pendulum
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN English BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Español FR Francés DE Alemán RU Ruso ZH Chino JA Japonés
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
C1 noun /ˈpɛndjələm/

pendulum

péndulo
Meaning
A weight suspended from a pivot so that it swings freely, often used to regulate clocks.
Example
The pendulum swung back and forth inside the clock.
El péndulo oscilaba hacia adelante y hacia atrás dentro del reloj.
C1 verb /priːˈɛmpt/

preempt

prevenir
Meaning
To take action in order to prevent something from happening; to take the place of something.
Example
The government acted quickly to preempt a financial crisis.
El gobierno actuó rápidamente para prevenir una crisis financiera.
C1 adjective prəˈvɪnʃəl

provincial

provincial
Meaning
Of or concerning a province of a country or empire.
Example
Bengali was not just a provincial language.
El bengalí no era solo un idioma provincial.
C1 verb /ˈpoʊ.lə.raɪz/

polarize

polarizar
Meaning
to divide or cause to divide into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs
Example
The controversial decision polarized public opinion.
La decisión controvertida dividió la opinión pública en dos grupos opuestos.
C1 adjective /proʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/

prosaic

prosaico
Meaning
ordinary, dull, or lacking imagination
Example
The teacher’s explanation was accurate but rather prosaic.
La explicación del profesor fue precisa, pero bastante prosaica.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ət biːk/

Parrot Beak

pico de loro
Meaning
a climbing plant with curved red and orange flowers resembling a parrot's beak
Example
The parrot beak flower's unique curved shape makes it a fascinating addition to any garden.
La flor de pico de loro tiene una forma curva única que la convierte en una adición fascinante a cualquier jardín.
C1 adjective /pəˈmɪs.ɪv/

permissive

permisivo
Meaning
Allowing or characterized by great or excessive freedom of behavior; very lenient or indulgent.
Example
Permissive parenting can sometimes lead to a lack of discipline in children.
La crianza permisiva a veces puede llevar a una falta de disciplina en los niños.
C1 adjective /ˈfɒnɪk/

phonic

fonético
Meaning
relating to speech sounds or their production; connected to phonics
Example
Children learn phonic rules to read new words accurately.
Los niños aprenden las reglas fonéticas para leer nuevas palabras con precisión.
C1 noun /ˈplɛθərə/

plethora

una abundancia excesiva
Meaning
an excessive amount of something
Example
She has a plethora of books on her shelf.
Ella tiene una abundancia excesiva de libros en su estante.
C1 adjective /ˈpiːkənt/

piquant

picante
Meaning
having a pleasantly sharp or spicy taste; interestingly provocative
Example
The chef added a piquant sauce to the dish to enhance its flavor.
El chef añadió una salsa picante al plato para realzar su sabor.
C1 noun /ˈplʌn.dər.ər/

Plunderer

saqueador
Meaning
a person who steals goods, especially during war or civil disorder
Example
The plunderers ransacked the village after the battle.
Los saqueadores saquearon el pueblo después de la batalla.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔːrəs/

porous

poroso
Meaning
Having tiny holes that allow liquid or air to pass through.
Example
The soil is very porous and drains quickly.
El suelo es muy poroso y drena rápidamente.
C1 noun /ˈpærəˌlɛlɪzəm/

parallelism

paralelismo
Meaning
The state of being parallel or similar; in literature, the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same or similar in construction.
Example
The writer used parallelism to give rhythm to his prose.
El escritor usó el paralelismo para dar ritmo a su prosa.
C1 noun /ˌpɑːrʃiˈæləti/

partiality

parcialidad
Meaning
an unfair preference or bias toward one side or person
Example
The judge was criticized for showing partiality in the case.
El juez fue criticado por mostrar parcialidad en el caso.
C1 noun /ˈpɔːr.kjə.paɪn/

