shudder
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C1 verb /ˈʃʌdər/

shudder

temblar
Meaning
to tremble or shake suddenly, often due to fear, cold, or strong emotion
Example
She shuddered at the thought of walking alone in the dark forest.
Ella se estremeció al pensar en caminar sola en el oscuro bosque.
C1 noun ˈsɛlfləsnɪs

selflessness

desinterés
Meaning
The quality of being concerned more with the needs of others than with one's own.
Example
Selflessness is a key value for community building.
El desinterés es un valor clave para la construcción de la comunidad.
C1 adjective skiˈmæt.ɪk

Schematic

relacionado con un esquema o de forma resumida
Meaning
Presenting some framework or concept briefly
Example
The engineer provided a schematic diagram of the project.
El ingeniero proporcionó un diagrama esquemático del proyecto.
C1 noun /ˌsɛnsəˈbɪləti/

Sensibility

sensibilidad
Meaning
the ability to appreciate and respond to complex emotional or aesthetic influences; sensitivity
Example
Her artistic sensibility made her appreciate fine details in paintings.
Su sensibilidad artística la hizo apreciar los detalles finos en las pinturas.
C1 noun /ˈsɪk.əl/

Sickle

hoz
Meaning
a tool with a curved metal blade and short handle used for cutting grain crops
Example
The farmer harvested wheat using a traditional sickle.
El agricultor cosechó trigo usando una hoz tradicional.
C1 noun /ˌsɛlfsəˈfɪʃənsi/

Self-sufficiency

autosuficiencia
Meaning
the ability to supply one's own needs without external assistance; independence
Example
The farm achieved complete self-sufficiency in food production.
La granja logró la autosuficiencia completa en la producción de alimentos.
C1 verb /ʃɪə/

shear

cortar
Meaning
to cut the wool off a sheep or to cut something with sharp tools like scissors or shears
Example
The farmer will shear the sheep in the spring.
El agricultor sheará la oveja en la primavera.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈsɒlvənt/

solvent

disolvente, capaz de pagar deudas
Meaning
a liquid that dissolves other substances; also means able to pay debts
Example
Acetone is a common solvent used in laboratories.
El acetona es un disolvente común usado en laboratorios.
C1 adjective /ˈspeɪʃəl/

spatial

espacial
Meaning
relating to space or the position, area, and size of things
Example
The scientist studied the spatial arrangement of stars.
El científico estudió la disposición espacial de las estrellas.
C1 noun /ˈsɪmətri/

symmetry

simetría
Meaning
the quality of having balanced proportions or identical parts facing each other
Example
The building’s symmetry impressed the visitors.
La simetría del edificio impresionó a los visitantes.
C1 verb /ʃʌn/

Shun

evitar
Meaning
to deliberately avoid or stay away from someone or something
Example
He shuns public attention and prefers privacy.
Él evita la atención pública y prefiere la privacidad.
C1 adjective /ˈsaɪz.mɪk/

seismic

sísmico
Meaning
Relating to earthquakes or vibrations of the earth and its crust.
Example
The region is known for its seismic activity.
La región es conocida por su actividad sísmica.
C1 verb /ˈʃækəl/

shackle

esposar
Meaning
to chain or restrain; to restrict someone’s actions or freedom
Example
Outdated regulations shackle small businesses and slow innovation.
Las regulaciones anticuadas encadenan a las pequeñas empresas y ralentizan la innovación.
C1 verb /ˈslɪðər/

slither

deslizarse
Meaning
to move smoothly over a surface with a twisting, sliding motion, like a snake
Example
The snake slithered through the grass.
La serpiente se deslizó a través de la hierba.
C1 noun /ˌsæl.jʊˈteɪ.ʃən/

Salutation

saludo; expresión de buenos deseos
Meaning
a greeting; an expression of goodwill
Example
The letter began with a formal salutation.
La carta comenzó con un saludo formal.
C1 noun /speɪt/

spate

oleada
Meaning
a large number of things occurring in quick succession
Example
There has been a spate of robberies in the city.
Ha habido una oleada de robos en la ciudad.
C1 noun /ˌsæbəˈtɜːr/

saboteur

saboteador
Meaning
A person who engages in sabotage.
Example
The saboteur was arrested before he could plant the bomb.
El saboteador fue arrestado antes de poder plantar la bomba.
C1 noun /ˈskɛptɪk/

skeptic

escéptico
Meaning
A person who doubts or questions accepted beliefs or claims.
Example
The scientist was a skeptic of theories without solid evidence.
El científico era escéptico de las teorías sin evidencia sólida.
C1 adjective /ˈspaɪn.ləs/

