predominance
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C1 noun /prɪˈdɒmɪnəns/

predominance

preponderancia
Meaning
The state of being greater in number, strength, or importance.
Example
The predominance of online shopping has changed retail forever.
La preponderancia de las compras en línea ha cambiado el comercio minorista para siempre.
C1 verb /prɪˈkluːd/

preclude

prevenir
Meaning
To prevent something from happening; to make impossible.
Example
Heavy rain precluded the possibility of a picnic.
La lluvia intensa precluyó la posibilidad de un picnic.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.ləs/

pitiless

despiadado
Meaning
showing no pity or compassion; cruel
Example
The pitiless ruler ignored the suffering of his people.
El gobernante despiadado ignoró el sufrimiento de su pueblo.
C1 verb /prəˈfes/

profess

profesar
Meaning
to declare or claim openly; to state one's belief
Example
He professes his love for classical music.
Él profesa su amor por la música clásica.
C1 verb /ˈpɒstʃʊleɪt/

postulate

postular
Meaning
to suggest or assume that something is true as the basis for reasoning or discussion
Example
Scientists postulate that life exists on other planets.
Los científicos postulan que la vida existe en otros planetas.
C1 noun /plæsˈtɪsəti/

plasticity

plasticidad, capacidad de adaptarse
Meaning
the quality of being easily shaped or molded; adaptability
Example
The brain's plasticity allows it to adapt after injury.
La plasticidad del cerebro le permite adaptarse después de una lesión.
C1 verb /ˈpɪlɪdʒ/

pillage

saquear
Meaning
to rob or plunder a place, especially during war
Example
The invading army pillaged the village and took all valuables.
El ejército invasor saqueó la aldea y se llevó todas las cosas valiosas.
C1 noun /pərˈvɜːrʒən/

perversion

perversión
Meaning
The act of distorting or corrupting the original meaning, purpose, or state of something.
Example
The regime’s censorship was seen as a perversion of free speech.
La censura del régimen se consideró una perversión de la libertad de expresión.
C1 verb /ˈprɒpəɡeɪt/

propagate

propagar
Meaning
To spread or transmit an idea, belief, or information widely; also to reproduce in plants or animals.
Example
Scientists work to propagate the species in captivity.
Los científicos trabajan para propagar las especies en cautiverio.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊdiətrɪst/

podiatrist

podólogo
Meaning
a doctor specializing in foot care
Example
I have an appointment with the podiatrist for my ankle pain.
Tengo una cita con el podólogo para el dolor de tobillo.
C1 adjective /præɡˈmæt.ɪk/

pragmatic

pragmático
Meaning
Dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than idealistic considerations.
Example
He took a pragmatic approach to solving the financial crisis.
Él adoptó un enfoque pragmático para resolver la crisis financiera.
C1 adjective /ˈpʌn.dʒənt/

Pungent

pungente
Meaning
sharp; strong-smelling; acrid;
Example
The pungent smell of garlic filled the kitchen.
El olor pungente del ajo llenó la cocina.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈpæstərəl/

pastoral

rural, relacionado con pastores
Meaning
relating to the countryside, shepherds, or rural life; also relating to spiritual guidance by a pastor
Example
The painting had a calm pastoral scene with sheep grazing.
La pintura tenía una escena pastoral tranquila con ovejas pastando.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.saɪt/

Parasite

parásito
Meaning
an organism that lives on or in another organism and benefits at its expense; a person who depends on others
Example
The dog was treated for intestinal parasites.
El perro fue tratado para parásitos intestinales.
C1 adjective /fəˈnɛtɪk/

phonetic

fonético
Meaning
relating to the sounds of speech or pronunciation
Example
The teacher taught the students the phonetic spelling of difficult words.
El maestro enseñó a los estudiantes la ortografía fonética de las palabras difíciles.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔːltri/

paltry

insignificante, trivial
Meaning
small or meager; lacking in value or importance
Example
They offered him a paltry sum for his work.
Le ofrecieron una suma insignificante por su trabajo.
C1 noun/verb /ˈprɛdɪkət/ (noun), /ˈprɛdɪkeɪt/ (verb)

predicate

predicado / basar en
Meaning
noun: the part of a sentence that tells something about the subject; verb: to base or establish something on a particular idea
Example
His theory is predicated on sound research.
Su teoría está basada en una investigación sólida.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪər.ləs/

