pugnacity
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C2 noun /pʌɡˈnæsɪti/

pugnacity

pugnacidad
Meaning
A natural disposition to be combative or aggressive.
Example
The coach admired the player's pugnacity on the field.
El entrenador admiraba la pugnacidad del jugador en el campo.
C2 noun /ˈpɒlɪti/

polity

política, sistema de gobierno
Meaning
an organized society or form of government
Example
The ancient Greek polity had a system of city-states.
La antigua política griega tenía un sistema de ciudades-estado.
C2 adjective /ˌpɛrɪpəˈtɛtɪk/

peripatetic

nómada
Meaning
Traveling from place to place, especially for work or based on lifestyle.
Example
He led a peripatetic life as a traveling teacher.
Llevaba una vida nómada como profesor itinerante.
C2 noun /ˈpɛstɪləns/

pestilence

peste
Meaning
A deadly or virulent epidemic disease that spreads rapidly.
Example
The medieval city was devastated by a pestilence.
La ciudad medieval fue devastada por una peste.
C2 noun ˌpɜː.pɪˈtʃuː.ɪ.ti

perpetuity

perpetuidad, eternidad, continuidad
Meaning
Permanence, eternity, continuity.
Example
The contract ensures payments in perpetuity.
El contrato asegura pagos en perpetuidad.
C2 verb /ˌpriːɔːrˈdeɪn/

preordain

preordinar
Meaning
To decide or determine an outcome in advance, especially by fate or divine will.
Example
They believed their meeting was preordained by destiny.
Ellos creían que su encuentro estaba predestinado por el destino.
C2 noun /fɪˈlæt.əl.ɪst/

philatelist

coleccionista de sellos
Meaning
a person who collects or studies postage stamps
Example
The philatelist spent years building a rare stamp collection.
El filatelista pasó años construyendo una rara colección de sellos.
C2 noun /ˈpɜːrtnəs/

pertness

descaro
Meaning
boldness or forwardness in speech or behavior; sauciness
Example
Her pertness during the meeting surprised everyone.
Su descaro durante la reunión sorprendió a todos.
C2 adjective /ˌprɒfɪˈlæktɪk/

prophylactic

profiláctico
Meaning
intended to prevent disease or an unwanted outcome; protective
Example
The doctor prescribed a prophylactic treatment to prevent infection.
El doctor recetó un tratamiento profiláctico para prevenir la infección.
C2 adjective /ˈpjuːɪsənt/

puissant

poderoso
Meaning
having great power or influence; mighty
Example
The king was a puissant ruler whose word was law.
El rey era un gobernante poderoso cuya palabra era ley.
C2 adverb /ˈprɒksɪmətli/

proximately

cerca
Meaning
In a near or close manner; nearly.
Example
The village lies proximately to the river.
El pueblo está cerca del río.
C2 noun /ˌsuːdəʊəˈpɒsəl/

pseudapostle

falso apóstol
Meaning
a false or pretended apostle
Example
The preacher was condemned as a pseudapostle.
El predicador fue condenado como un falso apóstol.
C2 noun /ˈpæsɪt/

Passet

requesón
Meaning
Fresh cheese curds; cottage cheese made from curdled milk
Example
The cook prepared fresh passet by curdling warm milk with lemon juice.
El cocinero preparó requesón fresco cuajando leche tibia con jugo de limón.
C2 verb /ˈpjuːtrɪfaɪ/

putrefy

descomponer
Meaning
to decay or rot, producing a foul smell
Example
The meat began to putrefy in the heat.
La carne comenzó a descomponerse con el calor.
C2 noun /ˈpjuːɪsəns/

puissance

potencia
Meaning
Great power, strength, or influence.
Example
The empire showed its puissance through vast armies.
El imperio mostró su potencia a través de vastos ejércitos.
C2 noun /ˌfoʊ.nəˈlɑː.dʒi/

phonology

fonología
Meaning
the study of the sound system of a language
Example
She is studying phonology to understand how sounds function in English.
Ella está estudiando fonología para entender cómo funcionan los sonidos en inglés.
C2 adjective /ˌprɛsɪˈdɛnʃəl/

