shard
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C1 noun /ʃɑːrd/

shard

fragmento
Meaning
a broken piece of glass, metal, or pottery
Example
He cut his finger on a shard of glass.
Se cortó el dedo con un fragmento de vidrio.
C1 verb /ʃɜːrk/

shirk

evitar
Meaning
to avoid or neglect a duty or responsibility
Example
He always tries to shirk his responsibilities at work.
Él siempre trata de evitar sus responsabilidades en el trabajo.
C1 verb /ˈseɪ.vər/

savor

disfrutar completamente
Meaning
To enjoy something completely, especially by dwelling on it.
Example
He savored every bite of the delicious cake.
Él saboreó cada bocado del delicioso pastel.
C1 adjective /ˌsɛm.iˈæn.ju.əl/

semiannual

semi-anual
Meaning
Occurring twice a year; every six months.
Example
The company holds a semiannual meeting with all employees.
La empresa organiza una reunión semi-anual con todos los empleados.
C1 verb /səˈfɪstɪkeɪt/

sophisticate

sofisticar
Meaning
to make something more complex or refined; to educate or develop in taste and manners
Example
Traveling abroad helped sophisticate his worldview.
Viajar al extranjero ayudó a sofisticar su visión del mundo.
C1 noun /sɛkt/

sect

secta
Meaning
a subgroup of a larger religious or political group, often with differing beliefs
Example
The group split into different sects due to doctrinal differences.
El grupo se dividió en diferentes sectas debido a las diferencias doctrinales.
C1 verb /ˈskævɪndʒ/

scavenge

buscar entre la basura
Meaning
to search through waste or discarded material to find useful items
Example
The children scavenged for food in the garbage dump.
Los niños scavengaron para encontrar comida en el basurero.
C1 adjective skiˈmæt.ɪk

Schematic

relacionado con un esquema o de forma resumida
Meaning
Presenting some framework or concept briefly
Example
The engineer provided a schematic diagram of the project.
El ingeniero proporcionó un diagrama esquemático del proyecto.
C1 verb, noun /sæp/

sap

savia / agotar
Meaning
As a noun: the vital fluid in plants; As a verb: to gradually weaken or drain strength.
Example
The long journey began to sap his energy.
El largo viaje comenzó a agotar su energía.
C1 adjective /ˈspɛktrəl/

spectral

espectral
Meaning
Relating to a ghost or specter; ghostly. Also relating to a spectrum.
Example
The old mansion had a spectral atmosphere at night.
La vieja mansión tenía una atmósfera espectral por la noche.
C1 noun /ˈsɑːri/

Saree

sari
Meaning
a garment consisting of a length of cotton or silk elaborately draped around the body, traditionally worn by women from South Asia
Example
She looked elegant in her red silk saree at the festival.
Ella lucía elegante con su sari de seda roja en el festival.
C1 adjective /ˈskrɪptʃərəl/

scriptural

escritural
Meaning
Relating to or contained in the scriptures or holy writings.
Example
The priest gave a scriptural reference during the sermon.
El sacerdote dio una referencia escritural durante el sermón.
C1 adjective /ˈskwiːmɪʃ/

squeamish

fácilmente propenso a sentirse enfermo, mareado o disgustado
Meaning
easily made to feel sick, faint, or disgusted
Example
She felt squeamish at the sight of blood.
Se sintió mareada al ver sangre.
C1 noun /ˈstɛə.rɪ.əʊˌtaɪ.pɪŋ/

stereotyping

estereotipar
Meaning
A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
Example
Stereotyping people based on their race is harmful.
Estereotipar a las personas según su raza es perjudicial.
C1 noun /ˈsæŋk.ʃən/

Sanction

sanción
Meaning
official permission or approval; a penalty for disobeying a rule
Example
The government imposed economic sanctions on the country.
El gobierno impuso sanciones económicas al país.
C1 verb /ˈsɔːntər/

saunter

caminar despacio
Meaning
to walk in a slow, relaxed manner without hurry or effort
Example
We sauntered along the riverside, stopping now and then to watch the boats.
Caminamos lentamente por la orilla del río, deteniéndonos de vez en cuando para observar los botes.
C1 adjective /sɪˈkluːdɪd/

secluded

aislado
Meaning
Placed apart from other people or things; private and quiet.
Example
They spent their vacation in a secluded beach house.
Pasaron sus vacaciones en una casa de playa aislada.
C1 noun /ˈsteɪ.ʃən.ər/

