Salmon fish / Rohu
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C1 noun /ˈsæl.mən fɪʃ / ˈroʊ.huː/

Salmon fish / Rohu

pescado Rohu
Meaning
a freshwater fish popular in South Asian cuisine; also refers to salmon which is a different species
Example
Rohu fish is commonly prepared with spices in Bengali households.
El pescado Rohu se prepara comúnmente con especias en los hogares bengalíes.
C1 adjective /ˈswɛltərɪŋ/

sweltering

abrasador
Meaning
uncomfortably hot
Example
The sweltering heat made it hard to work.
El calor abrasador hizo que fuera difícil trabajar.
C1 verb /ˈstɪp.jʊ.leɪt/

stipulate

establecer
Meaning
to demand or specify a condition in an agreement or contract
Example
The contract stipulates that payment must be made within 30 days.
El contrato estipula que el pago debe realizarse dentro de 30 días.
C1 noun /ˈspiːʃiː/

specie

moneda
Meaning
money in the form of coins rather than notes or credit
Example
The transaction was made in specie.
La transacción se hizo en monedas.
C1 adjective /səkˈsɪŋkt/

succinct

conciso
Meaning
Briefly and clearly expressed; characterized by clear, precise expression in few words.
Example
His speech was succinct and impactful.
Su discurso fue conciso e impactante.
C1 adjective /ˈskɛtʃi/

sketchy

incompleto
Meaning
not thorough or detailed; suspicious or unsafe
Example
The details of the project were still sketchy.
Los detalles del proyecto aún estaban incompletos.
C1 verb sɪˈkwɛstər

sequester

aislar, esconder
Meaning
To isolate or hide away.
Example
The carbon captured by trees can be sequestered for years.
El carbono capturado por los árboles puede ser aislado durante años.
C1 noun /straɪf/

strife

conflicto, lucha
Meaning
angry or violent conflict; struggle or discord
Example
The region has been torn apart by political strife.
La región ha sido desgarrada por el conflicto político.
C1 noun /sɪˈtɑːr/

Sitar

sitar
Meaning
a traditional Indian stringed musical instrument with a long neck and resonating body
Example
The sitar creates beautiful ragas in Indian classical music.
El sitar crea hermosos ragas en la música clásica india.
C1 verb /sɪˈdjuːs/

seduce

seducir
Meaning
to attract someone into doing something, especially something they might not normally do
Example
The advertisement was designed to seduce customers into buying luxury products.
El anuncio estaba diseñado para seducir a los clientes a comprar productos de lujo.
C1 noun səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

sophistication

nivel alto de complejidad o refinamiento
Meaning
High level of complexity or refinement.
Example
The sophistication of modern AI technology is remarkable.
La sofisticación de la tecnología moderna de IA es notable.
C1 noun /ˈsɜːrtʃɑːrdʒ/

surcharge

recargo adicional
Meaning
an additional charge or payment added to the usual cost
Example
The airline ticket had a fuel surcharge added to it.
El boleto de avión tenía un recargo por combustible agregado.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌn.dri/

sundry

diverso
Meaning
Various or miscellaneous.
Example
The shop sells fruits, clothes, and sundry items.
La tienda vende frutas, ropa y varios artículos.
C1 noun ˈsɛlf pəˈzɪʃən

self-possession

autocontrol
Meaning
The quality of being calm and confident and in control of one's emotions; composure.
Example
His self-possession during the crisis was remarkable.
Su autocontrol durante la crisis fue notable.
C1 noun /swiːt.laɪm/

Sweetlime

limón dulce
Meaning
a citrus fruit that is sweeter and less acidic than regular lime
Example
The sweetlime juice was refreshing on a hot day.
El jugo de limón dulce era refrescante en un día caluroso.
C1 verb /sɪˈkluːd/

seclude

aislar
Meaning
To keep someone away from other people; to isolate.
Example
The monk chose to seclude himself in the mountains.
El monje eligió aislarse en las montañas.
C1 noun /ˈstænzə/

stanza

estrofa
Meaning
a group of lines forming a unit in a poem or song
Example
The poem begins with a stanza describing nature.
El poema comienza con una estrofa que describe la naturaleza.
C1 noun /ˈsæŋk.ʃən/

