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C1 adjective /ˌpæn.əˈræm.ɪk/

panoramic

vista panorámica
Meaning
Giving a wide view of an extensive area in all directions.
Example
The hotel offers panoramic views of the ocean.
El hotel ofrece vistas panorámicas del océano.
C1 adjective /ˈpræk.tɪ.kə.bəl/

practicable

practicable
Meaning
able to be done or put into practice successfully
Example
The plan is not practicable without more resources.
El plan no es práctico sin más recursos.
C1 noun /ˈpəʊstˌskrɪpt/

postscript

posdata
Meaning
an additional remark at the end of a letter or text, after the signature
Example
She added a brief postscript to thank him again.
Ella añadió una breve posdata para darle las gracias nuevamente.
C1 adjective /pərˈpɔːrtɪd/

purported

presunto
Meaning
alleged or claimed to be true, often without proof
Example
The purported evidence was later proven false.
La evidencia presunta fue más tarde probada como falsa.
C1 noun /saɪˈkoʊsɪs/

psychosis

psicosis
Meaning
A severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are impaired, leading to a loss of contact with reality.
Example
The patient was diagnosed with psychosis after experiencing hallucinations.
El paciente fue diagnosticado con psicosis después de experimentar alucinaciones.
C1 adjective /pərˈvɜːrs/

perverse

perverso
Meaning
showing a deliberate desire to behave in a way that is unreasonable, contrary, or unacceptable
Example
He took a perverse pleasure in upsetting his colleagues.
Él tomó un placer perverso al molestar a sus compañeros.
C1 verb /ˌpriːˈmɛdɪteɪt/

premeditate

premeditar
Meaning
to think about and plan something (especially a crime) beforehand
Example
The suspect was accused of premeditating the crime.
El sospechoso fue acusado de premeditar el crimen.
C1 noun prɪˈzɜː.və.tɪvz

preservatives

conservantes
Meaning
A substance used to preserve foodstuffs, wood, or other materials against decay.
Example
Many processed foods contain harmful preservatives.
Muchos alimentos procesados contienen conservantes dañinos.
C1 noun ˈprəʊses stəˈbɪlɪti

process stability

estabilidad del proceso
Meaning
The consistency and steadiness of biological or functional processes
Example
Cold air ensures process stability in plants.
El aire frío asegura la estabilidad del proceso en las plantas.
C1 noun /ˈpriːsɪŋkt/

precinct

distrito
Meaning
A district or area within the boundaries of a city, often for police or electoral purposes.
Example
She went to vote at her local precinct.
Ella fue a votar en su distrito local.
C1 noun /ˈpɒlɪɡlɒt/

polyglot

persona políglota
Meaning
a person who knows and can use several languages
Example
She is a polyglot, fluent in English, Spanish, and Bengali.
Ella es una persona políglota, fluida en inglés, español y bengalí.
C1 adjective prəˈtræk.tɪd

protracted

prolongado, largo, extenso
Meaning
Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual.
Example
The negotiations were protracted over months.
Las negociaciones duraron meses.
C1 noun /ˌpriːməˈnɪʃən/ or /ˌprɛm-/

premonition

premonición
Meaning
a strong feeling that something is about to happen, often something negative
Example
She had a premonition of danger before the trip.
Ella tuvo una premonición de peligro antes del viaje.
C1 adjective /pəˈdæntɪk/

pedantic

excesivamente preocupado por los detalles menores o reglas
Meaning
Excessively concerned with minor details or rules; overly academic or bookish.
Example
Her pedantic explanations made the lecture dull.
Sus explicaciones pedantes hicieron que la conferencia fuera aburrida.
C1 adjective /prɪˈzʌmp.tʃu.əs/

presumptuous

presuntuoso
Meaning
Overconfident, rude, or taking liberties without permission.
Example
It was presumptuous of him to make that decision without consulting others.
Fue presuntuoso de su parte tomar esa decisión sin consultar a los demás.
C1 verb /ˈprɒpəɡeɪt/

propagate

propagar
Meaning
To spread or transmit an idea, belief, or information widely; also to reproduce in plants or animals.
Example
Scientists work to propagate the species in captivity.
Los científicos trabajan para propagar las especies en cautiverio.
C1 noun /prəˈtruːʒən/

protrusion

protuberancia
Meaning
Something that sticks out or projects from a surface.
Example
The protrusion on the wall made it difficult to move the furniture.
La protuberancia en la pared hizo que mover los muebles fuera difícil.
C1 noun /ˈpæs.ɪ.fɪst/

