prowl
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C1 verb /praʊl/

prowl

merodear (para cazar o buscar)
Meaning
To move around quietly and secretly, especially while hunting or searching.
Example
The cat prowled around the garden at night.
La gata merodeó alrededor del jardín por la noche.
C1 adjective /ˈpʌn.dʒənt/

Pungent

pungente
Meaning
sharp; strong-smelling; acrid;
Example
The pungent smell of garlic filled the kitchen.
El olor pungente del ajo llenó la cocina.
C1 noun /ˈpʌntʃ laɪn/

punch line

remate
Meaning
The final part of a joke or story that makes it funny.
Example
Everyone laughed loudly at the punch line of his joke.
Todos se rieron fuertemente con el remate de su chiste.
C1 noun /plæsˈtɪsəti/

plasticity

plasticidad, capacidad de adaptarse
Meaning
the quality of being easily shaped or molded; adaptability
Example
The brain's plasticity allows it to adapt after injury.
La plasticidad del cerebro le permite adaptarse después de una lesión.
C1 adjective /pərˈsɛptɪv/

perceptive

felicidad
Meaning
Having or showing keen insight, understanding, or awareness.
Example
She is very perceptive and quickly notices when something is wrong.
Ella no podía ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪθ.i/

pithy

conciso y significativo
Meaning
concise and meaningful; full of substance
Example
She gave a pithy comment that summarized the issue perfectly.
Ella dio un comentario conciso que resumió perfectamente el asunto.
C1 verb /pəˈruːz/

peruse

felicidad
Meaning
to read something carefully and thoroughly; sometimes used to mean to browse casually
Example
She sat down to peruse the contract before signing it.
Ella no podía ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 adjective /prəˈlɪf.ɪk/

prolific

prolífico
Meaning
Present in large numbers or quantities; plentiful; producing many works, results, or offspring.
Example
The author is prolific, having written over 30 books.
El autor es prolífico, ha escrito más de 30 libros.
C1 verb /proʊˈtrækt/

protract

prolongar
Meaning
To prolong or extend in time or duration.
Example
Negotiations were protracted for several months.
Las negociaciones fueron prolongadas durante varios meses.
C1 adverb /pɜːr ˈseɪ/

per se

por sí mismo
Meaning
By or in itself; intrinsically.
Example
The idea is not bad per se, but it needs improvement.
La idea no es mala por sí mismo, pero necesita mejora.
C1 noun /pʌnˈdʒɑː.bi/

Punjabi

punyabi
Meaning
a traditional long shirt worn in South Asia, typically loose-fitting
Example
He wore a white punjabi for the festival celebration.
Él usó un punyabi blanco para la celebración del festival.
C1 adjective /ˈpraɪ.məl/

primal

primitivo, esencial
Meaning
Relating to the earliest stage of development; essential or fundamental.
Example
Fear is one of the most primal emotions humans experience.
El miedo es una de las emociones más primarias que los humanos experimentan.
C1 noun /ˌprɑːfɪˈtɪr/

profiteer

especulador
Meaning
a person who makes excessive profits, especially unfairly or illegally
Example
The government punished war profiteers.
El gobierno castigó a los especuladores de la guerra.
C1 noun /ˈpɔɪ.nən.si/

poignancy

tristeza, congoja
Meaning
the quality of evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret; emotionally touching
Example
The poignancy of the farewell brought tears to everyone's eyes.
La tristeza de la despedida trajo lágrimas a los ojos de todos.
C1 noun /pəˈzɛsər/

possessor

poseedor
Meaning
A person who owns or holds something.
Example
The possessor of the land built a new house.
El poseedor de la tierra construyó una nueva casa.
C1 noun /ˈprɒspɛktər/

prospector

buscador de minerales
Meaning
a person who searches for mineral deposits, especially gold
Example
The prospector spent years in the mountains searching for gold.
El prospector pasó años en las montañas buscando oro.
C1 noun /ˈpreɪsiː/

precis

resumen
Meaning
A concise summary of a text or speech.
Example
The student submitted a précis of the long article.
El estudiante entregó un resumen del largo artículo.
C1 noun prəˈpʌl.ʃən

propulsion

propulsión
Meaning
The action of driving or pushing forward.
Example
Jet engines provide propulsion for aircraft to travel long distances.
Los motores a reacción proporcionan propulsión a las aeronaves para viajar largas distancias.
C1 adjective /ˈpɑːr.dən.ə.bəl/

