plutocracy
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C2 noun /pluːˈtɒkrəsi/

plutocracy

gobierno de los ricos
Meaning
a system of government where the wealthy hold power
Example
The country was ruled as a plutocracy.
El país fue gobernado como una plutocracia.
C2 noun /ˈræbəl/

Rabble

turba
Meaning
a disorderly crowd; the common people regarded as socially inferior
Example
The politician dismissed the protesters as mere rabble.
El político desestimó a los manifestantes como una simple turba.
C2 adjective /ˈoʊdiəs/

odious

odioso
Meaning
extremely unpleasant or repulsive
Example
The dictator was remembered for his odious crimes.
El dictador fue recordado por sus odiosos crímenes.
C2 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈtɜːrmənət/

indeterminate

indeterminado
Meaning
Not exactly known, defined, or established; vague or uncertain.
Example
The project was delayed for an indeterminate amount of time.
El proyecto se retrasó por un tiempo indeterminado.
C2 noun /ˌɔːrnɪˈθɑːlədʒi/

ornithology

ornitología
Meaning
the scientific study of birds
Example
She pursued ornithology to understand the migration patterns of birds.
Ella persiguió la ornitología para entender los patrones de migración de los pájaros.
C2 noun /ɪkˈskrɛsəns/

excrescence

crecimiento anómalo
Meaning
An abnormal outgrowth or lump, often considered unattractive.
Example
The building was considered an excrescence on the landscape.
El edificio fue considerado una excrescencia en el paisaje.
C2 noun /ˈlætɪs/

lattice

estructura de rejilla
Meaning
A structure of crossed strips arranged in a grid or crisscross pattern.
Example
The garden was decorated with a wooden lattice covered in vines.
El jardín estaba decorado con una estructura de rejilla de madera cubierta de vides.
C2 noun /ˈpɒtˌbɔɪlə/

potboiler

literatura barata
Meaning
a book, play, or film produced quickly to make money rather than for artistic value
Example
The novel was dismissed by critics as a mere potboiler.
La novela fue rechazada por los críticos como una simple literatura barata.
C2 verb /sɪˈkwɛstreɪt/

sequestrate

confiscar
Meaning
To take legal possession of assets until a debt is paid or disputes are resolved.
Example
The court decided to sequestrate the company's property.
El tribunal decidió confiscar la propiedad de la empresa.
C2 noun /ˈpɛdəˌɡɒɡ/

pedagogue

maestro
Meaning
a teacher, especially a strict or formal one
Example
The old pedagogue insisted on discipline in the classroom.
El viejo maestro insistió en la disciplina en el aula.
C2 adjective /pərˈfɪdiəs/

perfidious

traidor
Meaning
deceitful and untrustworthy
Example
The spy was executed for his perfidious actions.
El espía fue ejecutado por sus acciones traidoras.
C2 noun məˌnɒp.ə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

monopolization

monopolización
Meaning
The process by which a company gains exclusive control over a commercial activity.
Example
The monopolization of industries can limit consumer choices.
La monopolización de las industrias puede limitar las opciones de los consumidores.
C2 noun /ɡleɪd/

glade

claros en el bosque
Meaning
An open space in a forest or woods.
Example
They rested in a sunny glade after their long hike.
Descansaron en un claro soleado después de su largo paseo.
C2 verb /frɪz/

frizz

encrespar el cabello o hacerlo desordenado
Meaning
to form into small, tight curls or cause hair to become fuzzy and tangled
Example
The humid weather caused her hair to frizz.
El clima húmedo hizo que su cabello se encrespara.
C2 adjective /ˈlɪsɪt/

licit

lícito
Meaning
Permitted by law or by rules; legal.
Example
The trade of certain goods is licit under international law.
El comercio de ciertos bienes es lícito bajo la ley internacional.
C2 noun /ˌbræɡəˈdoʊʃioʊ/

braggadocio

comportamiento arrogante
Meaning
boastful or arrogant behavior; empty boasting
Example
His endless braggadocio annoyed everyone at the party.
Su interminable comportamiento arrogante molestó a todos en la fiesta.
C2 noun /ˌlaɪ.pəˈdʒen.ɪ.sɪs/