pacifist

pacifista
Meaning
a person who believes in peace and opposes war or violence
Example
She is a committed pacifist who campaigns against armed conflict.
Ella es una pacifista comprometida que hace campaña contra los conflictos armados.
C1 adjective /prɪˈsɪpɪtəs/

precipitous

empinado o repentino
Meaning
Extremely steep or sudden; done quickly without careful consideration.
Example
The hikers struggled to climb the precipitous slope.
Los excursionistas lucharon por subir la pendiente empinada.
C1 adjective /ˈperɪɡrɪn/

Peregrine

errante; migratorio; viajero
Meaning
wandering; traveling; migratory
Example
The peregrine falcon is known for its incredible speed.
El halcón peregrino es conocido por su increíble velocidad.
C1 noun /ˈpæn.θi.ən/

pantheon

todos los dioses, templo dedicado a todos los dioses
Meaning
All the gods of a religion collectively; a building dedicated to all gods.
Example
The Roman Pantheon is one of the best-preserved ancient temples.
El Panteón romano es uno de los templos antiguos mejor conservados.
C1 verb /ˈpleɪdʒəraɪz/

plagiarize

plagiar
Meaning
to take someone else's work or ideas and present them as your own
Example
He was warned not to plagiarize his friend's essay.
Se le advirtió que no plagiara el ensayo de su amigo.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈprɒstreɪt/

prostrate

postrado
Meaning
lying stretched out on the ground with one's face downward, often as a sign of submission or exhaustion
Example
He lay prostrate on the ground after the long battle.
Él se tiró postrado en el suelo después de la larga batalla.
C1 adverb /ˈpiːs.miːl/

Piecemeal

fragmentado; en pedazos
Meaning
done or made gradually, one piece at a time; fragmentary; unsystematic
Example
The renovation was done piecemeal over several years due to budget constraints.
La renovación se hizo poco a poco durante varios años debido a las restricciones presupuestarias.
C1 noun prəˈpɛn.sə.ti

propensity

propensidad o tendencia natural
Meaning
An inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way.
Example
He has a propensity for taking risks in business.
Él tiene una propensidad por asumir riesgos en los negocios.
C1 noun /ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃/

penchant

inclinación
Meaning
a strong or habitual liking for something or tendency to do something
Example
She has a penchant for collecting rare books.
Ella tiene una inclinación por coleccionar libros raros.
C1 adjective /pərˈtɜːrbd/

perturbed

perturbado
Meaning
feeling anxious, unsettled, or disturbed
Example
He looked perturbed after hearing the bad news.
Se veía perturbado después de escuchar las malas noticias.
C1 noun /ˈpɪn.sərz/

Pincers

tenaza
Meaning
a tool made of two curved or hinged pieces of metal used for gripping and pulling things
Example
The chef used pincers to remove the hot pot from the stove.
El chef usó una tenaza para sacar la olla caliente de la estufa.
C1 adjective /ˈpəʊ.tənt/

Potent

potente; fuerte; eficaz
Meaning
having great strength, power, or effect; influential
Example
The medicine is very potent and should be taken carefully.
La medicina es muy potente y debe tomarse con cuidado.
C1 adjective /ˈpɛtjʊlənt/

petulant

irritable
Meaning
Childishly sulky or bad-tempered.
Example
The child became petulant when denied more candy.
El niño se volvió irritable cuando no le dieron más dulces.
C1 noun /pɪˈtaɪə/

Pitaya / Dragon fruit

fruta del dragón
Meaning
a tropical fruit with bright pink or red skin and white flesh speckled with black seeds
Example
The pitaya has a mild, sweet flavor and a unique appearance.
La pitaya tiene un sabor suave y dulce y una apariencia única.
C1 noun /ˈpriː.tekst/