precedential

precedente
Meaning
Relating to, or serving as, a precedent; having authority as an example.
Example
The court’s decision has precedential value.
La decisión del tribunal tiene un valor precedencial.
C2 noun /ˈpɑːdreɪ/

padre

padre
Meaning
A title for a priest, especially in the Roman Catholic Church; also used informally for 'father'.
Example
The soldiers attended mass led by the padre.
Los soldados asistieron a la misa presidida por el padre.
C2 adjective /ˌpaɪroʊˈtɛknɪk/

pyrotechnic

piromáquina
Meaning
Relating to fireworks or spectacular displays involving fire.
Example
The city celebrated with a grand pyrotechnic display on New Year's Eve.
La ciudad celebró con un gran espectáculo pirotécnico en la víspera de Año Nuevo.
C2 noun /pəˈnʌmbrə/

penumbra

sombra parcial
Meaning
a partially shaded area around the shadow of an object, especially during an eclipse
Example
The moon’s penumbra created a dim shadow over the Earth.
La penumbra de la luna creó una sombra tenue sobre la Tierra.
C2 verb /priːˈfɪɡjər/

prefigure

prefigurar
Meaning
to represent, show, or foreshadow something in advance
Example
The economic reforms prefigure major social changes.
Las reformas económicas prefiguran grandes cambios sociales.
C2 verb /fɪˈlɒs.ə.faɪz/

philosophize

filosofar
Meaning
to think or talk about the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence
Example
He likes to philosophize about life and its meaning.
A él le gusta filosofar sobre la vida y su significado.
C2 adjective /ˈpɜːrviəs/

pervious

permeable
Meaning
Allowing water, air, or other substances to pass through; permeable.
Example
The soil here is pervious to rainwater.
El suelo aquí es permeable al agua de lluvia.
C2 noun /ˈpɛdɪmənt/

pediment

frontón triangular
Meaning
a triangular gable found above the horizontal structure of a building, often in classical architecture
Example
The ancient temple had a pediment decorated with sculptures.
El antiguo templo tenía un frontón decorado con esculturas.
C2 adjective /ˈpeɪli/

paly

rayado
Meaning
striped with different colors, usually used in heraldry
Example
The knight’s shield was decorated with paly stripes of red and gold.
El escudo del caballero estaba decorado con rayas rayadas de rojo y oro.
C2 adjective /ˈprʊəriənt/

prurient

lascivo
Meaning
having or showing an excessive interest in sexual matters
Example
The magazine was criticized for its prurient content.
La revista fue criticada por su contenido lascivo.
C2 noun /ˈpɛnjʊri/

penury

pobreza extrema
Meaning
extreme poverty or destitution
Example
He grew up in penury but became successful later in life.
Él creció en la penuria, pero se hizo exitoso más tarde en la vida.
C2 noun /ˌpɜːrspɪˈkjuːəti/

perspicuity

claridad
Meaning
Clarity and ease in speech or writing; the quality of being clearly expressed.
Example
The perspicuity of his lecture made it easy for students to understand complex topics.
La claridad de su conferencia hizo que fuera fácil para los estudiantes entender temas complejos.
C2 noun/adjective /prɪˈsɪpɪtənt/

precipitant

precipitado
Meaning
As a noun: a substance that causes a substance to be deposited from a solution; as an adjective: acting hastily or impulsively.
Example
The chemist added a precipitant to the solution to observe the reaction.
El químico añadió un precipitado a la solución para observar la reacción.
C2 noun /ˈfoʊ.nə.ɡræm/

phonogram

grafema fonético
Meaning
a written symbol representing a speech sound
Example
The teacher showed how each phonogram represents a particular sound.
El maestro mostró cómo cada fonograma representa un sonido particular.
C2 adjective /ˈplændʒənt/

plangent

sonido triste o resonante
Meaning
having a loud, mournful sound; resonant
Example
The plangent toll of the church bell echoed through the village.
El tañido triste de la campana de la iglesia resonó por el pueblo.
C2 noun /ˈfaɪəl/