Sanction

sanción
Meaning
official permission or approval; a penalty for disobeying a rule
Example
The government imposed economic sanctions on the country.
El gobierno impuso sanciones económicas al país.
C1 adjective /ˈsɒnɪk/

sonic

sonico
Meaning
Relating to or involving sound waves or speed of sound.
Example
The jet created a loud boom when it broke the sonic barrier.
El jet creó un fuerte estruendo cuando rompió la barrera sónica.
C1 noun /ˌsɛlf ɪnˈdʌldʒəns/

self-indulgence

autoindulgencia
Meaning
The act of allowing oneself to enjoy pleasures or desires excessively.
Example
His weekend of self-indulgence included eating sweets and watching movies nonstop.
Su fin de semana de autoindulgencia incluyó comer dulces y ver películas sin parar.
C1 verb ˈsɪn.ɚ.dʒaɪz

synergize

sinergizar, combinar de manera que aumente la efectividad.
Meaning
combine in such a way as to enhance effectiveness.
Example
The departments must synergize to improve efficiency.
Los departamentos deben sinergizar para mejorar la eficiencia.
C1 noun /ˈsækrɪlɪdʒ/

sacrilege

sacrilegio
Meaning
Violation or misuse of what is regarded as sacred.
Example
Stealing from the temple was considered an act of sacrilege.
Robar del templo se consideraba un acto de sacrilegio.
C1 verb /səbˈsaɪd/

subside

disminuir
Meaning
to become less intense, violent, or severe; to sink or fall to a lower level
Example
After the storm, the floodwaters began to subside.
Después de la tormenta, las aguas de la inundación comenzaron a disminuir.
C1 noun /stæɡˈneɪ.ʃən/

stagnation

estancamiento
Meaning
A state of inactivity or lack of growth, especially in an economy.
Example
High unemployment led to economic stagnation.
El alto desempleo condujo al estancamiento económico.
C1 adjective /ˈsnɒbɪʃ/

snobbish

presuntuoso
Meaning
having or showing the attitude of people who think they are better than others
Example
She seemed snobbish because she avoided talking to the waiters.
Ella parecía presuntuosa porque evitó hablar con los camareros.
C1 noun /ˈskaʊndrəl/

scoundrel

canalla
Meaning
a dishonest or unscrupulous person; a villain
Example
That scoundrel cheated the old man out of his savings.
Ese canalla engañó al anciano y le robó sus ahorros.
C1 adjective ˈsɪŋ.krə.nəs

synchronous

sincrónico
Meaning
Existing or occurring at the same time.
Example
Synchronous learning involves live online classes.
El aprendizaje sincrónico implica clases en línea en vivo.
C1 adjective /ˈsleɪ.vɪʃ/

slavish

esclavo
Meaning
showing no originality; completely imitative or overly submissive
Example
His slavish devotion to tradition prevented any innovation.
Su devoción esclava a la tradición impidió cualquier innovación.
C1 adjective /ˌsɛlf ɪˈfeɪsɪŋ/

self-effacing

modesto
Meaning
not drawing attention to oneself; modest
Example
Despite his success, he remained self-effacing and humble.
A pesar de su éxito, él se mantuvo modesto y humilde.
C1 noun /sɪlt/

silt

lodo
Meaning
Fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment.
Example
The river deposited layers of silt along its banks.
El río depositó capas de lodo a lo largo de sus orillas.
C1 adjective /ˈstɛlər/

stellar

excepcional
Meaning
Relating to stars; outstanding or excellent.
Example
She gave a stellar performance in the play.
Ella dio una actuación excepcional en la obra.
C1 verb /ˈspɪərˌhɛd/

spearhead

encabezar
Meaning
to lead or initiate an action, project, or movement
Example
She spearheaded the campaign for environmental awareness.
Ella encabezó la campaña por la conciencia ambiental.
C1 adjective /ˈskrɔːni/

scrawny

flaco
Meaning
very thin and bony, often looking unhealthy
Example
The scrawny boy could barely lift the heavy bag.
El chico flaco apenas podía levantar la bolsa pesada.
C1 noun /səbˈdʒɛkʃən/

subjection

subyugación
Meaning
the act of bringing someone or something under control or domination
Example
The people suffered under the subjection of a cruel ruler.
El pueblo sufrió bajo la subyugación de un gobernante cruel.
C1 noun /ˈstɔːrhaʊs/

storehouse

almacén
Meaning
A place where goods, supplies, or valuables are stored; a repository
Example
The warehouse acted as a storehouse for all the imported goods.
El almacén actuaba como un storehouse para todos los productos importados.
C1 verb /skrɔːl/

