polemical
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN English BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Español FR Francés DE Alemán RU Ruso ZH Chino JA Japonés
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
C2 adjective /pəˈlɛmɪkəl/

polemical

polémico
Meaning
relating to or involving strongly critical or controversial writing or speech
Example
She wrote a polemical article challenging traditional beliefs.
Escribió un artículo polémico desafiando las creencias tradicionales.
C2 noun /ˈproʊtoʊˌmɑːrtɚ/

protomartyr

primer mártir
Meaning
The first martyr in a cause or religion, often referring to the first Christian martyr.
Example
St. Stephen is known as the protomartyr of Christianity.
San Esteban es conocido como el protomártir del cristianismo.
C2 noun /ˈpɑːrləns/

parlance

lenguaje específico
Meaning
a particular way of speaking or using words, common to a group
Example
In legal parlance, the term has a different meaning.
En el lenguaje legal, el término tiene un significado diferente.
C2 noun /ˈfaɪləm/

phylum

un categoría principal en la clasificación biológica, por encima de la clase y por debajo del reino
Meaning
a primary category in the biological classification of organisms, above class and below kingdom
Example
Humans belong to the phylum Chordata.
Los humanos pertenecen al filo Chordata.
C2 adjective /ˌfæntæzməˈɡɒrɪkəl/

phantasmagorical

fantasmagórico
Meaning
Having a fantastic, dreamlike, or surreal appearance, often shifting or illusory.
Example
The movie created a phantasmagorical vision of another world.
La película creó una visión fantasmagórica de otro mundo.
C2 verb /pɜːrl/

purl

fluir con un sonido murmullante
Meaning
To knit with a purl stitch; to flow with a murmuring sound (as a stream).
Example
The brook purled softly through the meadow.
El arroyo purleó suavemente por el prado.
C2 adjective /prəˈtuːbərənt/

protuberant

protuberante
Meaning
Sticking out or bulging.
Example
His protuberant belly showed after the meal.
Su barriga protuberante se mostró después de la comida.
C2 adjective /prəˈpɪʃəs/

propitious

propicio
Meaning
giving or indicating a good chance of success; favorable
Example
The sunny weather was a propitious start to the picnic.
El clima soleado fue un comienzo propicio para el picnic.
C2 verb /poʊˈtɛnʃiˌeɪt/

potentiate

potenciar
Meaning
To increase the power, effect, or likelihood of something.
Example
Caffeine can potentiate the effects of some medicines.
La cafeína puede potenciar los efectos de algunos medicamentos.
C2 verb /pərˈveɪ/

purvey

suministrar
Meaning
to supply or provide goods, services, or information, often as a business
Example
The company purveys organic food to health-conscious customers.
La empresa suministra alimentos orgánicos a los clientes conscientes de la salud.
C2 noun /prəˈtɛktərət/

protectorate

protectorado
Meaning
A state that is controlled and protected by another.
Example
The small country became a protectorate of the empire.
El pequeño país se convirtió en un protectorado del imperio.
C2 noun /pərˈsɪpiəns/

percipience

capacidad de percepción
Meaning
The ability to perceive, understand, or notice things quickly.
Example
His percipience in reading people made him a great negotiator.
Su capacidad de percepción al leer a las personas lo convirtió en un gran negociador.
C2 noun /ˈpɪərɪdʒ/

peerage

nobleza
Meaning
the title or rank of a peer; the nobility as a group
Example
He was elevated to the peerage by the king.
Fue elevado a la nobleza por el rey.
C2 noun /pəˈræm.bjə.leɪ.tər/

