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C1 noun /ˈpɛrəntɪdʒ/

parentage

linaje
Meaning
The identity and origins of one's parents; descent or lineage.
Example
Her noble parentage gave her access to the royal court.
Su noble linaje le dio acceso a la corte real.
C1 noun /ˈpɛdlər/

peddler

vendedor ambulante
Meaning
a person who sells goods, often traveling from place to place
Example
The peddler walked through the village selling fresh fruits.
El vendedor ambulante caminaba por el pueblo vendiendo frutas frescas.
C1 adjective /ˈpɛnɪtənt/

penitent

arrepentido
Meaning
Feeling or showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong.
Example
She was penitent after shouting at her friend.
Ella estaba arrepentida después de gritarle a su amiga.
C1 noun /ˈpæʃ.ən ˌflaʊ.ər/

Passion flower

flor de la pasión
Meaning
A climbing plant with intricate, colorful flowers; also refers to royal poinciana tree with red-orange blooms
Example
The passion flower vine covered the garden wall with beautiful blooms.
La vid de la flor de la pasión cubrió la pared del jardín con hermosas flores.
C1 noun /ˈpleɪn.tɪf/

Plaintiff

demandante
Meaning
a person who brings a case against another in a court of law; the person who initiates a lawsuit
Example
The plaintiff filed a lawsuit against the company.
El demandante presentó una demanda contra la empresa.
C1 noun /ˌpɑːrʃiˈæləti/

partiality

parcialidad
Meaning
an unfair preference or bias toward one side or person
Example
The judge was criticized for showing partiality in the case.
El juez fue criticado por mostrar parcialidad en el caso.
C1 verb /priːˈɒkjʊpaɪ/

preoccupy

preocupar, obsesionar
Meaning
To dominate or engross the mind of someone to the exclusion of other thoughts.
Example
Worries about the future preoccupy him constantly.
Las preocupaciones sobre el futuro lo ocupan constantemente.
C1 adjective /pæˈseɪ/

passe

anticuado; fuera de moda
Meaning
no longer fashionable or current; out of date
Example
Some trends from last decade feel utterly passé now.
Algunas tendencias de la última década ahora parecen completamente anticuadas.
C1 adjective /ˈpælpəbl̩/

palpable

felicidad
Meaning
easily perceived or felt; so intense as to seem almost tangible
Example
There was a palpable sense of excitement in the room.
No pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 verb /ˈpʌməl/

pummel

aporrear
Meaning
To strike repeatedly with the fists; to beat or hit forcefully.
Example
The boxer pummeled his opponent in the final round.
El boxeador aporreó a su oponente en la ronda final.
C1 adjective /pərˈvɜːrs/

perverse

perverso
Meaning
showing a deliberate desire to behave in a way that is unreasonable, contrary, or unacceptable
Example
He took a perverse pleasure in upsetting his colleagues.
Él tomó un placer perverso al molestar a sus compañeros.
C1 adjective /pərˈveɪsɪv/

pervasive

pervasivo
Meaning
Existing in or spreading through every part of something
Example
Pervasive technology has become a fundamental part of daily life.
La tecnología pervasiva se ha convertido en una parte fundamental de la vida diaria.
C1 noun /ˈsaɪkiː/

psyche

alma / mente
Meaning
the human soul, mind, or spirit
Example
The novel explores the depths of the human psyche.
La novela explora las profundidades de la psique humana.
C1 noun /ˈpraɪ.mər/ (US), /ˈprɪm.ər/ (UK)

primer

libro introductorio, imprimación
Meaning
A basic introductory book or a substance used to prepare a surface for painting.
Example
He read a primer on programming before starting his course.
Él leyó un libro introductorio sobre programación antes de comenzar su curso.
C1 noun /ˌpɒl.iˈtek.nɪk/

polytechnic

politécnico
Meaning
an educational institution offering practical and technical courses
Example
She studied engineering at a well-known polytechnic in her city.
Estudió ingeniería en un politécnico bien conocido en su ciudad.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.əs/

Piteous

lastimoso; compasivo
Meaning
deserving pity; arousing compassion
Example
The piteous cries of the injured animal moved everyone to tears.
Los lastimosos gritos del animal herido movieron a todos a lágrimas.
C1 noun /ˈplez.ən.tri/

