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C1 noun /rɪˈpɑːzɪtɔːri/

repository

repositorio
Meaning
a place where things are stored or kept for safekeeping
Example
The library serves as a repository of knowledge.
La biblioteca sirve como un repositorio de conocimiento.
C1 verb /ˈræʃənəlaɪz/

rationalize

racionalizar
Meaning
to attempt to explain or justify behavior or decisions with logical reasons, even if they are not true or appropriate
Example
She tried to rationalize her lateness by blaming the traffic.
Ella trató de racionalizar su retraso culpando al tráfico.
C1 noun /ˈrɒndɪvuː/

rendezvous

encuentro
Meaning
a meeting or appointment at an agreed time and place
Example
They arranged a secret rendezvous at the café.
Arreglaron un encuentro secreto en el café.
C1 noun /ˈroʊz ˈwɔː.tər/

Rose-water

agua de rosa
Meaning
a flavored water made by steeping rose petals in water, used in cooking and cosmetics
Example
She added a few drops of rose-water to the dessert.
Ella añadió unas gotas de agua de rosa al postre.
C1 noun /rɪˈkɜr.əns/

Recurrence

recurrencia
Meaning
the fact of something happening again; an instance of something happening again
Example
The doctor was concerned about the recurrence of the patient's symptoms.
El doctor estaba preocupado por la recurrencia de los síntomas del paciente.
C1 noun rɪˈdʒɛn.ər.ə.tɪv ˈfɑːr.mɪŋ

regenerative farming

agricultura regenerativa
Meaning
Agricultural practices that improve soil health and biodiversity.
Example
Regenerative farming improves soil fertility and biodiversity.
La agricultura regenerativa mejora la fertilidad del suelo y la biodiversidad.
C1 adjective /rɪˈpɛlənt/

repellent

repelente
Meaning
Able to drive away something, especially insects or unpleasant things; causing disgust or distaste.
Example
This cream is highly effective as a mosquito repellent.
Esta crema es muy efectiva como repelente de mosquitos.
C1 verb /ˌriːɪmˈbɜːrs/

reimburse

reembolsar
Meaning
to pay back money to someone who has spent it or lost it
Example
The company reimbursed him for travel expenses.
La empresa le reembolsó los gastos de viaje.
C1 noun /rɪˈdʒɔɪsɪŋ/

rejoicing

alegría
Meaning
The action of showing great joy or happiness
Example
There was much rejoicing after the victory.
Hubo mucha alegría después de la victoria.
C1 adjective ˈriːdʒən spəˈsɪfɪk

region-specific

específico de la región
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of a particular region or area.
Example
Climate change impacts are region-specific.
Los impactos del cambio climático son específicos de la región.
C1 verb /rɪˈtɑːrd/

retard

retrasar / ralentizar
Meaning
to delay or slow down the progress of something
Example
Lack of funds may retard the development of the project.
La falta de fondos puede retrasar el desarrollo del proyecto.
C1 noun /rɪˈpraɪ.zəl/

Reprisal

venganza
Meaning
an act of retaliation; revenge taken for an injury or wrong
Example
The attack was carried out as a reprisal for the earlier bombing.
El ataque se realizó como una represalia por el bombardeo anterior.
C1 noun /ˌrɛfəˈrɛndəm/

referendum

referéndum
Meaning
a general vote by the population on a single political issue
Example
The government held a referendum on the new constitution.
El gobierno celebró un referéndum sobre la nueva constitución.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈpriːv/

reprieve

retraso temporal / perdón de castigo
Meaning
A temporary relief or delay from something unpleasant; to postpone or cancel punishment.
Example
The prisoner was granted a last-minute reprieve from execution.
El prisionero recibió un perdón de último minuto de la ejecución.
C1 verb /rɪˈkaʊnt/

recount

relatar
Meaning
to narrate or tell the details of an event or experience
Example
She recounted her adventures during the summer trip.
Ella relató sus aventuras durante el viaje de verano.
C1 adjective /ˈrɪkɪti/

rickety

deteriorado
Meaning
Poorly made and likely to collapse; shaky.
Example
They crossed a rickety wooden bridge over the river.
Cruzaron un puente de madera deteriorado sobre el río.
C1 noun /rɪˈvɜːrʒən/

reversion

reversión
Meaning
the act of returning to a previous state or condition
Example
The new policy marked a reversion to traditional methods.
La nueva política marcó una reversión a los métodos tradicionales.
C1 verb rɪˈpel