Porcupine

Puerquito de espinas
Meaning
a large rodent with defensive spines or quills on its body
Example
The porcupine raised its quills when threatened.
El puerquito de espinas levantó sus púas cuando se sintió amenazado.
C1 noun /ˈpetɪkoʊt/

Petti-coat

enagua
Meaning
an undergarment worn by women under a dress or skirt
Example
She wore a white petticoat under her dress.
Ella llevaba un peto blanco debajo de su vestido.
C1 noun /ˈpeɪtriɑːrk/

patriarch

patriarca
Meaning
a male head of a family or tribe; an older respected man who leads a group
Example
As the family patriarch, he mediated disputes and kept long traditions alive.
Como patriarca de la familia, mediaba disputas y mantenía vivas las viejas tradiciones.
C1 noun /ˈpen.əns/

Penance

penitencia; castigo por hacer algo malo
Meaning
punishment that you accept for doing something wrong; an act of showing that you are sorry for sin
Example
The monk performed penance for his past mistakes.
El monje realizó la penitencia por sus errores pasados.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊlstər/

pollster

encuestador
Meaning
a person or organization that conducts surveys to gauge public opinion
Example
The pollster predicted a close election outcome.
El encuestador predijo un resultado electoral reñido.
C1 verb /ˈpærəlaɪz/

paralyze

paralizar
Meaning
to cause someone or something to lose the ability to move or function normally
Example
The sudden shock seemed to paralyze him.
El choque repentino parecía paralizarlo.
C1 noun /pəˈpaɪrəs/

papyrus

papiro
Meaning
An ancient writing material made from the pith of the papyrus plant; also refers to the plant itself.
Example
The ancient scroll was written on papyrus.
El antiguo pergamino fue escrito en papiro.
C1 noun ˈpɜː.mə.kʌl.tʃər

permaculture

permacultura
Meaning
The development of agricultural ecosystems intended to be sustainable and self-sufficient.
Example
Permaculture promotes self-sufficient farming systems.
La permacultura promueve sistemas agrícolas autosuficientes.
C1 verb /proʊˈtrækt/

protract

prolongar
Meaning
To prolong or extend in time or duration.
Example
Negotiations were protracted for several months.
Las negociaciones fueron prolongadas durante varios meses.
C1 noun /plʊəˈrælɪti/

plurality

pluralidad o mayoría
Meaning
the state of being multiple; the greater part or majority
Example
In the election, she won by a plurality of votes.
En la elección, ella ganó por una pluralidad de votos.
C1 verb /ˈpærəfreɪz/

paraphrase

felicidad
Meaning
To express the meaning of something using different words, often to make it clearer.
Example
The teacher asked the students to paraphrase the poem in their own words.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 noun /prəˈdʒɛktaɪl/

projectile

proyectil
Meaning
An object fired, thrown, or propelled, especially from a weapon.
Example
The soldier dodged the incoming projectile.
El soldado esquivó el proyectil que venía.
C1 noun /ˈpɛnɪtəns/

penitence

penitencia
Meaning
The action or feeling of showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong.
Example
His eyes were full of penitence after realizing his mistake.
Sus ojos estaban llenos de penitencia después de darse cuenta de su error.
C1 noun /ˈpærɪti/

parity

paridad
Meaning
the state or condition of being equal, especially in status or pay
Example
The campaign aims to achieve pay parity between men and women.
La campaña tiene como objetivo lograr la paridad salarial entre hombres y mujeres.
C1 adjective /pərˈsɛptəbl̩/

perceptible

perceptible
Meaning
Able to be noticed or recognized by the senses or the mind.
Example
There was a perceptible change in the atmosphere.
Hubo un cambio perceptible en la atmósfera.
C1 noun /ˈprɛljuːd/

prelude

preludio
Meaning
An action, event, or statement that serves as an introduction to something more important.
Example
The small fight was only a prelude to a bigger conflict.
La pequeña pelea fue solo un preludio de un conflicto mayor.
C1 noun /pəˈtɜːrnəti/

paternity

paternidad
Meaning
The state of being someone's father.
Example
He demanded a paternity test to confirm his relationship with the child.
Él pidió una prueba de paternidad para confirmar su relación con el niño.
C1 adjective /ˈpəʊ.tənt/