Peerless

incomparable; sin igual; sin rival
Meaning
unequaled; having no match or equal; without rival
Example
Her peerless beauty captivated everyone.
Su belleza incomparable cautivó a todos.
C1 adjective /ˈpen.ɪ.ləs/

Penniless

sin dinero; extremadamente pobre; completamente sin fondos
Meaning
having no money; extremely poor; completely without funds
Example
After losing his job, he became penniless.
Después de perder su trabajo, se quedó sin dinero.
C1 adjective /prəˈlɪf.ɪk/

prolific

prolífico
Meaning
Present in large numbers or quantities; plentiful; producing many works, results, or offspring.
Example
The author is prolific, having written over 30 books.
El autor es prolífico, ha escrito más de 30 libros.
C1 adjective /pəˈnɪnsjələr/

peninsular

peninsular
Meaning
Relating to or resembling a peninsula.
Example
The peninsular region is surrounded by water on three sides.
La región peninsular está rodeada de agua por tres lados.
C1 noun /ˈpɛntəɡən/

pentagon

pentágono
Meaning
A plane figure with five straight sides and five angles; also refers to the US Department of Defense building.
Example
The Pentagon is one of the most iconic government buildings in the United States.
El Pentágono es uno de los edificios gubernamentales más icónicos de los Estados Unidos.
C1 noun /plʊəˈrælɪti/

plurality

pluralidad o mayoría
Meaning
the state of being multiple; the greater part or majority
Example
In the election, she won by a plurality of votes.
En la elección, ella ganó por una pluralidad de votos.
C1 noun /ˌtɛrəˈdæktɪl/

pterodactyl

reptil volador extinto
Meaning
An extinct flying reptile of the Jurassic period, with a long slender head and wings formed by a membrane stretching along the body.
Example
The museum displayed a fossil of a giant pterodactyl.
El museo exhibió un fósil de un pterodáctilo gigante.
C1 noun /pʌnˈdʒɑː.bi/

Punjabi

punyabi
Meaning
a traditional long shirt worn in South Asia, typically loose-fitting
Example
He wore a white punjabi for the festival celebration.
Él usó un punyabi blanco para la celebración del festival.
C1 adjective /pɜːrt/

pert

atrevido pero encantador
Meaning
attractively lively or cheeky in manner or style
Example
She gave a pert reply that made everyone laugh.
Ella dio una respuesta atrevida que hizo reír a todos.
C1 adjective /ˈpɛndənt/

pendent

colgante
Meaning
hanging down or suspended
Example
The pendent branches touched the ground.
Las ramas colgantes tocaron el suelo.
C1 noun /prəˈpoʊnənt/

proponent

defensor, proponente
Meaning
a person who advocates for or supports a particular idea, cause, or plan
Example
She is a strong proponent of renewable energy.
Ella es una fuerte defensora de la energía renovable.
C1 adjective /pəˈleɪ.ʃəl/

palatial

palaciego
Meaning
resembling a palace in being spacious and splendid
Example
They stayed in a palatial hotel during their vacation.
Se alojaron en un hotel palaciego durante sus vacaciones.
C1 noun /ˈplʌn.dər.ər/

Plunderer

saqueador
Meaning
a person who steals goods, especially during war or civil disorder
Example
The plunderers ransacked the village after the battle.
Los saqueadores saquearon el pueblo después de la batalla.
C1 noun /pækt/