lipogenesis

lipogénesis
Meaning
The metabolic process of fat synthesis where excess carbohydrates are converted into fatty acids and stored as triglycerides.
Example
Excess carbohydrate intake promotes lipogenesis and fat storage.
El consumo excesivo de carbohidratos promueve la lipogénesis y el almacenamiento de grasa.
C2 adjective /ˈlɪŋɡwəl/

lingual

relacionado con la lengua
Meaning
Relating to the tongue or speech.
Example
The dentist examined the patient's lingual surface of the teeth.
El dentista examinó la superficie lingual de los dientes del paciente.
C2 adjective ˌnjʊə.rəʊ.prəˈtek.tɪv

neuroprotective

neuroprotector
Meaning
Having the ability to protect nerve cells from damage, degeneration, or impaired function.
Example
Omega-3 fatty acids have neuroprotective benefits.
Los ácidos grasos omega-3 tienen beneficios neuroprotectores.
C2 noun /boʊ/

beau

novio
Meaning
a male admirer or boyfriend; a fashionable young man
Example
She arrived at the party with her beau.
Ella llegó a la fiesta con su novio.
C2 noun /əˈpɒstəsi/

apostasy

apostasía
Meaning
The abandonment or renunciation of a religious or political belief.
Example
His public apostasy shocked his followers.
Su apostasía pública sorprendió a sus seguidores.
C2 adjective /ˈdʒen.ɪ.tɪv/

genitive

genitivo
Meaning
relating to or denoting a case of nouns and pronouns indicating possession
Example
In English, the genitive case is often shown with an apostrophe and 's'.
En inglés, el caso genitivo a menudo se muestra con un apóstrofe y 's'.
C2 noun /ˈhjuːməs/

humus

humus
Meaning
The dark, organic material in soil formed from decayed plants and animals.
Example
The gardener enriched the soil with humus to improve plant growth.
El jardinero enriqueció el suelo con humus para mejorar el crecimiento de las plantas.
C2 noun /ˈlæriət/

lariat

lazo
Meaning
A long rope with a noose at one end used to catch animals such as cattle or horses.
Example
The cowboy threw his lariat to catch the stray horse.
El vaquero lanzó su lazo para atrapar el caballo extraviado.
C2 noun /ˈkeɪsiːn/

Casein

caseína
Meaning
the main protein found in milk and cheese, used in food production and supplements
Example
Casein protein powder is popular among athletes for muscle recovery.
El polvo de proteína de caseína es popular entre los atletas para la recuperación muscular.
C2 adjective /baɪˈɛniəl/

biennial

bienal
Meaning
happening every two years
Example
The biennial festival attracts thousands of visitors.
El festival bienal atrae a miles de visitantes.
C2 noun /ˈpɑːrsɪmoʊni/

parsimony

tacañeria
Meaning
extreme unwillingness to spend money or use resources
Example
His parsimony was evident in the way he avoided any unnecessary expenses.
Su tacañeria era evidente en la manera en que evitaba cualquier gasto innecesario.
C2 noun /ˈsɪʒ.ən/

scission

cisión
Meaning
the act of cutting or dividing something
Example
The political party suffered a scission over ideological disputes.
El partido político sufrió una cisión debido a disputas ideológicas.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɑːlɪtɪk/

impolitic

imprudente
Meaning
Unwise or imprudent; not showing good judgment.
Example
It would be impolitic to criticize them openly.
Sería imprudente criticarlos abiertamente.
C2 noun /ˈtaɪtwɒd/

tightwad

tacaño
Meaning
a person who is unwilling to spend money; a miser
Example
Everyone calls him a tightwad because he never buys gifts.
Todos lo llaman tacaño porque nunca compra regalos.
C2 verb /ˌsuːpərˈæn.ju.eɪt/