Potent

potente; fuerte; eficaz
Meaning
having great strength, power, or effect; influential
Example
The medicine is very potent and should be taken carefully.
La medicina es muy potente y debe tomarse con cuidado.
C1 adjective /ˈpəʊtəbl/

potable

potable
Meaning
safe to drink; drinkable
Example
The villagers did not have access to potable water.
Los aldeanos no tenían acceso a agua potable.
C1 noun, verb /pliːt/

pleat

pliegue
Meaning
a fold in fabric made by doubling the material back upon itself
Example
She added a pleat to the skirt for extra volume.
Ella agregó un pliegue a la falda para más volumen.
C1 noun /ˌpeɪ.li.ɒnˈtɒl.ə.dʒi/

paleontology

paleontología
Meaning
the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants
Example
She decided to study paleontology at university.
Decidió estudiar paleontología en la universidad.
C1 noun prɪˌsɪp.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən

precipitation

precipitación
Meaning
Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to or condenses on the ground.
Example
Annual precipitation levels are decreasing.
Los niveles anuales de precipitación están disminuyendo.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.di/

Parody

parodia
Meaning
an imitation of a particular style for comic effect; a humorous exaggerated copy
Example
The comedy show featured a parody of famous politicians.
El programa de comedia presentó una parodia de políticos famosos.
C1 noun /ˈproʊbeɪt/

probate

prueba testamentaria
Meaning
the official proving of a will in a court of law
Example
The family had to go through probate after his death.
La familia tuvo que pasar por el proceso de prueba testamentaria después de su muerte.
C1 noun prəˈkjʊrmənt

procurement

adquisición
Meaning
The action of obtaining or procuring something, especially for official purposes.
Example
The procurement of modern equipment has improved research accuracy.
La adquisición de equipo moderno ha mejorado la precisión de la investigación.
C1 noun prɪˈzɜː.və.tɪvz

preservatives

conservantes
Meaning
A substance used to preserve foodstuffs, wood, or other materials against decay.
Example
Many processed foods contain harmful preservatives.
Muchos alimentos procesados contienen conservantes dañinos.
C1 noun /ˈpælɪt/

pallet

plataforma
Meaning
a flat wooden platform used for moving or storing goods; also a makeshift bed
Example
The boxes were stacked on a wooden pallet for easy transport.
Las cajas fueron apiladas en una plataforma de madera para un fácil transporte.
C1 noun ˌpriː.dɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ən

predisposition

predisposición
Meaning
A natural tendency or inclination toward a particular behavior or condition.
Example
Genetic factors can influence a person's predisposition to diseases.
Los factores genéticos pueden influir en la predisposición de una persona a las enfermedades.
C1 adjective /ˈpeɪnzˌteɪkɪŋ/

painstaking

con mucho cuidado
Meaning
Done with great care and thoroughness.
Example
The artist completed the project with painstaking detail.
El artista completó el proyecto con mucho cuidado.
C1 noun prəˈpɛn.sə.ti

propensity

propensidad o tendencia natural
Meaning
An inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way.
Example
He has a propensity for taking risks in business.
Él tiene una propensidad por asumir riesgos en los negocios.
C1 adjective /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

physiological

relacionado con las funciones y actividades corporales
Meaning
Relating to bodily functions and activities.
Example
Exercise improves physiological functions of the body.
El ejercicio mejora las funciones fisiológicas del cuerpo.
C1 verb /ˌpoʊstˈdeɪt/

postdate

poner una fecha posterior
Meaning
To assign a date later than the actual date to a document or event.
Example
She postdated the check to next month.
Ella postdató el cheque para el próximo mes.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrɡəˌtɔːri/