phial

frasco pequeño
Meaning
a small glass container for liquids, especially medicines
Example
The doctor gave her a phial of medicine.
El doctor le dio un frasco de medicina.
C2 adjective /ˌpɜːrtɪˈneɪʃəs/

pertinacious

tenaz
Meaning
holding firmly to an opinion, purpose, or course of action; stubbornly persistent
Example
The pertinacious lawyer refused to give up the case.
El abogado tenaz se negó a abandonar el caso.
C2 noun /ˈpɒliˌkreɪsi/

polycracy

policracia
Meaning
rule by many; government by multiple authorities
Example
The nation experienced a polycracy after decentralization reforms.
La nación experimentó una policracia después de las reformas de descentralización.
C2 noun /ˌpætrəˈnɪmɪk/

patronymic

patronímico
Meaning
a name derived from the name of a father or ancestor
Example
In many cultures, surnames are patronymic in origin.
En muchas culturas, los apellidos son patronímicos en origen.
C2 adjective /ˌpɛnɪˈtɛnʃəl/

penitential

penitente
Meaning
Relating to or expressing penitence or penance.
Example
The priest delivered a penitential sermon on forgiveness.
El sacerdote dio un sermón penitente sobre el perdón.
C2 adjective /ˌpriːtərˈnætʃərəl/

preternatural

sobrenatural
Meaning
Beyond what is normal or natural; extraordinary or supernatural.
Example
She had a preternatural ability to remain calm in any crisis.
Ella tenía una habilidad preternatural para mantenerse tranquila en cualquier crisis.
C2 noun /priːˈɛmɪnəns/

preeminence

preeminencia
Meaning
The fact of surpassing all others; superiority.
Example
The university has gained preeminence in medical research.
La universidad ha ganado preeminencia en la investigación médica.
C2 noun /pəˈtruːn/

poltroon

cobarde
Meaning
a cowardly person
Example
He acted like a poltroon during the crisis.
Actuó como un cobarde durante la crisis.
C2 verb /pərˈveɪ/

purvey

suministrar
Meaning
to supply or provide goods, services, or information, often as a business
Example
The company purveys organic food to health-conscious customers.
La empresa suministra alimentos orgánicos a los clientes conscientes de la salud.
C2 noun /fɪˈlæt.əl.i/

philately

filatelia
Meaning
the collection and study of postage stamps
Example
Philately is a hobby enjoyed by people of all ages.
La filatelia es un pasatiempo que disfrutan personas de todas las edades.
C2 noun /pəˈlɛmɪks/

polemics

polemica
Meaning
the art or practice of engaging in controversial debate or dispute
Example
The conference was full of polemics on economic reforms.
La conferencia estuvo llena de polémicas sobre las reformas económicas.
C2 noun /ˌfoʊˈtɑːmɪtər/

photometer

fotómetro
Meaning
an instrument for measuring the intensity of light
Example
The scientist used a photometer to measure the light in the laboratory.
El científico usó un fotómetro para medir la luz en el laboratorio.
C2 noun /ˈprɑːflɪɡəsi/

profligacy

derroche
Meaning
reckless wastefulness or extravagance
Example
His profligacy with money led him to bankruptcy.
Su derroche de dinero lo llevó a la bancarrota.
C2 verb /ˈpɔːltər/

palter

hablar de manera vaga, engañar
Meaning
to act insincerely or deceitfully; to equivocate or lie
Example
He paltered when asked about his involvement in the deal.
Él evadió cuando le preguntaron sobre su participación en el trato.
C2 noun /ˈpɑr.bəl/