superannuate

jubilar con pensión
Meaning
to retire someone with a pension, usually due to age or long service
Example
The company decided to superannuate its senior employees after thirty years of service.
La empresa decidió jubilar con pensión a sus empleados senior después de treinta años de servicio.
C2 noun ˌæɡ.roʊ.iˈkɒl.ə.dʒi

agroecology

agroecología
Meaning
A scientific discipline that studies agricultural systems by applying ecological concepts and principles.
Example
Agroecology promotes eco-friendly farming.
La agroecología promueve la agricultura ecológica.
C2 noun /lɒx/ or /lɒk/

lough

embalse
Meaning
An Irish or Scottish word for a lake or sea inlet.
Example
The fishermen lived by the lough for generations.
Los pescadores vivían junto al embalse durante generaciones.
C2 adjective /prəˈpɪʃəs/

propitious

propicio
Meaning
giving or indicating a good chance of success; favorable
Example
The sunny weather was a propitious start to the picnic.
El clima soleado fue un comienzo propicio para el picnic.
C2 verb /koʊˈhɪr/

cohere

coherer
Meaning
To stick together; to be united logically or physically.
Example
The ideas in his essay cohere well.
Las ideas en su ensayo cohieren bien.
C2 adjective /luːd/

lewd

obsceno
Meaning
Sexually offensive, obscene, or vulgar.
Example
He was arrested for making lewd remarks in public.
Fue arrestado por hacer comentarios obscenos en público.
C2 noun /ˈɡlæsi fɪʃ/

Glassy fish

pez de cristal
Meaning
a transparent freshwater fish with a glassy appearance, popular in aquariums
Example
The glassy fish is known for its transparent body and peaceful nature.
El pez de cristal es conocido por su cuerpo transparente y su naturaleza pacífica.
C2 noun /ˈsaɪ.nəˌʃʊr/

cynosure

el centro de todas las miradas
Meaning
A person or thing that is the center of attention or admiration.
Example
She was the cynosure of all eyes at the party.
Ella era el centro de todas las miradas en la fiesta.
C2 verb /kənˈstrɪndʒ/

constringe

contraer
Meaning
to cause to shrink or contract; to constrict
Example
The medicine helped constringe the swollen tissues.
El medicamento ayudó a contraer los tejidos hinchados.
C2 noun /doʊlt/

dolt

tonto
Meaning
A stupid or slow-witted person.
Example
Only a dolt would believe such a story.
Solo un tonto creería en tal historia.
C2 adjective /ˈkeəwɔːn/

careworn

agotado y preocupado
Meaning
Showing signs of worry, stress, or exhaustion.
Example
His careworn face revealed years of struggle.
Su rostro agotado revelaba años de lucha.
C2 verb /ɪsˈtʃuː/

eschew

evitar
Meaning
to deliberately avoid or abstain from something
Example
She chose to eschew junk food for a healthier diet.
Ella decidió evitar la comida chatarra por una dieta más saludable.
C2 adjective /ˌdaɪəˈtɒmɪk/

diatomic

diatómico
Meaning
Consisting of two atoms.
Example
Oxygen is a diatomic molecule.
El oxígeno es una molécula diatómica.
C2 noun /hɪˈlærɪti/

hilarity

hilaridad
Meaning
Extreme amusement, especially when expressed by laughter.
Example
The movie caused great hilarity among the audience.
La película causó una gran hilaridad entre el público.
C2 noun /ˌθiːəˈloʊdʒən/

theologian

teólogo
Meaning
A person who studies or is an expert in theology.
Example
Theologians often debate complex questions of faith and morality.
Los teólogos a menudo debaten sobre preguntas complejas de fe y moralidad.
C2 verb /səˈfjuːz/

suffuse

difundir
Meaning
to gradually spread through or over something
Example
A warm glow suffused her face as she smiled.
Un resplandor cálido se difundió por su rostro mientras ella sonreía.
C2 noun /ˈkrɪsəndəm/

christendom

cristiandad
Meaning
the worldwide body or community of Christians
Example
The news spread quickly across Christendom.
La noticia se extendió rápidamente por toda la cristiandad.
C2 noun /skæd/