Spineless

sin coraje; débil de voluntad; cobarde
Meaning
lacking courage or determination; weak-willed
Example
He was too spineless to stand up for his beliefs.
Él fue demasiado sin columna vertebral para defender sus creencias.
C1 adjective /ˈspjʊəriəs/

spurious

falso / fraudulento
Meaning
Not genuine, authentic, or true; false or fake.
Example
The report was based on spurious claims.
El informe se basó en afirmaciones falsas.
C1 verb/noun /snɑːrl/

snarl

gruñido, atasco
Meaning
to growl aggressively with bared teeth; a tangle or mess
Example
The dog snarled at the stranger near the gate.
El perro gruñó al extraño cerca de la puerta.
C1 adjective /ˈskɪtɪʃ/

skittish

nervioso
Meaning
easily frightened or nervous; unpredictable
Example
The horse was too skittish to ride.
El caballo estaba demasiado nervioso para montar.
C1 noun /ˈsɑːɡə/

saga

gran historia
Meaning
A long story of heroic achievement, or a long, complex series of events.
Example
The company's rise and fall became a corporate saga.
El ascenso y la caída de la empresa se convirtió en una saga corporativa.
C1 verb /ˈsætəˌraɪz/

satirize

satirizar
Meaning
to mock or criticize something using satire
Example
The play satirizes the greed of modern corporations.
La obra satiriza la codicia de las corporaciones modernas.
C1 noun /ˈsɔː.dʌst/

sawdust

aserrín
Meaning
The tiny particles of wood produced by sawing or sanding.
Example
The floor was covered with sawdust from the carpentry work.
El suelo estaba cubierto con aserrín del trabajo de carpintería.
C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.vər.i/

savory

sabroso (salado o picante)
Meaning
Having a pleasant salty or spicy taste; morally acceptable.
Example
The restaurant serves a variety of savory dishes.
El restaurante sirve una variedad de platos sabrosos.
C1 verb /skɔːrtʃ/

scorch

quemar
Meaning
to burn the surface of something slightly
Example
The fire scorched the walls of the building.
El fuego quemó las paredes del edificio.
C1 adjective /ˈsɔːrdɪd/

sordid

sórdido
Meaning
involving immoral or dishonorable actions; dirty or unpleasant
Example
The newspaper exposed the politician's sordid past.
El periódico expuso el pasado sórdido del político.
C1 noun /ˌstætʃuˈɛt/

statuette

estatuilla
Meaning
A small statue, usually decorative or artistic.
Example
The artist won a gold statuette for his work.
El artista ganó una estatuilla de oro por su trabajo.
C1 adjective ˈsek.tər spəˈsɪf.ɪk

sector-specific

específico del sector
Meaning
Relating to or designed for a particular sector or industry.
Example
Sector-specific policies attract targeted investments.
Las políticas específicas del sector atraen inversiones dirigidas.
C1 noun /ˈsɛdətɪv/

sedative

sedante
Meaning
A substance that calms the nerves or induces sleep.
Example
The doctor prescribed a sedative to help the patient sleep.
El doctor recetó un sedante para ayudar al paciente a dormir.
C1 adjective /ˈskwiːmɪʃ/

squeamish

fácilmente propenso a sentirse enfermo, mareado o disgustado
Meaning
easily made to feel sick, faint, or disgusted
Example
She felt squeamish at the sight of blood.
Se sintió mareada al ver sangre.
C1 noun /ˈsɜːrəɡət/

surrogate

sustituto
Meaning
A substitute, especially a person deputizing for another in a specific role or office.
Example
The surrogate mother gave birth to the child after carrying it for nine months.
La madre sustituta dio a luz al niño tras llevarlo durante nueve meses.
C1 verb /ˈsmʌðər/

smother

sofocar / asfixiar
Meaning
to kill someone by covering their nose and mouth to prevent breathing; to cover something completely; to overwhelm with excessive attention or affection
Example
She smothered the fire with a blanket.
Ella sofocó el fuego con una manta.
C1 noun, verb /slɜːr/