purgatory

un lugar o estado de sufrimiento habitado por las almas de los pecadores que expían sus pecados antes de ir al cielo
Meaning
A place or state of suffering inhabited by the souls of sinners who are expiating their sins before going to heaven; a temporary condition of torment or suffering.
Example
After the accident, the long recovery felt like a kind of purgatory.
Después del accidente, la larga recuperación se sintió como una especie de purgatorio.
C1 verb /ˈprɒfəsaɪ/

prophesy

profetizar
Meaning
to state or predict that something will happen in the future, especially as if divinely inspired
Example
The monk prophesied that peace would return to the land.
El monje profetizó que la paz regresaría a la tierra.
C1 adjective /ˈpɒlɪtɪk/

politic

astuto, prudente
Meaning
shrewd, prudent, or tactful in practical matters
Example
It was politic of him to remain silent during the argument.
Fue astuto de su parte permanecer en silencio durante la discusión.
C1 noun /ˌsaɪkoʊˈθɛrəpi/

psychotherapy

psicoterapia
Meaning
The treatment of mental disorder by psychological rather than medical means.
Example
She attended weekly psychotherapy sessions to cope with her anxiety.
Ella asistió a sesiones semanales de psicoterapia para lidiar con su ansiedad.
C1 noun /pɒˈstɛrɪti/

posterity

posteridad
Meaning
All future generations of people.
Example
The monument was built for the benefit of posterity.
El monumento fue construido para el beneficio de la posteridad.
C1 noun prəˈfaʊnd ɪˈnɪʃətɪv

profound initiative

iniciativa profunda
Meaning
A deep, meaningful, and significant action or program designed to create change.
Example
A profound initiative can create sustainable changes.
Una iniciativa profunda puede crear cambios sostenibles.
C1 noun /pluːm/

plume

una gran pluma suave o algo que se asemeje a una pluma
Meaning
a large, soft feather or something resembling a feather
Example
The soldier wore a red plume on his helmet.
El soldado llevaba una pluma roja en su casco.
C1 adjective /ˈpen.ɪ.ləs/

Penniless

sin dinero; extremadamente pobre; completamente sin fondos
Meaning
having no money; extremely poor; completely without funds
Example
After losing his job, he became penniless.
Después de perder su trabajo, se quedó sin dinero.
C1 noun /ˈpɒp.i siːdz/

Poppy Seeds

semillas de amapola
Meaning
tiny round seeds from the poppy plant used as a spice or garnish in cooking
Example
Poppy seeds are sprinkled on top of breads and used in Bengali curries.
Las semillas de amapola se espolvorean sobre el pan y se usan en curris bengalíes.
C1 adjective /ˌfɪl.ænˈθrɒp.ɪk/

philanthropic

filantrópico
Meaning
showing concern for the welfare of others; generous and charitable
Example
She is known for her philanthropic activities in the city.
Es conocida por sus actividades filantrópicas en la ciudad.
C1 adjective /prəˈlɪf.ɪk/

prolific

prolífico
Meaning
Present in large numbers or quantities; plentiful; producing many works, results, or offspring.
Example
The author is prolific, having written over 30 books.
El autor es prolífico, ha escrito más de 30 libros.
C1 adjective /ˈpʊʃi/

pushy

insistente
Meaning
excessively assertive or aggressive, often annoyingly so
Example
The salesperson was too pushy, which drove customers away.
El vendedor era demasiado insistente, lo que alejó a los clientes.
C1 adjective /pəˈrɪfərəl/

peripheral

periférico
Meaning
Relating to or situated on the edge or outer parts of something.
Example
The town is located on the peripheral area of the city.
La ciudad está situada en el área periférica de la ciudad.
C1 noun /prəˈpoʊnənt/

proponent

defensor, proponente
Meaning
a person who advocates for or supports a particular idea, cause, or plan
Example
She is a strong proponent of renewable energy.
Ella es una fuerte defensora de la energía renovable.
C1 noun /plæsˈtɪsəti/