Stationer

papelería
Meaning
a person who sells paper, pens, pencils, and other office supplies
Example
The stationer recommended the best pens for writing exams.
El estacionista recomendó los mejores bolígrafos para los exámenes.
C1 noun /ˈstaɪpend/

Stipend

subsidio
Meaning
a fixed regular sum paid as a salary or allowance
Example
The research student receives a monthly stipend for living expenses.
El estudiante de investigación recibe un estipendio mensual para sus gastos de vida.
C1 noun /ˌsɑːrdʒənt ˈmeɪdʒər/

sergeant-major

sargento-mayor
Meaning
A senior non-commissioned officer in the army responsible for discipline and administration within a unit.
Example
The sergeant-major inspected the troops before the parade.
El sargento-mayor inspeccionó a las tropas antes del desfile.
C1 adjective /ˈspaɪn.ləs/

Spineless

sin coraje; débil de voluntad; cobarde
Meaning
lacking courage or determination; weak-willed
Example
He was too spineless to stand up for his beliefs.
Él fue demasiado sin columna vertebral para defender sus creencias.
C1 noun speɪst ˌrep.ɪˈtɪʃ.ən

spaced repetition

repetición espaciada
Meaning
A learning technique that involves reviewing information at increasing intervals to improve long-term retention.
Example
Spaced repetition helps in long-term memory retention.
La repetición espaciada ayuda a retener la memoria a largo plazo.
C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.li.ənt/

salient

importante, prominente o llamativo
Meaning
Most important, prominent, or noticeable
Example
The report highlighted the salient points of the discussion.
El informe destacó los puntos más importantes de la discusión.
C1 verb /sərˈmaɪz/

surmise

suponer
Meaning
to suppose something is true without having evidence
Example
She surmised that he was not coming to the meeting.
Ella supuso que él no iba a venir a la reunión.
C1 noun /ˈskaʊndrəl/

scoundrel

canalla
Meaning
a dishonest or unscrupulous person; a villain
Example
That scoundrel cheated the old man out of his savings.
Ese canalla engañó al anciano y le robó sus ahorros.
C1 noun /ˈsɜːrəɡət/

surrogate

sustituto
Meaning
A substitute, especially a person deputizing for another in a specific role or office.
Example
The surrogate mother gave birth to the child after carrying it for nine months.
La madre sustituta dio a luz al niño tras llevarlo durante nueve meses.
C1 adjective ˌsɪmbɪˈɒtɪk

symbiotic

simbiótico
Meaning
Involving interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association.
Example
The relationship between the bee and the flower is symbiotic.
La relación entre la abeja y la flor es simbiótica.
C1 verb /sɪft/

sift

tamizar / examinar cuidadosamente
Meaning
to separate or sort through carefully, often using a sieve or by examining closely
Example
She sifted the flour before adding it to the cake mixture.
Ella tamizó la harina antes de agregarla a la mezcla del pastel.
C1 noun /ˈspɛkjʊˌleɪtər/

speculator

especulador
Meaning
A person who forms theories without evidence, or invests in assets hoping for profit.
Example
The real estate speculator bought land hoping its value would rise.
El especulador de bienes raíces compró tierras con la esperanza de que su valor aumentaría.
C1 verb /ˈstæmər/

stammer

tartamudear
Meaning
To speak with sudden involuntary pauses and a tendency to repeat the initial letters of words.
Example
The nervous student began to stammer during his speech.
El estudiante nervioso comenzó a tartamudear durante su discurso.
C1 adjective /ˈskɛtʃi/

sketchy

incompleto
Meaning
not thorough or detailed; suspicious or unsafe
Example
The details of the project were still sketchy.
Los detalles del proyecto aún estaban incompletos.
C1 verb /ˈskaʊər/

scour

fregar / buscar exhaustivamente
Meaning
to clean or brighten the surface of something by scrubbing; to search thoroughly
Example
She scoured the kitchen until it shone.
Ella fregó la cocina hasta que brilló.
C1 adjective /ˈstɛlər/

stellar

excepcional
Meaning
Relating to stars; outstanding or excellent.
Example
She gave a stellar performance in the play.
Ella dio una actuación excepcional en la obra.
C1 noun /səbˈdʒɛkʃən/