Pact

pacto; acuerdo
Meaning
a formal agreement between individuals or parties; a treaty or contract
Example
The two countries signed a peace pact to end the war.
Los dos países firmaron un pacto de paz para terminar la guerra.
C1 noun /ˌpɜːrspəˈreɪʃn/

perspiration

transpiración
Meaning
The process of sweating.
Example
Heavy exercise causes perspiration.
El ejercicio pesado causa transpiración.
C1 noun /ˈprɛəri/

prairie

pradera
Meaning
A large open area of grassland, especially in North America.
Example
The bison roamed freely across the prairie.
El bisonte deambulaba libremente por la pradera.
C1 noun /ˌpɜː.mɪˈæbɪlɪti/

permeability

permeabilidad, la calidad o estado de ser permeable, permitiendo que los líquidos o gases pasen a través
Meaning
The quality or state of being permeable; allowing liquids or gases to pass through.
Example
The permeability of the soil affects water retention.
La permeabilidad del suelo afecta la retención de agua.
C1 noun /ˈpɔːpər/

pauper

mendigo
Meaning
A very poor person.
Example
The pauper begged for food on the street corner.
El mendigo pidió comida en la esquina de la calle.
C1 noun,verb /pleɪt/

plait

trenza
Meaning
a braid of hair or straw; to braid
Example
She decided to plait her hair before the party.
Ella decidió trenzarse el cabello antes de la fiesta.
C1 noun /ˈprɒk.tər/

proctor

examinador
Meaning
a person who supervises students during an examination
Example
The proctor reminded students to keep their phones switched off.
El proctor recordó a los estudiantes mantener sus teléfonos apagados.
C1 noun ˌpriːˌɒkjʊˈpeɪʃən

preoccupation

preocupación
Meaning
The state of being absorbed in thought; mental distraction.
Example
His preoccupation with work led to neglecting his personal life.
Su preocupación por el trabajo llevó a descuidar su vida personal.
C1 verb /praʊl/

prowl

merodear (para cazar o buscar)
Meaning
To move around quietly and secretly, especially while hunting or searching.
Example
The cat prowled around the garden at night.
La gata merodeó alrededor del jardín por la noche.
C1 adjective /ˌpæn.əˈmer.ɪ.kən/

Pan-American

Panamericano
Meaning
relating to all the countries of North, Central, and South America
Example
The Pan-American Games bring together athletes from across the continent.
Los Juegos Panamericanos reúnen a atletas de todo el continente.
C1 adjective /ˈpʊʃi/

pushy

insistente
Meaning
excessively assertive or aggressive, often annoyingly so
Example
The salesperson was too pushy, which drove customers away.
El vendedor era demasiado insistente, lo que alejó a los clientes.
C1 noun /ˈpɒlɪɡɒn/

polygon

polígono
Meaning
a flat shape with three or more straight sides
Example
The artist drew a colorful polygon on the canvas.
El artista dibujó un polígon colorido en el lienzo.
C1 adjective /ˈpʌlməˌneri/

pulmonary

pulmonar
Meaning
relating to the lungs
Example
The patient suffered from a serious pulmonary infection.
El paciente sufrió una grave infección pulmonar.
C1 adjective /ˈpæs.ə.bəl/

passable

aceptable
Meaning
good enough to be accepted, though not excellent
Example
The road is barely passable after the storm.
El camino es apenas aceptable después de la tormenta.
C1 noun/verb ˈpɪv.ət

pivot

cambio estratégico, eje, cambio de proceso
Meaning
A significant change in business strategy or direction.
Example
The company decided to pivot its business strategy.
La compañía decidió cambiar su estrategia empresarial.
C1 noun /ˌprəʊˈæk.tɪv ˈliː.də.ʃɪp/

proactive leadership

liderazgo proactivo
Meaning
Leadership that takes initiative and anticipates problems before they occur, rather than reacting to events.
Example
Proactive leadership ensures timely decisions.
El liderazgo proactivo asegura decisiones oportunas.
C1 noun ˈpɛd.ə.ɡɒ.dʒi