Pleasantry

cortesía
Meaning
a remark made in order to be polite or friendly; light conversation or jokes
Example
They exchanged pleasantries before the meeting began.
Intercambiaron cortesías antes de que comenzara la reunión.
C1 noun /pərˈvɜːrʒən/

perversion

perversión
Meaning
The act of distorting or corrupting the original meaning, purpose, or state of something.
Example
The regime’s censorship was seen as a perversion of free speech.
La censura del régimen se consideró una perversión de la libertad de expresión.
C1 noun /pərˈveɪər/

purveyor

proveedor
Meaning
a person or business that supplies goods, services, or information
Example
He is a well-known purveyor of fine wines.
Es un conocido proveedor de vinos finos.
C1 verb /ˈpærəlaɪz/

paralyze

paralizar
Meaning
to cause someone or something to lose the ability to move or function normally
Example
The sudden shock seemed to paralyze him.
El choque repentino parecía paralizarlo.
C1 noun ˌprəʊ.baɪˈɒt.ɪk

probiotic

bacterias saludables
Meaning
Live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts.
Example
Yogurt is a natural source of probiotics that aid digestion.
El yogur es una fuente natural de probióticos que ayudan a la digestión.
C1 noun /ˈpʌndɪt/

pundit

experto
Meaning
An expert in a particular subject or field who is frequently called upon to give opinions to the public.
Example
Political pundits debated the election results on television.
Los pundits políticos debatieron sobre los resultados de las elecciones en la televisión.
C1 noun /ˈprɒksi/

proxy

representante
Meaning
A person authorized to act on behalf of another; a substitute.
Example
She voted by proxy at the meeting.
Ella votó por proxy en la reunión.
C1 noun /pʌnˈdʒɑː.bi/

Punjabi

punyabi
Meaning
a traditional long shirt worn in South Asia, typically loose-fitting
Example
He wore a white punjabi for the festival celebration.
Él usó un punyabi blanco para la celebración del festival.
C1 noun /ˈpluː.mɪdʒ/

plumage

plumaje
Meaning
the feathers covering a bird's body
Example
The peacock's plumage was vibrant and eye-catching.
El plumaje del pavo real era vibrante y llamativo.
C1 noun /ˈprɒspɛktər/

prospector

buscador de minerales
Meaning
a person who searches for mineral deposits, especially gold
Example
The prospector spent years in the mountains searching for gold.
El prospector pasó años en las montañas buscando oro.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊʃən/

potion

poción
Meaning
a liquid with healing, magical, or poisonous properties
Example
The witch gave the hero a healing potion.
La bruja le dio al héroe una poción curativa.
C1 verb /prəˈkjʊər/

procure

conseguir
Meaning
to obtain something, especially with effort or difficulty
Example
They managed to procure enough supplies for the expedition.
Ellos lograron conseguir suficientes suministros para la expedición.
C1 noun /ˈproʊbeɪt/

probate

prueba testamentaria
Meaning
the official proving of a will in a court of law
Example
The family had to go through probate after his death.
La familia tuvo que pasar por el proceso de prueba testamentaria después de su muerte.
C1 adjective /ˈpæl.ə.tə.bəl/

palatable

agradable
Meaning
pleasant or acceptable to the taste, mind, or feelings
Example
The meal was simple but quite palatable.
La comida era sencilla pero bastante agradable.
C1 noun ˈfeɪz.aʊt

phase-out

eliminación gradual
Meaning
A gradual reduction and eventual elimination of something.
Example
A phase-out of fossil fuels was agreed upon.
Se acordó la eliminación gradual de los combustibles fósiles.
C1 noun /fɪˈziːk/

physique

físico
Meaning
the form, size, and development of a person's body
Example
He has an athletic physique due to years of training.
Él tiene una constitución atlética debido a años de entrenamiento.
C1 noun /saɪˈkoʊsɪs/

psychosis

psicosis
Meaning
A severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are impaired, leading to a loss of contact with reality.
Example
The patient was diagnosed with psychosis after experiencing hallucinations.
El paciente fue diagnosticado con psicosis después de experimentar alucinaciones.
C1 noun /ˈpɒpjʊləs/

populace

población
Meaning
the general public; the ordinary people living in a country or area
Example
The new law was welcomed by the local populace.
La nueva ley fue bienvenida por la población local.
C1 noun /ˈpeɪθɒs/

pathos

patos
Meaning
a quality in speech, writing, or events that evokes pity or deep emotion
Example
The documentary balanced pathos with hope, making the audience both weep and think.
El documental equilibró el pathos con la esperanza, haciendo que la audiencia llorara y pensara.
C1 noun /ˌprəʊ.baɪˈɒt.ɪks/

probiotics

probióticos
Meaning
Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host, especially for digestive health.
Example
Probiotics improve digestion and enhance gut health.
Los probióticos mejoran la digestión y promueven la salud intestinal.
C1 noun /ˈpaɪ.ə.ti/