scrawl

escribir rápidamente y de manera desordenada
Meaning
to write or draw something quickly and carelessly, making it hard to read
Example
He scrawled his signature at the bottom of the page.
Él scrawle su firma en la parte inferior de la página.
C1 noun /ˌsɛlf əˌfɜːˈmeɪʃən/

self-affirmation

autoafirmación
Meaning
The practice of affirming one's own worthiness and value as an individual.
Example
Daily self-affirmation can boost your confidence.
La autoafirmación diaria puede aumentar tu confianza.
C1 noun /ˈskwɒlər/

squalor

miseria
Meaning
the state of being extremely dirty and unpleasant, especially due to poverty or neglect
Example
They lived in squalor without basic facilities.
Vivían en la miseria sin instalaciones básicas.
C1 adjective /ˈsliːzi/

sleazy

de mala calidad, inmoral o barato
Meaning
morally low, dirty, or cheap in quality
Example
He avoided the sleazy nightclub downtown.
Él evitó el club nocturno sórdido en el centro.
C1 noun /səbˈmɪtəl/

submittal

entrega
Meaning
the act of submitting something, especially a document for consideration or approval
Example
The contractor sent the submittal to the client for approval.
El contratista envió la entrega al cliente para su aprobación.
C1 adjective /ˌsuːɪˈsaɪdəl/

Suicidal

suicida
Meaning
relating to or having thoughts of killing oneself; extremely dangerous or harmful
Example
The reckless driving was suicidal behavior.
La conducción imprudente fue un comportamiento suicida.
C1 noun /ˈstɪɡmə/

stigma

estigma
Meaning
a mark of shame or disgrace associated with a particular circumstance or quality
Example
There is still a stigma around mental health issues in many societies.
Todavía existe un estigma en torno a los problemas de salud mental en muchas sociedades.
C1 noun /ˈskæf.əld/

Scaffold

andamio
Meaning
a temporary structure used by workers to stand on when building or repairing something high; a platform for execution
Example
The workers erected a scaffold to paint the building's exterior.
Los trabajadores erigieron un andamio para pintar el exterior del edificio.
C1 adjective /ˈsteɪtli/

stately

majestuoso y digno
Meaning
Having a dignified, majestic, and impressive appearance or manner.
Example
The stately mansion stood at the end of the long driveway.
La majestuosa mansión se encontraba al final del largo camino de entrada.
C1 noun /səbˈvɜːrʒən/

subversion

subversión
Meaning
the act of trying to destroy or undermine an established system or authority
Example
The government accused the rebels of planning subversion.
El gobierno acusó a los rebeldes de planear una subversión.
C1 verb /ʃʌn/

Shun

evitar
Meaning
to deliberately avoid or stay away from someone or something
Example
He shuns public attention and prefers privacy.
Él evita la atención pública y prefiere la privacidad.
C1 adjective /ˌsɛlf əbˈzɔːrbd/

self-absorbed

egocéntrico
Meaning
Excessively preoccupied with oneself and one’s own thoughts, feelings, or interests.
Example
He was too self-absorbed to notice his friend's distress.
Estaba demasiado egocéntrico para notar la angustia de su amigo.
C1 noun /ˈstɪm.jʊ.laɪ/

stimuli

estímulo
Meaning
Things that create reactions or provide motivation.
Example
Bright light and loud sounds are common stimuli for alertness.
La luz brillante y los sonidos fuertes son estímulos comunes para la alerta.
C1 adjective /ˈstætʃətɔːri/

statutory

estatutario
Meaning
Required, permitted, or enacted by law.
Example
The company must comply with all statutory regulations.
La empresa debe cumplir con todas las regulaciones estatutarias.
C1 noun /skraɪb/

scribe

escriba
Meaning
a person who writes documents, especially in ancient times; a professional copyist
Example
In ancient Egypt, scribes recorded important events.
En el antiguo Egipto, los escribas registraron eventos importantes.
C1 verb /ˈsnɪkər/

snicker

reírse disimuladamente
Meaning
to laugh quietly in a disrespectful or mocking way
Example
The students snickered when the teacher made a mistake.
Los estudiantes se rieron cuando el maestro cometió un error.
C1 adjective /səbˈsɪd.i.ər.i/