Pardonable

perdonable
Meaning
able to be forgiven; excusable
Example
His mistake was pardonable given the difficult circumstances.
Su error era perdonable dadas las difíciles circunstancias.
C1 noun prəˈpɛn.sə.ti

propensity

propensidad o tendencia natural
Meaning
An inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way.
Example
He has a propensity for taking risks in business.
Él tiene una propensidad por asumir riesgos en los negocios.
C1 noun /ˈpæn.θi.ən/

pantheon

todos los dioses, templo dedicado a todos los dioses
Meaning
All the gods of a religion collectively; a building dedicated to all gods.
Example
The Roman Pantheon is one of the best-preserved ancient temples.
El Panteón romano es uno de los templos antiguos mejor conservados.
C1 adjective /ˈpɛnɪtənt/

penitent

arrepentido
Meaning
Feeling or showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong.
Example
She was penitent after shouting at her friend.
Ella estaba arrepentida después de gritarle a su amiga.
C1 verb /ˈpærəlaɪz/

paralyze

paralizar
Meaning
to cause someone or something to lose the ability to move or function normally
Example
The sudden shock seemed to paralyze him.
El choque repentino parecía paralizarlo.
C1 noun /pəˈsweɪsɪvnes/

persuasiveness

persuasividad
Meaning
The quality of being good at persuading someone to do or believe something.
Example
Her persuasiveness convinced the team to follow her suggestions.
Su persuasividad convenció al equipo para seguir sus sugerencias.
C1 noun /ˌpɪɡ.menˈteɪ.ʃən/

pigmentation

pigmentación
Meaning
The natural coloring of animal or plant tissue.
Example
Excessive rubbing can cause pigmentation issues.
El frotamiento excesivo puede causar problemas de pigmentación.
C1 noun, adjective /ˌproʊlɪˈtɛəriən/

proletarian

proletario
Meaning
Relating to the working class, especially those who do not own property.
Example
The movement was rooted in proletarian struggles.
El movimiento estaba arraigado en las luchas proletarias.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrkəleɪtər/

percolator

percolador de café
Meaning
A device used for brewing coffee by continually cycling boiling water through coffee grounds.
Example
She made a fresh pot of coffee using the percolator.
Hizo una taza fresca de café utilizando el percolador.
C1 noun /ˈpriːˌkɜrsər/

precursor

precursor
Meaning
Something or someone that comes before another and indicates the approach of something else.
Example
The steam engine was a precursor to modern trains.
El motor a vapor fue un precursor de los trenes modernos.
C1 adjective /praɪˈmɔːrdiəl/

primordial

primordial
Meaning
Existing at or from the beginning of time; fundamental and original.
Example
Scientists study the primordial soup from which life emerged.
Los científicos estudian la sopa primordial de la que surgió la vida.
C1 verb /ˈpɑːzɪt/

posit

postular
Meaning
To assume or suggest something as a fact or basis for reasoning.
Example
The scientist posited a new theory to explain the phenomenon.
El científico postuló una nueva teoría para explicar el fenómeno.
C1 noun /ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθɛtɪk ɪˈfɪʃənsi/

photosynthetic efficiency

eficiencia fotosintética
Meaning
The measure of how effectively plants convert light energy into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis, directly affecting plant growth and crop yield.
Example
Improving photosynthetic efficiency can increase crop yields.
Mejorar la eficiencia fotosintética puede aumentar los rendimientos de los cultivos.
C1 noun /saɪˈkoʊsɪs/

psychosis

psicosis
Meaning
A severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are impaired, leading to a loss of contact with reality.
Example
The patient was diagnosed with psychosis after experiencing hallucinations.
El paciente fue diagnosticado con psicosis después de experimentar alucinaciones.
C1 noun ˈfeɪz.aʊt

phase-out

eliminación gradual
Meaning
A gradual reduction and eventual elimination of something.
Example
A phase-out of fossil fuels was agreed upon.
Se acordó la eliminación gradual de los combustibles fósiles.
C1 noun /ˈpærəbl/

parable

parable
Meaning
A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson.
Example
Jesus often taught using a parable to convey deeper truths.
Jesús a menudo enseñaba usando una parábola para transmitir verdades más profundas.
C1 noun /ˌpɜːrspəˈreɪʃn/

perspiration

transpiración
Meaning
The process of sweating.
Example
Heavy exercise causes perspiration.
El ejercicio pesado causa transpiración.
C1 adjective /ˈper.ɪ.ləs/