plasticity

plasticidad, capacidad de adaptarse
Meaning
the quality of being easily shaped or molded; adaptability
Example
The brain's plasticity allows it to adapt after injury.
La plasticidad del cerebro le permite adaptarse después de una lesión.
C1 noun /ˈpɑːrlər/

parlor

salón, tienda
Meaning
A sitting room in a private house, or a shop providing specified services.
Example
They welcomed the guests into the front parlor.
Recibieron a los invitados en el salón principal.
C1 adjective pərˈnɪʃəs

pernicious

perjudicial, nocivo
Meaning
Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.
Example
The pernicious effects of smoking are well-documented.
Los efectos perjudiciales del fumar están bien documentados.
C1 adjective /priːˈɛmɪnənt/

preeminent

preeminente
Meaning
Surpassing all others; very distinguished in some way.
Example
She is a preeminent scientist in the field of genetics.
Ella es una científica preeminente en el campo de la genética.
C1 adverb /pɜːr ˈseɪ/

per se

por sí mismo
Meaning
By or in itself; intrinsically.
Example
The idea is not bad per se, but it needs improvement.
La idea no es mala por sí mismo, pero necesita mejora.
C1 noun /ˌprɑːfɪˈtɪr/

profiteer

especulador
Meaning
a person who makes excessive profits, especially unfairly or illegally
Example
The government punished war profiteers.
El gobierno castigó a los especuladores de la guerra.
C1 noun /ˈpɛsəl/

pestle

pistilo
Meaning
A heavy tool with a rounded end used for crushing or grinding substances in a mortar.
Example
She used a pestle to grind the spices.
Ella usó un pistilo para moler las especias.
C1 adjective /prəˈfjuːs/

profuse

profuso
Meaning
existing or given in large amounts; abundant
Example
He offered profuse thanks for their timely help.
Él ofreció abundantes gracias por su ayuda oportuna.
C1 adjective /ˌsaɪkəˈpæθɪk/

psychopathic

psicópata
Meaning
Relating to or affected by psychopathy; showing chronic mental disorder with abnormal or violent behavior.
Example
The film portrayed a psychopathic killer with no sense of empathy.
La película retrataba a un asesino psicópata sin ningún sentido de empatía.
C1 noun prɪˈsɪʒ.ən ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃər

precision agriculture

agricultura de precisión
Meaning
The technique of conducting agricultural work using advanced technology.
Example
Precision agriculture optimizes resource use and increases efficiency.
La agricultura de precisión optimiza el uso de los recursos y aumenta la eficiencia.
C1 adjective /ˌpæθəˈdʒɛnɪk/

pathogenic

patógeno
Meaning
Capable of causing disease.
Example
Some bacteria are harmless, while others are highly pathogenic.
Algunas bacterias son inofensivas, mientras que otras son altamente patógenas.
C1 adjective /ˈprɪnsəpəld/

principled

principista
Meaning
acting in accordance with moral or ethical standards
Example
He is a principled leader who always puts honesty first.
Él es un líder principista que siempre pone la honestidad primero.
C1 adjective /ˈpraɪ.məl/

primal

primitivo, esencial
Meaning
Relating to the earliest stage of development; essential or fundamental.
Example
Fear is one of the most primal emotions humans experience.
El miedo es una de las emociones más primarias que los humanos experimentan.
C1 adjective /prəˈvoʊkɪŋ/

Provoking

provocador
Meaning
causing anger or strong reaction; irritating; stimulating
Example
His provoking comments made everyone angry.
Sus comentarios provocadores hicieron que todos se enojaran.
C1 noun /ˈpʌndɪt/

pundit

experto
Meaning
An expert in a particular subject or field who is frequently called upon to give opinions to the public.
Example
Political pundits debated the election results on television.
Los pundits políticos debatieron sobre los resultados de las elecciones en la televisión.
C1 noun /ˈpraɪməsi/