Parbal

calabaza puntiaguda
Meaning
A green vegetable also known as pointed gourd, commonly used in South Asian cuisine
Example
Mother prepared parbal curry with fish.
Madre preparó curry de calabaza puntiaguda con pescado.
C2 adverb /pəˈfɔːs/

perforce

inevitable
Meaning
by necessity; inevitably
Example
He had to perforce accept the decision.
Tuvo que aceptar la decisión inevitablemente.
C2 adjective /ˈpɑːmi/

palmy

próspero / glorioso
Meaning
prosperous, flourishing, or relating to palm trees
Example
He often reminisced about the palmy days of his youth.
A menudo recordaba los días prósperos de su juventud.
C2 adjective /prɪˈmɒnɪtəri/ or /ˌpriːməˈnɪtəri/

premonitory

premonitorio
Meaning
giving a warning or prediction about something, especially something unpleasant
Example
He ignored the premonitory signs of illness.
Él ignoró los signos premonitorios de enfermedad.
C2 noun /ˈpɛd.ən.tri/

pedantry

excesiva preocupación por los detalles o reglas menores
Meaning
Excessive concern with minor details or rules.
Example
His pedantry made the meeting unnecessarily long.
Su pedantería hizo que la reunión fuera innecesariamente larga.
C2 adjective /prɪˈzʌmptɪv/

presumptive

presunto
Meaning
Based on probability or assumption rather than proof.
Example
She is the presumptive nominee for the party.
Ella es la nominada presunta para el partido.
C2 noun /ˈpɔːpərɪzəm/

pauperism

paupérisme
Meaning
The state of being extremely poor.
Example
The country struggled with rising pauperism in the 19th century.
El país luchó contra el pauperismo creciente en el siglo XIX.
C2 adjective /ˌpɛstɪˈlɛnʃəl/

pestilential

pestilente
Meaning
Relating to or causing pestilence; very harmful, troublesome, or dangerous.
Example
The pestilential smell of the garbage filled the street.
El pestilente olor de la basura llenó la calle.
C2 noun /ˈfærɪsiː/

pharisee

persona hipócrita
Meaning
A member of an ancient Jewish sect; by extension, a self-righteous or hypocritical person.
Example
He acted like a pharisee, judging others while ignoring his own faults.
Él actuó como un fariseo, juzgando a los demás mientras ignoraba sus propios errores.
C2 noun prɒkˈsiː.mɪks

proxemics

el estudio del uso del espacio personal
Meaning
The study of how people use space and distance to indicate relationships
Example
Understanding proxemics helps in improving interpersonal communication.
Entender la proxémica ayuda a mejorar la comunicación interpersonal.
C2 adjective /ˈprɛʃənt/ or /ˈpriːʃənt/

prescient

presciente
Meaning
having or showing knowledge of events before they take place
Example
The prescient investor sold his shares just before the market crashed.
El inversor presciente vendió sus acciones justo antes de que el mercado colapsara.
C2 noun /poʊˈzɜːr/

poseur

farsante
Meaning
A person who pretends to be something they are not, often to impress others.
Example
Many considered him a poseur because he exaggerated his accomplishments.
Muchos lo consideraban un farsante porque exageraba sus logros.
C2 adjective /ˈpɪrɪk/

pyrrhic

victoria pírrica
Meaning
A victory won at such a great cost that it is almost equivalent to defeat.
Example
The general declared the battle a pyrrhic victory due to heavy losses.
El general declaró la batalla una victoria pírrica debido a las grandes pérdidas.
C2 noun /prɪˈfɜːrmənt/

preferment

ascenso
Meaning
promotion or advancement in rank, position, or office
Example
He hoped for preferment in the government office.
Él esperaba un ascenso en la oficina del gobierno.
C2 noun /foʊˈtɑːmɪtri/

photometry

ciencia de medición de luz
Meaning
the science of measuring visible light in terms of its perceived brightness to human eyes
Example
Photometry helps in designing efficient lighting systems.
La fotometría ayuda en el diseño de sistemas de iluminación eficientes.
C2 adjective /ˈpɑːrtəbl/

partible

divisible
Meaning
capable of being divided or separated
Example
The estate was partible among the heirs.
La propiedad era divisible entre los herederos.
C2 verb /ˈpɛkjʊˌleɪt/

peculate

malversar
Meaning
To embezzle or steal money, especially public funds.
Example
The corrupt official was found guilty of peculating government funds.
El funcionario corrupto fue hallado culpable de malversar fondos públicos.
C2 verb /ˈpɛtɪˌfɒɡ/