Perambulator

cochecito de bebé
Meaning
a four-wheeled carriage for a baby; baby stroller or pram
Example
She pushed the perambulator through the park while the baby slept peacefully.
Ella empujaba el perambulator por el parque mientras el bebé dormía tranquilamente.
C2 noun /ˌpɜːrspɪˈkjuːəti/

perspicuity

claridad
Meaning
Clarity and ease in speech or writing; the quality of being clearly expressed.
Example
The perspicuity of his lecture made it easy for students to understand complex topics.
La claridad de su conferencia hizo que fuera fácil para los estudiantes entender temas complejos.
C2 noun /ˈpoʊ.ə.si/

poesy

poesía
Meaning
poetry; the art or composition of poems
Example
The anthology was filled with romantic poesy.
La antología estaba llena de poesía romántica.
C2 noun ˈfaɪ.təʊˌnjuː.tri.ənts

phytonutrients

fitonutrientes
Meaning
Bioactive compounds found in plants that have health benefits beyond basic nutrition.
Example
Green tea contains powerful phytonutrients.
El té verde contiene poderosos fitonutrientes.
C2 noun /ˌpɑːrtjʊˈrɪʃən/

parturition

parto
Meaning
The act of giving birth; childbirth.
Example
The doctor explained the stages of parturition to the students.
El médico explicó las etapas del parto a los estudiantes.
C2 noun /ˈpriːsɛpt/

precept

precepto
Meaning
A general rule intended to regulate behavior or thought.
Example
Honesty is a fundamental precept in all religions.
La honestidad es un precepto fundamental en todas las religiones.
C2 adjective /ˈprʊəriənt/

prurient

lascivo
Meaning
having or showing an excessive interest in sexual matters
Example
The magazine was criticized for its prurient content.
La revista fue criticada por su contenido lascivo.
C2 noun /ˈpɜr.fɪ.di/

Perfidy

perfidia
Meaning
deliberate breach of faith or trust; treachery; betrayal of trust
Example
His perfidy shocked all who had trusted him.
Su perfidia sorprendió a todos los que le habían confiado.
C2 noun /poʊˈzɜːr/

poseur

farsante
Meaning
A person who pretends to be something they are not, often to impress others.
Example
Many considered him a poseur because he exaggerated his accomplishments.
Muchos lo consideraban un farsante porque exageraba sus logros.
C2 adjective /pɪˈskætɔːrɪəl/

piscatorial

relacionado con la pesca
Meaning
relating to fishing or fishermen
Example
He has a deep knowledge of piscatorial techniques and fish species.
Él tiene un profundo conocimiento de las técnicas piscatorias y las especies de peces.
C2 verb /prɒɡˈnɒstɪkeɪt/

prognosticate

pronosticar
Meaning
To foretell or predict future events, especially based on current signs.
Example
Experts attempted to prognosticate the outcome of the election.
Los expertos intentaron pronosticar el resultado de las elecciones.
C2 adjective /ˌpɛntəˈveɪlənt/

pentavalent

pentavalente
Meaning
Having a valence of five, especially in chemistry.
Example
Phosphorus can exist in a pentavalent state.
El fósforo puede existir en un estado pentavalente.
C2 adjective /ˌpærəˈdɪɡmətɪk/

paradigmatic

paradigmático
Meaning
Serving as a typical example or model of something.
Example
Her success story is paradigmatic of the opportunities education can provide.
Su historia de éxito es paradigmática de las oportunidades que la educación puede proporcionar.
C2 adjective /ˈpeɪli/

paly

rayado
Meaning
striped with different colors, usually used in heraldry
Example
The knight’s shield was decorated with paly stripes of red and gold.
El escudo del caballero estaba decorado con rayas rayadas de rojo y oro.
C2 noun /ˈper.ɪ.dʒiː/

perigee

el punto más cercano en la órbita de la luna o un satélite a la Tierra
Meaning
the point in the orbit of the moon or a satellite at which it is nearest to the Earth
Example
The moon appeared much larger during its perigee.
La luna apareció mucho más grande durante su perigeo.
C2 noun /foʊˈtɑːmɪtri/

photometry

ciencia de medición de luz
Meaning
the science of measuring visible light in terms of its perceived brightness to human eyes
Example
Photometry helps in designing efficient lighting systems.
La fotometría ayuda en el diseño de sistemas de iluminación eficientes.
C2 noun /pʌntʃ ˈfoʊrən/