slur

insulto / palabra despectiva
Meaning
An insulting remark or suggestion; or to speak indistinctly.
Example
He made a slur against her character.
Hizo un comentario despectivo sobre su carácter.
C1 adverb spɒnˈteɪnɪəsli

spontaneously

espontáneamente
Meaning
In a spontaneous way; naturally and without planning or external cause.
Example
Children learn spontaneously through peer interactions.
Los niños aprenden espontáneamente a través de interacciones entre compañeros.
C1 noun/adjective /ˈstɜː.lɪŋ/

sterling

moneda británica / excelente
Meaning
British money, especially pounds; of excellent quality.
Example
She was praised for her sterling work on the project.
Fue elogiada por su excelente trabajo en el proyecto.
C1 verb /skɪmp/

skimp

escatimar
Meaning
to use less of something than is necessary in order to save money or effort
Example
Don’t skimp on quality when buying a new laptop.
No escatimes en calidad al comprar una nueva laptop.
C1 verb /snɪər/

sneer

sonreír de forma burlona
Meaning
to smile or speak in a mocking or contemptuous way
Example
She sneered at his attempt to sing.
Ella se burló de su intento de cantar.
C1 adjective /ˈskɛtʃi/

sketchy

incompleto
Meaning
not thorough or detailed; suspicious or unsafe
Example
The details of the project were still sketchy.
Los detalles del proyecto aún estaban incompletos.
C1 verb /sɪˈkriːt/

secrete

secreción
Meaning
to produce and release a substance from a cell, gland, or organ
Example
The pancreas secretes insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.
El páncreas secreta insulina para regular los niveles de azúcar en la sangre.
C1 verb /ˈsɪmjʊˌleɪt/

simulate

simular
Meaning
to imitate the appearance, character, or behavior of something; to pretend or reproduce conditions artificially
Example
The pilot had to simulate an emergency landing during training.
El piloto tuvo que simular un aterrizaje de emergencia durante el entrenamiento.
C1 noun /ˈsækrɪlɪdʒ/

sacrilege

sacrilegio
Meaning
Violation or misuse of what is regarded as sacred.
Example
Stealing from the temple was considered an act of sacrilege.
Robar del templo se consideraba un acto de sacrilegio.
C1 noun /ˈskævɪndʒər/

scavenger

carroñero / recolector de basura
Meaning
an animal or person that feeds on dead or discarded material
Example
Vultures are natural scavengers that clean up the environment.
Los buitres son escavengers naturales que limpian el medio ambiente.
C1 verb /sluː/

slew

girar bruscamente
Meaning
To turn or slide violently in a particular direction.
Example
The car slewed across the icy road.
El coche se deslizó por la carretera helada.
C1 noun /stɪnt/

stint

trabajo temporal
Meaning
a period of time spent doing a particular job or activity
Example
She did a short stint as a teacher before moving abroad.
Ella hizo un corto trabajo como profesora antes de mudarse al extranjero.
C1 verb /ˈswɪndl/

swindle

estafar
Meaning
to cheat someone out of money or possessions by deceit
Example
The con artist tried to swindle the old man out of his savings.
El artista del engaño intentó estafar al anciano para quitarle sus ahorros.
C1 adjective /skænt/

Scant

escaso
Meaning
barely sufficient; inadequate; small in amount
Example
There was scant evidence to support his claim.
Había pocas pruebas para respaldar su afirmación.
C1 noun /ˈsiːskeɪp/

seascape

paisaje marino
Meaning
A view or painting of the sea.
Example
The artist painted a beautiful seascape at sunset.
El artista pintó un hermoso paisaje marino al atardecer.
C1 noun /ˈswɪndlɚ/

swindler

estafador
Meaning
a person who cheats or deceives others for money or gain
Example
The police finally caught the notorious swindler.
La policía finalmente atrapó al notorio estafador.
C1 adjective /snaɪd/

snide

irónico
Meaning
mocking or insulting in an indirect way
Example
He couldn’t resist making a snide comment about her dress.
No pudo evitar hacer un comentario irónico sobre su vestido.
C1 noun səˈlɪnɪti ɪnˈtruːʒən

salinity intrusion

intrusión de salinidad
Meaning
The movement of salt water into freshwater areas, typically affecting coastal regions.
Example
Salinity intrusion affects coastal regions.
La intrusión de salinidad afecta las regiones costeras.
C1 adjective /ˈskræpi/