perilous

peligroso, arriesgado, inseguro
Meaning
Full of danger or risk; hazardous and threatening.
Example
The explorers took a perilous journey.
Los exploradores hicieron un viaje peligroso.
C1 verb /ˌpriːdɪˈtɜːrmɪn/

predetermine

predeterminar
Meaning
to establish or decide something in advance
Example
The outcome of the match seemed predetermined.
El resultado del partido parecía predeterminado.
C1 noun /ˈpæstər/

pastor

pastor
Meaning
a minister in charge of a Christian church or congregation
Example
The pastor delivered a heartfelt sermon on compassion.
El pastor dio un sermón lleno de compasión.
C1 verb /ˈpærəfreɪz/

paraphrase

felicidad
Meaning
To express the meaning of something using different words, often to make it clearer.
Example
The teacher asked the students to paraphrase the poem in their own words.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 adjective /ˈpruː.dənt/

Prudent

prudente; cauteloso; sabio;
Meaning
wise; careful; cautious;
Example
It's prudent to save money for the future.
Es prudente ahorrar dinero para el futuro.
C1 verb /pɛk/

Peck

picar
Meaning
To strike or bite something with a beak; to eat in small bites.
Example
The hen began to peck at the grains scattered on the ground.
La gallina comenzó a picotear los granos esparcidos por el suelo.
C1 adjective /prɪˈsɪpɪtəs/

precipitous

empinado o repentino
Meaning
Extremely steep or sudden; done quickly without careful consideration.
Example
The hikers struggled to climb the precipitous slope.
Los excursionistas lucharon por subir la pendiente empinada.
C1 adjective /pərˈvɜːrs/

perverse

perverso
Meaning
showing a deliberate desire to behave in a way that is unreasonable, contrary, or unacceptable
Example
He took a perverse pleasure in upsetting his colleagues.
Él tomó un placer perverso al molestar a sus compañeros.
C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrtɪnənt/

pertinent

pertinente
Meaning
Relevant or applicable to a particular matter.
Example
She asked a pertinent question during the meeting.
Ella hizo una pregunta pertinente durante la reunión.
C1 adjective /ˈpaɪ.əs/

Pious

piadoso
Meaning
devoutly religious; showing reverence for God
Example
The pious monk spent hours in prayer every day.
El monje piadoso pasaba horas en oración cada día.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.di/

Parody

parodia
Meaning
an imitation of a particular style for comic effect; a humorous exaggerated copy
Example
The comedy show featured a parody of famous politicians.
El programa de comedia presentó una parodia de políticos famosos.
C1 adjective /prɪˈpɒstərəs/

preposterous

absurdo, ridículo
Meaning
completely ridiculous or absurd; contrary to reason or common sense
Example
The idea that pigs could fly is preposterous.
La idea de que los cerdos puedan volar es absurda.
C1 noun /poʊˈɛt.ɪks/

poetics

poética, teoría de la poesía
Meaning
the study or theory of poetry and its principles
Example
He wrote a book on poetics explaining the art of verse.
Escribió un libro sobre poética explicando el arte del verso.
C1 noun /ˈpɔː.pəs/

Porpoise

delfín
Meaning
a small toothed whale with a low triangular dorsal fin and a blunt rounded snout
Example
The porpoise jumped gracefully out of the water.
El delfín saltó grácilmente fuera del agua.
C1 noun /ˈpluː.mɪdʒ/

plumage

plumaje
Meaning
the feathers covering a bird's body
Example
The peacock's plumage was vibrant and eye-catching.
El plumaje del pavo real era vibrante y llamativo.
C1 adjective /ˌpæθəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

pathological

patológico, enfermizo
Meaning
Relating to disease; extreme or obsessive in a way that is abnormal.
Example
He has a pathological fear of failure.
Él tiene un miedo patológico al fracaso.
C1 noun,verb /pleɪt/

plait

trenza
Meaning
a braid of hair or straw; to braid
Example
She decided to plait her hair before the party.
Ella decidió trenzarse el cabello antes de la fiesta.
C1 noun /ˈpleɪˌraɪt/

playwright

dramaturgo
Meaning
a person who writes plays
Example
Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright of all time.
Shakespeare es considerado el mejor dramaturgo de todos los tiempos.
C1 noun /ˈpɒp.i siːdz/