subjection

subyugación
Meaning
the act of bringing someone or something under control or domination
Example
The people suffered under the subjection of a cruel ruler.
El pueblo sufrió bajo la subyugación de un gobernante cruel.
C1 verb /smɪr/

smear

untar / difamar
Meaning
to spread or apply a substance messily; to damage someone's reputation with false or unfair words
Example
The child smeared paint across the wall.
El niño untó pintura en la pared.
C1 adjective /ˈstɒdʒi/

stodgy

pesado, anticuado
Meaning
Dull, uninspired, or old-fashioned; also heavy and hard to digest when referring to food.
Example
The lecture was so stodgy that many students struggled to stay awake.
La conferencia fue tan pesada que muchos estudiantes tuvieron dificultades para mantenerse despiertos.
C1 noun, adjective, verb /ʃæm/

sham

farsa
Meaning
something that is not what it appears to be; a false or fake thing; to pretend
Example
The deal turned out to be a sham.
El trato resultó ser una farsa.
C1 verb /spɔːn/

spawn

generar
Meaning
to produce or generate, often in large numbers
Example
The video game has spawned many sequels.
El videojuego ha generado muchas secuelas.
C1 adjective /ˈstoʊɪk/

stoic

estoico, imperturbable
Meaning
Showing little or no emotion, even in difficult situations.
Example
She remained stoic during the crisis, never showing fear or panic.
Ella permaneció estoica durante la crisis, sin mostrar miedo ni pánico.
C1 noun /ˈsɔː.dʌst/

sawdust

aserrín
Meaning
The tiny particles of wood produced by sawing or sanding.
Example
The floor was covered with sawdust from the carpentry work.
El suelo estaba cubierto con aserrín del trabajo de carpintería.
C1 adjective /ˌsækrəˈlɪdʒəs/

sacrilegious

sacrílego
Meaning
Showing disrespect or irreverence toward something sacred.
Example
The painting was criticized as being sacrilegious.
La pintura fue criticada por ser sacrílega.
C1 adjective /spɑːrs/

sparse

escaso
Meaning
thinly scattered or distributed; not dense or abundant
Example
Vegetation was sparse in the desert.
La vegetación era escasa en el desierto.
C1 adjective /stɔːntʃ/

staunch

firme, leal
Meaning
Loyal, committed, and firm in support.
Example
She is a staunch supporter of environmental protection.
Ella es una firme defensora de la protección del medio ambiente.
C1 adjective /sɪˈmɛtrɪkəl/

symmetrical

simétrico
Meaning
having parts on either side that match or are the same in shape, size, or arrangement
Example
The artist designed a symmetrical pattern on the floor.
El artista diseñó un patrón simétrico en el suelo.
C1 verb /ˈskʌt.əl/

scuttle

felicidad
Meaning
To run hurriedly with short, quick steps; or to deliberately sink a ship.
Example
The children scuttled back to their seats when the teacher entered.
Ella no podía ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 verb /sluː/

slew

girar bruscamente
Meaning
To turn or slide violently in a particular direction.
Example
The car slewed across the icy road.
El coche se deslizó por la carretera helada.
C1 noun /ˈspɔɪlˌspɔːrt/

spoilsport

aguafiestas
Meaning
A person who ruins other people's enjoyment or fun.
Example
Don't be a spoilsport and let us enjoy the party.
No seas un aguafiestas y déjanos disfrutar de la fiesta.
C1 verb /sɪˈsiːd/

secede

secesionar
Meaning
To formally withdraw from a political or organizational union.
Example
Several states threatened to secede from the union.
Varios estados amenazaron con separarse de la unión.
C1 adverb /ˈsɜːrtʃɪŋli/

searchingly

buscadoramente
Meaning
In a way that seems to look for hidden meanings or truth.
Example
She looked at him searchingly, hoping for an honest answer.
Ella lo miró buscando, esperando una respuesta honesta.
C1 noun /ˈskwɒlər/

squalor

miseria
Meaning
the state of being extremely dirty and unpleasant, especially due to poverty or neglect
Example
They lived in squalor without basic facilities.
Vivían en la miseria sin instalaciones básicas.
C1 adjective /ˈskɪtɪʃ/

skittish

nervioso
Meaning
easily frightened or nervous; unpredictable
Example
The horse was too skittish to ride.
El caballo estaba demasiado nervioso para montar.
C1 noun /ˈsɪməli/

simile

símil
Meaning
A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another using 'like' or 'as'.
Example
She used a simile to describe her eyes as bright as stars.
Ella usó un símil para describir sus ojos tan brillantes como las estrellas.
C1 verb /ˈswɪndl/

swindle

estafar
Meaning
to cheat someone out of money or possessions by deceit
Example
The con artist tried to swindle the old man out of his savings.
El artista del engaño intentó estafar al anciano para quitarle sus ahorros.
C1 noun /ˈsɪləbəl/

syllable

sílaba
Meaning
A unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or part of a word.
Example
The word 'computer' has three syllables.
La palabra 'computadora' tiene tres sílabas.
C1 adjective /ˈʃeɪm.ləs/