scrappy

peleador / desordenado
Meaning
Determined and willing to fight or argue; also messy or disorganized.
Example
Despite being small, he was a scrappy fighter.
A pesar de ser pequeño, era un peleador audaz.
C1 verb /ˌsuːpərɪmˈpoʊz/

superimpose

superponer
Meaning
to place one thing on top of another so that both can be seen
Example
The editor superimposed text over the image.
El editor superpuso texto sobre la imagen.
C1 verb /swɜːrv/

swerve

cambiar de dirección bruscamente
Meaning
to change direction suddenly, especially to avoid hitting something
Example
The car swerved to avoid the dog.
El coche cambió de dirección bruscamente para evitar al perro.
C1 adjective /ʃruːd/

Shrewd

astuto; inteligente; perspicaz
Meaning
having or showing sharp powers of judgment; astute
Example
The shrewd businessman made a profitable deal in the competitive market.
El astuto hombre de negocios hizo un trato rentable en el mercado competitivo.
C1 verb/noun /skaʊl/

scowl

fruncir el ceño
Meaning
To frown in an angry or bad-tempered way.
Example
She scowled when she heard the unfair remark.
Ella frunció el ceño cuando escuchó el comentario injusto.
C1 verb /səˈfɪstɪkeɪt/

sophisticate

sofisticar
Meaning
to make something more complex or refined; to educate or develop in taste and manners
Example
Traveling abroad helped sophisticate his worldview.
Viajar al extranjero ayudó a sofisticar su visión del mundo.
C1 verb /ˈswɛltər/

swelter

sufrir por calor intenso
Meaning
to suffer from intense heat
Example
We began to swelter in the midday sun.
Empezamos a sudar bajo el sol del mediodía.
C1 noun /ˈsɒl.ɪs/

Solace

consuelo
Meaning
comfort or consolation in a time of distress or sadness
Example
She found solace in music after her loss.
Encontró consuelo en la música después de su pérdida.
C1 verb /ˈstɪp.jʊ.leɪt/

stipulate

establecer
Meaning
to demand or specify a condition in an agreement or contract
Example
The contract stipulates that payment must be made within 30 days.
El contrato estipula que el pago debe realizarse dentro de 30 días.
C1 adjective /səbˈvɜːrsɪv/

subversive

subversivo
Meaning
seeking or intended to undermine or overthrow an established system or authority
Example
The group was banned for its subversive activities.
El grupo fue prohibido por sus actividades subversivas.
C1 verb/noun /stuːp/

stoop

felicidad
Meaning
To bend one's body forward and downward; also a small porch or staircase at the entrance of a house
Example
He had to stoop to pick up the coin.
No pudo esconder su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 verb /ˈsaɪdˌtræk/

sidetrack

desviar
Meaning
To distract from the main subject or activity.
Example
She was sidetracked by an unexpected phone call.
Ella se desvió por una llamada telefónica inesperada.
C1 verb /ˈskævɪndʒ/

scavenge

buscar entre la basura
Meaning
to search through waste or discarded material to find useful items
Example
The children scavenged for food in the garbage dump.
Los niños scavengaron para encontrar comida en el basurero.
C1 verb /ˈsælvɪdʒ/

salvage

salvar
Meaning
To save something from loss, damage, or destruction.
Example
They managed to salvage some goods from the fire.
Lograron salvar algunos bienes del incendio.
C1 adjective /ˈstɪltɪd/

stilted

artificial, forzado
Meaning
Speech or writing that is stiff, unnatural, or overly formal.
Example
His speech sounded stilted and rehearsed.
Su discurso sonaba forzado y ensayado.
C1 noun/verb /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

skirmish

escaramuza
Meaning
a small or brief fight between groups of soldiers; to engage in such a fight
Example
The soldiers got into a skirmish near the border.
Los soldados se metieron en una escaramuza cerca de la frontera.
C1 noun /ˈspɛktər/

specter

espectro
Meaning
A ghost or spirit; something that causes fear or dread.
Example
The specter of war still haunts the region.
El espectro de la guerra todavía acecha la región.
C1 noun /sloʊθ/