Poppy Seeds

semillas de amapola
Meaning
tiny round seeds from the poppy plant used as a spice or garnish in cooking
Example
Poppy seeds are sprinkled on top of breads and used in Bengali curries.
Las semillas de amapola se espolvorean sobre el pan y se usan en curris bengalíes.
C1 noun /plʊəˈrælɪti/

plurality

pluralidad o mayoría
Meaning
the state of being multiple; the greater part or majority
Example
In the election, she won by a plurality of votes.
En la elección, ella ganó por una pluralidad de votos.
C1 adjective /pərˈsweɪdəbl̩/

persuadable

que se puede convencer fácilmente
Meaning
capable of being convinced or influenced to do something
Example
She was easily persuadable when it came to trying new foods.
Ella era fácilmente persuadible cuando se trataba de probar nuevos alimentos.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈprɒstreɪt/

prostrate

postrado
Meaning
lying stretched out on the ground with one's face downward, often as a sign of submission or exhaustion
Example
He lay prostrate on the ground after the long battle.
Él se tiró postrado en el suelo después de la larga batalla.
C1 noun /pərˈveɪər/

purveyor

proveedor
Meaning
a person or business that supplies goods, services, or information
Example
He is a well-known purveyor of fine wines.
Es un conocido proveedor de vinos finos.
C1 noun /ˌpɜːsəˈnælɪzeɪʃən/

personalization

personalización, adaptación
Meaning
The action of making something personal or individual; customization.
Example
Personalization in marketing improves customer engagement.
La personalización en marketing mejora la participación del cliente.
C1 adjective /ˌsaɪkoʊsəˈmætɪk/

psychosomatic

psicosomático
Meaning
Relating to a physical illness or condition caused or aggravated by mental factors such as stress.
Example
Her stomach pain was diagnosed as psychosomatic, linked to stress.
El dolor de su estómago fue diagnosticado como psicosomático, vinculado al estrés.
C1 noun /pərˈvɜːrʒən/

perversion

perversión
Meaning
The act of distorting or corrupting the original meaning, purpose, or state of something.
Example
The regime’s censorship was seen as a perversion of free speech.
La censura del régimen se consideró una perversión de la libertad de expresión.
C1 adjective /pəˈmɪs.ɪv/

permissive

permisivo
Meaning
Allowing or characterized by great or excessive freedom of behavior; very lenient or indulgent.
Example
Permissive parenting can sometimes lead to a lack of discipline in children.
La crianza permisiva a veces puede llevar a una falta de disciplina en los niños.
C1 noun ˌpriː.dɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ən

predisposition

predisposición
Meaning
A natural tendency or inclination toward a particular behavior or condition.
Example
Genetic factors can influence a person's predisposition to diseases.
Los factores genéticos pueden influir en la predisposición de una persona a las enfermedades.
C1 noun /ˈplæz.mə/

Plasma

parte líquida de la sangre; gas ionizado; suero sanguíneo sin proteínas de coagulación
Meaning
the liquid part of blood; ionized gas; blood serum without clotting proteins
Example
Blood plasma contains various proteins and nutrients.
El plasma sanguíneo contiene varias proteínas y nutrientes.
C1 verb /ˈpruːfˌriːd/

proofread

corregir
Meaning
to read written material and mark any errors
Example
She proofread the report before submission.
Ella corrigió el informe antes de la entrega.
C1 adjective /prɪˈzʌmp.tʃu.əs/

presumptuous

presuntuoso
Meaning
Overconfident, rude, or taking liberties without permission.
Example
It was presumptuous of him to make that decision without consulting others.
Fue presuntuoso de su parte tomar esa decisión sin consultar a los demás.
C1 adjective /ˌprɛfəˈrɛnʃəl/

preferential

preferencial
Meaning
showing or giving advantage to one over others
Example
Members receive preferential treatment at the club.
Los miembros reciben trato preferencial en el club.
C1 adjective /pəˈfʌŋk.tər.i/

perfunctory

superficial
Meaning
done without much effort, interest, or thought
Example
He gave a perfunctory nod and walked away.
Él hizo un gesto superficial y se alejó.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔːrəs/

porous

poroso
Meaning
Having tiny holes that allow liquid or air to pass through.
Example
The soil is very porous and drains quickly.
El suelo es muy poroso y drena rápidamente.
C1 verb /ˈpleɪdʒəraɪz/