Pretext

pretexto
Meaning
a reason given in justification of a course of action that is not the real reason
Example
He used illness as a pretext to avoid the meeting.
Usó la enfermedad como pretexto para evitar la reunión.
C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrmiəbl̩/

permeable

permeable
Meaning
allowing liquids or gases to pass through
Example
The soil in this area is very permeable to water.
El suelo en esta área es muy permeable al agua.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.ləs/

pitiless

despiadado
Meaning
showing no pity or compassion; cruel
Example
The pitiless ruler ignored the suffering of his people.
El gobernante despiadado ignoró el sufrimiento de su pueblo.
C1 noun /pəˈfjuː.mər.i/

perfumery

industria de perfumes
Meaning
the art, business, or products of making perfumes
Example
She works in a perfumery that creates luxury scents.
Ella trabaja en una perfumería que crea aromas de lujo.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔːrəs/

porous

poroso
Meaning
Having tiny holes that allow liquid or air to pass through.
Example
The soil is very porous and drains quickly.
El suelo es muy poroso y drena rápidamente.
C1 noun /ˈpɑːrtʃmənt/

parchment

pergamino
Meaning
a thin material made from animal skin, used in the past for writing
Example
The ancient manuscript was written on parchment.
El antiguo manuscrito fue escrito en pergamino.
C1 noun /ˈpaɪ.ə.ti/

Piety

piedad
Meaning
the quality of being religious or reverent; devout religious belief and practice
Example
His piety was evident in his daily prayers.
Su piedad era evidente en sus oraciones diarias.
C1 verb /ˈprɒfəsaɪ/

prophesy

profetizar
Meaning
to state or predict that something will happen in the future, especially as if divinely inspired
Example
The monk prophesied that peace would return to the land.
El monje profetizó que la paz regresaría a la tierra.
C1 verb /piːv/

peeve

fastidiar
Meaning
To annoy or irritate someone.
Example
His constant interruptions really peeve me.
Sus constantes interrupciones realmente me fastidian.
C1 noun /ˈpruːdəns/

prudence

prudencia
Meaning
The quality of being cautious, wise, and exercising good judgment.
Example
She invested her money with great prudence.
Ella invirtió su dinero con gran prudencia.
C1 noun,verb /pleɪt/

plait

trenza
Meaning
a braid of hair or straw; to braid
Example
She decided to plait her hair before the party.
Ella decidió trenzarse el cabello antes de la fiesta.
C1 noun /ˈpɪl.fər.ɪdʒ/

Pilferage

hurto
Meaning
the theft of small amounts or items, especially from one's workplace
Example
The company installed cameras to prevent pilferage.
La empresa instaló cámaras para prevenir el hurto.
C1 adjective prɪˈkeə.ri.əs

precarious

peligroso
Meaning
Not securely held or in position; dependent on chance; uncertain.
Example
His financial situation is precarious.
Su situación financiera es peligrosa.
C1 adjective /fəˈnɛtɪk/

phonetic

fonético
Meaning
relating to the sounds of speech or pronunciation
Example
The teacher taught the students the phonetic spelling of difficult words.
El maestro enseñó a los estudiantes la ortografía fonética de las palabras difíciles.
C1 adjective /ˈpiːvɪʃ/

peevish

irritable
Meaning
Easily irritated, especially by unimportant things.
Example
The child grew peevish when denied candy.
El niño se volvió irritable cuando le negaron los dulces.
C1 adjective /ˈprɪs.tiːn/

pristine

prístino, sin alterar, limpio y fresco
Meaning
In its original condition; unspoiled, clean, and fresh.
Example
The forest remains in a pristine condition.
El bosque sigue en condiciones prístinas.
C1 adjective /priːˈɛmɪnənt/

preeminent

preeminente
Meaning
Surpassing all others; very distinguished in some way.
Example
She is a preeminent scientist in the field of genetics.
Ella es una científica preeminente en el campo de la genética.
C1 noun /pəˈræl.ə.sɪs/

Paralysis

parálisis
Meaning
the loss of the ability to move part or all of the body; complete inability to act or function
Example
The accident left him with paralysis in his legs.
El accidente lo dejó con parálisis en las piernas.
C1 noun /ˌpænəˈsiːə/

panacea

panacea
Meaning
A solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases.
Example
Education is often seen as a panacea for social problems.
La educación a menudo se considera una panacea para los problemas sociales.
C1 adjective /pləˈtɒnɪk/

platonic

platónico
Meaning
relating to a close relationship that is not romantic or sexual
Example
They have a platonic friendship that has lasted for years.
Tienen una amistad platónica que ha durado años.
C1 verb /ˈplʌm.ɪt/

plummet

caer verticalmente a alta velocidad
Meaning
to fall straight down at high speed
Example
Stock prices plummeted after the sudden market crash.
Los precios de las acciones cayeron repentinamente después del colapso del mercado.
C1 adjective /ˌprɛfəˈrɛnʃəl/