pedagogy

pedagogía
Meaning
The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept.
Example
Modern pedagogy focuses on student-centered learning.
La pedagogía moderna se centra en el aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante.
C1 adjective /pəˈrɪfərəl/

peripheral

periférico
Meaning
Relating to or situated on the edge or outer parts of something.
Example
The town is located on the peripheral area of the city.
La ciudad está situada en el área periférica de la ciudad.
C1 verb /pəˈveɪd/

pervade

permeabilizar
Meaning
to spread through and be present in every part of something
Example
The smell of fresh flowers pervaded the entire room.
El aroma de las flores frescas permeó toda la habitación.
C1 noun /ˈpriːˌkɜrsər/

precursor

precursor
Meaning
Something or someone that comes before another and indicates the approach of something else.
Example
The steam engine was a precursor to modern trains.
El motor a vapor fue un precursor de los trenes modernos.
C1 adjective /ˈpaɪ.əs/

Pious

piadoso
Meaning
devoutly religious; showing reverence for God
Example
The pious monk spent hours in prayer every day.
El monje piadoso pasaba horas en oración cada día.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.kiːt/

Parakeet

periquito
Meaning
a small colorful parrot with a long tail, often kept as a pet
Example
The green parakeet learned to say hello.
El periquito verde aprendió a decir hola.
C1 verb /ˈpɛtrɪfaɪ/

petrify

petrificar
Meaning
to make someone so frightened that they are unable to move or think; to turn into stone
Example
The loud noise petrified the little child.
El ruido fuerte petrificó al niño pequeño.
C1 noun /ˌpæl.pɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

Palpitation

latido rápido, fuerte o irregular debido a agitación o una condición médica
Meaning
a noticeably rapid, strong, or irregular heartbeat due to agitation or medical condition
Example
She experienced palpitations before her job interview.
Ella experimentó palpitaciones antes de su entrevista de trabajo.
C1 adjective /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

physiological

relacionado con las funciones y actividades corporales
Meaning
Relating to bodily functions and activities.
Example
Exercise improves physiological functions of the body.
El ejercicio mejora las funciones fisiológicas del cuerpo.
C1 adjective /ˈpleɪntɪv/

plaintive

triste, lamentoso
Meaning
expressing sadness or sorrow
Example
He raised a plaintive cry for help.
Él levantó un grito lamentoso pidiendo ayuda.
C1 noun /ˈpraɪ.meɪt/

primate

primate, animal de la familia de los monos
Meaning
A member of the group of animals including humans, apes, and monkeys.
Example
Humans are classified as primates.
Los humanos están clasificados como primates.
C1 noun /ˈprɛljuːd/

prelude

preludio
Meaning
An action, event, or statement that serves as an introduction to something more important.
Example
The small fight was only a prelude to a bigger conflict.
La pequeña pelea fue solo un preludio de un conflicto mayor.
C1 adjective /ˌpɛd.əˈɡɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

pedagogical

pedagógico
Meaning
Relating to teaching and education; concerned with the methods and practice of teaching.
Example
The school adopted new pedagogical techniques to improve learning.
La escuela adoptó nuevas técnicas pedagógicas para mejorar el aprendizaje.
C1 adjective /pəˈrɛniəl/

perennial

perenne
Meaning
lasting or existing for a long time, or recurring continually
Example
Climate change is a perennial concern for scientists.
El cambio climático es una preocupación perenne para los científicos.
C1 noun /ˌpærəfəˈneɪliə/

paraphernalia

parafernalia
Meaning
Miscellaneous articles, especially equipment needed for a particular activity.
Example
The fisherman carried all his fishing paraphernalia in a large box.
El pescador llevó toda su parafernalia de pesca en una caja grande.
C1 noun /ˈpræɡmətɪst/

pragmatist

pragmático
Meaning
A person who deals with things in a practical and realistic way.
Example
He is a true pragmatist who values results over ideals.
Él es un verdadero pragmático que valora los resultados más que los ideales.
C1 adjective /prəˈfeɪn/