plagiarize

plagiar
Meaning
to take someone else's work or ideas and present them as your own
Example
He was warned not to plagiarize his friend's essay.
Se le advirtió que no plagiara el ensayo de su amigo.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrpɪtreɪtər/

perpetrator

delincuente
Meaning
a person who commits a harmful, illegal, or immoral act
Example
The police arrested the perpetrator of the crime.
La policía arrestó al delincuente del crimen.
C1 verb pleɪɡd

plagued

afligido
Meaning
Troubled or afflicted persistently by problems or difficulties.
Example
People are plagued by anxiety and depression.
Las personas están afligidas por la ansiedad y la depresión.
C1 noun /ˈpɒpjʊləs/

populace

población
Meaning
the general public; the ordinary people living in a country or area
Example
The new law was welcomed by the local populace.
La nueva ley fue bienvenida por la población local.
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrpətreɪt/

perpetrate

cometer
Meaning
To commit or carry out, typically a harmful, illegal, or immoral act.
Example
The hackers perpetrated a massive cyber attack on the company.
Los hackers perpetraron un gran ataque cibernético a la empresa.
C1 noun proʊˈæktɪv ˈseɪvɪŋ

proactive saving

ahorro proactivo
Meaning
Actively planning and setting aside money in advance to prepare for future financial needs
Example
Proactive saving ensures financial stability in old age.
El ahorro proactivo asegura la estabilidad financiera en la vejez.
C1 verb /prəˈkræs.tɪ.neɪt/

procrastinate

procrastinar, posponer, dejar para después
Meaning
To delay or postpone action; to put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness.
Example
He tends to procrastinate when facing difficult tasks.
Él tiende a procrastinar cuando enfrenta tareas difíciles.
C1 verb /præns/

prance

caminar con arrogancia
Meaning
To move with high, springy steps, often to show off or attract attention.
Example
The horse pranced around the field gracefully.
El caballo caminaba orgulloso alrededor del campo.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊʃən/

potion

poción
Meaning
a liquid with healing, magical, or poisonous properties
Example
The witch gave the hero a healing potion.
La bruja le dio al héroe una poción curativa.
C1 adjective /ˈplʌk.i/

plucky

valiente
Meaning
having or showing courage and determination
Example
The plucky child rescued the kitten from the tree.
El niño valiente rescató al gatito del árbol.
C1 adjective /prəˈfɛtɪk/

prophetic

profético
Meaning
accurately predicting or describing what will happen in the future
Example
His prophetic words came true after many years.
Sus palabras proféticas se hicieron realidad después de muchos años.
C1 noun /ˈpriːsɪŋkt/

precinct

distrito
Meaning
A district or area within the boundaries of a city, often for police or electoral purposes.
Example
She went to vote at her local precinct.
Ella fue a votar en su distrito local.
C1 adjective /ˈprevələnt/

Prevalent

prevalente
Meaning
widespread; existing very commonly; generally occurring
Example
Smoking is still prevalent among teenagers despite health warnings.
Fumar sigue siendo muy común entre los adolescentes a pesar de las advertencias de salud.
C1 noun /ˈprəʊ.lɒɡ/

prologue

prólogo
Meaning
an introduction to a book, play, or event
Example
The novel begins with a short prologue set in the past.
La novela comienza con un corto prólogo establecido en el pasado.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrɡəˌtɔːri/

purgatory

un lugar o estado de sufrimiento habitado por las almas de los pecadores que expían sus pecados antes de ir al cielo
Meaning
A place or state of suffering inhabited by the souls of sinners who are expiating their sins before going to heaven; a temporary condition of torment or suffering.
Example
After the accident, the long recovery felt like a kind of purgatory.
Después del accidente, la larga recuperación se sintió como una especie de purgatorio.
C1 noun /ˈprɛsɪpɪs/

precipice

precipicio
Meaning
A very steep cliff or a situation of great danger.
Example
The hikers stood at the edge of the precipice, gazing into the valley below.
Los excursionistas estaban de pie al borde del precipicio, mirando el valle abajo.
C1 noun /ˈpɛntəɡən/

pentagon

pentágono
Meaning
A plane figure with five straight sides and five angles; also refers to the US Department of Defense building.
Example
The Pentagon is one of the most iconic government buildings in the United States.
El Pentágono es uno de los edificios gubernamentales más icónicos de los Estados Unidos.
C1 noun /pɜːrl drɒp/