preferential

preferencial
Meaning
showing or giving advantage to one over others
Example
Members receive preferential treatment at the club.
Los miembros reciben trato preferencial en el club.
C1 noun prəˈfaʊnd ɪˈnɪʃətɪv

profound initiative

iniciativa profunda
Meaning
A deep, meaningful, and significant action or program designed to create change.
Example
A profound initiative can create sustainable changes.
Una iniciativa profunda puede crear cambios sostenibles.
C1 noun /pəˈtɜːrnəti/

paternity

paternidad
Meaning
The state of being someone's father.
Example
He demanded a paternity test to confirm his relationship with the child.
Él pidió una prueba de paternidad para confirmar su relación con el niño.
C1 noun ˈpraʊ.es

prowess

destreza
Meaning
Skill or expertise in a particular activity or field.
Example
Prowess in sports enhances team strength.
La destreza en los deportes mejora la fuerza del equipo.
C1 adjective /ˈplæsɪd/

placid

sereno, tranquilo
Meaning
calm and peaceful, not easily disturbed
Example
She had a placid expression despite the chaos around her.
Ella tenía una expresión serena a pesar del caos a su alrededor.
C1 adjective /prəˈvoʊkɪŋ/

Provoking

provocador
Meaning
causing anger or strong reaction; irritating; stimulating
Example
His provoking comments made everyone angry.
Sus comentarios provocadores hicieron que todos se enojaran.
C1 adjective /ˈpɒlɪtɪk/

politic

astuto, prudente
Meaning
shrewd, prudent, or tactful in practical matters
Example
It was politic of him to remain silent during the argument.
Fue astuto de su parte permanecer en silencio durante la discusión.
C1 verb /ˈpærəlaɪz/

paralyze

paralizar
Meaning
to cause someone or something to lose the ability to move or function normally
Example
The sudden shock seemed to paralyze him.
El choque repentino parecía paralizarlo.
C1 noun /ˈpetɪkoʊt/

Petti-coat

enagua
Meaning
an undergarment worn by women under a dress or skirt
Example
She wore a white petticoat under her dress.
Ella llevaba un peto blanco debajo de su vestido.
C1 noun /ˈplɛθərə/

plethora

una abundancia excesiva
Meaning
an excessive amount of something
Example
She has a plethora of books on her shelf.
Ella tiene una abundancia excesiva de libros en su estante.
C1 verb /ˈpruːfˌriːd/

proofread

corregir
Meaning
to read written material and mark any errors
Example
She proofread the report before submission.
Ella corrigió el informe antes de la entrega.
C1 noun /ˈplæn.teɪn ˈflaʊ.ər/

Plantain flower

flor de plátano
Meaning
The flower bud of a banana plant, used as a vegetable in cooking
Example
We cooked plantain flower curry for dinner.
Cocinamos curry de flor de plátano para la cena.
C1 noun /prəʊˌkræs.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

procrastination

procrastinación, posponer tareas
Meaning
The act of delaying or postponing tasks or activities.
Example
Procrastination is the enemy of success.
La procrastinación es el enemigo del éxito.
C1 noun proʊˈæktɪv ˈseɪvɪŋ

proactive saving

ahorro proactivo
Meaning
Actively planning and setting aside money in advance to prepare for future financial needs
Example
Proactive saving ensures financial stability in old age.
El ahorro proactivo asegura la estabilidad financiera en la vejez.
C1 adjective /ˌpærəˈdɒksɪkəl/

paradoxical

paradójico
Meaning
Seemingly contradictory or opposed to common sense, yet possibly true.
Example
It is paradoxical that standing is often more tiring than walking.
Es paradójico que estar de pie sea a menudo más cansado que caminar.
C1 verb /ˈpʌməl/

pummel

aporrear
Meaning
To strike repeatedly with the fists; to beat or hit forcefully.
Example
The boxer pummeled his opponent in the final round.
El boxeador aporreó a su oponente en la ronda final.
C1 noun, adjective /ˌpəʊstˈmɔːtəm/

postmortem

autopsia
Meaning
An examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death.
Example
The doctor carried out a postmortem on the body.
El doctor realizó una autopsia al cuerpo.
C1 verb /pərˈspaɪər/

perspire

sudar
Meaning
To give out sweat through the pores of the skin as a result of heat, physical exertion, or stress.
Example
He began to perspire after running for 10 minutes.
Él comenzó a sudar después de correr por 10 minutos.
C1 noun /ˈper.ɪ.wɪŋ.kəl/