repel

repeler
Meaning
To push away or force apart due to similar charges or properties.
Example
Protons repel each other.
Los protones se repelen entre sí.
C1 noun ˈredʒ.ɪ.strɑːr

registrar

registrador
Meaning
An official responsible for keeping records or registers.
Example
The registrar oversees all administrative tasks.
El registrador supervisa todas las tareas administrativas.
C1 verb /reɪz/

raze

demoler
Meaning
To completely destroy or demolish something, especially a building.
Example
The old factory was razed to make way for new apartments.
La vieja fábrica fue demolida para dar paso a nuevos apartamentos.
C1 adjective /ˈroʊtəri/

rotary

rotatorio
Meaning
Relating to or characterized by rotation; revolving around an axis.
Example
The machine uses a rotary engine to function efficiently.
La máquina usa un motor rotatorio para funcionar eficientemente.
C1 verb /rɪˈprɛs/

repress

reprimir
Meaning
To restrain, suppress, or keep under control, especially emotions or desires.
Example
He tried to repress his anger during the meeting.
Él intentó reprimir su ira durante la reunión.
C1 noun /rɪˈsaɪtər/

reciter

recitador
Meaning
a person who recites or repeats something aloud from memory, especially poetry, prayers, or formal texts
Example
The reciter delivered the poem with clarity and emotion.
El recitador presentó el poema con claridad y emoción.
C1 noun ˌrɛk.əˈlɛk.ʃən

Recollection

recolección
Meaning
Remembering past events or information
Example
His recollection of childhood memories was vivid.
Su recuerdo de la infancia era vívido.
C1 noun /ˈruːdɪmənt/

rudiment

rudimentos
Meaning
A basic principle, element, or fundamental part of something.
Example
He learned the rudiments of music before joining the band.
Él aprendió los rudimentos de la música antes de unirse a la banda.
C1 noun /ˈrʌp.tʃər/

Rupture

ruptura; quiebre de relaciones
Meaning
breaking or bursting apart; breakdown of relations
Example
The rupture in the pipeline caused a massive oil spill.
La ruptura en la tubería causó un gran derrame de petróleo.
C1 adjective /ˈraʊ.di/

Rowdy

ruidoso; desordenado; alborotador
Meaning
disorderly; unruly; noisy and disruptive
Example
The rowdy children were making too much noise.
Los niños ruidosos estaban haciendo demasiado ruido.
C1 noun /rɪˌdʒuːvəˈneɪʃən/

rejuvenation

rejuvenecimiento
Meaning
The process of restoring something to a former better state, especially referring to renewing soil fertility or revitalizing agricultural land through various restoration practices.
Example
Rejuvenation of soil is necessary for sustainable agriculture.
El rejuvenecimiento del suelo es necesario para la agricultura sostenible.
C1 verb /rɪˈnaʊns/

renounce

renunciar
Meaning
to formally declare rejection of something, such as a claim, belief, or way of life
Example
She renounced her citizenship to move abroad permanently.
Ella renunció a su ciudadanía para mudarse al extranjero permanentemente.
C1 noun /rɪˈliːf treɪn/

Relief Train

tren de alivio
Meaning
a train that carries emergency supplies and aid to disaster-affected areas
Example
The relief train arrived with food and medical supplies for the flood victims.
el tren de alivio llegó con alimentos y suministros médicos para las víctimas de la inundación.
C1 noun /riːk/

Reek

oler mal; dar una fuerte impresión de algo desagradable o no deseado
Meaning
to have a very unpleasant smell; to give a strong impression of something unpleasant or undesirable
Example
The garbage can reeks of rotten food.
El cubo de basura huele a comida podrida.
C1 noun /rɪˈdʒɪdəti/

Rigidity

rigidez
Meaning
inability to bend or be forced out of shape; unwillingness to change or compromise
Example
The rigidity of the old system prevented any innovation.
La rigidez del antiguo sistema impidió cualquier innovación.
C1 verb /rɪˈsɜːrdʒ/

resurge

resurgir
Meaning
To rise, increase, or become active again after a decline.
Example
Interest in traditional crafts has begun to resurge.
El interés en las artesanías tradicionales ha comenzado a resurgir.
C1 noun /ˌræm.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

ramification

consecuencia
Meaning
a consequence of an action or event, often complex or unwelcome.
Example
The new law has serious social ramifications.
La nueva ley tiene graves consecuencias sociales.
C1 noun /ˈrɛvərəns/