Subsidiary

subsidiario; secundario; relacionado con una empresa subsidiaria
Meaning
less important than the main thing; secondary; of or relating to a subsidiary company
Example
The subsidiary company handles all overseas operations.
La empresa subsidiaria maneja todas las operaciones en el extranjero.
C1 verb /ˈslɪðər/

slither

deslizarse
Meaning
to move smoothly over a surface with a twisting, sliding motion, like a snake
Example
The snake slithered through the grass.
La serpiente se deslizó a través de la hierba.
C1 adjective /ˈsaɪt.ləs/

Sightless

ciego; sin visión
Meaning
unable to see; blind; lacking vision
Example
The sightless man navigated the street with his guide dog.
El hombre ciego navegó por la calle con su perro guía.
C1 adjective /ˈswoʊlən/

swollen

hinchado
Meaning
Enlarged or puffed up, usually due to injury, inflammation, or fluid accumulation
Example
Her ankle was swollen after she twisted it during the hike.
Su tobillo estaba hinchado después de torcerlo durante la caminata.
C1 noun /ˈskeɪp.ɡəʊt/

Scapegoat

chivo expiatorio
Meaning
a person who is blamed for the wrongdoings, mistakes, or faults of others
Example
He became the scapegoat for the team's poor performance.
Se convirtió en el chivo expiatorio del pobre rendimiento del equipo.
C1 noun /ˌsæl.jʊˈteɪ.ʃən/

Salutation

saludo; expresión de buenos deseos
Meaning
a greeting; an expression of goodwill
Example
The letter began with a formal salutation.
La carta comenzó con un saludo formal.
C1 noun /ˈskwɒtər/

squatter

ocupante ilegal
Meaning
a person who unlawfully occupies an uninhabited building or unused land
Example
The police removed the squatters from the abandoned house.
La policía sacó a los ocupantes ilegales de la casa abandonada.
C1 noun /suˈpriː.mə.si/

Supremacy

supremacía; autoridad o poder más alto
Meaning
the state of being supreme; highest authority or power
Example
The country established naval supremacy in the region.
El país estableció supremacía naval en la región.
C1 noun /ˈsʌn.stroʊk/

Sunstroke

golpe de calor
Meaning
a serious condition caused by overheating from prolonged exposure to high temperatures
Example
The worker suffered from sunstroke after working outside all day.
El trabajador sufrió un golpe de calor después de trabajar afuera todo el día.
C1 noun/verb /skɜːrdʒ/

scourge

maldición / flagelo
Meaning
A source of great pain or punishment; to whip or inflict suffering on someone.
Example
Disease and poverty remain a scourge in many regions.
La enfermedad y la pobreza siguen siendo una maldición en muchas regiones.
C1 verb ˈsɪn.θə.saɪ.zɪŋ

synthesizing

sintetizar, combinar, presentar de forma coherente
Meaning
Combine (a number of things) into a coherent whole.
Example
He excels in synthesizing ideas from different sources.
Él sobresale en sintetizar ideas de diferentes fuentes.
C1 adjective /ˈsek.j ə.l ər/

Secular

laico
Meaning
not connected with religious or spiritual matters; worldly
Example
The country maintains a secular government that separates religion from politics.
El país mantiene un gobierno secular que separa la religión de la política.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌbstəntɪv/

substantive

importante
Meaning
Having a firm basis in reality; important, meaningful, or considerable.
Example
The company made substantive changes to its policy.
La compañía hizo cambios importantes en su política.
C1 adjective /suːˈpɜːr.flu.əs/

superfluous

superfluo
Meaning
Unnecessary, especially through being more than enough.
Example
His speech contained too many superfluous details.
Su discurso contenía demasiados detalles superfluos.
C1 adjective /səbˈdʒɛktɪv/

subjective

subjetivo
Meaning
based on personal feelings, tastes, or opinions rather than facts
Example
Beauty is often considered a subjective concept.
La belleza a menudo se considera un concepto subjetivo.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪn.tɪ.leɪ.tɪŋ/

scintillating

deslumbrante
Meaning
brilliantly clever, exciting, or sparkling
Example
Her scintillating conversation kept everyone entertained.
Su conversación deslumbrante mantuvo a todos entretenidos.
C1 noun /ˈsæf.aɪər/