profane

profano, irreverente
Meaning
showing disrespect or contempt for sacred things; irreverent or vulgar
Example
His jokes were considered too profane for the ceremony.
Sus chistes fueron considerados demasiado profanos para la ceremonia.
C1 adjective + noun ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ ˈmɪʃən

pioneering mission

misión pionera
Meaning
A groundbreaking or innovative undertaking that leads the way in a particular field.
Example
Artemis is a pioneering mission in space exploration.
Artemis es una misión pionera en la exploración espacial.
C1 verb /pərˈtɜːrb/

perturb

perturbar
Meaning
To disturb or unsettle greatly in mind.
Example
The sudden noise perturbed the students during the exam.
El ruido repentino perturbó a los estudiantes durante el examen.
C1 noun /ˌpærəˈnɔɪə/

paranoia

miedo irracional y persistente de que las personas están 'tratando de hacerle daño' o lo están observando constantemente
Meaning
an irrational and persistent feeling that people are 'out to get you' or are constantly watching you
Example
His constant paranoia made it hard for him to trust anyone.
Su paranoia constante hacía que fuera difícil confiar en cualquiera.
C1 adjective prɪˈkeə.ri.əs

precarious

peligroso
Meaning
Not securely held or in position; dependent on chance; uncertain.
Example
His financial situation is precarious.
Su situación financiera es peligrosa.
C1 adjective /ˈpiːkənt/

piquant

picante
Meaning
having a pleasantly sharp or spicy taste; interestingly provocative
Example
The chef added a piquant sauce to the dish to enhance its flavor.
El chef añadió una salsa picante al plato para realzar su sabor.
C1 verb /ˈpæs.ɪ.faɪ/

pacify

apaciguar
Meaning
To quell the anger, agitation, or excitement of someone.
Example
The mother tried to pacify her crying child.
La madre trató de apaciguar a su hijo que lloraba.
C1 verb /ˈpærəlaɪz/

paralyze

paralizar
Meaning
to cause someone or something to lose the ability to move or function normally
Example
The sudden shock seemed to paralyze him.
El choque repentino parecía paralizarlo.
C1 noun /pəˈlɪɡ.ə.mi/

Polygamy

poligamia
Meaning
the practice of marrying multiple spouses at the same time
Example
Polygamy is illegal in many countries around the world.
La poligamia es ilegal en muchos países alrededor del mundo.
C1 noun /ˈpæstər/

pastor

pastor
Meaning
a minister in charge of a Christian church or congregation
Example
The pastor delivered a heartfelt sermon on compassion.
El pastor dio un sermón lleno de compasión.
C1 noun /ˈprɒfəsi/

prophecy

profecía
Meaning
a prediction or message about the future, often believed to be divinely inspired
Example
The prophecy foretold the rise of a great leader.
La profecía predijo el ascenso de un gran líder.
C1 noun /ˈpɛndənt/

pendant

colgante
Meaning
a piece of jewelry that hangs from a chain worn around the neck
Example
She wore a silver pendant around her neck.
Ella llevaba un colgante de plata alrededor del cuello.
C1 adjective /pəˈdæntɪk/

pedantic

excesivamente preocupado por los detalles menores o reglas
Meaning
Excessively concerned with minor details or rules; overly academic or bookish.
Example
Her pedantic explanations made the lecture dull.
Sus explicaciones pedantes hicieron que la conferencia fuera aburrida.
C1 noun /prɒɡˈnoʊsɪs/

prognosis

pronóstico
Meaning
A forecast of the likely outcome of a disease or situation.
Example
The doctor gave a positive prognosis for the patient's recovery.
El doctor dio un pronóstico positivo para la recuperación del paciente.
C1 noun /pərˈvɜr.sə.ti/