Sloth

pereza; reluctancia a trabajar o hacer un esfuerzo
Meaning
laziness; reluctance to work or make an effort
Example
His sloth prevented him from achieving his goals.
Su pereza le impidió alcanzar sus metas.
C1 verb /səbˈdjuː/

subdue

someter
Meaning
To bring under control, especially by force; to overcome or quiet.
Example
The army was able to subdue the rebellion quickly.
El ejército pudo someter la rebelión rápidamente.
C1 /splɪnt/

splint

férula
Meaning
A rigid device used to support and immobilize a broken or injured body part.
Example
The doctor applied a splint to stabilize the patient's broken arm.
El doctor aplicó una férula para estabilizar el brazo roto del paciente.
C1 noun /ˈspaɪər/

spire

aguja
Meaning
a tall, pointed structure on top of a building, especially a church
Example
The church spire could be seen from miles away.
La aguja de la iglesia se podía ver desde kilómetros de distancia.
C1 noun ˌskeɪ.ləˈbɪl.ə.ti

scalability

escalabilidad
Meaning
The capacity to be changed in size or scale; the ability of a system to handle a growing amount of work.
Example
The new software offers high scalability for large enterprises.
El nuevo software ofrece alta escalabilidad para grandes empresas.
C1 verb /səbˈvɜːrt/

subvert

subvertir
Meaning
to undermine or overthrow an established system, authority, or institution
Example
The rebels tried to subvert the government.
Los rebeldes intentaron subvertir el gobierno.
C1 noun /ˈʃeɪvɪŋ/

shaving

afeitado
Meaning
the act of removing hair with a razor; a thin strip or piece shaved from something
Example
He bought a new cream for shaving.
Compró una nueva crema para afeitarse.
C1 adjective /sɪmˈfɒnɪk/

symphonic

sinfónico
Meaning
relating to or having the character of a symphony or symphony orchestra
Example
The concert featured a symphonic masterpiece.
El concierto presentó una obra maestra sinfónica.
C1 noun /ˈstɛnsəl/

stencil

plantilla
Meaning
A thin sheet of material with a design cut out, used to produce the design on the surface below by applying paint or ink through the cut-out holes.
Example
The artist used a stencil to paint identical stars on the wall.
El artista usó una plantilla para pintar estrellas idénticas en la pared.
C1 noun /ˌsɛlf əˌfɜːˈmeɪʃən/

self-affirmation

autoafirmación
Meaning
The practice of affirming one's own worthiness and value as an individual.
Example
Daily self-affirmation can boost your confidence.
La autoafirmación diaria puede aumentar tu confianza.
C1 noun ˈsɪmbəlɪzəm

symbolism

simbolismo
Meaning
The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.
Example
The use of symbolism in the novel is masterful.
El uso de simbolismo en la novela es magistral.
C1 verb /sərˈmaʊnt/

surmount

superar
Meaning
to overcome a difficulty or obstacle
Example
He surmounted all the challenges to achieve his dream.
Él superó todos los desafíos para lograr su sueño.
C1 noun /səbˈdʒɛkʃən/

subjection

subyugación
Meaning
the act of bringing someone or something under control or domination
Example
The people suffered under the subjection of a cruel ruler.
El pueblo sufrió bajo la subyugación de un gobernante cruel.
C1 noun /ˈsɒnɪt/

sonnet

soneto
Meaning
A poem of 14 lines using formal rhyme schemes, often about love.
Example
Shakespeare wrote many famous sonnets about love and beauty.
Shakespeare escribió muchos sonetos famosos sobre el amor y la belleza.
C1 noun /ˌsɒl.jʊˈbɪləti/

solubility

solubilidad
Meaning
The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.
Example
The solubility of salt in water is high.
La solubilidad de la sal en agua es alta.
C1 noun /ˈstætʃər/

stature

estatura, prestigio
Meaning
A person's natural height or their reputation and importance.
Example
Her intellectual stature made her a respected figure in academia.
Su estatura intelectual la convirtió en una figura respetada en el mundo académico.
C1 verb ˈsɪn.ɚ.dʒaɪz

synergize

sinergizar, combinar de manera que aumente la efectividad.
Meaning
combine in such a way as to enhance effectiveness.
Example
The departments must synergize to improve efficiency.
Los departamentos deben sinergizar para mejorar la eficiencia.
C1 noun /sɪˈdʌk.ʃən/

Seduction

seducción; tentación
Meaning
the action of seducing someone; temptation to do something wrong
Example
He fell victim to the seduction of easy money.
Cayó víctima de la seducción del dinero fácil.
C1 noun /ˈsaɪd.laɪn dɪˈskʌʃənz/

sideline discussions

discusiones secundarias
Meaning
Informal or secondary conversations that occur outside the main agenda of a formal meeting.
Example
Sideline discussions often lead to agreements.
Las discusiones secundarias a menudo conducen a acuerdos.
C1 noun /ˈsɪlk.wɜːrm/