Panch Phoron

panch phoron
Meaning
a Bengali spice blend containing five whole spices: cumin, fennel, fenugreek, nigella, and mustard seeds
Example
The aroma filled the kitchen when she heated panch phoron in oil.
El aroma llenó la cocina cuando calentó panch phoron en aceite.
C2 noun /pɪˈdɒl.ə.dʒi/

pedology

ciencia del suelo
Meaning
The study of soils in their natural environment.
Example
Pedology helps scientists understand soil fertility.
La pedología ayuda a los científicos a comprender la fertilidad del suelo.
C2 adjective /ˈprɒɡnəθəs/

prognathous

prognatoide
Meaning
Having jaws that project forward beyond the rest of the face.
Example
The fossil displayed a distinctly prognathous skull structure.
El fósil mostraba una estructura de cráneo claramente prognatoide.
C2 adjective /ˈpɑːrtəbl/

partible

divisible
Meaning
capable of being divided or separated
Example
The estate was partible among the heirs.
La propiedad era divisible entre los herederos.
C2 adjective /ˈpɛndjʊləs/

pendulous

felicidad
Meaning
hanging down loosely; drooping
Example
The pendulous fruit weighed down the branch.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C2 adverb /ˈprɒksɪmətli/

proximately

cerca
Meaning
In a near or close manner; nearly.
Example
The village lies proximately to the river.
El pueblo está cerca del río.
C2 noun /ˈpɒl.iˌθi.ɪz.əm/

polytheism

politeísmo
Meaning
the belief in or worship of multiple gods
Example
Ancient Greeks practiced polytheism, worshiping gods like Zeus and Athena.
Los antiguos griegos practicaban el politeísmo, adorando a dioses como Zeus y Atenea.
C2 adjective /pɒnˈtɪfɪkəl/

pontifical

relativo a un papa o obispo; pomposo o engreído
Meaning
relating to a pope or bishop; pompous or self-important
Example
His pontifical manner annoyed the other members of the committee.
Su comportamiento arrogante molestaba a los demás miembros del comité.
C2 noun /ˈprɛʃəns/ or /ˈpriːʃəns/

prescience

presencia
Meaning
the ability to know or predict what will happen in the future
Example
Her prescience about market trends saved the company.
Su presiencia sobre las tendencias del mercado salvó a la empresa.
C2 noun /ˈprɒvəndər/

provender

alimento para el ganado
Meaning
food or provisions, especially for livestock
Example
The barn was filled with provender for the cattle.
El granero estaba lleno de alimento para el ganado.
C2 verb /ˌpriːɔːrˈdeɪn/

preordain

preordinar
Meaning
To decide or determine an outcome in advance, especially by fate or divine will.
Example
They believed their meeting was preordained by destiny.
Ellos creían que su encuentro estaba predestinado por el destino.
C2 noun ˈpær.ə.ɡən

paragon

parámetro
Meaning
A person or thing regarded as a perfect example of a particular quality; a model of excellence.
Example
Neom is a paragon of sustainable urban design.
Neom es un parámetro del diseño urbano sostenible.
C2 noun ˌpɜː.pɪˈtʃuː.ɪ.ti

perpetuity

perpetuidad, eternidad, continuidad
Meaning
Permanence, eternity, continuity.
Example
The contract ensures payments in perpetuity.
El contrato asegura pagos en perpetuidad.
C2 noun /proʊˈdʒɛnɪtər/

progenitor

antepasado
Meaning
a direct ancestor; a person or thing that originates something
Example
Researchers traced the custom back to a common progenitor.
Los investigadores rastrearon la costumbre hasta un antepasado común.
C2 adjective /ˌprɛsɪˈdɛnʃəl/

precedential

precedente
Meaning
Relating to, or serving as, a precedent; having authority as an example.
Example
The court’s decision has precedential value.
La decisión del tribunal tiene un valor precedencial.
C2 adjective /ˌpaɪroʊˈtɛknɪk/

pyrotechnic

piromáquina
Meaning
Relating to fireworks or spectacular displays involving fire.
Example
The city celebrated with a grand pyrotechnic display on New Year's Eve.
La ciudad celebró con un gran espectáculo pirotécnico en la víspera de Año Nuevo.
C2 noun /prɒɡˌnɒstɪˈkeɪʃən/