reverence

reverencia
Meaning
deep respect for someone or something
Example
The students showed reverence to their teacher.
Los estudiantes mostraron reverencia hacia su maestro.
C1 noun /rɪdʒ/

ridge

cima o cresta de una montaña
Meaning
a long, narrow hilltop, mountain range, or raised strip
Example
We walked along the mountain ridge.
Caminamos a lo largo de la cresta de la montaña.
C1 adjective /ˈruːfəl/

rueful

lamentoso
Meaning
Expressing sorrow, regret, or pity.
Example
He gave a rueful smile after losing the match.
Él dio una sonrisa lamentosa después de perder el partido.
C1 adjective, noun /rɪˈsiːvəbl/

receivable

cobrable
Meaning
Money that is owed to a company and is expected to be paid.
Example
The company's receivables increased significantly this quarter.
Los cobros de la empresa aumentaron significativamente este trimestre.
C1 verb /ˈrʌsl/

rustle

crujir
Meaning
To make a soft, light sound like leaves or paper moving.
Example
The leaves rustled gently in the evening breeze.
Las hojas crujían suavemente con la brisa de la tarde.
C1 adjective /ræpt/

Rapt

absorto
Meaning
completely fascinated or absorbed by what one is seeing or hearing
Example
The children listened with rapt attention to the storyteller.
Los niños escucharon con atención absorta al cuentacuentos.
C1 verb /ˈruː.mɪ.neɪt/

ruminate

rumiar, reflexionar profundamente
Meaning
to think deeply about something; to chew cud (for animals)
Example
She sat alone to ruminate on her decision.
Ella se sentó sola a rumiar sobre su decisión.
C1 noun /ˌrɛpəˈreɪʃən/

reparation

reparación
Meaning
the making of amends for a wrong done by paying money or helping those who were wronged
Example
The government offered reparations to the victims of the conflict.
El gobierno ofreció reparaciones a las víctimas del conflicto.
C1 adjective /ˈræɡ.ɪd/

Ragged

desgarrado; roto; raído
Meaning
torn; tattered; frayed; shabby
Example
The homeless man wore ragged clothes.
El hombre sin hogar llevaba ropa desgarrada.
C1 noun /ˈrɒstrəm/

rostrum

estrado
Meaning
A raised platform for speakers, performers, or leaders.
Example
The politician delivered a speech from the rostrum.
El político dio un discurso desde el estrado.
C1 noun /ræˈpɔːr/

rapport

relación
Meaning
A close and harmonious relationship in which the people or groups concerned understand each other's feelings or ideas.
Example
The teacher built a strong rapport with her students.
La maestra construyó un fuerte rapport con sus estudiantes.
C1 adjective /ˈrʌɡ.ɪd/

Rugged

áspero y desigual; con superficie irregular; fuerte y resistente
Meaning
rough and uneven; having a rough irregular surface; tough and strong
Example
The hikers crossed the rugged mountain terrain.
Los excursionistas cruzaron el terreno accidentado de la montaña.
C1 noun /rɪˈmɔːrs/

Remorse

remordimiento
Meaning
deep regret or guilt for a wrong committed; bitter regret for something done
Example
He felt deep remorse for his actions.
Él sintió un profundo remordimiento por sus acciones.
C1 noun /rɪˈnaʊn/

Renown

renombre; fama
Meaning
the condition of being known or talked about by many people; fame
Example
The scientist achieved international renown for her discoveries.
La científica alcanzó renombre internacional por sus descubrimientos.
C1 noun /rɪˈsaɪtl/

recital

recital
Meaning
A performance of music, dance, or poetry, usually by a soloist.
Example
She gave a piano recital at the concert hall.
Ella dio un recital de piano en la sala de conciertos.
C1 noun /ˈroʊdənt/

rodent

roedor
Meaning
a small mammal such as a mouse, rat, or squirrel, characterized by constantly growing incisors
Example
The farmer set traps to catch the rodents in his barn.
El granjero puso trampas para atrapar los roedores en su granero.
C1 verb /ˌriːəˈdʒʌst/

readjust

reajustar
Meaning
To change or move something again in order to achieve a better fit, condition, or balance.
Example
He readjusted the chair to make it more comfortable.
Él reajustó la silla para que fuera más cómoda.
C1 verb /ˌriːˈmɒdəl/