Pearl drop

gota de perla
Meaning
a single pearl used as jewelry, often in earrings or pendants
Example
The elegant pearl drop earrings complemented her outfit perfectly.
Los elegantes pendientes de gota de perla complementaron su atuendo perfectamente.
C1 noun /ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm/

plagiarism

plagio
Meaning
the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own
Example
The student was expelled for committing plagiarism in his essay.
El estudiante fue expulsado por cometer plagio en su ensayo.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊlstər/

pollster

encuestador
Meaning
a person or organization that conducts surveys to gauge public opinion
Example
The pollster predicted a close election outcome.
El encuestador predijo un resultado electoral reñido.
C1 verb /prəˈkjʊər/

procure

conseguir
Meaning
to obtain something, especially with effort or difficulty
Example
They managed to procure enough supplies for the expedition.
Ellos lograron conseguir suficientes suministros para la expedición.
C1 adverb /ˈpiːs.miːl/

Piecemeal

fragmentado; en pedazos
Meaning
done or made gradually, one piece at a time; fragmentary; unsystematic
Example
The renovation was done piecemeal over several years due to budget constraints.
La renovación se hizo poco a poco durante varios años debido a las restricciones presupuestarias.
C1 adjective /ˈpoʊləraɪzd/

polarized

polarizado
Meaning
divided into two sharply contrasting groups or opinions
Example
The debate polarized the community on the issue of climate change.
El debate polarizó a la comunidad sobre el tema del cambio climático.
C1 adjective /ˈpær.ə.nɔɪd/

paranoid

tener un miedo o sospecha irracional hacia los demás
Meaning
having an unreasonable fear or suspicion of others
Example
She became paranoid after hearing strange noises outside.
Se volvió paranoica después de escuchar ruidos extraños afuera.
C1 noun /ˌprəʊˈæk.tɪv ˈliː.də.ʃɪp/

proactive leadership

liderazgo proactivo
Meaning
Leadership that takes initiative and anticipates problems before they occur, rather than reacting to events.
Example
Proactive leadership ensures timely decisions.
El liderazgo proactivo asegura decisiones oportunas.
C1 noun /ˈprɒk.tər/

proctor

examinador
Meaning
a person who supervises students during an examination
Example
The proctor reminded students to keep their phones switched off.
El proctor recordó a los estudiantes mantener sus teléfonos apagados.
C1 adjective /ˈpɒlɪtɪk/

politic

astuto, prudente
Meaning
shrewd, prudent, or tactful in practical matters
Example
It was politic of him to remain silent during the argument.
Fue astuto de su parte permanecer en silencio durante la discusión.
C1 noun/verb /pɔːr/

pore

poros / estudiar cuidadosamente
Meaning
As a noun: a tiny opening in the skin or surface. As a verb: to study something carefully.
Example
She pored over the documents for hours before making a decision.
Ella estudió los documentos durante horas antes de tomar una decisión.
C1 adjective /ˈpeɪtrənaɪzɪŋ/

patronizing

condescendiente
Meaning
showing kindness that is perceived as condescending or superior
Example
His patronizing tone offended the audience.
Su tono condescendiente ofendió al público.
C1 noun /ˈpɔːrsəlɪn/

porcelain

porcelana
Meaning
A white, hard ceramic material often used for dishes and ornaments.
Example
The museum displayed ancient porcelain vases from China.
El museo exhibió antiguos jarrones de porcelana de China.
C1 adjective /proʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/

prosaic

prosaico
Meaning
ordinary, dull, or lacking imagination
Example
The teacher’s explanation was accurate but rather prosaic.
La explicación del profesor fue precisa, pero bastante prosaica.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪər.ləs/

Peerless

incomparable; sin igual; sin rival
Meaning
unequaled; having no match or equal; without rival
Example
Her peerless beauty captivated everyone.
Su belleza incomparable cautivó a todos.
C1 verb /prɪˈkluːd/

preclude

prevenir
Meaning
To prevent something from happening; to make impossible.
Example
Heavy rain precluded the possibility of a picnic.
La lluvia intensa precluyó la posibilidad de un picnic.
C1 adjective /ˌpæn.əˈmer.ɪ.kən/

Pan-American

Panamericano
Meaning
relating to all the countries of North, Central, and South America
Example
The Pan-American Games bring together athletes from across the continent.
Los Juegos Panamericanos reúnen a atletas de todo el continente.
C1 noun /ˈpeɪ.ɡən/