Shameless

desvergonzado
Meaning
having no shame; bold and rude; impudent
Example
The shameless politician refused to apologize for his mistakes.
El político desvergonzado se negó a disculparse por sus errores.
C1 noun /skwɔːl/

squall

ráfaga
Meaning
a sudden violent gust of wind, often accompanied by rain, snow, or sleet
Example
A sudden squall caught the sailors off guard.
Una ráfaga repentina sorprendió a los marineros.
C1 verb /ˈsɪmjʊˌleɪt/

simulate

simular
Meaning
to imitate the appearance, character, or behavior of something; to pretend or reproduce conditions artificially
Example
The pilot had to simulate an emergency landing during training.
El piloto tuvo que simular un aterrizaje de emergencia durante el entrenamiento.
C1 adjective /səˈtɪrɪkəl/

satirical

satírico
Meaning
containing or using satire to criticize or mock
Example
The satirical cartoon mocked the government's new policy.
El dibujo satírico burló la nueva política del gobierno.
C1 adverb spɒnˈteɪnɪəsli

spontaneously

espontáneamente
Meaning
In a spontaneous way; naturally and without planning or external cause.
Example
Children learn spontaneously through peer interactions.
Los niños aprenden espontáneamente a través de interacciones entre compañeros.
C1 adjective /ˈstrætɪfaɪd/

stratified

estratificado
Meaning
arranged or classified in layers or strata
Example
Society in the past was highly stratified based on class and wealth.
La sociedad en el pasado estaba altamente estratificada según la clase y la riqueza.
C1 noun/verb /sleɪt/

slate

pizarra / programar
Meaning
a fine-grained rock used for roofing or writing; to schedule or designate for a task
Example
The meeting is slated for next Monday.
La reunión está programada para el próximo lunes.
C1 noun /ʃoʊl/

shoal

cardumen
Meaning
a large group of fish swimming together; a shallow place in water
Example
We saw a shoal of fish near the coast.
Vimos un cardumen de peces cerca de la costa.
C1 adjective /ˌsækrɪˈfɪʃəl/

sacrificial

sacrificial
Meaning
Relating to or involving sacrifice.
Example
The lamb was used as a sacrificial offering in the ritual.
El cordero fue utilizado como una ofrenda sacrificial en el ritual.
C1 noun /ˈsæf.rən/

Saffron

azafrán
Meaning
a deep yellow-orange color; an expensive spice derived from crocus flowers
Example
The saffron fabric looked beautiful in the sunlight.
La tela de azafrán se veía hermosa a la luz del sol.
C1 noun /sɪv/

sieve

colador
Meaning
a utensil with a mesh or perforated bottom, used for straining or sifting
Example
She used a sieve to strain the pasta.
Ella usó un colador para colar la pasta.
C1 noun /səˈprɛʃən/

suppression

supresión
Meaning
the act of forcibly stopping something or holding back feelings or actions
Example
The suppression of free speech led to protests.
La supresión de la libertad de expresión llevó a protestas.
C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.vər.i/

savory

sabroso (salado o picante)
Meaning
Having a pleasant salty or spicy taste; morally acceptable.
Example
The restaurant serves a variety of savory dishes.
El restaurante sirve una variedad de platos sabrosos.
C1 verb /səˈplænt/

supplant

suplantar
Meaning
To take the place of something or someone, often by force or strategy.
Example
Digital platforms have supplanted traditional newspapers.
Las plataformas digitales han suplantado a los periódicos tradicionales.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪm.jʊ.leɪ.tɪd/

simulated

simulado
Meaning
Artificially created to look real but not actually real.
Example
The pilot trained in a simulated flight environment.
El piloto entrenó en un ambiente de vuelo simulado.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌmp.tʃu.əs/