remodel

remodelar
Meaning
To change the structure or form of something, especially a building.
Example
They decided to remodel their kitchen last summer.
Ellos decidieron remodelar su cocina el verano pasado.
C1 noun /ˌriːhəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən/

rehabilitation

felicidad
Meaning
the process of restoring someone or something to health or normal life through training or therapy
Example
After the accident, he went through months of rehabilitation to walk again.
Ella no pudo esconder su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 verb rɪˈplɛn.ɪʃ

replenish

reponer
Meaning
Fill something up again.
Example
Drinking water helps replenish lost fluids in the body.
Beber agua ayuda a reponer los líquidos perdidos en el cuerpo.
C1 noun /rɪˈkluːs/

recluse

recluso
Meaning
A person who lives alone and avoids other people; someone who lives a solitary life.
Example
The old man lived as a recluse in the mountains.
El anciano vivió como un recluso en las montañas.
C1 noun/verb /ˈræfəl/

raffle

venta de boletos de lotería
Meaning
A means of raising money by selling numbered tickets, one or more of which are drawn at random for a prize; to sell something in such a lottery.
Example
The charity decided to raffle a bicycle to raise funds.
La caridad decidió rifar una bicicleta para recaudar fondos.
C1 adjective /ˈræmʃækəl/

ramshackle

deteriorado
Meaning
poorly built or maintained; in a state of disrepair
Example
They lived in a ramshackle old house on the edge of town.
Vivían en una casa deteriorada en el borde de la ciudad.
C1 noun /rɪˈtriː.vəl/

retrieval

recuperación
Meaning
The process of getting something back, especially from storage or memory.
Example
The brain's retrieval system helps recall past experiences.
El sistema de recuperación del cerebro ayuda a recordar experiencias pasadas.
C1 verb /rɪˈsɪprəˌkeɪt/

reciprocate

reciprocidad
Meaning
To respond to an action or gesture by making a corresponding one.
Example
She smiled at him, and he reciprocated with a warm hug.
Ella sonrió, y él reciprocó con un abrazo cálido.
C1 noun /ˈriːbeɪt/

rebate

descuento/reembolso
Meaning
a partial refund given to someone who has paid too much money for something
Example
The store offered a rebate on bulk purchases.
La tienda ofreció un descuento en compras al por mayor.
C1 noun /rɪˈmɛmbrəns/

remembrance

recuerdo
Meaning
the act of remembering or honoring someone or something
Example
A service was held in remembrance of the fallen soldiers.
Se celebró un servicio en recuerdo de los soldados caídos.
C1 noun /rəˈpɪdəti/

rapidity

rapidez
Meaning
The quality of moving or happening quickly; swiftness or speed.
Example
The rapidity of technological change is astonishing.
La rapidez del cambio tecnológico es asombroso.
C1 verb /ˈrʌf.l̩/

ruffle

desordenar, molestar
Meaning
to disturb the smoothness of something; to annoy or upset someone
Example
The wind ruffled her hair.
El viento desordenó su cabello.
C1 noun /ˈræp.tʃər/

rapture

éxtasis, rapto
Meaning
A feeling of intense joy, delight, or ecstasy.
Example
She listened to the music in rapture.
Ella escuchaba la música en éxtasis.
C1 noun /ræmˈbuːtən/

Rambutan

rambután
Meaning
a tropical fruit with red spiky skin and white translucent sweet flesh similar to litchi
Example
The rambutan looks scary with its hairy skin but tastes very sweet inside.
El rambutan se ve aterrador con su piel peluda, pero tiene un sabor muy dulce por dentro.
C1 noun /rʌk/

Ruck

empujón; multitud desordenada
Meaning
a situation where a crowd of people are pushing against each other; a disorderly crowd
Example
There was a ruck at the football match.
Hubo un empujón en el partido de fútbol.
C1 verb /ˈrʌm.ɪdʒ/

rummage

registrar desordenadamente
Meaning
to search through something in a disorderly way
Example
He rummaged through the drawer for his keys.
Él registró el cajón en busca de sus llaves.
C1 noun ˈremnənts

remnants

restos
Meaning
A small remaining quantity of something; a surviving trace.
Example
The remnants of the wall are still visible.
Los restos de la pared aún son visibles.
C1 adjective /ˈriː.fleks/