pettifog

discutir sobre trivialidades
Meaning
to argue or quibble over trivial matters; to engage in petty, dishonest practices
Example
The lawyer was accused of trying to pettifog instead of addressing the real issue.
Se acusó al abogado de tratar de discutir sobre temas triviales en lugar de abordar el verdadero problema.
C2 noun /ˈpʌndʒənsi/

pungency

picante
Meaning
The quality of having a strong, sharp taste or smell.
Example
The pungency of garlic filled the kitchen.
La pungencia del ajo llenó la cocina.
C2 noun /ˌpæliˈeɪʃən/

palliation

alivio
Meaning
relief of symptoms without curing the underlying disease or problem
Example
Palliation is often the focus of care for terminally ill patients.
El alivio suele ser el enfoque principal del cuidado para los pacientes terminales.
C2 verb /ˈpælpɪˌteɪt/

palpitate

latir rápidamente
Meaning
to beat rapidly and strongly, often because of fear, excitement, or illness
Example
Her heart began to palpitate with fear.
Su corazón comenzó a palpitar de miedo.
C2 noun /paɪər/

pyre

pira
Meaning
A heap of combustible material, especially one used for burning a corpse as part of a funeral ceremony.
Example
The villagers built a pyre to honor the deceased.
Los aldeanos construyeron una pira para honrar al difunto.
C2 adjective /pəˈluːsɪd/

pellucid

transparente
Meaning
Transparently clear; easy to understand.
Example
The lake water was so pellucid that you could see the stones at the bottom.
El agua del lago estaba tan transparente que podías ver las piedras en el fondo.
C2 noun /ˈpæn.θi.ɪ.zəm/

pantheism

panteísmo
Meaning
The belief that God and the universe are identical, or that everything is a manifestation of God.
Example
Spinoza’s philosophy is often associated with pantheism.
La filosofía de Spinoza a menudo se asocia con el panteísmo.
C2 verb /ˈprɒsəˌlaɪtaɪz/

proselytize

intentar convertir
Meaning
To try to persuade someone to convert to a different belief or religion.
Example
They tried to proselytize the villagers with their new ideas.
Ellos intentaron prosélitizar a los aldeanos con sus nuevas ideas.
C2 noun /ˈpjuː.pɪ.lɪdʒ/

pupilage

estado de pupilo
Meaning
The state of being a pupil or under instruction.
Example
During his pupilage, he studied law under a senior barrister.
Durante su pupilaje, estudió derecho bajo un barrister senior.
C2 adjective /ˈprɑːflɪɡət/

profligate

despilfarrador
Meaning
recklessly extravagant or wasteful in resources
Example
The king was known for his profligate lifestyle.
El rey era conocido por su estilo de vida despilfarrador.
C2 noun /prɪˈhɛnʃən/

prehension

acción de agarrar; la capacidad de sujetar algo
Meaning
the act of grasping or seizing; the ability to take hold of something
Example
Therapists assessed the patient's prehension during hand therapy.
Los terapeutas evaluaron la prehensión del paciente durante la terapia de manos.
C2 verb /ˈpɒntɪfɪkeɪt/

pontificate

hablar o actuar de manera pomposa o dogmática; oficiar como un pontífice
Meaning
to speak or act in a pompous or dogmatic way; to officiate as a pontiff
Example
He pontificated on the importance of education for over an hour.
Él pontificó durante más de una hora sobre la importancia de la educación.
C2 noun /ˈfeɪlæŋks/

phalanx

falange
Meaning
A group of people or things arranged in a compact, close formation; also an ancient Greek military formation.
Example
A phalanx of reporters waited outside the courthouse.
Un grupo de reporteros esperaba afuera del tribunal.
C2 noun /ˈpɜːrsənɪdʒ/

personage

persona importante
Meaning
an important or famous person
Example
He is considered a great personage in the world of literature.
Se le considera una gran persona en el mundo de la literatura.
C2 adverb /ˌpɛlˈmɛl/