primacy

primacía
Meaning
the state of being first in importance or authority
Example
The primacy of education cannot be denied.
La primacía de la educación no puede ser negada.
C1 noun /ˈpɛdəstəl/

pedestal

base / pedestal
Meaning
the base or support on which a statue or object stands
Example
The statue was placed on a marble pedestal.
La estatua fue colocada sobre un pedestal de mármol.
C1 noun /ˈpɪɡmənt/

pigment

pigmento
Meaning
a natural or artificial substance used to give color to something
Example
The artist mixed different pigments to create the perfect shade of blue.
El artista mezcló diferentes pigmentos para crear el tono perfecto de azul.
C1 adverb /ˈpiːs.miːl/

Piecemeal

fragmentado; en pedazos
Meaning
done or made gradually, one piece at a time; fragmentary; unsystematic
Example
The renovation was done piecemeal over several years due to budget constraints.
La renovación se hizo poco a poco durante varios años debido a las restricciones presupuestarias.
C1 noun /ˈprəʊsiːdz/

proceeds

ingresos
Meaning
money obtained from an event, activity, or sale
Example
The proceeds from the charity event were donated to the orphanage.
Los ingresos del evento benéfico fueron donados al orfanato.
C1 adjective /ˌpærəˈdɒksɪkəl/

paradoxical

paradójico
Meaning
Seemingly contradictory or opposed to common sense, yet possibly true.
Example
It is paradoxical that standing is often more tiring than walking.
Es paradójico que estar de pie sea a menudo más cansado que caminar.
C1 adjective /praɪˈmɔːrdiəl/

primordial

primordial
Meaning
Existing at or from the beginning of time; fundamental and original.
Example
Scientists study the primordial soup from which life emerged.
Los científicos estudian la sopa primordial de la que surgió la vida.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊdiətrɪst/

podiatrist

podólogo
Meaning
a doctor specializing in foot care
Example
I have an appointment with the podiatrist for my ankle pain.
Tengo una cita con el podólogo para el dolor de tobillo.
C1 verb /priːn/

preen

arreglarse
Meaning
To groom or dress oneself with care; to show pride in one's appearance.
Example
She preened in front of the mirror before leaving for the party.
Ella se arregló frente al espejo antes de salir para la fiesta.
C1 noun ˈpɛd.ə.ɡɒ.dʒi

pedagogy

pedagogía
Meaning
The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept.
Example
Modern pedagogy focuses on student-centered learning.
La pedagogía moderna se centra en el aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante.
C1 noun/verb ˈpɪv.ət

pivot

cambio estratégico, eje, cambio de proceso
Meaning
A significant change in business strategy or direction.
Example
The company decided to pivot its business strategy.
La compañía decidió cambiar su estrategia empresarial.
C1 adjective /prɪm/

prim

excesivamente formal o correcto
Meaning
stiffly formal and proper in appearance or behavior
Example
She looked prim in her neatly pressed dress.
Ella se veía prim en su vestido bien planchado.
C1 verb /ˈpɑːzɪt/

posit

postular
Meaning
To assume or suggest something as a fact or basis for reasoning.
Example
The scientist posited a new theory to explain the phenomenon.
El científico postuló una nueva teoría para explicar el fenómeno.
C1 verb /ˈpleɪdʒəraɪz/

plagiarize

plagiar
Meaning
to take someone else's work or ideas and present them as your own
Example
He was warned not to plagiarize his friend's essay.
Se le advirtió que no plagiara el ensayo de su amigo.
C1 noun /ˌpɪɡ.menˈteɪ.ʃən/

pigmentation

pigmentación
Meaning
The natural coloring of animal or plant tissue.
Example
Excessive rubbing can cause pigmentation issues.
El frotamiento excesivo puede causar problemas de pigmentación.
C1 adjective /ˈpæl.ə.tə.bəl/

palatable

agradable
Meaning
pleasant or acceptable to the taste, mind, or feelings
Example
The meal was simple but quite palatable.
La comida era sencilla pero bastante agradable.
C1 noun /pɪˈtaɪə/