Piety

piedad
Meaning
the quality of being religious or reverent; devout religious belief and practice
Example
His piety was evident in his daily prayers.
Su piedad era evidente en sus oraciones diarias.
C1 verb /prəˈlɪf.ə.reɪt/

proliferate

proliferar
Meaning
To increase rapidly in numbers; to grow or spread quickly and extensively.
Example
Startups tend to proliferate in a thriving economy.
Las startups tienden a proliferar en una economía próspera.
C1 noun,verb /pleɪt/

plait

trenza
Meaning
a braid of hair or straw; to braid
Example
She decided to plait her hair before the party.
Ella decidió trenzarse el cabello antes de la fiesta.
C1 verb /ˈpɪlɪdʒ/

pillage

saquear
Meaning
to rob or plunder a place, especially during war
Example
The invading army pillaged the village and took all valuables.
El ejército invasor saqueó la aldea y se llevó todas las cosas valiosas.
C1 adjective ˌprɒb.ə.bɪˈlɪs.tɪk

probabilistic

basado en probabilidad
Meaning
Based on probability; involving chance or statistical likelihood.
Example
The model follows a probabilistic approach to predictions.
El modelo sigue un enfoque probabilístico para las predicciones.
C1 verb /ˈprɒpəɡeɪt/

propagate

propagar
Meaning
To spread or transmit an idea, belief, or information widely; also to reproduce in plants or animals.
Example
Scientists work to propagate the species in captivity.
Los científicos trabajan para propagar las especies en cautiverio.
C1 noun /ˈpriː.tekst/

Pretext

pretexto
Meaning
a reason given in justification of a course of action that is not the real reason
Example
He used illness as a pretext to avoid the meeting.
Usó la enfermedad como pretexto para evitar la reunión.
C1 adjective /ˈpriːmə/

prima

principal, excelente
Meaning
first or most important; excellent
Example
She was treated as the prima ballerina of the troupe.
Ella fue tratada como la prima bailarina del grupo.
C1 verb /ˌpriːdɪˈtɜːrmɪn/

predetermine

predeterminar
Meaning
to establish or decide something in advance
Example
The outcome of the match seemed predetermined.
El resultado del partido parecía predeterminado.
C1 noun /ˌtɛrəˈdæktɪl/

pterodactyl

reptil volador extinto
Meaning
An extinct flying reptile of the Jurassic period, with a long slender head and wings formed by a membrane stretching along the body.
Example
The museum displayed a fossil of a giant pterodactyl.
El museo exhibió un fósil de un pterodáctilo gigante.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.kiːt/

Parakeet

periquito
Meaning
a small colorful parrot with a long tail, often kept as a pet
Example
The green parakeet learned to say hello.
El periquito verde aprendió a decir hola.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.saɪt/

Parasite

parásito
Meaning
an organism that lives on or in another organism and benefits at its expense; a person who depends on others
Example
The dog was treated for intestinal parasites.
El perro fue tratado para parásitos intestinales.
C1 verb /prɪˈzaɪd/

preside

presidir
Meaning
to be in charge of a meeting, event, or organization
Example
She will preside over the meeting tomorrow.
Ella presidirá la reunión mañana.
C1 noun /pəˈraɪə/

pariah

paria
Meaning
An outcast; someone who is rejected by society or a social group.
Example
After the scandal, he became a social pariah.
Después del escándalo, se convirtió en un paria social.
C1 noun /pɒˈstɛrɪti/

posterity

posteridad
Meaning
All future generations of people.
Example
The monument was built for the benefit of posterity.
El monumento fue construido para el beneficio de la posteridad.
C1 noun /ˈprɒvɪdəns/

providence

providencia divina
Meaning
the protective care of God or nature as a spiritual power; foresight or prudence
Example
They believed their survival was due to divine providence.
Creían que su supervivencia se debía a la providencia divina.
C1 noun /ˈplæn.teɪn ˈflaʊ.ər/