pell-mell

de manera desordenada
Meaning
In a confused, rushed, or disorderly manner.
Example
The children ran pell-mell through the playground.
Los niños corrieron de manera desordenada por el patio de recreo.
C2 noun/verb /ˈpɪləri/

pillory

dispositivo de castigo público
Meaning
a device for publicly punishing someone / to expose to public ridicule
Example
The corrupt official was placed in the pillory for the town to jeer at.
El funcionario corrupto fue puesto en el píloris para que la gente se burlara de él.
C2 noun /ˈfɪl.ə.dʒɪ.nɪst/

philogynist

persona que ama o admira a las mujeres
Meaning
a person who loves or admires women
Example
As a known philogynist, he advocated for women's education.
Como un conocido filoginista, él defendió la educación de las mujeres.
C2 adjective /pəˈnjʊəriəs/

penurious

extremadamente pobre
Meaning
extremely poor; poverty-stricken; miserly
Example
The penurious family struggled to buy food.
La familia extremadamente pobre luchaba por comprar comida.
C2 noun /prɪˈsɛntɪmənt/

presentiment

presentimiento
Meaning
An intuitive feeling about the future, especially of something bad about to happen.
Example
He had a strong presentiment that the plan would fail.
Tenía un fuerte presentimiento de que el plan fracasaría.
C2 adjective /ˈpɛnɪtrəbl/

penetrable

penetrable
Meaning
Capable of being passed through or entered.
Example
The thin wall was easily penetrable.
La delgada pared era fácilmente penetrable.
C2 adjective /ˈpʌdʒi/

pudgy

relleno
Meaning
slightly fat or chubby in a way that is often cute
Example
The baby had pudgy cheeks that everyone adored.
El bebé tenía mejillas rellenas que todos adoraban.
C2 adjective ˌpɜː.spɪˈkeɪ.ʃəs

perspicacious

perspicaz
Meaning
Having keen insight and understanding; showing acute mental discernment.
Example
The detective's perspicacious nature helped solve the mystery.
La naturaleza perspicaz del detective ayudó a resolver el misterio.
C2 adjective /prɪˈhɛnsaɪl/

prehensile

prensil
Meaning
adapted for seizing or grasping, especially by wrapping around an object
Example
The monkey used its prehensile tail to hang from the branch.
El mono usó su cola prensil para colgarse de la rama.
C2 adjective /ˈpʌkɪʃ/

puckish

travieso
Meaning
playfully mischievous
Example
The child gave a puckish grin before hiding the toy.
El niño dio una sonrisa traviesa antes de esconder el juguete.
C2 noun /ˌpærəˈɡɔːrɪk/

paregoric

medicina que contiene opio
Meaning
a medicine containing opium, once used to relieve pain and diarrhea
Example
Doctors once prescribed paregoric to treat diarrhea in children.
Los doctores antes recetaban paregórico para tratar la diarrea en los niños.
C2 noun /ˈpɒsi/

posse

pandilla / grupo de amigos
Meaning
A group of people, often friends or a group organized to support or enforce the law.
Example
He arrived at the party with his posse of friends.
Llegó a la fiesta con su pandilla de amigos.
C2 noun /pʌntʃ ˈfoʊrən/

Panch Phoron

panch phoron
Meaning
a Bengali spice blend containing five whole spices: cumin, fennel, fenugreek, nigella, and mustard seeds
Example
The aroma filled the kitchen when she heated panch phoron in oil.
El aroma llenó la cocina cuando calentó panch phoron en aceite.
C2 noun /ˈprɛlət/

prelate

miembro de alto rango del clero
Meaning
A high-ranking member of the clergy, especially a bishop or abbot.
Example
The prelate delivered a sermon to the congregation.
El prelado dio un sermón a la congregación.
C2 noun /proʊˈdʒɛnɪtər/

progenitor

antepasado
Meaning
a direct ancestor; a person or thing that originates something
Example
Researchers traced the custom back to a common progenitor.
Los investigadores rastrearon la costumbre hasta un antepasado común.
C2 noun /ˈfænˌtæzəm/