Pitaya / Dragon fruit

fruta del dragón
Meaning
a tropical fruit with bright pink or red skin and white flesh speckled with black seeds
Example
The pitaya has a mild, sweet flavor and a unique appearance.
La pitaya tiene un sabor suave y dulce y una apariencia única.
C1 noun, adjective /ˌpəʊstˈmɔːtəm/

postmortem

autopsia
Meaning
An examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death.
Example
The doctor carried out a postmortem on the body.
El doctor realizó una autopsia al cuerpo.
C1 noun /ˈpleɪn.tɪf/

Plaintiff

demandante
Meaning
a person who brings a case against another in a court of law; the person who initiates a lawsuit
Example
The plaintiff filed a lawsuit against the company.
El demandante presentó una demanda contra la empresa.
C1 adjective /pərˈsɛptɪv/

perceptive

felicidad
Meaning
Having or showing keen insight, understanding, or awareness.
Example
She is very perceptive and quickly notices when something is wrong.
Ella no podía ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 verb /pərˈplɛks/

perplex

desconcertar / confundir
Meaning
To confuse or puzzle someone.
Example
The complex instructions perplexed the students.
Las instrucciones complejas desconcertaron a los estudiantes.
C1 noun /pərˈvɜr.sə.ti/

Perversity

perversidad; obstinación;
Meaning
deliberate determination to behave in an unreasonable or unacceptable way; the quality of being contrary or obstinate
Example
His perversity in refusing help frustrated everyone.
su perversidad al rechazar ayuda frustró a todos.
C1 verb /ˈpɪlɪdʒ/

pillage

saquear
Meaning
to rob or plunder a place, especially during war
Example
The invading army pillaged the village and took all valuables.
El ejército invasor saqueó la aldea y se llevó todas las cosas valiosas.
C1 adjective /prɪˈtɛnʃəs/

pretentious

pretencioso
Meaning
Attempting to impress by affecting greater importance, talent, culture, etc., than is actually possessed.
Example
The restaurant was stylish but far too pretentious for my taste.
El restaurante era elegante, pero demasiado pretencioso para mi gusto.
C1 noun /ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃/

penchant

inclinación
Meaning
a strong or habitual liking for something or tendency to do something
Example
She has a penchant for collecting rare books.
Ella tiene una inclinación por coleccionar libros raros.
C1 verb /prəˈkjʊər/

procure

conseguir
Meaning
to obtain something, especially with effort or difficulty
Example
They managed to procure enough supplies for the expedition.
Ellos lograron conseguir suficientes suministros para la expedición.
C1 noun /ˈpriːˌkɜrsər/

precursor

precursor
Meaning
Something or someone that comes before another and indicates the approach of something else.
Example
The steam engine was a precursor to modern trains.
El motor a vapor fue un precursor de los trenes modernos.
C1 verb /piːv/

peeve

fastidiar
Meaning
To annoy or irritate someone.
Example
His constant interruptions really peeve me.
Sus constantes interrupciones realmente me fastidian.
C1 noun /ˌprəʊˈæk.tɪv ˈliː.də.ʃɪp/

proactive leadership

liderazgo proactivo
Meaning
Leadership that takes initiative and anticipates problems before they occur, rather than reacting to events.
Example
Proactive leadership ensures timely decisions.
El liderazgo proactivo asegura decisiones oportunas.
C1 noun ˌpraɪɔːrɪtaɪˈzeɪʃən

prioritization

priorización
Meaning
The action or process of deciding the relative importance or urgency of things.
Example
Effective prioritization ensures resources are used efficiently.
Una priorización efectiva asegura que los recursos se utilicen de manera eficiente.
C1 noun /prɪˈzʌmp.ʃən/