Plantain flower

flor de plátano
Meaning
The flower bud of a banana plant, used as a vegetable in cooking
Example
We cooked plantain flower curry for dinner.
Cocinamos curry de flor de plátano para la cena.
C1 adjective /pləˈtɒnɪk/

platonic

platónico
Meaning
relating to a close relationship that is not romantic or sexual
Example
They have a platonic friendship that has lasted for years.
Tienen una amistad platónica que ha durado años.
C1 noun /pɔl/

Pall

paño que se coloca sobre un ataúd; una capa oscura que crea una atmósfera sombría
Meaning
a cloth spread over a coffin; a dark covering that creates a gloomy atmosphere
Example
A pall of smoke hung over the burning building.
Una capa de humo colgaba sobre el edificio en llamas.
C1 adjective /pərˈsɛptəbl̩/

perceptible

perceptible
Meaning
Able to be noticed or recognized by the senses or the mind.
Example
There was a perceptible change in the atmosphere.
Hubo un cambio perceptible en la atmósfera.
C1 adjective /ˈpræk.tɪ.kə.bəl/

practicable

practicable
Meaning
able to be done or put into practice successfully
Example
The plan is not practicable without more resources.
El plan no es práctico sin más recursos.
C1 noun /pərˈvɜr.sə.ti/

Perversity

perversidad; obstinación;
Meaning
deliberate determination to behave in an unreasonable or unacceptable way; the quality of being contrary or obstinate
Example
His perversity in refusing help frustrated everyone.
su perversidad al rechazar ayuda frustró a todos.
C1 noun proʊˈæktɪv ˈseɪvɪŋ

proactive saving

ahorro proactivo
Meaning
Actively planning and setting aside money in advance to prepare for future financial needs
Example
Proactive saving ensures financial stability in old age.
El ahorro proactivo asegura la estabilidad financiera en la vejez.
C1 noun /ˈprəʊ.lɒɡ/

prologue

prólogo
Meaning
an introduction to a book, play, or event
Example
The novel begins with a short prologue set in the past.
La novela comienza con un corto prólogo establecido en el pasado.
C1 noun /ˈpiːɒn/

peon

peón
Meaning
a low-ranking worker, often performing menial tasks
Example
The office peon delivered the files to each department.
El peón de la oficina entregó los archivos a cada departamento.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrkəleɪtər/

percolator

percolador de café
Meaning
A device used for brewing coffee by continually cycling boiling water through coffee grounds.
Example
She made a fresh pot of coffee using the percolator.
Hizo una taza fresca de café utilizando el percolador.
C1 noun prəˈtɛk.ʃə.nɪ.zəm

protectionism

proteccionismo
Meaning
The theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports.
Example
The government's protectionism helped local businesses grow.
El proteccionismo del gobierno ayudó a las empresas locales a crecer.
C1 adjective /ˈplɒd.ɪŋ/

plodding

lento y aburrido
Meaning
slow-moving and unexciting; showing steady effort
Example
The movie was entertaining but a bit plodding in the middle.
La película fue entretenida, pero un poco lenta y aburrida en el medio.
C1 noun /ˈpraɪ.meɪt/

primate

primate, animal de la familia de los monos
Meaning
A member of the group of animals including humans, apes, and monkeys.
Example
Humans are classified as primates.
Los humanos están clasificados como primates.
C1 verb /ˌpriːˈmɛdɪteɪt/

premeditate

premeditar
Meaning
to think about and plan something (especially a crime) beforehand
Example
The suspect was accused of premeditating the crime.
El sospechoso fue acusado de premeditar el crimen.
C1 noun /ˌpɜː.mɪˈæbɪlɪti/

permeability

permeabilidad, la calidad o estado de ser permeable, permitiendo que los líquidos o gases pasen a través
Meaning
The quality or state of being permeable; allowing liquids or gases to pass through.
Example
The permeability of the soil affects water retention.
La permeabilidad del suelo afecta la retención de agua.
C1 noun ˌpraɪ.vɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

privatization

privatización
Meaning
The transfer of a business, industry, or service from public to private ownership and control.
Example
The privatization of state-owned companies increased efficiency.
La privatización de las empresas estatales aumentó la eficiencia.
C1 verb /ˈpeɪtrənaɪz/