Perversity

perversidad; obstinación;
Meaning
deliberate determination to behave in an unreasonable or unacceptable way; the quality of being contrary or obstinate
Example
His perversity in refusing help frustrated everyone.
su perversidad al rechazar ayuda frustró a todos.
C1 adjective /pərˈpɔːrtɪd/

purported

presunto
Meaning
alleged or claimed to be true, often without proof
Example
The purported evidence was later proven false.
La evidencia presunta fue más tarde probada como falsa.
C1 adjective /pəˈmɪs.ɪv/

permissive

permisivo
Meaning
Allowing or characterized by great or excessive freedom of behavior; very lenient or indulgent.
Example
Permissive parenting can sometimes lead to a lack of discipline in children.
La crianza permisiva a veces puede llevar a una falta de disciplina en los niños.
C1 noun /fɪˈlæn.θrə.pi/

philanthropy

filantropía
Meaning
the desire to promote the welfare of others, often expressed by the generous donation of money to good causes
Example
Philanthropy has helped improve healthcare in many developing countries.
La filantropía ha ayudado a mejorar la atención médica en muchos países en desarrollo.
C1 verb /priːn/

preen

arreglarse
Meaning
To groom or dress oneself with care; to show pride in one's appearance.
Example
She preened in front of the mirror before leaving for the party.
Ella se arregló frente al espejo antes de salir para la fiesta.
C1 noun /ˈprɒv.ɜːb/

Proverb

felicidad
Meaning
a short saying that expresses a general truth or gives advice
Example
The proverb 'Early to bed, early to rise' teaches us about good habits.
No pudo esconder su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 adjective ˈpɪv.ə.təl

pivotal

fundamental
Meaning
Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.
Example
Renewable energy plays a pivotal role in sustainability.
La energía renovable juega un papel fundamental en la sostenibilidad.
C1 noun /ˈpriːsɪŋkt/

precinct

distrito
Meaning
A district or area within the boundaries of a city, often for police or electoral purposes.
Example
She went to vote at her local precinct.
Ella fue a votar en su distrito local.
C1 noun /ˈpɛnənt/

pennant

banderín
Meaning
A tapering flag used for signaling or as an emblem of victory or achievement.
Example
The team raised the championship pennant proudly.
El equipo levantó con orgullo el banderín del campeonato.
C1 noun /ˌpɜːrmjuˈteɪʃən/

permutation

permutación
Meaning
An arrangement or reordering of elements, often in mathematics or logic.
Example
The puzzle can be solved by trying all possible permutations of the tiles.
El rompecabezas se puede resolver probando todas las permutaciones posibles de las piezas.
C1 noun /ˈpruːdəns/

prudence

prudencia
Meaning
The quality of being cautious, wise, and exercising good judgment.
Example
She invested her money with great prudence.
Ella invirtió su dinero con gran prudencia.
C1 noun /prɪˈtɛnʃən/

pretension

pretensión, falsa apariencia
Meaning
A claim or assertion to something, often without justification; an attempt to impress by showing greater importance or talent than is actually possessed.
Example
His pretension to be an expert was quickly exposed.
Su pretensión de ser un experto fue rápidamente expuesta.
C1 adjective /pərˈsɛptɪv/

perceptive

felicidad
Meaning
Having or showing keen insight, understanding, or awareness.
Example
She is very perceptive and quickly notices when something is wrong.
Ella no podía ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 noun /ˌpændəˈmoʊniəm/

pandemonium

pandemonio
Meaning
Wild and noisy disorder or confusion; uproar.
Example
When the concert was canceled, pandemonium broke out among the crowd.
Cuando el concierto fue cancelado, se desató el pandemonio entre la multitud.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔːrəs/

porous

poroso
Meaning
Having tiny holes that allow liquid or air to pass through.
Example
The soil is very porous and drains quickly.
El suelo es muy poroso y drena rápidamente.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrpɪtreɪtər/

perpetrator

delincuente
Meaning
a person who commits a harmful, illegal, or immoral act
Example
The police arrested the perpetrator of the crime.
La policía arrestó al delincuente del crimen.
C1 adjective /ˈpælpəbl̩/