Periwinkle

periwinkle
Meaning
a small trailing plant with violet-blue or white flowers
Example
Purple periwinkles covered the garden ground beautifully.
Las periwinkles moradas cubrían hermosamente el suelo del jardín.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊl.stɑːr/

Polestar

estrella polar
Meaning
a bright star that appears to stay in the same position in the sky and is used for navigation
Example
Sailors used the polestar to navigate across the ocean.
Los marineros usaron la estrella polar para navegar por el océano.
C1 noun pɔɪz

poise

confianza y compostura
Meaning
Natural confidence and composure maintained under pressure.
Example
A good speaker maintains poise under pressure.
Un buen orador mantiene la compostura bajo presión.
C1 adjective /ˈpeɪtrənaɪzɪŋ/

patronizing

condescendiente
Meaning
showing kindness that is perceived as condescending or superior
Example
His patronizing tone offended the audience.
Su tono condescendiente ofendió al público.
C1 noun /ˌpɜːrmjuˈteɪʃən/

permutation

permutación
Meaning
An arrangement or reordering of elements, often in mathematics or logic.
Example
The puzzle can be solved by trying all possible permutations of the tiles.
El rompecabezas se puede resolver probando todas las permutaciones posibles de las piezas.
C1 noun /ˈpɔː.pəs/

Porpoise

delfín
Meaning
a small toothed whale with a low triangular dorsal fin and a blunt rounded snout
Example
The porpoise jumped gracefully out of the water.
El delfín saltó grácilmente fuera del agua.
C1 noun /ˈpraɪ.mər/ (US), /ˈprɪm.ər/ (UK)

primer

libro introductorio, imprimación
Meaning
A basic introductory book or a substance used to prepare a surface for painting.
Example
He read a primer on programming before starting his course.
Él leyó un libro introductorio sobre programación antes de comenzar su curso.
C1 noun /ˈpæntəmaɪm/

pantomime

pantomima
Meaning
A type of theatrical performance using gestures and movements without spoken words; in Britain, a musical comedy play for families performed at Christmas.
Example
The children enjoyed the Christmas pantomime at the local theater.
Los niños disfrutaron de la pantomima navideña en el teatro local.
C1 noun /ˈpɒpjʊləs/

populace

población
Meaning
the general public; the ordinary people living in a country or area
Example
The new law was welcomed by the local populace.
La nueva ley fue bienvenida por la población local.
C1 noun /pɒmp/

pomp

pompa, esplendor
Meaning
ceremonial display or splendor; grandeur
Example
The graduation ceremony was full of pomp and circumstance.
La ceremonia de graduación estuvo llena de pompa y esplendor.
C1 noun /pɔl/

Pall

paño que se coloca sobre un ataúd; una capa oscura que crea una atmósfera sombría
Meaning
a cloth spread over a coffin; a dark covering that creates a gloomy atmosphere
Example
A pall of smoke hung over the burning building.
Una capa de humo colgaba sobre el edificio en llamas.
C1 noun /prɪˈdɒmɪnəns/

predominance

preponderancia
Meaning
The state of being greater in number, strength, or importance.
Example
The predominance of online shopping has changed retail forever.
La preponderancia de las compras en línea ha cambiado el comercio minorista para siempre.
C1 adjective /ˈpjuː.ni/

puny

débiles
Meaning
Small, weak, or insignificant.
Example
He felt puny compared to his stronger classmates.
Se sentía débil comparado con sus compañeros de clase más fuertes.
C1 noun /pərˈkʌʃən/

percussion

percusión
Meaning
Musical instruments that are played by striking, shaking, or scraping, such as drums or cymbals.
Example
The percussion section added rhythm and energy to the orchestra.
La sección de percusión añadió ritmo y energía a la orquesta.
C1 adjective /pæˈseɪ/

passe

anticuado; fuera de moda
Meaning
no longer fashionable or current; out of date
Example
Some trends from last decade feel utterly passé now.
Algunas tendencias de la última década ahora parecen completamente anticuadas.
C1 noun /prɪˈtɛnʃən/

pretension

pretensión, falsa apariencia
Meaning
A claim or assertion to something, often without justification; an attempt to impress by showing greater importance or talent than is actually possessed.
Example
His pretension to be an expert was quickly exposed.
Su pretensión de ser un experto fue rápidamente expuesta.
C1 adjective /praɪˈmɔːrdiəl/