Reflex

reflejo
Meaning
an action performed without conscious thought; relating to reflection
Example
The doctor tested her reflex response by tapping her knee.
El médico probó su respuesta reflejo golpeando su rodilla.
C1 noun /rɪˈspɒnsɪvnəs/

responsiveness

sensibilidad
Meaning
The quality of reacting quickly and positively
Example
The manager appreciated her responsiveness to customer feedback.
El gerente apreció su sensibilidad ante los comentarios de los clientes.
C1 adjective /ˈrek.wɪ.zɪt/

Requisite

requisito; necesario
Meaning
made necessary by particular circumstances; required
Example
Good communication skills are requisite for this job.
Las habilidades de comunicación son requisito para este trabajo.
C1 noun /rəˈviːn/

ravine

desfiladero
Meaning
A deep, narrow valley with steep sides.
Example
The river carved a deep ravine through the mountains.
El río formó un profundo desfiladero a través de las montañas.
C1 adjective /rɪˈtæl.i.ə.tɔːr.i/

retaliatory

represaliatorio
Meaning
Taking action in response to another's action, characterized as punitive, revengeful, or counteractive.
Example
The country imposed retaliatory tariffs in response to trade sanctions.
El país impuso aranceles represaliatorios en respuesta a las sanciones comerciales.
C1 verb /ˌriːhəˈbɪlɪteɪt/

rehabilitate

rehabilitar
Meaning
to restore someone to health, normal life, or a good condition after illness, injury, or imprisonment
Example
The clinic helps rehabilitate injured athletes.
La clínica ayuda a rehabilitar a los atletas lesionados.
C1 noun /rɪˈvʌlʃən/

revulsion

repulsión
Meaning
a strong feeling of disgust or repulsion
Example
She felt revulsion at the sight of the cruel act.
Ella sintió repulsión al ver el acto cruel.
C1 adjective /ˈroʊ.ɡɪʃ/

Roguish

travieso; pícaro
Meaning
mischievous; playfully dishonest
Example
His roguish smile suggested he was up to some mischief.
Su sonrisa traviesa sugería que estaba tramando alguna travesura.
C1 noun /rɪˈflɛktər/

reflector

reflector
Meaning
A surface or device that reflects light, heat, or sound, often used to direct beams or improve visibility.
Example
The cyclist attached a red reflector to the back of his bike for safety.
El ciclista colocó un reflector rojo en la parte trasera de su bicicleta para mayor seguridad.
C1 adjective /rɪˈmoʊtɪd/

remoted

remotado
Meaning
placed at a distance; made remote
Example
The system was remoted to a secure location.
El sistema fue remotado a una ubicación segura.
C1 adjective /ˈrævənəs/

ravenous

hambriento
Meaning
Extremely hungry; famished.
Example
After the long hike, she was ravenous and ate quickly.
Después de la larga caminata, ella estaba famélica y comió rápidamente.
C1 verb /riːˈpeɪ.tri.eɪt/

repatriate

repatriar
Meaning
To return someone to their own country, often after war or imprisonment.
Example
The government worked to repatriate the refugees safely.
El gobierno trabajó para repatriar a los refugiados de manera segura.
C1 noun /rɪˌsɛptɪˈvɪti/

receptivity

receptividad
Meaning
The ability or willingness to receive something, especially signals or stimuli.
Example
Her receptivity to new ideas helped improve the project.
Su receptividad a nuevas ideas ayudó a mejorar el proyecto.
C1 verb /rɪɡ/

rig

amañar
Meaning
to manipulate or control something dishonestly; to set up equipment
Example
The election was rigged by corrupt officials.
Las elecciones fueron amañadas por funcionarios corruptos.
C1 noun /ˈreɪ.biːz/

rabies

rabia
Meaning
A viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals, usually transmitted through animal bites.
Example
The dog was vaccinated against rabies.
El perro fue vacunado contra la rabia.
C1 noun /rɪˈspɒndənt/

respondent

encuestado
Meaning
A person who replies to something, especially in a survey or legal case
Example
The survey had over 1,000 respondents.
La encuesta tuvo más de 1000 encuestados.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈproʊtʃ/

reproach

reproche / crítica
Meaning
An expression of disapproval or disappointment; to criticize someone for doing wrong.
Example
She reproached him for arriving late to the meeting.
Ella le reprochó por llegar tarde a la reunión.
C1 phrase ˈriː.dʒən.əl ˈfɔː.rəm