palpable

felicidad
Meaning
easily perceived or felt; so intense as to seem almost tangible
Example
There was a palpable sense of excitement in the room.
No pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 adjective /prəˈvɒkətɪv/

provocative

provocativo
Meaning
Intended to make people angry, excited, or interested.
Example
She wore a provocative dress to the party.
Ella llevaba un vestido provocativo a la fiesta.
C1 noun ˈprɒdʒ.ə.ni

progeny

descendencia, prole, herederos
Meaning
A descendant or the descendants of a person, animal, or plant; offspring.
Example
The philosopher's teachings have influenced many generations of progeny.
Las enseñanzas del filósofo han influenciado a muchas generaciones de progenie.
C1 adjective /prəˈhɪbɪtɪv/

prohibitive

prohibitivo
Meaning
Too high or expensive to be affordable; serving to prevent or discourage action.
Example
The cost of the medication is prohibitive for many families.
El costo de la medicación es prohibitivo para muchas familias.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ət biːk/

Parrot Beak

pico de loro
Meaning
a climbing plant with curved red and orange flowers resembling a parrot's beak
Example
The parrot beak flower's unique curved shape makes it a fascinating addition to any garden.
La flor de pico de loro tiene una forma curva única que la convierte en una adición fascinante a cualquier jardín.
C1 noun /ˈpɪnəkəl/

pinnacle

cima
Meaning
the highest point or peak of something, especially of success or achievement
Example
Winning the Nobel Prize was the pinnacle of her career.
Ganar el Premio Nobel fue el pináculo de su carrera.
C1 noun /ˈpʌndɪt/

pundit

experto
Meaning
An expert in a particular subject or field who is frequently called upon to give opinions to the public.
Example
Political pundits debated the election results on television.
Los pundits políticos debatieron sobre los resultados de las elecciones en la televisión.
C1 adjective /pərˈmɪsəbl̩/

permissible

permitido
Meaning
allowed or permitted by rules or law
Example
It is permissible to park here after 6 p.m.
Está permitido estacionar aquí después de las 6 p.m.
C1 adjective /ˈprɒdɪɡəl/

prodigal

derrochador
Meaning
spending money or resources freely and recklessly; wastefully extravagant
Example
The prodigal son returned home after wasting his inheritance.
El hijo pródigo regresó a casa después de malgastar su herencia.
C1 adjective /pəˈroʊkiəl/

parochial

parroquial
Meaning
Having a limited or narrow outlook; relating to a parish.
Example
His parochial view prevented him from understanding global issues.
Su visión parroquial le impidió entender los problemas globales.
C1 noun /ˈpɪk.æks/

Pick-axe

pico
Meaning
a tool with a heavy metal head and long handle used for breaking up hard ground or rock
Example
The miner used a pick-axe to break through the rocky surface.
El minero usó un pico para romper la superficie rocosa.
C1 noun /prəˈtruːʒən/

protrusion

protuberancia
Meaning
Something that sticks out or projects from a surface.
Example
The protrusion on the wall made it difficult to move the furniture.
La protuberancia en la pared hizo que mover los muebles fuera difícil.
C1 verb /proʊˈtruːd/

protrude

sobresalir
Meaning
To stick out or extend beyond a surface.
Example
A nail was protruding from the wooden board.
Un clavo sobresalía desde la tabla de madera.
C1 adjective /ˈprɪnsəpəld/

principled

principista
Meaning
acting in accordance with moral or ethical standards
Example
He is a principled leader who always puts honesty first.
Él es un líder principista que siempre pone la honestidad primero.
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrpətreɪt/

perpetrate

cometer
Meaning
To commit or carry out, typically a harmful, illegal, or immoral act.
Example
The hackers perpetrated a massive cyber attack on the company.
Los hackers perpetraron un gran ataque cibernético a la empresa.
C1 verb /plʌm/

plumb

medir la profundidad o examinar de cerca
Meaning
to measure the depth of water or examine closely
Example
They used a line to plumb the depth of the lake.
Ellos usaron una línea para medir la profundidad del lago.
C1 noun /pɪˈtaɪə/