patronize

patrocinar
Meaning
to treat someone in a condescending way; to be a regular customer of a business
Example
Don't patronize me with your fake sympathy.
No me trates con condescendencia con tu simpatía falsa.
C1 noun /poʊˈlær.ɪ.ti/

polarity

polaridad
Meaning
the state of having two opposite or contradictory tendencies, opinions, or aspects
Example
The polarity between the two political parties is growing stronger.
La polaridad entre los dos partidos políticos está creciendo.
C1 verb /piːk/

pique

despertar
Meaning
to stimulate interest or curiosity; to arouse resentment or anger
Example
Her remarks piqued his curiosity about the secret project.
Sus comentarios despertaron su curiosidad sobre el proyecto secreto.
C1 noun /plʊəˈrælɪti/

plurality

pluralidad o mayoría
Meaning
the state of being multiple; the greater part or majority
Example
In the election, she won by a plurality of votes.
En la elección, ella ganó por una pluralidad de votos.
C1 adjective /ˈpjuː.nɪ.tɪv/

punitive

punitivo
Meaning
Inflicting or intended as punishment.
Example
The company faced punitive measures for violating the law.
La empresa enfrentó medidas punitivas por violar la ley.
C1 adjective /ˈplaɪəbəl/

pliable

flexible
Meaning
easily bent or flexible; adaptable
Example
The metal is pliable enough to be shaped into jewelry.
El metal es lo suficientemente flexible como para ser moldeado en joyas.
C1 noun /ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm/

plagiarism

plagio
Meaning
the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own
Example
The student was expelled for committing plagiarism in his essay.
El estudiante fue expulsado por cometer plagio en su ensayo.
C1 adjective /ˈpɛtjʊlənt/

petulant

irritable
Meaning
Childishly sulky or bad-tempered.
Example
The child became petulant when denied more candy.
El niño se volvió irritable cuando no le dieron más dulces.
C1 noun /ˌpɒməˈdɔːrəʊ/

pomodoro

pomodoro
Meaning
A time management technique that uses a timer to break down work into intervals.
Example
The Pomodoro technique improves productivity.
La técnica Pomodoro mejora la productividad.
C1 noun /pɜːrl drɒp/

Pearl drop

gota de perla
Meaning
a single pearl used as jewelry, often in earrings or pendants
Example
The elegant pearl drop earrings complemented her outfit perfectly.
Los elegantes pendientes de gota de perla complementaron su atuendo perfectamente.
C1 noun /ˈpræɡmətɪst/

pragmatist

pragmático
Meaning
A person who deals with things in a practical and realistic way.
Example
He is a true pragmatist who values results over ideals.
Él es un verdadero pragmático que valora los resultados más que los ideales.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈpɑːrtɪzən/

partisan

partidario
Meaning
A strong supporter of a party, cause, or person; showing biased allegiance.
Example
The debate quickly turned partisan, with each side defending their own agenda.
El debate rápidamente se volvió partidista, con cada lado defendiendo su propia agenda.
C1 noun /ˈpraɪməsi/

primacy

primacía
Meaning
the state of being first in importance or authority
Example
The primacy of education cannot be denied.
La primacía de la educación no puede ser negada.
C1 adjective + noun ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ ˈmɪʃən

pioneering mission

misión pionera
Meaning
A groundbreaking or innovative undertaking that leads the way in a particular field.
Example
Artemis is a pioneering mission in space exploration.
Artemis es una misión pionera en la exploración espacial.
C1 noun /ˈpɔːsɪti/

paucity

escasez / carencia
Meaning
the presence of something in only small or insufficient quantities
Example
The project was delayed due to a paucity of funds.
El proyecto se retrasó debido a la escasez de fondos.
C1 noun /pəˈθɒlədʒi/

pathology

patología
Meaning
the scientific study of diseases, their causes, processes, and effects on the body
Example
Advances in pathology helped the doctors identify the rare infection quickly.
Los avances en patología ayudaron a los médicos a identificar rápidamente la rara infección.
C1 noun/verb ˈpɪv.ət

pivot

cambio estratégico, eje, cambio de proceso
Meaning
A significant change in business strategy or direction.
Example
The company decided to pivot its business strategy.
La compañía decidió cambiar su estrategia empresarial.
C1 noun /ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθɛtɪk ɪˈfɪʃənsi/

photosynthetic efficiency

eficiencia fotosintética
Meaning
The measure of how effectively plants convert light energy into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis, directly affecting plant growth and crop yield.
Example
Improving photosynthetic efficiency can increase crop yields.
Mejorar la eficiencia fotosintética puede aumentar los rendimientos de los cultivos.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.ə.bəl/