Silk-worm

gusano de seda
Meaning
the caterpillar of a moth that produces silk fibers used to make silk fabric
Example
Silkworms feed on mulberry leaves to produce silk.
Los gusanos de seda se alimentan de hojas de morera para producir seda.
C1 noun /ˈsɪləbəl/

syllable

sílaba
Meaning
A unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or part of a word.
Example
The word 'computer' has three syllables.
La palabra 'computadora' tiene tres sílabas.
C1 adjective /ˈskrʌfi/

Scruffy

desaliñado o desordenado en apariencia; sucio y desgastado
Meaning
untidy or unkempt in appearance; shabby and worn
Example
The scruffy old dog wandered through the streets looking for food.
El perro desaliñado caminó por las calles buscando comida.
C1 noun /sɛkt/

sect

secta
Meaning
a subgroup of a larger religious or political group, often with differing beliefs
Example
The group split into different sects due to doctrinal differences.
El grupo se dividió en diferentes sectas debido a las diferencias doctrinales.
C1 adjective /ˈsɛptɪk/

septic

infectado
Meaning
Infected with harmful bacteria; relating to or causing infection.
Example
The doctor treated the patient's septic wound immediately.
El doctor trató la herida séptica del paciente de inmediato.
C1 noun səˌsɛp.təˈbɪl.ə.ti

susceptibility

susceptibilidad
Meaning
The quality of being likely to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing; vulnerability.
Example
High susceptibility to infections requires extra care.
Alta susceptibilidad a infecciones requiere atención adicional.
C1 adjective ˌsʌbˈlɪm.ɪ.nəl

subliminal

existente o que opera por debajo del umbral de conciencia, percibido o que afecta la mente de alguien sin que lo sepa
Meaning
Existing or operating below the threshold of consciousness; perceived by or affecting someone's mind without their being aware of it.
Example
Advertisements often have subliminal messages.
Los anuncios a menudo contienen mensajes subliminales.
C1 noun /ʃraɪn/

Shrine

santuario; templo; lugar sagrado
Meaning
a holy or sacred place dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, or saint
Example
Pilgrims visit the shrine to pray for good health.
Los peregrinos visitan el santuario para rezar por buena salud.
C1 adjective /ˈsæk.rəˌsæŋkt/

sacrosanct

sacrosonante
Meaning
Regarded as too important or valuable to be interfered with; sacred.
Example
Freedom of speech is considered sacrosanct in democratic societies.
La libertad de expresión se considera sacrosanta en las sociedades democráticas.
C1 adjective /ˈswoʊlən/

swollen

hinchado
Meaning
Enlarged or puffed up, usually due to injury, inflammation, or fluid accumulation
Example
Her ankle was swollen after she twisted it during the hike.
Su tobillo estaba hinchado después de torcerlo durante la caminata.
C1 verb /skrɔːl/

scrawl

escribir rápidamente y de manera desordenada
Meaning
to write or draw something quickly and carelessly, making it hard to read
Example
He scrawled his signature at the bottom of the page.
Él scrawle su firma en la parte inferior de la página.
C1 noun /ˈʃæmbəlz/

shambles

desorden total
Meaning
a state of complete disorder or ruin
Example
After the storm, the whole town was in shambles.
Después de la tormenta, toda la ciudad estaba en desorden total.
C1 verb /skwɪnt/

squint

entrecerrar los ojos
Meaning
to look with partly closed eyes
Example
She squinted at the bright sunlight.
Ella entrecerró los ojos por la luz brillante del sol.
C1 adjective /ˈsliːzi/

sleazy

de mala calidad, inmoral o barato
Meaning
morally low, dirty, or cheap in quality
Example
He avoided the sleazy nightclub downtown.
Él evitó el club nocturno sórdido en el centro.
C1 adjective /ˈʃeɪp.ləs/