sumptuous

suntuoso
Meaning
Splendid and expensive-looking; luxurious.
Example
The guests were treated to a sumptuous banquet.
Los invitados fueron tratados con un banquete suntuoso.
C1 noun /ˈstrɑːtəm/

stratum

estrato
Meaning
a layer or level of material, or a social class in society
Example
The upper stratum of society enjoyed privileges not available to others.
La capa superior de la sociedad disfrutaba de privilegios que no estaban disponibles para los demás.
C1 verb /strʌt/

strut

caminar con arrogancia
Meaning
to walk with a stiff, proud, and confident gait, often to show off
Example
He strutted across the stage after winning the award.
Él caminó por el escenario después de ganar el premio.
C1 adjective /ˈseɪlaɪn/

Saline

salino; relacionado con agua salada
Meaning
containing salt; salty; relating to salt water
Example
The saline solution is used for medical treatments.
La solución salina se usa para tratamientos médicos.
C1 adjective /səbˈdʒɛktɪv/

subjective

subjetivo
Meaning
based on personal feelings, tastes, or opinions rather than facts
Example
Beauty is often considered a subjective concept.
La belleza a menudo se considera un concepto subjetivo.
C1 adjective /ˈskænti/

Scanty

pequeño en tamaño o cantidad; insuficiente; apenas adecuado
Meaning
small in size or amount; insufficient; barely adequate
Example
The refugee camp had scanty food supplies.
El campo de refugiados tenía suministros de comida escasos.
C1 adjective /ˈskwɒlɪd/

squalid

extremadamente sucio
Meaning
extremely dirty and unpleasant, often due to poverty or neglect
Example
He lived in a squalid room with broken furniture.
Vivía en una habitación sucia con muebles rotos.
C1 adjective /ˈsted.fæst/

Steadfast

firme; resuelto; inquebrantable
Meaning
firm in belief, determination, or adherence; unwavering
Example
She remained steadfast in her commitment to helping the poor.
Ella permaneció firme en su compromiso de ayudar a los pobres.
C1 adjective /ˈspɪndli/

spindly

delgado y débil
Meaning
Long, thin, and weak-looking
Example
The spindly tree bent under the weight of the snow.
El árbol delgado se inclinó bajo el peso de la nieve.
C1 noun /səˈprɑːnoʊ/

soprano

la voz más alta femenina o de niño
Meaning
the highest female or boy’s singing voice
Example
She sang beautifully in the soprano range during the concert.
Ella cantó hermosamente en el rango soprano durante el concierto.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈsɒlvənt/

solvent

disolvente, capaz de pagar deudas
Meaning
a liquid that dissolves other substances; also means able to pay debts
Example
Acetone is a common solvent used in laboratories.
El acetona es un disolvente común usado en laboratorios.
C1 adjective /ˈspraɪtli/

sprightly

vivaz
Meaning
full of energy and life; lively
Example
The sprightly old man danced with joy at the wedding.
El hombre vivaz bailó con alegría en la boda.
C1 noun/verb /snɛər/

snare

trampa
Meaning
a trap for catching animals; to catch or trap
Example
The hunter set a snare to catch rabbits.
El cazador puso una trampa para atrapar conejos.
C1 noun /ʃeɪl/

shale

pizarra
Meaning
a fine-grained sedimentary rock that can be split into thin layers
Example
The region is rich in shale and natural gas deposits.
La región es rica en pizarra y depósitos de gas natural.
C1 noun /sɔɪl ˈmæn.ɪdʒ.mənt/

soil management

gestión del suelo
Meaning
The application of operations, practices, and treatments to protect soil and enhance its performance.
Example
Proper soil management improves long-term agricultural productivity.
La gestión adecuada del suelo mejora la productividad agrícola a largo plazo.
C1 adjective /ˈsɔːsi/

saucy

atrevido
Meaning
Boldly rude, cheeky, or playfully disrespectful.
Example
The child gave a saucy reply to his teacher.
El niño dio una respuesta atrevida a su maestro.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪn.tɪ.leɪ.tɪŋ/

scintillating

deslumbrante
Meaning
brilliantly clever, exciting, or sparkling
Example
Her scintillating conversation kept everyone entertained.
Su conversación deslumbrante mantuvo a todos entretenidos.
C1 noun ˌsæn.ɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