pitiable

lastimoso
Meaning
deserving sympathy or compassion
Example
The stray dog looked pitiable in the rain.
El perro callejero parecía lastimoso bajo la lluvia.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.ləs/

pitiless

despiadado
Meaning
showing no pity or compassion; cruel
Example
The pitiless ruler ignored the suffering of his people.
El gobernante despiadado ignoró el sufrimiento de su pueblo.
C1 adjective /pəˈrɪʒən/

parisian

relacionado con París
Meaning
relating to Paris or its people
Example
She wore a Parisian style dress at the party.
Ella llevaba un vestido de estilo parisiano en la fiesta.
C1 verb /pəˈruːz/

peruse

felicidad
Meaning
to read something carefully and thoroughly; sometimes used to mean to browse casually
Example
She sat down to peruse the contract before signing it.
Ella no podía ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 noun /fɪˈlæn.θrə.pɪst/

philanthropist

filántropo
Meaning
a person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by donating money to good causes
Example
The philanthropist donated millions to build schools in rural areas.
El filántropo donó millones para construir escuelas en áreas rurales.
C1 noun /prɪˈrɒɡətɪv/

prerogative

prerrogativa
Meaning
a special right or privilege exclusive to a particular person or group
Example
It is the manager’s prerogative to make the final decision.
Es prerrogativa del gerente tomar la decisión final.
C1 verb /piːv/

peeve

fastidiar
Meaning
To annoy or irritate someone.
Example
His constant interruptions really peeve me.
Sus constantes interrupciones realmente me fastidian.
C1 verb /præns/

prance

caminar con arrogancia
Meaning
To move with high, springy steps, often to show off or attract attention.
Example
The horse pranced around the field gracefully.
El caballo caminaba orgulloso alrededor del campo.
C1 noun /prəˈpɛlənt/

propellant

propelente
Meaning
A substance that drives or pushes something forward, especially fuel in rockets or engines.
Example
The rocket uses a liquid propellant to launch into space.
El cohete utiliza un propelente líquido para lanzarse al espacio.
C1 noun /ˈpriːˌæmbəl/

preamble

preámbulo
Meaning
a preliminary statement, especially the introduction to a formal document
Example
The preamble of the constitution outlines its guiding principles.
El preámbulo de la constitución describe sus principios fundamentales.
C1 adjective /pəˈrɪfərəl/

peripheral

periférico
Meaning
Relating to or situated on the edge or outer parts of something.
Example
The town is located on the peripheral area of the city.
La ciudad está situada en el área periférica de la ciudad.
C1 adjective /prəˈlɪf.ɪk/

prolific

prolífico
Meaning
Present in large numbers or quantities; plentiful; producing many works, results, or offspring.
Example
The author is prolific, having written over 30 books.
El autor es prolífico, ha escrito más de 30 libros.
C1 noun /pəˈlɪɡ.ə.mi/

Polygamy

poligamia
Meaning
the practice of marrying multiple spouses at the same time
Example
Polygamy is illegal in many countries around the world.
La poligamia es ilegal en muchos países alrededor del mundo.
C1 adjective /prəˈsiːdʒərəl/

procedural

procedimental
Meaning
Relating to an established or official way of doing something; concerned with procedure.
Example
The committee followed the procedural rules strictly.
El comité siguió estrictamente las reglas procedimentales.
C1 verb /ˈpɜːmieɪt/

permeate

permeabilizar, penetrar, extenderse
Meaning
Spread throughout (something); pervade.
Example
The scent of fresh flowers permeated the entire room.
El aroma de las flores frescas permeó toda la habitación.
C1 noun /ˈpɛsəl/

pestle

pistilo
Meaning
A heavy tool with a rounded end used for crushing or grinding substances in a mortar.
Example
She used a pestle to grind the spices.
Ella usó un pistilo para moler las especias.
C1 noun /ˈpetɪkoʊt/

Petti-coat

enagua
Meaning
an undergarment worn by women under a dress or skirt
Example
She wore a white petticoat under her dress.
Ella llevaba un peto blanco debajo de su vestido.
C1 noun /ˌpɜːrspəˈreɪʃn/

perspiration

transpiración
Meaning
The process of sweating.
Example
Heavy exercise causes perspiration.
El ejercicio pesado causa transpiración.
C1 verb /ˈprɪkəl/

prickle

hormiguear
Meaning
to cause a slight stinging or tingling sensation on the skin
Example
Her skin began to prickle in the cold wind.
Su piel comenzó a hormiguear con el viento frío.
C1 noun /ˈpeɪ.ɡən/