regional forum

foro regional
Meaning
A meeting or conference where representatives from countries or organizations in a specific geographical area discuss issues of common interest.
Example
The Regional Forum discussed deforestation impacts.
El foro regional discutió los impactos de la deforestación.
C1 noun /ˌrɛstɪˈtjuːʃən/

restitution

restitución
Meaning
The act of restoring something to its rightful owner or compensating for loss
Example
The court ordered restitution to the victims of the fraud.
El tribunal ordenó la restitución a las víctimas del fraude.
C1 verb /ˈrevəl/

revel

regocijarse
Meaning
to enjoy oneself in a lively and noisy way; to take great pleasure in
Example
They revel in their success.
Ellos se regocijan en su éxito.
C1 noun/verb /ˈrɛprɪˌmænd/

reprimand

reprensión
Meaning
A formal expression of disapproval; to scold or criticize someone officially.
Example
The teacher reprimanded the student for being late.
El maestro reprendió al estudiante por llegar tarde.
C1 noun ˌræʃ.ən.əl.ɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

rationalization

racionalización
Meaning
The practice of finding reasons for behavior or actions that are not the real reasons.
Example
His rationalization of the mistake was not convincing.
Su racionalización del error no fue convincente.
C1 noun /ˈruː.bi/

Ruby

rubí
Meaning
a precious red gemstone; a deep red variety of corundum
Example
The ruby ring was her most treasured possession.
El anillo de rubí era su posesión más preciada.
C1 adjective /rɪˈvenʒ.fəl/

Revengeful

vengativo
Meaning
seeking or desiring revenge; vindictive
Example
He became revengeful after being betrayed by his friend.
Se volvió vengativo después de ser traicionado por su amigo.
C1 adjective /ˌrɛprɪˈhɛnsəbl̩/

reprehensible

reprensible
Meaning
Deserving strong criticism or blame.
Example
His dishonest actions were truly reprehensible.
Sus acciones deshonestas fueron realmente reprensibles.
C1 adjective /rɪˈbel.jəs/

Rebellious

rebelde; desobediente; que resiste la autoridad;
Meaning
defying authority; resisting control; disobedient;
Example
The rebellious teenager refused to follow his parents' rules.
El adolescente rebelde se negó a seguir las reglas de sus padres.
C1 verb /rɪˈlɛnt/

relent

ceder, ser más suave
Meaning
to become less severe, harsh, or strict
Example
After hours of begging, she finally relented.
Después de horas de súplicas, finalmente cedió.
C1 verb /ˈrɛplɪkeɪt/

replicate

replicar
Meaning
to copy, reproduce, or duplicate something exactly
Example
The scientist tried to replicate the experiment for accuracy.
El científico intentó replicar el experimento para mayor precisión.
C1 noun /ˈrez.ɪ.dənt ˈkəʊ.ɔː.dɪ.neɪ.tər/

resident coordinator

coordinador residente
Meaning
A local administrator or official who coordinates activities in a specific region.
Example
The resident coordinator welcomed all representatives.
El coordinador residente dio la bienvenida a todos los representantes.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɛsɪv/

recessive

recesivo
Meaning
In genetics, relating to a trait that is expressed only when two copies of the gene are present.
Example
Blue eye color is often a recessive trait.
El color de ojos azules es a menudo un rasgo recesivo.
C1 adjective /ˌrɛmɪˈnɪsənt/

reminiscent

rememorativo
Meaning
Tending to remind one of something; suggestive of something in the past.
Example
The smell of rain is reminiscent of my childhood in the village.
El olor a lluvia es rememorativo de mi infancia en el pueblo.
C1 adjective /rɪˈflek.sɪv/

Reflexive

reflexivo; introspectivo
Meaning
directed back on itself; showing deep thought about oneself
Example
She became more reflexive about her behavior after the feedback.
Ella se volvió más reflexiva sobre su comportamiento después de la retroalimentación.
C1 noun /rɪˈfɜːrər/

referrer

referidor
Meaning
a person who directs someone to another person or service
Example
The referrer earned a bonus for recommending a new client.
El referidor ganó un bono por recomendar un nuevo cliente.
C1 noun /ˌrɛfjʊˈteɪʃən/

refutation

refutación
Meaning
The act of proving a statement or argument to be false or incorrect.
Example
Her essay was a strong refutation of the opposing theory.
Su ensayo fue una fuerte refutación de la teoría opuesta.
C1 noun /ˈreɪ.vən/