primordial

primordial
Meaning
Existing at or from the beginning of time; fundamental and original.
Example
Scientists study the primordial soup from which life emerged.
Los científicos estudian la sopa primordial de la que surgió la vida.
C1 verb /paʊt/

pout

hacer pucheros
Meaning
to push one's lips forward as an expression of annoyance or sulkiness
Example
The child began to pout when he didn’t get the toy.
El niño empezó a hacer pucheros cuando no consiguió el juguete.
C1 noun /ˈpælɪt/

pallet

plataforma
Meaning
a flat wooden platform used for moving or storing goods; also a makeshift bed
Example
The boxes were stacked on a wooden pallet for easy transport.
Las cajas fueron apiladas en una plataforma de madera para un fácil transporte.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.əs/

Piteous

lastimoso; compasivo
Meaning
deserving pity; arousing compassion
Example
The piteous cries of the injured animal moved everyone to tears.
Los lastimosos gritos del animal herido movieron a todos a lágrimas.
C1 noun /ˈpɛsəl/

pestle

pistilo
Meaning
A heavy tool with a rounded end used for crushing or grinding substances in a mortar.
Example
She used a pestle to grind the spices.
Ella usó un pistilo para moler las especias.
C1 noun ˌpɒlɪˈneɪʃən

Pollination

polinización
Meaning
The process by which pollen is transferred from flowers, enabling plant reproduction.
Example
Butterflies play a vital role in pollination.
Las mariposas juegan un papel vital en la polinización.
C1 noun /pɛnˈtæθlɒn/

pentathlon

pentatlón
Meaning
An athletic contest featuring five different events.
Example
She trained hard to compete in the modern pentathlon.
Ella entrenó duro para competir en el pentatlón moderno.
C1 noun /pɜːrl drɒp/

Pearl drop

gota de perla
Meaning
a single pearl used as jewelry, often in earrings or pendants
Example
The elegant pearl drop earrings complemented her outfit perfectly.
Los elegantes pendientes de gota de perla complementaron su atuendo perfectamente.
C1 verb /pərˈteɪn/

pertain

relacionarse
Meaning
to relate or have reference to something
Example
The rules pertain to all students in the school.
Las reglas se aplican a todos los estudiantes en la escuela.
C1 noun /ˌpɒməˈdɔːrəʊ/

pomodoro

pomodoro
Meaning
A time management technique that uses a timer to break down work into intervals.
Example
The Pomodoro technique improves productivity.
La técnica Pomodoro mejora la productividad.
C1 adjective /prəˈfjuːs/

profuse

profuso
Meaning
existing or given in large amounts; abundant
Example
He offered profuse thanks for their timely help.
Él ofreció abundantes gracias por su ayuda oportuna.
C1 noun /ˌpiːdiˈætrɪks/

pediatrics

pediatría
Meaning
the branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical care of children
Example
She decided to specialize in pediatrics after medical school.
Decidió especializarse en pediatría después de la escuela de medicina.
C1 adjective /ˌfɪl.hɑːrˈmɒn.ɪk/

philharmonic

relacionado con una orquesta sinfónica
Meaning
relating to a symphony orchestra or its music
Example
The philharmonic orchestra performed a stunning rendition of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.
La orquesta filarmónica realizó una impresionante interpretación de la Novena Sinfonía de Beethoven.
C1 adjective /pɜːrt/

pert

atrevido pero encantador
Meaning
attractively lively or cheeky in manner or style
Example
She gave a pert reply that made everyone laugh.
Ella dio una respuesta atrevida que hizo reír a todos.
C1 adjective /ˈpriːmə/

prima

principal, excelente
Meaning
first or most important; excellent
Example
She was treated as the prima ballerina of the troupe.
Ella fue tratada como la prima bailarina del grupo.
C1 noun /pərˈvɜr.sə.ti/