Saphire

zafiro
Meaning
a precious stone that is typically blue in color
Example
The royal crown was adorned with a large sapphire.
La corona real estaba adornada con un gran zafiro.
C1 noun /ˈsɜːrəɡət/

surrogate

sustituto
Meaning
A substitute, especially a person deputizing for another in a specific role or office.
Example
The surrogate mother gave birth to the child after carrying it for nine months.
La madre sustituta dio a luz al niño tras llevarlo durante nueve meses.
C1 adjective /ˈspel.baʊnd/

Spellbound

hechizado; cautivado
Meaning
completely fascinated and unable to move or think about anything else; enchanted
Example
The children sat spellbound as the magician performed his tricks.
Los niños se quedaron hechizados mientras el mago hacía sus trucos.
C1 noun /ˈsed.ɪ.mənt/

Sediment

sedimento
Meaning
matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; particles deposited by water or wind
Example
The river carried sediment downstream during the flood.
El río llevó sedimento río abajo durante la inundación.
C1 verb /ˈsaɪdˌstɛp/

sidestep

eludir
Meaning
To avoid something by stepping aside; to evade a problem or question indirectly.
Example
The politician tried to sidestep the difficult question.
El político intentó eludir la difícil pregunta.
C1 verb /ˈsaɪdˌtræk/

sidetrack

desviar
Meaning
To distract from the main subject or activity.
Example
She was sidetracked by an unexpected phone call.
Ella se desvió por una llamada telefónica inesperada.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪnjuəs/

sinuous

sinuoso
Meaning
Having many curves, bends, or turns; winding.
Example
The hikers followed a sinuous path through the forest.
Los excursionistas siguieron un camino sinuoso a través del bosque.
C1 verb /ˌsuːpərɪmˈpoʊz/

superimpose

superponer
Meaning
to place one thing on top of another so that both can be seen
Example
The editor superimposed text over the image.
El editor superpuso texto sobre la imagen.
C1 noun, verb /səˈpiːnə/

subpoena

citación judicial
Meaning
a legal document ordering someone to attend court; to summon someone with such a document
Example
The witness received a subpoena to appear in court next week.
El testigo recibió una citación judicial para comparecer en la corte la próxima semana.
C1 adjective /ˈskrɪptʃərəl/

scriptural

escritural
Meaning
Relating to or contained in the scriptures or holy writings.
Example
The priest gave a scriptural reference during the sermon.
El sacerdote dio una referencia escritural durante el sermón.
C1 noun /ˌsɪmbɪˈəʊsɪs/

symbiosis

relación simbiótica
Meaning
A mutually beneficial relationship between different people or groups.
Example
The symbiosis between the two companies led to mutual growth.
La simbiosis entre las dos empresas llevó a un crecimiento mutuo.
C1 adjective /səbˈvɜːrsɪv/

subversive

subversivo
Meaning
seeking or intended to undermine or overthrow an established system or authority
Example
The group was banned for its subversive activities.
El grupo fue prohibido por sus actividades subversivas.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈsiːzənd/

seasoned

experimentado / sazonado
Meaning
Experienced in a particular activity; also, flavored with spices.
Example
She is a seasoned teacher with over 20 years of experience.
Ella es una maestra experimentada con más de 20 años de experiencia.
C1 noun ˈsʌfrɪdʒ

suffrage

sufragio
Meaning
The right to vote in political elections; the principle of political representation.
Example
Universal suffrage was a key demand.
El sufragio universal fue una demanda clave.
C1 noun /skɪt/

skit

sketch
Meaning
a short, humorous performance or piece of writing
Example
The students performed a funny skit at the event.
Los estudiantes realizaron un divertido sketch en el evento.
C1 noun /ˈsɔː.dʌst/

sawdust

aserrín
Meaning
The tiny particles of wood produced by sawing or sanding.
Example
The floor was covered with sawdust from the carpentry work.
El suelo estaba cubierto con aserrín del trabajo de carpintería.
C1 adjective /ˈspɛərɪŋ/

sparing

ahorrativo / moderado
Meaning
Using or giving only a little of something; economical.
Example
She is sparing in her use of words.
Ella es económica en el uso de las palabras.
C1 noun, adjective, verb /ʃæm/

sham

farsa
Meaning
something that is not what it appears to be; a false or fake thing; to pretend
Example
The deal turned out to be a sham.
El trato resultó ser una farsa.
C1 noun /ˈstætʃər/

stature

estatura, prestigio
Meaning
A person's natural height or their reputation and importance.
Example
Her intellectual stature made her a respected figure in academia.
Su estatura intelectual la convirtió en una figura respetada en el mundo académico.
C1 adjective /səˈriːn/