sanitization

sanitización
Meaning
The process of cleaning and disinfecting to eliminate germs and bacteria.
Example
Regular sanitization keeps appliances germ-free.
La sanitización regular mantiene los aparatos libres de gérmenes.
C1 verb /ˈskwɒndər/

squander

malgastar
Meaning
to waste money, time, or opportunities in a careless way
Example
He squandered his inheritance on gambling.
Él malgastó su herencia en juegos de azar.
C1 adjective /ˌsekənd ˈreɪt/

second-rate

de segunda categoría
Meaning
Of mediocre or inferior quality.
Example
The movie was entertaining but clearly second-rate compared to the original.
La película fue entretenida, pero claramente de segunda categoría en comparación con la original.
C1 noun /slæb/

slab

losa
Meaning
a large, thick, flat piece of stone, concrete, or other hard material
Example
The workers laid a concrete slab for the foundation.
Los trabajadores colocaron una losa de concreto para la fundación.
C1 noun /ˈstɪɡmə/

stigma

estigma
Meaning
a mark of shame or disgrace associated with a particular circumstance or quality
Example
There is still a stigma around mental health issues in many societies.
Todavía existe un estigma en torno a los problemas de salud mental en muchas sociedades.
C1 noun səˌsɛp.təˈbɪl.ə.ti

susceptibility

susceptibilidad
Meaning
The quality of being likely to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing; vulnerability.
Example
High susceptibility to infections requires extra care.
Alta susceptibilidad a infecciones requiere atención adicional.
C1 adjective /səbˈsɜːviənt/

subservient

subserviente
Meaning
prepared to obey others unquestioningly; less important than something else
Example
She was too subservient to challenge his decision.
Ella era demasiado sumisa para desafiar su decisión.
C1 adjective /ˈsɒmbər/

somber

sombrío
Meaning
Dark or dull in color or tone; gloomy or serious.
Example
The funeral had a somber atmosphere.
El funeral tenía un ambiente sombrío.
C1 noun /sɪˈdʌk.ʃən/

Seduction

seducción; tentación
Meaning
the action of seducing someone; temptation to do something wrong
Example
He fell victim to the seduction of easy money.
Cayó víctima de la seducción del dinero fácil.
C1 noun /speɪt/

spate

oleada
Meaning
a large number of things occurring in quick succession
Example
There has been a spate of robberies in the city.
Ha habido una oleada de robos en la ciudad.
C1 noun/verb /skɜːrdʒ/

scourge

maldición / flagelo
Meaning
A source of great pain or punishment; to whip or inflict suffering on someone.
Example
Disease and poverty remain a scourge in many regions.
La enfermedad y la pobreza siguen siendo una maldición en muchas regiones.
C1 noun /ˈsɒl.ɪs/

Solace

consuelo
Meaning
comfort or consolation in a time of distress or sadness
Example
She found solace in music after her loss.
Encontró consuelo en la música después de su pérdida.
C1 noun /ˈstəʊ.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/

stoicism

estoicismo
Meaning
The endurance of pain or hardship without the display of feelings and without complaint.
Example
His stoicism during hardship was admirable.
Su estoicismo durante la adversidad fue admirable.
C1 noun /ˌsɛnsəˈbɪləti/

Sensibility

sensibilidad
Meaning
the ability to appreciate and respond to complex emotional or aesthetic influences; sensitivity
Example
Her artistic sensibility made her appreciate fine details in paintings.
Su sensibilidad artística la hizo apreciar los detalles finos en las pinturas.
C1 adjective /ˈsɒljʊbəl/

soluble

soluble
Meaning
able to be dissolved, especially in water
Example
Sugar is soluble in water.
El azúcar es soluble en agua.
C1 adjective /ˈsaɪz.mɪk/

seismic

sísmico
Meaning
Relating to earthquakes or vibrations of the earth and its crust.
Example
The region is known for its seismic activity.
La región es conocida por su actividad sísmica.
C1 noun /səˈrɛn.ɪ.ti/

serenity

serenidad
Meaning
The state of being calm, peaceful, and untroubled.
Example
Meditation helps in achieving inner serenity.
La meditación ayuda a alcanzar la serenidad interior.
C1 noun /ˈsaɪ.ən/

scion

descendiente
Meaning
a descendant of a wealthy, aristocratic, or influential family
Example
He is the scion of a wealthy industrialist family.
Él es el descendiente de una familia industrialista rica.
C1 verb /ʃɪə/