prognostication

pronóstico
Meaning
The act of foretelling or predicting future events.
Example
The astrologer's prognostication fascinated the audience.
El pronóstico del astrólogo fascinó a la audiencia.
C2 noun /fɪˈlæt.əl.ɪst/

philatelist

coleccionista de sellos
Meaning
a person who collects or studies postage stamps
Example
The philatelist spent years building a rare stamp collection.
El filatelista pasó años construyendo una rara colección de sellos.
C2 noun /ˌpærəˈnɔɪæk/

paranoiac

persona paranoica
Meaning
A person who suffers from paranoia or exhibits extreme, irrational distrust and suspicion.
Example
The paranoiac refused to leave his house, fearing everyone was against him.
La persona paranoica se negó a salir de su casa, temiendo que todos estuvieran en su contra.
C2 noun /prəˈfʌn.dɪ.ti/

profundity

profundidad o visión profunda
Meaning
Deep insight; great depth of knowledge or thought.
Example
The profundity of his words left a lasting impact.
La profundidad de sus palabras dejó un impacto duradero.
C2 noun /ˈpɛdɪmənt/

pediment

frontón triangular
Meaning
a triangular gable found above the horizontal structure of a building, often in classical architecture
Example
The ancient temple had a pediment decorated with sculptures.
El antiguo templo tenía un frontón decorado con esculturas.
C2 noun /proʊˈsiː.ni.əm/

proscenium

proscenio
Meaning
the part of a theater stage in front of the curtain; the arch framing the stage
Example
The actors bowed at the proscenium before leaving the stage.
Los actores se inclinaron ante el proscenio antes de dejar el escenario.
C2 noun ˈpɑː.stər.ə.lɪ.zəm

pastoralism

pastoralismo, sistema de pastoreo basado en pasto
Meaning
A form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands for grazing.
Example
Pastoralism is a traditional way of managing livestock.
El pastoreo es una forma tradicional de gestionar el ganado.
C2 noun /ˈpɛnjʊri/

penury

pobreza extrema
Meaning
extreme poverty or destitution
Example
He grew up in penury but became successful later in life.
Él creció en la penuria, pero se hizo exitoso más tarde en la vida.
C2 noun /ˈpær.ɪ.saɪd/

parricide

parricidio
Meaning
The act of killing one's father, mother, or other close relative.
Example
The court tried him for parricide after the tragic incident.
El tribunal lo juzgó por parricidio después del trágico incidente.
C2 noun /ˈpɪkəloʊ/

piccolo

flauta pequeña
Meaning
a small flute, higher in pitch than the regular flute
Example
She played a lively tune on the piccolo during the concert.
Ella tocó una melodía animada en el piccolo durante el concierto.
C2 verb /ˈprætəl/

prattle

charlar sin sentido
Meaning
to talk at length in a foolish or inconsequential way
Example
The children would prattle on about their games.
Los niños hablarían sobre sus juegos.
C2 verb /priːˈdɛstɪn/

predestine

predestinar
Meaning
to determine or decide something in advance, often regarded as being fixed by fate or divine will
Example
They believed their paths were predestined by fate.
Ellos creían que sus caminos estaban predestinados por el destino.
C2 noun /ˈpɜːrkwɪzɪt raɪt/

perquisiteperquisiteright

derecho a beneficios adicionales
Meaning
a legal right to certain benefits or privileges associated with a job or office
Example
The judge enjoyed certain perquisite rights attached to his position.
El juez disfrutó de ciertos derechos adicionales asociados con su puesto.
C2 noun /ˌpoʊpʊˈriː/

potpourri

mezcla de flores secas
Meaning
a mixture of dried flowers and spices kept in a bowl to perfume a room; a miscellaneous collection
Example
The living room was filled with the scent of potpourri.
La sala de estar estaba llena con el aroma del potpourri.
C2 noun /ˈpɜːrsɪflɑːʒ/

persiflage

burlas ligeras
Meaning
light and slightly contemptuous mockery or banter
Example
Their conversation was full of persiflage and jokes.
Su conversación estaba llena de burlas ligeras y bromas.
C2 noun /ˈpætrɪˌmoʊni/

