagen.
C1 noun /səˈvænə/

savanna

sabana (con árboles dispersos)
Meaning
a grassy plain with scattered trees, typical of tropical and subtropical regions
Example
Giraffes browsed on acacia trees across the wide savanna.
Las jirafas pastaban en los árboles de acacia a través de la amplia sabana.
C1 adjective ˈskruː.pjʊ.ləs

scrupulous

escrupuloso
Meaning
Diligent, thorough, and extremely attentive to details; having moral integrity; acting in strict regard for what is considered right or proper.
Example
He is known for being scrupulous in his work.
Es conocido por ser escrupuloso en su trabajo.
C1 verb /skɔːrtʃ/

scorch

quemar
Meaning
to burn the surface of something slightly
Example
The fire scorched the walls of the building.
El fuego quemó las paredes del edificio.
C1 adjective /sɑːrˈdɒnɪk/

sardonic

felicidad
Meaning
Grimly mocking or cynical.
Example
She gave him a sardonic smile after hearing his excuse.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 adjective /swɑːv/

suave

atractivo y refinado
Meaning
charming, confident, and elegant, often in a smooth or polished way
Example
He was a suave gentleman who impressed everyone at the party.
Era un caballero refinado que impresionó a todos en la fiesta.