scad

escad pescado
Meaning
A type of fish of the jack family; also informally means a large number or quantity.
Example
The fisherman caught a scad in the net.
El pescador atrapó un escad en la red.
C2 noun /vɪˈsɪsɪtjuːd/

vicissitude

vicisitudes de la vida
Meaning
A natural change or succession of one thing to another; the ups and downs of life.
Example
The vicissitude of life often teaches resilience.
Las vicisitudes de la vida a menudo enseñan resiliencia.
C2 noun /ˈɛpənɪm/

eponym

persona de la que se toma el nombre
Meaning
A person after whom a discovery, invention, place, or other thing is named.
Example
Sandwich is an eponym named after the Earl of Sandwich.
Sándwich es un epónimo nombrado en honor al Conde de Sándwich.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈɛk.wɪ.tə.bəl/

inequitable

inequitativo
Meaning
Not fair or just; lacking in fairness or equality.
Example
The distribution of resources was inequitable among the workers.
La distribución de recursos fue inequitativa entre los trabajadores.
C2 noun /ˈpɔːrtɛnt/

portent

presagio
Meaning
A sign or warning that something, especially something momentous or calamitous, is likely to happen.
Example
The sudden drop in stock prices was seen as a portent of economic trouble.
La repentina caída de los precios de las acciones fue vista como un presagio de problemas económicos.
C2 noun /rɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/

renunciation

renuncia
Meaning
the formal rejection or giving up of something, usually a belief, claim, or way of life
Example
His renunciation of worldly pleasures impressed the monks.
Su renuncia a los placeres mundanos impresionó a los monjes.
C2 noun /ˈmær.oʊ ʌv ˈplæn.tɪn triː/

Marrow of plantain tree

médula del árbol de plátano
Meaning
the soft inner part of the banana plant stem that is used as a vegetable in cooking
Example
The marrow of plantain tree is commonly used in traditional Bengali cuisine.
La médula del árbol de plátano se usa comúnmente en la cocina tradicional bengalí.
C2 adjective /ˈɡɛə.rɪʃ/

garish

excesivamente brillante y llamativo
Meaning
Excessively bright and showy, often in a tasteless or unattractive way.
Example
The room was decorated with garish neon lights.
La habitación estaba decorada con luces de neón excesivamente brillantes.
C2 verb /koʊˈæɡjəˌleɪt/

coagulate

coagular
Meaning
to cause a liquid, especially blood, to change into a solid or semi-solid state
Example
The blood quickly coagulated after the cut.
La sangre se coaguló rápidamente después del corte.
C2 verb /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtɛnd/

superintend

supervisar
Meaning
to oversee and direct the work or operation of something
Example
She was hired to superintend the construction project.
Ella fue contratada para supervisar el proyecto de construcción.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpæsɪbəl/

impassible

impasible
Meaning
Incapable of suffering or feeling pain (used mainly in theological or philosophical contexts).
Example
Some philosophers argue that God is impassible and cannot experience human emotions.
Algunos filósofos argumentan que Dios es impasible y no puede experimentar emociones humanas.
C2 verb /ˈfɜːrbɪʃ/

furbish

pulir
Meaning
to polish, renovate, or give a fresh look to something
Example
The workers furbished the old sword until it gleamed like new.
Los trabajadores pulieron la antigua espada hasta que brilló como nueva.
C2 adverb /ˌpɛlˈmɛl/

pell-mell

de manera desordenada
Meaning
In a confused, rushed, or disorderly manner.
Example
The children ran pell-mell through the playground.
Los niños corrieron de manera desordenada por el patio de recreo.
C2 verb /ˈɡræn.jʊ.leɪt/

granulate

granular
Meaning
To form or cause to form into grains or small particles.
Example
The sugar began to granulate as it cooled.
El azúcar comenzó a granularse cuando se enfrió.
C2 noun /ˈɔːriˌoʊl/