shear

cortar
Meaning
to cut the wool off a sheep or to cut something with sharp tools like scissors or shears
Example
The farmer will shear the sheep in the spring.
El agricultor sheará la oveja en la primavera.
C1 verb /smɜrk/

smirk

sonreír con suficiencia
Meaning
to smile in a self-satisfied, smug, or silly way
Example
He smirked when he won the argument.
Él sonrió cuando ganó la discusión.
C1 noun /ˈsaɪnəs/

sinus

seno
Meaning
A cavity within a bone or tissue, especially those in the bones of the face connected with the nasal cavities.
Example
He suffered from a sinus infection that caused headaches.
Él sufrió de una infección sinusal que le causó dolor de cabeza.
C1 noun /ˈstɪklər/

stickler

persona estricta con las normas
Meaning
a person who insists on a certain quality or standard of behavior
Example
He is a stickler for punctuality and never tolerates delays.
Él es muy estricto con la puntualidad y no tolera retrasos.
C1 noun səbˈsɪs.təns

subsistence

subsistencia
Meaning
The action or fact of maintaining or supporting oneself at a minimum level.
Example
Many farmers depend on subsistence agriculture.
Muchos agricultores dependen de la agricultura de subsistencia.
C1 noun sælˈveɪʃən

salvation

salvación
Meaning
Deliverance from sin and its consequences, believed by Christians to be brought about by faith in Christ.
Example
The story revolves around the theme of salvation.
La historia gira en torno al tema de la salvación.
C1 noun /ˈswɪndlɚ/

swindler

estafador
Meaning
a person who cheats or deceives others for money or gain
Example
The police finally caught the notorious swindler.
La policía finalmente atrapó al notorio estafador.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪlkən/

Silken

de seda; suave; brillante;
Meaning
made of silk; smooth and soft like silk
Example
She wore a beautiful silken dress to the party.
Ella llevaba un hermoso vestido de seda a la fiesta.
C1 verb /ˈstoʊnwɔːl/

stonewall

bloquear
Meaning
To delay or block progress by refusing to cooperate or answer
Example
The witness tried to stonewall during the investigation.
El testigo intentó hacer stonewall durante la investigación.
C1 noun /ˌsɛlfsəˈfɪʃənsi/

Self-sufficiency

autosuficiencia
Meaning
the ability to supply one's own needs without external assistance; independence
Example
The farm achieved complete self-sufficiency in food production.
La granja logró la autosuficiencia completa en la producción de alimentos.
C1 verb /ˈskruː.tɪ.naɪz/

scrutinize

examinar o inspeccionar de cerca y a fondo
Meaning
Examine or inspect closely and thoroughly.
Example
The scientist scrutinized the data before publishing his findings.
El científico examinó los datos antes de publicar sus hallazgos.
C1 verb /səbˈstænʃieɪt/

substantiate

substanciar
Meaning
To provide evidence to support or prove the truth of something.
Example
The lawyer worked to substantiate the claims with solid evidence.
El abogado trabajó para substanciar las reclamaciones con pruebas sólidas.
C1 verb /spɜːrn/

spurn

rechazar con desdén
Meaning
To reject something or someone with disdain or contempt.
Example
She spurned his offer of help.
Ella rechazó su oferta de ayuda con desdén.
C1 verb /ˈʃʌdər/

shudder

temblar
Meaning
to tremble or shake suddenly, often due to fear, cold, or strong emotion
Example
She shuddered at the thought of walking alone in the dark forest.
Ella se estremeció al pensar en caminar sola en el oscuro bosque.
C1 noun səˈsteɪnəbəl ænd kəˈlæbərətɪv əˈproʊtʃ

sustainable and collaborative approach

enfoque sostenible y colaborativo
Meaning
A method of working together that can be maintained over time without depleting resources or causing harm.
Example
A sustainable and collaborative approach is crucial for solving environmental problems.
Un enfoque sostenible y colaborativo es crucial para resolver los problemas ambientales.
C1 adjective /skəˈlæstɪk/

scholastic

escolar
Meaning
Relating to schools, education, or academic learning.
Example
The school organizes scholastic competitions every year.
La escuela organiza competencias escolares cada año.
C1 noun /sɪlk klɔːθ/

Silk cloth

tela de seda
Meaning
fabric made from natural fibers produced by silkworms
Example
The bride wore a beautiful dress made of silk cloth.
La novia llevaba un hermoso vestido hecho de tela de seda.