patrimony

patrimonio
Meaning
Property or inheritance passed down from one's father or ancestors.
Example
The castle was part of his patrimony from his noble ancestors.
El castillo era parte de su patrimonio de sus nobles antepasados.
C2 noun /pəˈveɪʒən/

pervasion

pervasión
Meaning
the act of spreading through or being present everywhere in something
Example
There was a pervasion of hope throughout the community.
Había una pervasión de esperanza en toda la comunidad.
C2 adjective /pʌɡˈneɪʃəs/

pugnacious

agresivo
Meaning
Having a quarrelsome or combative nature; eager to fight.
Example
His pugnacious attitude often got him into trouble.
Su actitud agresiva a menudo lo metía en problemas.
C2 noun /ˈpɑːdreɪ/

padre

padre
Meaning
A title for a priest, especially in the Roman Catholic Church; also used informally for 'father'.
Example
The soldiers attended mass led by the padre.
Los soldados asistieron a la misa presidida por el padre.
C2 verb /pəˈræmbjʊˌleɪt/

perambulate

pasear
Meaning
To walk through or travel around, especially for leisure.
Example
They perambulated the old town, enjoying the sights.
Ellos paseaban por la ciudad antigua, disfrutando de las vistas.
C2 noun prəˈklɪv.ə.ti

proclivity

propensión
Meaning
A tendency to choose or do something regularly; an inclination or predisposition toward a particular thing.
Example
She has a proclivity for learning new languages.
Ella tiene una propensión por aprender nuevos idiomas.
C2 adjective /prəˈvaɪzəri/

provisory

condicional
Meaning
conditional; depending on certain terms being met
Example
The arrangement was only provisory until the final contract was signed.
El acuerdo era solo condicional hasta que se firmara el contrato final.
C2 noun /ˌpɜːrtərˈbeɪʃn/

perturbation

perturbación
Meaning
A state of anxiety, disturbance, or disorder.
Example
The announcement caused a perturbation in the financial markets.
El anuncio causó una perturbación en los mercados financieros.
C2 adjective /ˈprɒvɪdənt/

provident

previsor
Meaning
making or indicative of timely preparation for the future
Example
She was provident in saving money for her children’s education.
Ella fue previsora al ahorrar dinero para la educación de sus hijos.
C2 adjective /ˌpɛnɪˈtɛnʃəl/

penitential

penitente
Meaning
Relating to or expressing penitence or penance.
Example
The priest delivered a penitential sermon on forgiveness.
El sacerdote dio un sermón penitente sobre el perdón.
C2 noun /ˌfɑːsfəˈrɛsəns/

phosphorescence

fosforescencia
Meaning
the property of emitting light without noticeable heat
Example
The deep-sea creatures displayed a beautiful phosphorescence.
Las criaturas del fondo marino exhibieron una hermosa fosforescencia.
C2 noun /pruːd/

prude

persona excesivamente pudorosa
Meaning
A person who is easily shocked by matters relating to sex or nudity; someone overly modest.
Example
He was called a prude for blushing at the movie scenes.
Lo llamaron un prudente por sonrojarse con las escenas de la película.
C2 adjective /ˈprɛfətɔːri/

prefatory

preliminar
Meaning
serving as an introduction or preface
Example
He made some prefatory remarks before the lecture began.
Hizo algunos comentarios preliminares antes de que comenzara la conferencia.
C2 noun /pəˈtiːnə/

patina

una película o brillo en metal, piedra o madera debido a la edad o uso; también, una apariencia superficial
Meaning
a surface film or sheen on metal, stone, or wood due to age or use; also, a superficial appearance
Example
The bronze statue developed a green patina after years in the sea air.
La estatua de bronce desarrolló una patina verde después de años en el aire marino.
C2 noun /ˈpæk.ɪ.dɜːrm/

pachyderm

mamífero grande con piel gruesa
Meaning
a large mammal with thick skin, such as an elephant, rhinoceros, or hippopotamus
Example
The zoo had several pachyderms, including elephants and rhinos.
El zoológico tenía varios pachidermos, incluidos elefantes y rinocerontes.
C2 adjective /prɪˈzʌmptɪv/