Pitaya / Dragon fruit

fruta del dragón
Meaning
a tropical fruit with bright pink or red skin and white flesh speckled with black seeds
Example
The pitaya has a mild, sweet flavor and a unique appearance.
La pitaya tiene un sabor suave y dulce y una apariencia única.
C1 adjective /prɪˈtɛnʃəs/

pretentious

pretencioso
Meaning
Attempting to impress by affecting greater importance, talent, culture, etc., than is actually possessed.
Example
The restaurant was stylish but far too pretentious for my taste.
El restaurante era elegante, pero demasiado pretencioso para mi gusto.
C1 adjective /ˌfɪl.hɑːrˈmɒn.ɪk/

philharmonic

relacionado con una orquesta sinfónica
Meaning
relating to a symphony orchestra or its music
Example
The philharmonic orchestra performed a stunning rendition of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.
La orquesta filarmónica realizó una impresionante interpretación de la Novena Sinfonía de Beethoven.
C1 noun /ˈprɒdɪdʒi/

prodigy

prodigio
Meaning
a person, especially a young one, with exceptional talents or abilities
Example
Mozart was a child prodigy in music.
Mozart fue un prodigio infantil en la música.
C1 verb /praɪ/

pry

husmear / entrometerse
Meaning
to look closely into something; to try to find out private information
Example
She tried to pry into her neighbor’s private life.
Ella intentó husmear en la vida privada de su vecino.
C1 adjective /ˈprɛdəˌtɔri/

predatory

depredador/explotador
Meaning
Relating to animals that prey on others; exploiting or victimizing others for personal gain.
Example
The predatory bird swooped down on its prey.
El pájaro depredador se lanzó sobre su presa.
C1 noun /ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃/

penchant

inclinación
Meaning
a strong or habitual liking for something or tendency to do something
Example
She has a penchant for collecting rare books.
Ella tiene una inclinación por coleccionar libros raros.
C1 noun /ˌpæn.əˈræm.ə/

panorama

vista panorámica
Meaning
An unbroken view of the whole region surrounding an observer.
Example
From the hilltop, we enjoyed a breathtaking panorama of the city.
Desde la cima de la colina, disfrutamos de un impresionante panorama de la ciudad.
C1 noun /ˈpæʃ.ən ˌflaʊ.ər/

Passion flower

flor de la pasión
Meaning
A climbing plant with intricate, colorful flowers; also refers to royal poinciana tree with red-orange blooms
Example
The passion flower vine covered the garden wall with beautiful blooms.
La vid de la flor de la pasión cubrió la pared del jardín con hermosas flores.
C1 adjective /ˌpæn.əˈræm.ɪk/

panoramic

vista panorámica
Meaning
Giving a wide view of an extensive area in all directions.
Example
The hotel offers panoramic views of the ocean.
El hotel ofrece vistas panorámicas del océano.
C1 verb /ˈpʌməl/

pummel

aporrear
Meaning
To strike repeatedly with the fists; to beat or hit forcefully.
Example
The boxer pummeled his opponent in the final round.
El boxeador aporreó a su oponente en la ronda final.
C1 noun /ˌfɪziˈɑːlədʒi/

physiology

fisiología
Meaning
the scientific study of the functions and mechanisms in a living system
Example
She is majoring in human physiology at the university.
Ella está especializándose en fisiología humana en la universidad.
C1 noun /ˈpiː.kɒk ˈflaʊ.ər/

Peacock flower

flor de pavo real
Meaning
a tropical tree with bright orange and red flowers that resemble a peacock's tail
Example
The peacock flower tree blooms with stunning orange flowers in summer.
El árbol de flor de pavo real florece con flores naranjas impresionantes en verano.