Raven

cuervo
Meaning
a large, black bird with a thick bill and harsh croaking voice
Example
The raven perched on the old oak tree and cawed loudly.
El cuervo se posó en el viejo roble y graznó fuerte.
C1 noun rɪˈfaɪnmənt

refinement

refinamiento
Meaning
The process of removing impurities or unwanted elements from a substance.
Example
His manners showed a refinement that made him stand out in any crowd.
Sus modales mostraron un refinamiento que lo hizo destacar en cualquier multitud.
C1 noun /riˈæktənt/

reactant

reactante
Meaning
A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a chemical reaction.
Example
Oxygen is a reactant in the process of combustion.
El oxígeno es un reactante en el proceso de combustión.
C1 adjective /riˈækʃəˌneri/

reactionary

reaccionario
Meaning
Opposing political or social progress or reform; extremely conservative.
Example
The group took a reactionary stance against the new policies.
El grupo adoptó una postura reaccionaria contra las nuevas políticas.
C1 noun rɪˈdɛmpʃən

redemption

redención
Meaning
The action of saving or being saved from sin, error, or evil.
Example
The story highlights the theme of redemption.
La historia destaca el tema de la redención.
C1 verb /ˌriːˈvæmp/

revamp

rehacer
Meaning
To give a new and improved form, structure, or appearance to something.
Example
The company decided to revamp its website for a modern look.
La empresa decidió renovar su sitio web para darle un aspecto moderno.
C1 verb /ˈræʃənaɪz/

rationlize

racionalizar
Meaning
to justify or explain something with logical reasons, even if not appropriate or true
Example
He tried to rationlize his mistake by blaming the system.
Él trató de racionalizar su error culpando al sistema.
C1 verb /ˈrɛzəneɪt/

resonate

resonar
Meaning
To produce or be filled with a deep, full, and reverberating sound; to evoke a feeling or memory.
Example
Her words resonated with the audience.
Sus palabras resonaron con la audiencia.
C1 noun /ˈrɛspɪt/

respite

respiro
Meaning
A short period of rest or relief from something difficult or unpleasant.
Example
The weekend provided a welcome respite from work.
El fin de semana proporcionó un respiro bienvenido del trabajo.
C1 verb /rɪˈtɔːrt/

retort

respuesta rápida
Meaning
To reply quickly or sharply, often in a witty or angry manner.
Example
He quickly retorted that he was not to blame.
Él rápidamente respondió que no era su culpa.
C1 adjective /raɪf/

rife

generalizado
Meaning
widespread or common, often in a negative sense
Example
Corruption was rife in the old government system.
La corrupción era generalizada en el antiguo sistema gubernamental.
C1 noun /ˈraɪtʃəsnəs/

righteousness

justicia
Meaning
the quality of being morally right or justifiable
Example
His life was dedicated to righteousness and truth.
Su vida estuvo dedicada a la justicia y la verdad.
C1 noun ˌriːˈstrʌk.tʃər.ɪŋ

restructuring

reestructuración
Meaning
The action of organizing something differently.
Example
The company underwent restructuring to improve efficiency.
La compañía pasó por un proceso de reestructuración para mejorar la eficiencia.
C1 noun /ˌrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

Ratification

ratificación
Meaning
the action of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement
Example
The treaty required ratification by both countries' parliaments.
El tratado requirió ratificación por los parlamentos de ambos países.
C1 noun /rɔ ˈtɜrmərɪk/

Raw Turmeric

cúrcuma cruda
Meaning
fresh unprocessed root of the turmeric plant used as a spice and medicine
Example
Grate raw turmeric into the curry for authentic flavor.
Ralla la cúrcuma cruda en el curry para un sabor auténtico.
C1 adjective /rɪˈvoʊltɪŋ/

revolting

repugnante
Meaning
extremely unpleasant or disgusting
Example
The smell of the garbage was revolting.
El olor de la basura era repugnante.
C1 noun /ˈrɪpəl/

Ripple

onda
Meaning
a small wave on the surface of water; a spreading effect or influence
Example
The stone created ripples across the calm pond.
La piedra creó ondas en el tranquilo estanque.
C1 adjective /rɪˈdʌn.dənt/

redundant

innecesario
Meaning
Not or no longer needed or useful; superfluous.
Example
The report contained redundant information.
El informe contenía información innecesaria.
C1 verb /rɪˈzaʊnd/

resound

resonar
Meaning
To fill a place with sound; to be celebrated or talked about widely.
Example
The hall resounded with applause.
El salón resonó con aplausos.