phantasm

fantasma
Meaning
an illusion, ghost, or figment of the imagination
Example
The child claimed to see a phantasm in the old house.
El niño afirmó ver un fantasma en la casa antigua.
C2 noun /ˈproʊtoʊˌmɑːrtɚ/

protomartyr

primer mártir
Meaning
The first martyr in a cause or religion, often referring to the first Christian martyr.
Example
St. Stephen is known as the protomartyr of Christianity.
San Esteban es conocido como el protomártir del cristianismo.
C2 adjective /pɪˈdʒɒrətɪv/

pejorative

despectivo
Meaning
Expressing contempt or disapproval.
Example
He used pejorative terms to insult his opponents.
Usó términos despectivos para insultar a sus oponentes.
C2 noun /ˈpɪkəloʊ/

piccolo

flauta pequeña
Meaning
a small flute, higher in pitch than the regular flute
Example
She played a lively tune on the piccolo during the concert.
Ella tocó una melodía animada en el piccolo durante el concierto.
C2 adjective /ˈpaɪbɔːld/

piebald

de dos colores manchados
Meaning
having irregular patches of two colors, especially black and white
Example
The farmer owns a piebald horse with black and white spots.
El granjero tiene un caballo piebald con manchas negras y blancas.
C2 verb /ˌpriːɪˈstæblɪʃ/

preestablish

preestablecer
Meaning
To establish or set up beforehand.
Example
Certain rules were preestablished before the meeting.
Algunas reglas fueron preestablecidas antes de la reunión.
C2 adjective /pərˈfɛktəbl/

perfectible

perfectible
Meaning
capable of being made perfect or improved
Example
Human nature is imperfect but perfectible.
La naturaleza humana es imperfecta, pero perfectible.
C2 noun /ˌfɪziˈɒnəmi/

physiognomy

estudio de las características faciales
Meaning
the study of facial features to judge character or personality
Example
He believed in physiognomy and tried to read people's personalities from their faces.
Él creía en la fisiognomía e intentaba leer las personalidades de las personas desde sus rostros.
C2 noun /ˈpɜr.kwɪ.zɪt/

Perquisite

prerrogativa
Meaning
an additional benefit or privilege given to an employee beyond their regular salary; a special right or advantage
Example
Company car was one of the perquisites of his executive position.
El coche de la empresa era una de las prerrogativas de su cargo ejecutivo.
C2 noun /ˈpær.ɪ.saɪd/

parricide

parricidio
Meaning
The act of killing one's father, mother, or other close relative.
Example
The court tried him for parricide after the tragic incident.
El tribunal lo juzgó por parricidio después del trágico incidente.
C2 adjective /ˈprəʊ.lɪks/

prolix

excesivamente largo
Meaning
using too many words; tediously lengthy
Example
The professor’s prolix lecture put many students to sleep.
La conferencia prolija del profesor hizo que muchos estudiantes se quedaran dormidos.
C2 noun /ˈpɜːrljuː/

purlieu

área periférica
Meaning
The area near or surrounding a place; an outlying or neighboring district.
Example
They spent the afternoon exploring the purlieus of the ancient city.
Pasaron la tarde explorando los purlíus de la antigua ciudad.
C2 noun /ˈprɒsədi/

prosody

prosodia
Meaning
The patterns of rhythm and sound used in poetry and speech.
Example
The professor explained how prosody affects the mood of a poem.
El profesor explicó cómo la prosodia afecta el estado de ánimo de un poema.
C2 adjective /ˈprɛfətɔːri/

prefatory

preliminar
Meaning
serving as an introduction or preface
Example
He made some prefatory remarks before the lecture began.
Hizo algunos comentarios preliminares antes de que comenzara la conferencia.
C2 noun /pɒmˈpɒsəti/

pomposity

pomposidad, arrogancia
Meaning
self-important behavior or exaggerated dignity
Example
His speech was full of pomposity and arrogance.
Su discurso estaba lleno de pomposidad y arrogancia.
C2 noun /ˈpɜːrsɪflɑːʒ/