Shapeless

sin forma
Meaning
having no definite or well-defined shape or form
Example
The fog created a shapeless mass in the distance.
La niebla creó una masa sin forma a lo lejos.
C1 /ʃrɛd/

shred

triturar
Meaning
to tear or cut something into small pieces
Example
She shredded the old documents before throwing them away.
Ella trituró los viejos documentos antes de tirarlos.
C1 verb /ˈslækən/

slacken

aflojar
Meaning
to make or become less tight, less active, or slower
Example
The driver slackened his speed as he approached the village.
El conductor redujo su velocidad al acercarse al pueblo.
C1 noun /ˈsæf.rən/

Saffron

azafrán
Meaning
a deep yellow-orange color; an expensive spice derived from crocus flowers
Example
The saffron fabric looked beautiful in the sunlight.
La tela de azafrán se veía hermosa a la luz del sol.
C1 noun /ˈsæŋk.ʃən/

Sanction

sanción
Meaning
official permission or approval; a penalty for disobeying a rule
Example
The government imposed economic sanctions on the country.
El gobierno impuso sanciones económicas al país.
C1 adjective /sɪˈkluːdɪd/

secluded

aislado
Meaning
Placed apart from other people or things; private and quiet.
Example
They spent their vacation in a secluded beach house.
Pasaron sus vacaciones en una casa de playa aislada.
C1 verb /sɪˈdjuːs/

seduce

seducir
Meaning
to attract someone into doing something, especially something they might not normally do
Example
The advertisement was designed to seduce customers into buying luxury products.
El anuncio estaba diseñado para seducir a los clientes a comprar productos de lujo.
C1 noun ˈsʌs.tɪ.nəns

Sustenance

sustento o alimento
Meaning
Food or support necessary for sustaining life
Example
Water is essential for human sustenance.
El agua es esencial para la sustentación humana.
C1 adjective /ˈsiː.di/

Seedy

lleno de semillas; sucio y despreciable; en mal estado
Meaning
squalid and disreputable; shabby and run-down; full of seeds
Example
They avoided walking through the seedy part of town at night.
Ellos evitaban caminar por la parte sucia y despreciable de la ciudad por la noche.
C1 noun /ˈsteɪ.ʃən.ər/

Stationer

papelería
Meaning
a person who sells paper, pens, pencils, and other office supplies
Example
The stationer recommended the best pens for writing exams.
El estacionista recomendó los mejores bolígrafos para los exámenes.
C1 noun /stɑːr ˈæn.ɪs/

Star Anise

anís estrellado
Meaning
star-shaped spice pod with a licorice-like flavor used in cooking
Example
She added star anise to the soup for aromatic flavor.
Ella agregó anís estrellado a la sopa para darle un sabor aromático.
C1 adjective /ˈsiː.naɪl/

senile

debilidad relacionada con la vejez
Meaning
Showing the weaknesses of old age, especially mental decline.
Example
The old man became senile and forgot familiar faces.
El hombre viejo se volvió senil y olvidó rostros familiares.
C1 verb /skʌlpt/

sculpt

felicidad
Meaning
to create or shape something by carving or molding
Example
The artist sculpted a beautiful statue from marble.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 noun /sɪˈkluːʒən/

seclusion

aislamiento
Meaning
The state of being private, away from other people.
Example
She spent the weekend in complete seclusion in her cabin.
Pasó el fin de semana en completo aislamiento en su cabaña.
C1 noun səˈsteɪnəbəl ænd kəˈlæbərətɪv əˈproʊtʃ

sustainable and collaborative approach

enfoque sostenible y colaborativo
Meaning
A method of working together that can be maintained over time without depleting resources or causing harm.
Example
A sustainable and collaborative approach is crucial for solving environmental problems.
Un enfoque sostenible y colaborativo es crucial para resolver los problemas ambientales.
C1 noun /saɪð/

scythe

hoz
Meaning
A tool with a long curved blade used for cutting grass or grain.
Example
The farmer sharpened his scythe before harvesting the wheat.
El agricultor afiló su hoz antes de cosechar el trigo.
C1 adjective /spɑːrs/

sparse

escaso
Meaning
thinly scattered or distributed; not dense or abundant
Example
Vegetation was sparse in the desert.
La vegetación era escasa en el desierto.
C1 verb /struː/

strew

esparcir
Meaning
to scatter or spread things untidily over a surface or area
Example
Clothes were strewn across the floor.
La ropa estaba esparcida por el suelo.
C1 adjective ˈsɒvrɪn

sovereign

soberano, supremo
Meaning
Possessing supreme or ultimate power; independent.
Example
The sovereign government has control over its currency.
El gobierno soberano tiene control sobre su moneda.