serene

sereno y pacífico
Meaning
Calm, peaceful, and untroubled; tranquil.
Example
The lake had a serene and peaceful atmosphere.
El lago tenía una atmósfera serena y pacífica.
C1 verb /ˌsuːpərˈsiːd/

supersede

reemplazar
Meaning
To replace or take the place of something because it is more modern or effective.
Example
This new law will supersede the old regulations.
Esta nueva ley reemplazará las viejas regulaciones.
C1 adjective /ʃrɪl/

shrill

sonido agudo
Meaning
High-pitched and piercing in sound.
Example
The shrill whistle startled everyone in the room.
El silbido agudo sorprendió a todos en la sala.
C1 adjective /ˈspraɪtli/

sprightly

vivaz
Meaning
full of energy and life; lively
Example
The sprightly old man danced with joy at the wedding.
El hombre vivaz bailó con alegría en la boda.
C1 noun /ˌstætʃuˈɛt/

statuette

estatuilla
Meaning
A small statue, usually decorative or artistic.
Example
The artist won a gold statuette for his work.
El artista ganó una estatuilla de oro por su trabajo.
C1 noun /ˈstændˌstɪl/

standstill

paro
Meaning
a situation in which all movement or activity stops
Example
The traffic came to a standstill after the accident.
El tráfico llegó a un paro después del accidente.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɪp.ʃeɪp/

Shipshape

ordenado; bien organizado; en buen estado
Meaning
neat and tidy; in good order; well-organized
Example
Everything was shipshape before the inspection.
Todo estaba en perfecto estado antes de la inspección.
C1 noun səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈpræktɪsɪz

sustainable practices

prácticas sostenibles
Meaning
Methods and activities that can be maintained over time without depleting natural resources or harming the environment.
Example
Sustainable practices are vital for environmental preservation.
Las prácticas sostenibles son vitales para la preservación del medio ambiente.
C1 noun /ʃɑːrd/

shard

fragmento
Meaning
a broken piece of glass, metal, or pottery
Example
He cut his finger on a shard of glass.
Se cortó el dedo con un fragmento de vidrio.
C1 noun ˌsæn.ɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

sanitization

sanitización
Meaning
The process of cleaning and disinfecting to eliminate germs and bacteria.
Example
Regular sanitization keeps appliances germ-free.
La sanitización regular mantiene los aparatos libres de gérmenes.
C1 noun /səˈprɛʃən/

suppression

supresión
Meaning
the act of forcibly stopping something or holding back feelings or actions
Example
The suppression of free speech led to protests.
La supresión de la libertad de expresión llevó a protestas.
C1 verb /slaʊtʃ/

slouch

encorvarse
Meaning
To stand, sit, or move in a lazy or awkward way.
Example
He slouched in the chair, looking tired.
Se encorvó en la silla, luciendo cansado.
C1 noun /ˌsɛrənˈdɪpɪti/

serendipity

serendipia
Meaning
The occurrence of events by chance in a happy or beneficial way.
Example
Finding that old photo album was pure serendipity.
Encontrar ese viejo álbum de fotos fue pura serendipia.
C1 noun /ˌsəʊʃəˈbɪləti/

sociability

sociabilidad
Meaning
The quality or state of being sociable; friendliness.
Example
Her sociability made her popular in the office.
Su sociabilidad la hizo popular en la oficina.
C1 adjective /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

subterranean

subterráneo
Meaning
Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.
Example
Subterranean water sources help sustain agriculture.
Las fuentes de agua subterráneas ayudan a sostener la agricultura.
C1 verb /ˈstrætɪfaɪ/

stratify

estratificar
Meaning
to arrange or divide into layers, classes, or categories
Example
The researchers plan to stratify the data based on age groups.
Los investigadores planean estratificar los datos según los grupos de edad.
C1 verb /ˈstɪntɪŋ/

stinting

dar con tacañería
Meaning
to supply sparingly or with restrictions
Example
He never stinting his efforts to help the poor.
Él nunca escatima esfuerzos para ayudar a los pobres.
C1 noun /ˈstrɑːtəm/

stratum

estrato
Meaning
a layer or level of material, or a social class in society
Example
The upper stratum of society enjoyed privileges not available to others.
La capa superior de la sociedad disfrutaba de privilegios que no estaban disponibles para los demás.
C1 noun /ˈskep.tɪ.sɪ.zəm/