Pagan

pagano
Meaning
a person holding religious beliefs other than the main world religions; a heathen
Example
Ancient Romans considered early Christians to be pagans.
Los antiguos romanos consideraban a los primeros cristianos como paganos.
C1 noun /ˌfɪziˈɑːlədʒi/

physiology

fisiología
Meaning
the scientific study of the functions and mechanisms in a living system
Example
She is majoring in human physiology at the university.
Ella está especializándose en fisiología humana en la universidad.
C1 adjective /ˈpleɪntɪv/

plaintive

triste, lamentoso
Meaning
expressing sadness or sorrow
Example
He raised a plaintive cry for help.
Él levantó un grito lamentoso pidiendo ayuda.
C1 verb /ˈpæmpər/

pamper

mimar / consentir
Meaning
to treat with excessive care and attention; to spoil
Example
Parents often pamper their first child.
Los padres a menudo miman a su primer hijo.
C1 noun /ˈpɛnɪtəns/

penitence

penitencia
Meaning
The action or feeling of showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong.
Example
His eyes were full of penitence after realizing his mistake.
Sus ojos estaban llenos de penitencia después de darse cuenta de su error.
C1 adjective /præɡˈmæt.ɪk/

pragmatic

pragmático
Meaning
Dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than idealistic considerations.
Example
He took a pragmatic approach to solving the financial crisis.
Él adoptó un enfoque pragmático para resolver la crisis financiera.
C1 noun /ˈper.ɪ.wɪŋ.kəl/

Periwinkle

periwinkle
Meaning
a small trailing plant with violet-blue or white flowers
Example
Purple periwinkles covered the garden ground beautifully.
Las periwinkles moradas cubrían hermosamente el suelo del jardín.
C1 noun /ˈplɛθərə/

plethora

una abundancia excesiva
Meaning
an excessive amount of something
Example
She has a plethora of books on her shelf.
Ella tiene una abundancia excesiva de libros en su estante.
C1 adjective /ˈpjuː.ni/

puny

débiles
Meaning
Small, weak, or insignificant.
Example
He felt puny compared to his stronger classmates.
Se sentía débil comparado con sus compañeros de clase más fuertes.
C1 verb /prəˈfes/

profess

profesar
Meaning
to declare or claim openly; to state one's belief
Example
He professes his love for classical music.
Él profesa su amor por la música clásica.
C1 noun /plaɪt/

Plight

dificultad; situación desafortunada
Meaning
a dangerous, difficult, or unfortunate situation
Example
The refugees were in a desperate plight.
Los refugiados estaban en una difícil situación.
C1 noun /prɪˈtɛnʃən/

pretension

pretensión, falsa apariencia
Meaning
A claim or assertion to something, often without justification; an attempt to impress by showing greater importance or talent than is actually possessed.
Example
His pretension to be an expert was quickly exposed.
Su pretensión de ser un experto fue rápidamente expuesta.
C1 adjective ˌprɒb.ə.bɪˈlɪs.tɪk

probabilistic

basado en probabilidad
Meaning
Based on probability; involving chance or statistical likelihood.
Example
The model follows a probabilistic approach to predictions.
El modelo sigue un enfoque probabilístico para las predicciones.
C1 verb /pɜːrdʒ/

purge

purificar
Meaning
To remove unwanted feelings, people, or things; to cleanse or purify.
Example
The new leader promised to purge corruption from the government.
El nuevo líder prometió purgar la corrupción del gobierno.
C1 noun /ˈprɛsɪdəns/ or /prɪˈsiːdəns/

precedence

precedencia
Meaning
the condition of being considered more important than someone or something else; priority
Example
Safety takes precedence over speed in this factory.
En esta fábrica, la seguridad tiene prioridad sobre la velocidad.
C1 noun /ˈprɒmɪnəns/

prominence

prominencia
Meaning
The state of being important, famous, or easily noticed.
Example
Her work gained prominence after the award.
Su trabajo ganó prominencia después del premio.
C1 verb /ˌpriːdɪˈspoʊz/

predispose

predisponer
Meaning
To make someone more likely to behave in a certain way or be affected by something.
Example
His genetics may predispose him to diabetes.
Sus genes pueden predisponerlo a la diabetes.
C1 noun /ˈpɛndənt/

pendant

colgante
Meaning
a piece of jewelry that hangs from a chain worn around the neck
Example
She wore a silver pendant around her neck.
Ella llevaba un colgante de plata alrededor del cuello.