persiflage

burlas ligeras
Meaning
light and slightly contemptuous mockery or banter
Example
Their conversation was full of persiflage and jokes.
Su conversación estaba llena de burlas ligeras y bromas.
C2 noun /ˈpæk.ɪ.dɜːrm/

pachyderm

mamífero grande con piel gruesa
Meaning
a large mammal with thick skin, such as an elephant, rhinoceros, or hippopotamus
Example
The zoo had several pachyderms, including elephants and rhinos.
El zoológico tenía varios pachidermos, incluidos elefantes y rinocerontes.
C2 noun /ˈfaɪləm/

phylum

un categoría principal en la clasificación biológica, por encima de la clase y por debajo del reino
Meaning
a primary category in the biological classification of organisms, above class and below kingdom
Example
Humans belong to the phylum Chordata.
Los humanos pertenecen al filo Chordata.
C2 noun /ˈpætwɑː/

patois

patois
Meaning
a regional or social dialect, especially one considered nonstandard or informal
Example
The guide slipped into local patois when chatting with the fishermen.
El guía empezó a hablar en el patois local mientras charlaba con los pescadores.
C2 verb /ˈprɑː.məl.ɡeɪt/

promulgate

promulgar
Meaning
To announce or make a law, decree, or idea officially known.
Example
The government promulgated new regulations on data privacy.
El gobierno promulgó nuevas regulaciones sobre privacidad de datos.
C2 noun /ˈproʊtoʊˌplæzəm/

protoplasm

protoplasma
Meaning
The living substance inside a cell, including the cytoplasm and nucleus.
Example
Scientists observed the movement of protoplasm under the microscope.
Los científicos observaron el movimiento del protoplasma bajo el microscopio.
C2 noun /praɪˈveɪʃən/

privation

privación, carencia
Meaning
A state in which things essential for human well-being such as food and warmth are lacking.
Example
The refugees suffered great privation during the harsh winter.
Los refugiados sufrieron una gran privación durante el invierno severo.
C2 noun /ˌpriːpəˈzɛʃən/

prepossession

prejuicio
Meaning
An opinion or feeling formed beforehand; a prejudice or preoccupation.
Example
His prepossession in favor of tradition made him resist change.
Su prejuicio a favor de la tradición lo hizo resistir al cambio.
C2 noun /ˈpiːən/

paean

cántico de alabanza
Meaning
A song or piece of writing expressing great praise or triumph.
Example
The article was a paean to the beauty of nature.
El artículo fue un cántico de alabanza a la belleza de la naturaleza.
C2 adjective /ˈpæsɪbəl/

passible

capaz de sentir; susceptible de sufrimiento
Meaning
capable of feeling or suffering; susceptible to sensation or emotion (often theological)
Example
In some traditions, deities are described as passible, sharing human emotions.
En algunas tradiciones, se describe a las deidades como pasibles, compartiendo emociones humanas.
C2 noun /proʊˈsiː.ni.əm/

proscenium

proscenio
Meaning
the part of a theater stage in front of the curtain; the arch framing the stage
Example
The actors bowed at the proscenium before leaving the stage.
Los actores se inclinaron ante el proscenio antes de dejar el escenario.
C2 noun prəˈklɪv.ə.ti

proclivity

propensión
Meaning
A tendency to choose or do something regularly; an inclination or predisposition toward a particular thing.
Example
She has a proclivity for learning new languages.
Ella tiene una propensión por aprender nuevos idiomas.
C2 noun /pɪθ/

pith

parte esencial, meollo
Meaning
the essential or central part of something
Example
The pith of his argument was that honesty matters most.
La parte esencial de su argumento era que la honestidad es lo más importante.
C2 adjective /ˌpɛntəˈveɪlənt/

pentavalent

pentavalente
Meaning
Having a valence of five, especially in chemistry.
Example
Phosphorus can exist in a pentavalent state.
El fósforo puede existir en un estado pentavalente.
C2 noun, adjective /pəˈtrɪʃən/

patrician

patricio
Meaning
A person of noble rank or high social standing; relating to aristocracy.
Example
The patrician families of Rome wielded great power in politics.
Las familias patricias de Roma ejercían un gran poder en la política.