presumptive

presunto
Meaning
Based on probability or assumption rather than proof.
Example
She is the presumptive nominee for the party.
Ella es la nominada presunta para el partido.
C2 noun /ˌpɛrəɡrɪˈneɪʃən/

peregrination

peregrinación
Meaning
A long journey or wandering, especially on foot.
Example
Their peregrination across Asia lasted two years.
Su peregrinación a través de Asia duró dos años.
C2 noun /paɪər/

pyre

pira
Meaning
A heap of combustible material, especially one used for burning a corpse as part of a funeral ceremony.
Example
The villagers built a pyre to honor the deceased.
Los aldeanos construyeron una pira para honrar al difunto.
C2 noun /ˌfəʊ.təʊ.sen.sɪˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/

photosensitivity

sensibilidad a la luz
Meaning
Sensitivity to light, especially abnormal sensitivity that may cause discomfort or damage.
Example
Overrubbing can increase photosensitivity.
Frotarse en exceso puede aumentar la sensibilidad a la luz.
C2 adjective /pəˈluːsɪd/

pellucid

transparente
Meaning
Transparently clear; easy to understand.
Example
The lake water was so pellucid that you could see the stones at the bottom.
El agua del lago estaba tan transparente que podías ver las piedras en el fondo.
C2 noun /ˌpraɪvəˈtɪə/

privateer

corsario
Meaning
A privately owned armed ship authorized by a government to attack enemy ships during war.
Example
The privateer captured several enemy vessels during the conflict.
El corsario capturó varios barcos enemigos durante el conflicto.
C2 noun /ˈprɒm.ən.tɔːr.i/

promontory

promontorio
Meaning
A high point of land or rock projecting into a body of water.
Example
The lighthouse stood on a promontory overlooking the sea.
El faro estaba en un promontorio con vistas al mar.
C2 noun /ˈfeɪlæŋks/

phalanx

falange
Meaning
A group of people or things arranged in a compact, close formation; also an ancient Greek military formation.
Example
A phalanx of reporters waited outside the courthouse.
Un grupo de reporteros esperaba afuera del tribunal.
C2 noun /ˈfɪl.ɪ.staɪn/

philistine

persona indiferente o hostil hacia la cultura y las artes
Meaning
a person who is indifferent or hostile to culture and the arts
Example
He was criticized as a philistine for dismissing modern art.
Fue criticado como un filisteo por rechazar el arte moderno.
C2 verb /pərˈtɪkjələrˌaɪz/

particularize

especificar
Meaning
to mention or describe something in detail
Example
The witness was asked to particularize the events of that night.
Se le pidió al testigo que especificara los eventos de esa noche.
C2 adjective /pərˈsuːənt/

pursuant

de acuerdo con
Meaning
in accordance with or following something, especially a law or rule
Example
The decision was made pursuant to the regulations.
La decisión se tomó de acuerdo con los reglamentos.
C2 noun /ˌpaɪrəˈmeɪniə/

pyromania

deseo incontrolable de prender fuego a cosas
Meaning
An uncontrollable desire to set things on fire.
Example
The suspect was diagnosed with pyromania after repeated incidents of arson.
El sospechoso fue diagnosticado con piromanía después de repetidos incidentes de incendio provocado.
C2 adjective /ˈpɛkənt/

peccant

culpable
Meaning
Guilty of a moral offense or wrongdoing; sinful.
Example
The judge declared the peccant official unfit for office.
El juez declaró al oficial culpable no apto para el cargo.
C2 adjective /ˈprəʊ.lɪks/

prolix

excesivamente largo
Meaning
using too many words; tediously lengthy
Example
The professor’s prolix lecture put many students to sleep.
La conferencia prolija del profesor hizo que muchos estudiantes se quedaran dormidos.
C2 verb /ˈpʌkər/

pucker

fruncir
Meaning
to tighten or contract into small folds or wrinkles
Example
She puckered her lips before kissing the child.
Ella frunció los labios antes de besar al niño.
C2 noun /ˈproʊbɪti/