Pagan

pagano
Meaning
a person holding religious beliefs other than the main world religions; a heathen
Example
Ancient Romans considered early Christians to be pagans.
Los antiguos romanos consideraban a los primeros cristianos como paganos.
C1 adjective /ˌpɜːrpənˈdɪkjələr/

perpendicular

perpendicular
Meaning
At an angle of 90 degrees to a given line, plane, or surface.
Example
The ladder was placed perpendicular to the ground for safety.
La escalera fue colocada perpendicular al suelo por seguridad.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrdʒəri/

perjury

perjurio
Meaning
The offense of willfully telling an untruth in a court after taking an oath.
Example
She was convicted of perjury after giving false evidence.
Fue condenada por perjurio después de dar pruebas falsas.
C1 verb /ˌpriːdɪˈspoʊz/

predispose

predisponer
Meaning
To make someone more likely to behave in a certain way or be affected by something.
Example
His genetics may predispose him to diabetes.
Sus genes pueden predisponerlo a la diabetes.
C1 noun /ˈpɪk.æks/

Pick-axe

pico
Meaning
a tool with a heavy metal head and long handle used for breaking up hard ground or rock
Example
The miner used a pick-axe to break through the rocky surface.
El minero usó un pico para romper la superficie rocosa.
C1 noun ˈprəʊses stəˈbɪlɪti

process stability

estabilidad del proceso
Meaning
The consistency and steadiness of biological or functional processes
Example
Cold air ensures process stability in plants.
El aire frío asegura la estabilidad del proceso en las plantas.
C1 noun prɪˈzɜː.və.tɪvz

preservatives

conservantes
Meaning
A substance used to preserve foodstuffs, wood, or other materials against decay.
Example
Many processed foods contain harmful preservatives.
Muchos alimentos procesados contienen conservantes dañinos.
C1 noun /prəˈdʒɛktaɪl/

projectile

proyectil
Meaning
An object fired, thrown, or propelled, especially from a weapon.
Example
The soldier dodged the incoming projectile.
El soldado esquivó el proyectil que venía.
C1 verb /pərˈplɛks/

perplex

desconcertar / confundir
Meaning
To confuse or puzzle someone.
Example
The complex instructions perplexed the students.
Las instrucciones complejas desconcertaron a los estudiantes.
C1 noun /ˌpɪɡ.menˈteɪ.ʃən/

pigmentation

pigmentación
Meaning
The natural coloring of animal or plant tissue.
Example
Excessive rubbing can cause pigmentation issues.
El frotamiento excesivo puede causar problemas de pigmentación.
C1 noun prɪˌsɪp.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən

precipitation

precipitación
Meaning
Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to or condenses on the ground.
Example
Annual precipitation levels are decreasing.
Los niveles anuales de precipitación están disminuyendo.
C1 noun /pækt/

Pact

pacto; acuerdo
Meaning
a formal agreement between individuals or parties; a treaty or contract
Example
The two countries signed a peace pact to end the war.
Los dos países firmaron un pacto de paz para terminar la guerra.
C1 verb /praʊl/

prowl

merodear (para cazar o buscar)
Meaning
To move around quietly and secretly, especially while hunting or searching.
Example
The cat prowled around the garden at night.
La gata merodeó alrededor del jardín por la noche.
C1 noun /ˈsuːdənɪm/

pseudonym

seudónimo
Meaning
a fictitious name used by an author instead of their real name
Example
Mark Twain was the pseudonym of Samuel Clemens.
Mark Twain era el seudónimo de Samuel Clemens.
C1 noun /pərˈkʌʃən/

percussion

percusión
Meaning
Musical instruments that are played by striking, shaking, or scraping, such as drums or cymbals.
Example
The percussion section added rhythm and energy to the orchestra.
La sección de percusión añadió ritmo y energía a la orquesta.
C1 adjective /ˌpriːˈmɛdɪˌteɪtɪd/

premeditated

premeditado
Meaning
planned in advance; done deliberately
Example
The crime was clearly premeditated.
El crimen estaba claramente premeditado.