aureole

aureola
Meaning
A halo or radiance surrounding the head or body, often in religious art.
Example
The painting showed the saint with an aureole around his head.
La pintura mostró al santo con un aureól alrededor de su cabeza.
C2 noun, verb /ˈfɪlɪˌbʌstər/

filibuster

una táctica de retrasar la acción legislativa mediante discursos prolongados; usar tal táctica
Meaning
a tactic of delaying legislative action by prolonged speech; to use such a tactic
Example
The senator filibustered for hours to prevent the bill from passing.
El senador filibusteó durante horas para evitar que se aprobara el proyecto de ley.
C2 adjective /ləˈkɒnɪk/

laconic

lacónico
Meaning
using very few words; concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious
Example
His laconic reply ended the conversation quickly.
Su respuesta lacónica terminó la conversación rápidamente.
C2 noun /ˌsɪɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

signification

significado
Meaning
the meaning or sense conveyed by a word, action, or symbol
Example
The signification of the gesture was misunderstood.
El significado del gesto fue malinterpretado.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈvɪdiəs/

invidious

envidioso
Meaning
likely to arouse resentment, envy, or anger in others
Example
The manager's invidious remarks created tension among the employees.
Los comentarios envidiosos del gerente crearon tensión entre los empleados.
C2 noun /ˈɪntərˌloʊpər/

interloper

intruso
Meaning
A person who becomes involved in a situation or place where they are not wanted.
Example
He felt like an interloper at the private family gathering.
Se sintió como un intruso en la reunión familiar privada.
C2 noun /ˈæpəfθɛm/

apophthegm

dicho o refrán corto, ingenioso y educativo
Meaning
A short, pithy, and instructive saying or maxim.
Example
She always had a witty apophthegm to share at meetings.
Ella siempre tenía un apofema ingenioso para compartir en las reuniones.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈvʌlnərəbl/

invulnerable

invulnerable
Meaning
Impossible to harm, damage, or defeat.
Example
The fortress was thought to be invulnerable to attack.
Se pensaba que la fortaleza era invulnerable al ataque.
C2 noun /ˈsoʊbrɪˌkeɪ/

sobriquet

apodo
Meaning
a person's nickname or descriptive name
Example
The famous leader was known by the sobriquet 'The Iron Lady'.
El famoso líder era conocido por el apodo 'La Dama de Hierro'.
C2 verb /ˈlæs.ə.reɪt/

lacerate

lacerar, desgarrar
Meaning
to tear or cut deeply in the skin or flesh
Example
The broken glass lacerated his hand.
El vidrio roto laceró su mano.
C2 noun /ˈhɔːθɔːrn/

hawthorn

arbusto espinoso
Meaning
A thorny shrub or small tree with white or pink flowers, often used for hedges.
Example
The garden was lined with blooming hawthorn bushes.
El jardín estaba rodeado de arbustos de espino en flor.
C2 noun /ˈdrɪvəl/

drivel

cháchara
Meaning
silly or nonsensical talk
Example
The politician’s speech was full of meaningless drivel.
El discurso del político estaba lleno de cháchara sin sentido.
C2 noun /ˈrɛkjʊzənt/

recusant

refractario
Meaning
a person who refuses to submit to authority or comply with rules
Example
The recusant opposed the new law.
El refractario se opuso a la nueva ley.
C2 noun /ˌɛksɪˈkreɪʃən/

execration

maldición
Meaning
An act of cursing or denouncing someone or something with hatred.
Example
The dictator’s name was spoken with execration after his fall.
El nombre del dictador fue pronunciado con maldición después de su caída.
C2 noun, adjective /ˌtætərdɪˈmeɪliən/

tatterdemalion

persona vestida con ropa rasgada
Meaning
A person dressed in ragged clothes; ragged or dilapidated in appearance.
Example
A tatterdemalion wandered the streets in search of food.
Un tatterdemalion vagaba por las calles en busca de comida.
C2 noun/adjective /ˈtraɪkʌlər/

tricolor

bandera tricolor
Meaning
A flag with three colors; consisting of three colors.
Example
The French tricolor is one of the most famous national flags in the world.
La bandera tricolor francesa es una de las banderas nacionales más famosas del mundo.
C2 noun /fiːf/

fief

un terreno de tierra otorgado bajo el sistema feudal; un dominio o área de control
Meaning
an estate of land held under the feudal system; a domain or area of control
Example
The knight was granted a fief by the lord for his service.
El caballero recibió un feudo del señor por su servicio.
C2 adjective /ˈnɔɪ.səm/