Perversity

perversidad; obstinación;
Meaning
deliberate determination to behave in an unreasonable or unacceptable way; the quality of being contrary or obstinate
Example
His perversity in refusing help frustrated everyone.
su perversidad al rechazar ayuda frustró a todos.
C1 noun /ˈpraɪməsi/

primacy

primacía
Meaning
the state of being first in importance or authority
Example
The primacy of education cannot be denied.
La primacía de la educación no puede ser negada.
C1 noun /pæŋ/

pang

una sensación repentina de dolor o angustia emocional
Meaning
a sudden sharp feeling of pain or emotional distress
Example
She felt a pang of guilt after the argument.
Sintió un pang de culpa después de la discusión.
C1 noun /ˈprɛəri/

prairie

pradera
Meaning
A large open area of grassland, especially in North America.
Example
The bison roamed freely across the prairie.
El bisonte deambulaba libremente por la pradera.
C1 verb /ˈpoʊ.lə.raɪz/

polarize

polarizar
Meaning
to divide or cause to divide into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs
Example
The controversial decision polarized public opinion.
La decisión controvertida dividió la opinión pública en dos grupos opuestos.
C1 noun /pərˈvɜːrʒən/

perversion

perversión
Meaning
The act of distorting or corrupting the original meaning, purpose, or state of something.
Example
The regime’s censorship was seen as a perversion of free speech.
La censura del régimen se consideró una perversión de la libertad de expresión.
C1 noun /ˈpɒpjʊlɪst/

populist

líder populista
Meaning
A politician or person who seeks to appeal to ordinary people who feel their concerns are ignored by elites.
Example
The populist leader promised to put the needs of common citizens first.
El líder populista prometió poner las necesidades de los ciudadanos comunes en primer lugar.
C1 verb /ˈprɒfər/

proffer

ofrecer, presentar
Meaning
to offer something for acceptance; to present
Example
She proffered her hand as a sign of friendship.
Ella ofreció su mano como señal de amistad.
C1 noun /ˌpeɪ.li.ɒnˈtɒl.ə.dʒi/

paleontology

paleontología
Meaning
the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants
Example
She decided to study paleontology at university.
Decidió estudiar paleontología en la universidad.
C1 noun /ˈplʌn.dər.ər/

Plunderer

saqueador
Meaning
a person who steals goods, especially during war or civil disorder
Example
The plunderers ransacked the village after the battle.
Los saqueadores saquearon el pueblo después de la batalla.
C1 noun /ˈprɒfəsi/

prophecy

profecía
Meaning
a prediction or message about the future, often believed to be divinely inspired
Example
The prophecy foretold the rise of a great leader.
La profecía predijo el ascenso de un gran líder.
C1 noun /fɪˈlæn.θrə.pɪst/

philanthropist

filántropo
Meaning
a person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by donating money to good causes
Example
The philanthropist donated millions to build schools in rural areas.
El filántropo donó millones para construir escuelas en áreas rurales.
C1 noun ˈpɛd.ə.ɡɒ.dʒi

pedagogy

pedagogía
Meaning
The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept.
Example
Modern pedagogy focuses on student-centered learning.
La pedagogía moderna se centra en el aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante.
C1 noun /ˈpæʃ.ən ˌflaʊ.ər/

Passion flower

flor de la pasión
Meaning
A climbing plant with intricate, colorful flowers; also refers to royal poinciana tree with red-orange blooms
Example
The passion flower vine covered the garden wall with beautiful blooms.
La vid de la flor de la pasión cubrió la pared del jardín con hermosas flores.
C1 adjective /ˈpeɪnzˌteɪkɪŋ/

painstaking

con mucho cuidado
Meaning
Done with great care and thoroughness.
Example
The artist completed the project with painstaking detail.
El artista completó el proyecto con mucho cuidado.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.di/

Parody

parodia
Meaning
an imitation of a particular style for comic effect; a humorous exaggerated copy
Example
The comedy show featured a parody of famous politicians.
El programa de comedia presentó una parodia de políticos famosos.
C1 verb /prəˈkjʊər/

procure

conseguir
Meaning
to obtain something, especially with effort or difficulty
Example
They managed to procure enough supplies for the expedition.
Ellos lograron conseguir suficientes suministros para la expedición.
C1 adjective /ˈpɛndənt/

pendent

colgante
Meaning
hanging down or suspended
Example
The pendent branches touched the ground.
Las ramas colgantes tocaron el suelo.
C1 verb /priːn/

preen

arreglarse
Meaning
To groom or dress oneself with care; to show pride in one's appearance.
Example
She preened in front of the mirror before leaving for the party.
Ella se arregló frente al espejo antes de salir para la fiesta.
C1 noun /plɔɪ/

ploy

estratagema astuta
Meaning
a clever plan or action designed to gain an advantage
Example
She used a clever ploy to win the debate.
Ella usó una táctica astuta para ganar el debate.