Presumption

presunción; suposición;
Meaning
an idea that is taken to be true without proof
Example
There is a presumption of innocence in the legal system.
Hay una presunción de inocencia en el sistema legal.
C1 noun /ˈpærəbl/

parable

parable
Meaning
A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson.
Example
Jesus often taught using a parable to convey deeper truths.
Jesús a menudo enseñaba usando una parábola para transmitir verdades más profundas.
C1 noun /pəˈfjuː.mər.i/

perfumery

industria de perfumes
Meaning
the art, business, or products of making perfumes
Example
She works in a perfumery that creates luxury scents.
Ella trabaja en una perfumería que crea aromas de lujo.
C1 noun /ˈpəʊstˌskrɪpt/

postscript

posdata
Meaning
an additional remark at the end of a letter or text, after the signature
Example
She added a brief postscript to thank him again.
Ella añadió una breve posdata para darle las gracias nuevamente.
C1 noun /pɪˌdɛs.tri.ə.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

pedestrianization

peatonalización
Meaning
Making areas pedestrian-friendly, closing any area to vehicle traffic and making it open only for pedestrians.
Example
The pedestrianization of city centers reduces pollution.
La peatonalización de los centros urbanos reduce la contaminación.
C1 verb /proʊˈtruːd/

protrude

sobresalir
Meaning
To stick out or extend beyond a surface.
Example
A nail was protruding from the wooden board.
Un clavo sobresalía desde la tabla de madera.
C1 noun/verb /pɔːr/

pore

poros / estudiar cuidadosamente
Meaning
As a noun: a tiny opening in the skin or surface. As a verb: to study something carefully.
Example
She pored over the documents for hours before making a decision.
Ella estudió los documentos durante horas antes de tomar una decisión.
C1 noun /pəˈθɒlədʒi/

pathology

patología
Meaning
the scientific study of diseases, their causes, processes, and effects on the body
Example
Advances in pathology helped the doctors identify the rare infection quickly.
Los avances en patología ayudaron a los médicos a identificar rápidamente la rara infección.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪər.ləs/

Peerless

incomparable; sin igual; sin rival
Meaning
unequaled; having no match or equal; without rival
Example
Her peerless beauty captivated everyone.
Su belleza incomparable cautivó a todos.
C1 adjective /ˈprɪvi/

privy

conocimiento secreto
Meaning
having access to secret or private knowledge
Example
She was privy to the confidential discussions.
Ella estaba al tanto de las discusiones confidenciales.
C1 noun /pərˈvɜːrʒən/

perversion

perversión
Meaning
The act of distorting or corrupting the original meaning, purpose, or state of something.
Example
The regime’s censorship was seen as a perversion of free speech.
La censura del régimen se consideró una perversión de la libertad de expresión.
C1 adjective /prɪˈsɪpɪtəs/

precipitous

empinado o repentino
Meaning
Extremely steep or sudden; done quickly without careful consideration.
Example
The hikers struggled to climb the precipitous slope.
Los excursionistas lucharon por subir la pendiente empinada.
C1 noun /saɪˈkoʊsɪs/

psychosis

psicosis
Meaning
A severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are impaired, leading to a loss of contact with reality.
Example
The patient was diagnosed with psychosis after experiencing hallucinations.
El paciente fue diagnosticado con psicosis después de experimentar alucinaciones.
C1 noun /ˌpɜːrmjuˈteɪʃən/

permutation

permutación
Meaning
An arrangement or reordering of elements, often in mathematics or logic.
Example
The puzzle can be solved by trying all possible permutations of the tiles.
El rompecabezas se puede resolver probando todas las permutaciones posibles de las piezas.
C1 adjective /ˈplʌk.i/

plucky

valiente
Meaning
having or showing courage and determination
Example
The plucky child rescued the kitten from the tree.
El niño valiente rescató al gatito del árbol.
C1 adjective ˌprɒb.ə.bɪˈlɪs.tɪk

probabilistic

basado en probabilidad
Meaning
Based on probability; involving chance or statistical likelihood.
Example
The model follows a probabilistic approach to predictions.
El modelo sigue un enfoque probabilístico para las predicciones.