Noisome

apestoso; dañino o desagradable
Meaning
having an extremely offensive smell; harmful or unpleasant
Example
The noisome smell from the garbage made everyone cover their noses.
El apestoso olor de la basura hizo que todos se taparan las narices.
C2 adjective /ˌnɒnˈtrɪviəl/

nontrivial

no trivial
Meaning
Not simple or easy; requiring effort or significant thought.
Example
Solving the equation turned out to be a nontrivial task.
Resolver la ecuación resultó ser una tarea no trivial.
C2 noun /blæk biː/

Black-bee

abeja negra
Meaning
a large dark-colored bee that makes a loud buzzing sound
Example
The black-bee was buzzing around the flowers in the garden.
La abeja negra estaba zumbando alrededor de las flores en el jardín.
C2 noun /ɪkˌsprəʊ.priˈeɪ.ʃən/

expropriation

expropiación
Meaning
The act of government taking private property, also known as confiscation, nationalization, or seizure.
Example
The land expropriation led to disputes among landowners.
La expropiación de tierras llevó a disputas entre los propietarios de tierras.
C2 adjective ˌʌn.əˈseɪ.lə.bəl

unassailable

inexpugnable
Meaning
Unable to be attacked, questioned, or defeated.
Example
An unassailable position ensures dominance.
Una posición inexpugnable asegura la dominancia.
C2 noun /ˈmɒnəˌsɪləbəl/

monosyllable

palabra monosílaba
Meaning
A word consisting of only one syllable.
Example
Words like 'yes' and 'no' are monosyllables.
Palabras como 'sí' y 'no' son monosílabos.
C2 noun /lɔːŋ ˈpepər/

Long pepper

pimienta larga
Meaning
a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit which is used as a spice
Example
Long pepper was more valuable than black pepper in ancient times.
La pimienta larga era más valiosa que la pimienta negra en tiempos antiguos.
C2 adjective /ˈsɪnjuːi/

sinewy

musculoso y fuerte
Meaning
Lean and muscular; strong and tough.
Example
The athlete had a sinewy build that showed his strength.
El atleta tenía una constitución musculosa que mostraba su fuerza.
C2 noun /ˈdʒɪb.ər.ɪʃ/

gibberish

galimatías
Meaning
Unintelligible or meaningless speech or writing.
Example
He was so nervous that his explanation sounded like gibberish.
Estaba tan nervioso que su explicación sonaba como galimatías.
C2 verb /ˈrævəl/

ravel

enredar / deshacer
Meaning
to tangle or complicate; to untangle or unravel depending on context
Example
She began to ravel the loose threads of the sweater.
Ella empezó a deshacer los hilos sueltos del suéter.
C2 noun /əbˈstɛtrɪks/

obstetrics

obstetricia
Meaning
The branch of medicine dealing with childbirth and care of women giving birth.
Example
She is studying obstetrics to become a specialist in childbirth.
Ella está estudiando obstetricia para convertirse en especialista en partos.
C2 noun /ˌɪkθiˈɒlədʒɪst/

ichthyologist

icthyólogo
Meaning
A scientist who studies fish.
Example
The ichthyologist discovered a new species of fish in the river.
El icthyólogo descubrió una nueva especie de pez en el río.
C2 noun /lɪˈvaɪəθən/

leviathan

monstruo marino gigante
Meaning
a huge sea monster or something very large and powerful.
Example
The ship looked like a leviathan on the horizon.
El barco se veía como un monstruo marino gigante en el horizonte.
C2 verb /ˈnɔːzieɪt/