skepticism

escepticismo, duda
Meaning
A skeptical attitude; doubt as to the truth of something.
Example
His skepticism about new technology often makes him resistant to change.
Su escepticismo sobre la nueva tecnología a menudo lo hace resistente al cambio.
C1 adjective /ˈstrætɪfaɪd/

stratified

estratificado
Meaning
arranged or classified in layers or strata
Example
Society in the past was highly stratified based on class and wealth.
La sociedad en el pasado estaba altamente estratificada según la clase y la riqueza.
C1 adjective /ˈsɛreɪtɪd/

serrated

dentado
Meaning
Having a notched or saw-toothed edge.
Example
The bread knife had a serrated blade.
El cuchillo de pan tenía una hoja dentada.
C1 verb /ˈʃɪmər/

shimmer

brillar tenuemente
Meaning
To shine with a soft, wavering light.
Example
The lake shimmered under the moonlight.
El lago brillaba bajo la luz de la luna.
C1 verb /səbˈmɜːrdʒ/

submerge

sumergir
Meaning
to put under water or cover with liquid
Example
The floodwaters threatened to submerge the village.
Las aguas de la inundación amenazaron con sumergir el pueblo.
C1 noun /ˈsɜːr.vɪ.tuːd/

Servitude

servidumbre
Meaning
the state of being a slave or completely subject to someone more powerful
Example
Many people fought to escape the servitude imposed by the colonial system.
Muchas personas lucharon por escapar de la servidumbre impuesta por el sistema colonial.
C1 noun /ˈswiːt.miːt/

Sweetmeat

dulce
Meaning
a small piece of confectionery or candy; a sweet delicacy
Example
The children enjoyed the traditional sweetmeats during the festival.
Los niños disfrutaron de los dulces tradicionales durante el festival.
C1 /splɪnt/

splint

férula
Meaning
A rigid device used to support and immobilize a broken or injured body part.
Example
The doctor applied a splint to stabilize the patient's broken arm.
El doctor aplicó una férula para estabilizar el brazo roto del paciente.
C1 verb /ˈskruː.tɪ.naɪz/

scrutinize

examinar o inspeccionar de cerca y a fondo
Meaning
Examine or inspect closely and thoroughly.
Example
The scientist scrutinized the data before publishing his findings.
El científico examinó los datos antes de publicar sus hallazgos.
C1 verb /ˈsɔːntər/

saunter

caminar despacio
Meaning
to walk in a slow, relaxed manner without hurry or effort
Example
We sauntered along the riverside, stopping now and then to watch the boats.
Caminamos lentamente por la orilla del río, deteniéndonos de vez en cuando para observar los botes.
C1 noun /ˈsɔːjər/

Sawyer

aserrador
Meaning
a person who saws wood, especially as an occupation
Example
The skilled sawyer cut the logs into planks.
El hábil aserrador cortó los troncos en tablones.
C1 verb /siːp/

seep

filtrarse lentamente
Meaning
to flow or leak slowly through small openings or pores
Example
Water began to seep through the cracks in the wall.
El agua comenzó a filtrarse a través de las grietas en la pared.
C1 verb /ˈsmoʊldər/

smolder

ardecer lentamente
Meaning
to burn slowly with smoke but no flame; to show suppressed anger or emotion
Example
The fire smoldered for hours before it went out.
El fuego ardió lentamente durante horas antes de apagarse.
C1 verb /smɛlt/

smelt

fundir
Meaning
to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting
Example
The workers smelt iron from its ore in the factory.
Los trabajadores funden hierro de su mineral en la fábrica.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌl.ki/

Sulky

malhumorado y taciturno; temperamental
Meaning
bad-tempered and sullen; moody
Example
The child became sulky when he couldn't get his favorite toy.
El niño se puso malhumorado cuando no pudo conseguir su juguete favorito.
C1 adjective ˈskruː.pjʊ.ləs

scrupulous

escrupuloso
Meaning
Diligent, thorough, and extremely attentive to details; having moral integrity; acting in strict regard for what is considered right or proper.
Example
He is known for being scrupulous in his work.
Es conocido por ser escrupuloso en su trabajo.
C1 verb /ˈstoʊnwɔːl/

stonewall

bloquear
Meaning
To delay or block progress by refusing to cooperate or answer
Example
The witness tried to stonewall during the investigation.
El testigo intentó hacer stonewall durante la investigación.