probity

probidad
Meaning
The quality of having strong moral principles; honesty and decency.
Example
The judge was admired for his integrity and probity.
El juez fue admirado por su integridad y probidad.
C2 noun /proʊˈskrɪp.ʃən/

proscription

prohibición
Meaning
the act of forbidding something, especially by law
Example
The proscription of child labor is an important human rights achievement.
La prohibición del trabajo infantil es un logro importante de los derechos humanos.
C2 adjective /prɪˈpɒndərənt/

preponderant

preponderante
Meaning
Having superior weight, force, influence, or importance.
Example
The preponderant influence of the media shapes public opinion.
La influencia preponderante de los medios de comunicación da forma a la opinión pública.
C2 noun /ˈpɔːrtɛnt/

portent

presagio
Meaning
A sign or warning that something, especially something momentous or calamitous, is likely to happen.
Example
The sudden drop in stock prices was seen as a portent of economic trouble.
La repentina caída de los precios de las acciones fue vista como un presagio de problemas económicos.
C2 noun /ˈpærəmʊr/

paramour

amante
Meaning
a lover, especially an illicit one
Example
The secret paramour was finally revealed.
El amante secreto finalmente fue revelado.
C2 noun /ˌfɪzɪˈɑːkrəsi/

physiocracy

fisiocracia
Meaning
an economic theory that land and its natural products are the source of wealth
Example
Physiocracy emphasized the importance of agriculture in national wealth.
La fisiocracia enfatizó la importancia de la agricultura en la riqueza nacional.
C2 noun /ˈpɜːrljuː/

purlieu

área periférica
Meaning
The area near or surrounding a place; an outlying or neighboring district.
Example
They spent the afternoon exploring the purlieus of the ancient city.
Pasaron la tarde explorando los purlíus de la antigua ciudad.
C2 adjective /ˌpɒliˈæn.ɪ.ɪʃ/

pollyannaish

excesivamente optimista
Meaning
overly or blindly optimistic
Example
Her pollyannaish attitude ignored the obvious problems.
Su actitud excesivamente optimista ignoró los problemas evidentes.
C2 noun /pɪˈnɒlədʒi/

penology

penología
Meaning
The study of prison management and criminal rehabilitation.
Example
He decided to specialize in penology to help improve the prison system.
Decidió especializarse en penología para ayudar a mejorar el sistema penitenciario.
C2 adjective /pərˈsɪpiənt/

percipient

perspicaz
Meaning
Having good understanding or insight; able to perceive things clearly.
Example
As a percipient critic, she recognized the deeper meaning of the play.
Como una crítica perspicaz, ella reconoció el profundo significado de la obra.
C2 noun /ˌpliːnɪpəˈtɛnʃəri/

plenipotentiary

plenipotenciario
Meaning
a person invested with full power to act on behalf of another, especially in diplomacy
Example
The ambassador was a plenipotentiary sent to negotiate the treaty.
El embajador era un plenipotenciario enviado para negociar el tratado.
C2 noun /ˈfaɪəl/

phial

frasco pequeño
Meaning
a small glass container for liquids, especially medicines
Example
The doctor gave her a phial of medicine.
El doctor le dio un frasco de medicina.
C2 noun /ˈpɒliˌkreɪsi/

polycracy

policracia
Meaning
rule by many; government by multiple authorities
Example
The nation experienced a polycracy after decentralization reforms.
La nación experimentó una policracia después de las reformas de descentralización.
C2 noun ˌpɜː.tɪˈnæs.ɪ.ti

pertinacity

determinación firme y persistencia
Meaning
Firm determination and persistence in achieving something.
Example
His pertinacity in achieving his goals was inspiring.
Su pertinaz determinación en alcanzar sus metas fue inspiradora.
C2 adjective /ˈpɜːrviəs/

pervious

permeable
Meaning
Allowing water, air, or other substances to pass through; permeable.
Example
The soil here is pervious to rainwater.
El suelo aquí es permeable al agua de lluvia.
C2 noun /ˌfaɪ.təʊˈkem.ɪ.kəlz/