nauseate

provocar náuseas
Meaning
To make someone feel sick, with an inclination to vomit.
Example
The spoiled food nauseated him quickly.
La comida echada a perder lo nauseó rápidamente.
C2 verb /sɛkˈstuːpəl/

sextuple

sextuplicar
Meaning
to make or become six times as great or as many
Example
Within two quarters, the campaign sextupled their daily sign-ups.
En dos trimestres, la campaña sextuplicó sus registros diarios.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrɡoʊ/

argot

jerga especializada
Meaning
the specialized vocabulary or jargon of a particular group, especially one with a common interest or occupation
Example
The thieves communicated in an argot that outsiders could not understand.
Los ladrones se comunicaron en un argot que los forasteros no pudieron entender.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈkɒnstənt/

inconstant

inconstante
Meaning
frequently changing; not consistent or dependable
Example
His inconstant moods made it difficult to work with him.
Sus estados de ánimo inconstantes hacían difícil trabajar con él.
C2 verb /ˈsnɪvəl/

snivel

llorar o quejarse de manera débil o molesta
Meaning
to cry or complain in a weak or annoying way
Example
He began to snivel when he didn’t get his way.
Comenzó a llorar cuando no consiguió lo que quería.
C2 noun /ˈɪntərˌveɪl/

intervale

terreno bajo a lo largo de un río, generalmente fértil y plano
Meaning
A low-lying tract of land along a river, usually fertile and flat.
Example
The farmers cultivated crops on the lush intervale by the river.
Los agricultores cultivaron cosechas en el intervalo fértil junto al río.
C2 verb /ˈvɛdʒɪteɪt/

vegetate

vegetar
Meaning
to live in a dull, inactive, or unchallenging way, often with little physical or mental effort
Example
He spent his vacation vegetating on the couch in front of the TV.
Él pasó sus vacaciones vegetando en el sofá frente a la televisión.
C2 adjective /æbˈstruːs/

abstruse

abstruso
Meaning
Difficult to understand; obscure.
Example
The abstruse nature of the philosophical debate left many confused.
La naturaleza abstrusa del debate filosófico dejó a muchos confundidos.
C2 noun /reɪθ/

wraith

espectro
Meaning
A ghost or ghostlike image of someone, especially seen shortly before or after their death.
Example
A wraith appeared in the fog near the old castle.
Un espectro apareció en la niebla cerca del viejo castillo.
C2 adjective /kwəʊˈtɪdiən/

quotidian

cotidiano, común
Meaning
Ordinary or everyday, especially when mundane.
Example
He focused on the quotidian details of family life.
Él se centró en los detalles cotidianos de la vida familiar.
C2 noun kənˌsep.tʃu.ə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

conceptualization

conceptualización
Meaning
The process of forming a concept or idea; the process of developing something in the mind.
Example
The conceptualization of renewable cities is groundbreaking.
La conceptualización de ciudades renovables es innovadora.
C2 noun /hoʊ/

Hoe

azadón
Meaning
a gardening tool with a thin metal blade used for breaking up soil and removing weeds
Example
The farmer used a hoe to remove weeds from his vegetable garden.
El agricultor usó un azadón para quitar las malas hierbas de su jardín de verduras.
C2 noun /ˈzɛfər/

zephyr

brisa suave
Meaning
A soft gentle breeze.
Example
A warm zephyr blew through the valley.
Una cálida brisa suave soplaba a través del valle.
C2 noun /ˈkɒŋ.kɔː.dæt/

concordat

concordato
Meaning
An agreement or treaty, especially between the Vatican and a secular government.
Example
The concordat established the rights of the church within the country.
El concordato estableció los derechos de la iglesia dentro del país.
C2 noun /haɪˈdrɒl.ɪ.sɪs/

hydrolysis

hidrólisis
Meaning
A chemical process that breaks down compounds by adding water, splitting complex molecules into simpler forms.
Example
Hydrolysis breaks down complex molecules into simpler forms.
La hidrólisis descompone moléculas complejas en formas más simples.
C2 noun /draɪ ɡuːs ˈbɛri/

Dry goose berry

grosella seca
Meaning
dehydrated amla fruit, rich in vitamin C and used for medicinal and culinary purposes
Example
Dry goose berry powder is excellent for hair growth.
El polvo de grosella seca es excelente para el crecimiento del cabello.
C2 noun /əˌpɒθiˈoʊsɪs/

apotheosis

apoteosis, el punto más alto
Meaning
The highest point of development; the perfect example of something; the elevation of someone to divine status.
Example
Many see the Renaissance as the apotheosis of art and culture in Europe.
Muchos ven el Renacimiento como la apoteosis del arte y la cultura en Europa.
C2 adjective /səˈpʌlkrəl/

sepulchral

relacionado con una tumba, sombrío
Meaning
Relating to a tomb or burial; gloomy, dismal.
Example
The abandoned house had a sepulchral silence about it.
La casa abandonada tenía un silencio sepulcral.
C2 noun /kəˈkɒfəni/

cacophony

ruido discordante
Meaning
A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.
Example
The cacophony of horns made it impossible to concentrate.
El ruido discordante de las bocinas hacía imposible concentrarse.
C2 noun /ˈɒb.stɪ.nə.si/

obstinacy

obstinación
Meaning
Stubborn refusal to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade one to do so.
Example
His obstinacy made negotiations difficult.
Su obstinación hizo que las negociaciones fueran difíciles.
C2 verb /ˈbændi/

bandy

intercambiar
Meaning
To pass (words, ideas, or gossip) back and forth in a casual or argumentative way.
Example
They bandied jokes across the table.
Ellos intercambiaban bromas a través de la mesa.
C2 adjective /ˈdʒɒkjələr/

jocular

bromista
Meaning
fond of or characterized by joking; humorous
Example
His jocular nature made him popular among colleagues.
Su naturaleza bromista lo hizo popular entre sus compañeros.
C2 verb əˈmiːljəreɪt

ameliorate

mejorar, perfeccionar
Meaning
To make better; improve or enhance something.
Example
The new policies are designed to ameliorate living conditions.
Las nuevas políticas están diseñadas para mejorar las condiciones de vida.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrbərɪˌkʌltʃər/

arboriculture

arboricultura
Meaning
the cultivation and management of trees and shrubs
Example
He studied arboriculture to improve urban green spaces.
Estudió arboricultura para mejorar los espacios verdes urbanos.
C2 adjective /ˈtrɛntʃənt/

trenchant

tajante
Meaning
expressed strongly, effectively, and clearly; sharp or cutting in style or expression
Example
Her trenchant criticism of the policy left no room for misunderstanding.
Su crítica tajante a la política no dejó lugar a malentendidos.
C2 verb /səˈbɔːrn/

suborn

sobornar
Meaning
to bribe or induce someone unlawfully to perform an act, especially to commit perjury
Example
The lawyer was accused of trying to suborn a witness.
El abogado fue acusado de intentar sobornar a un testigo.
C2 noun /ˈjuːzjuːfrʌkt/

usufruct

usufructo
Meaning
The legal right to use and enjoy the benefits of someone else’s property without owning it.
Example
The tenant had the usufruct of the land but not its ownership.
El inquilino tenía el usufructo de la tierra pero no su propiedad.
C2 adjective /ˈnaɪt.li/

Knightly

caballeroso; de caballero; noble y valiente
Meaning
having the characteristics of a knight; chivalrous; noble and brave
Example
He showed knightly courage in defending the innocent.
Él mostró coraje caballeroso al defender a los inocentes.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈplaɪəbl/

impliable

implícito
Meaning
Capable of being implied or suggested.
Example
The meaning of the statement is not directly clear but is impliable from the context.
El significado de la declaración no es directamente claro, pero es implicable por el contexto.
C2 verb /prəˈpaʊnd/

propound

proponer
Meaning
To put forward an idea, theory, or point for consideration.
Example
The professor propounded a new theory on climate change.
El profesor propuso una nueva teoría sobre el cambio climático.