phytochemicals

fitonutrientes
Meaning
Natural chemical compounds produced by plants that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition, often having antioxidant properties.
Example
Phytochemicals in green tea help reduce inflammation.
Los fitonutrientes en el té verde ayudan a reducir la inflamación.
C2 noun /ˈpɛtrəˌɡræf/

petrograph

descripción de rocas
Meaning
a description or representation of rocks, especially in detailed scientific writing
Example
The scientist studied the petrograph to understand the rock composition.
El científico estudió el petrográfico para entender la composición de la roca.
C2 noun /ˈpɔːpərɪzəm/

pauperism

paupérisme
Meaning
The state of being extremely poor.
Example
The country struggled with rising pauperism in the 19th century.
El país luchó contra el pauperismo creciente en el siglo XIX.
C2 noun /fɪˈlæt.əl.i/

philately

filatelia
Meaning
the collection and study of postage stamps
Example
Philately is a hobby enjoyed by people of all ages.
La filatelia es un pasatiempo que disfrutan personas de todas las edades.
C2 noun /ˈpiːən/

paean

cántico de alabanza
Meaning
A song or piece of writing expressing great praise or triumph.
Example
The article was a paean to the beauty of nature.
El artículo fue un cántico de alabanza a la belleza de la naturaleza.
C2 adjective /pjuːˈtrɛsənt/

putrescent

en descomposición
Meaning
undergoing the process of decay; rotting
Example
The putrescent odor made everyone leave the room.
El olor en descomposición hizo que todos abandonaran la habitación.
C2 noun /ˌfɪziˈɑːɡrəfi/

physiography

fisiografía
Meaning
the study of the physical features of the earth's surface
Example
He specialized in physiography to understand the landscape of the region.
Se especializó en fisiografía para comprender el paisaje de la región.
C2 noun /pɜːr bɔɪld raɪs/

Per boiled rice

arroz precocido
Meaning
Rice that has been partially boiled in the husk before milling; parboiled rice
Example
Per boiled rice retains more nutrients than regular white rice.
El arroz precocido retiene más nutrientes que el arroz blanco regular.
C2 noun /ˈpʌlkrɪˌtjuːd/

pulchritude

hermosura
Meaning
physical beauty
Example
The actress was admired for her pulchritude as well as her talent.
La actriz fue admirada por su hermosura y su talento.
C2 adjective /ˌpriːpəˈzɛsɪŋ/

prepossessing

atractivo
Meaning
Attractive or appealing in appearance or manner.
Example
She had a prepossessing smile that charmed everyone.
Ella tenía una sonrisa atractiva que cautivó a todos.
C2 adjective /ˌpɪkəˈjuːn/

picayune

insignificante, trivial
Meaning
of little value or importance; trivial
Example
He complained about the picayune details of the contract.
Se quejaba de los detalles triviales del contrato.
C2 verb /proʊˈskraɪb/

proscribe

proscribir
Meaning
to forbid something by law or authority
Example
The new law will proscribe the use of harmful chemicals in farming.
La nueva ley proscribirá el uso de productos químicos dañinos en la agricultura.
C2 noun /ˌpɪəriəˈdɪsɪti/

periodicity

periodicidad
Meaning
The quality or state of being regular or recurring at intervals.
Example
The periodicity of the moon’s phases has fascinated humans for centuries.
La periodicidad de las fases de la luna ha fascinado a los humanos durante siglos.
C2 noun /ˈfɪl.ə.dʒɪ.nɪst/

philogynist

persona que ama o admira a las mujeres
Meaning
a person who loves or admires women
Example
As a known philogynist, he advocated for women's education.
Como un conocido filoginista, él defendió la educación de las mujeres.
C2 noun /ˈplænɪsfɪr/

planisphere

planisferio
Meaning
a rotating star chart used to display the visible stars for any time and date
Example
The astronomer used a planisphere to identify the constellations.
El astrónomo utilizó un planisferio para identificar las constelaciones.
C2 noun /pərˈdɪʃən/

perdition

felicidad
Meaning
A state of eternal spiritual ruin, often referring to hell or damnation.
Example
The preacher warned that greed would lead to perdition.
Ella no pudo esconder su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.