inefficiency
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C1 noun ˌɪn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si

inefficiency

ineficiencia
Meaning
The state or quality of not achieving maximum productivity; failure to make the best use of time or resources.
Example
Government inefficiency leads to slow project completion.
La ineficiencia del gobierno conduce a una finalización lenta del proyecto.
C1 noun /ɪˈmiːdiəsi/

immediacy

inmediación, urgencia
Meaning
The quality of bringing one into direct and instant involvement with something, giving rise to a sense of urgency or excitement.
Example
The immediacy of digital communication has reshaped business operations.
La inmediatez de la comunicación digital ha transformado las operaciones comerciales.
C1 adjective ɪnˈtrɪn.zɪk

intrinsic

intrínseco, esencial, natural
Meaning
Belonging naturally; essential. Existing as a natural or basic part of something.
Example
Creativity is an intrinsic quality of a great artist.
La creatividad es una cualidad intrínseca de un gran artista.
C1 adjective; noun /ɪˈmɔːrtl/

immortal

inmortal
Meaning
living forever; never dying; lasting forever in fame or memory
Example
Legends often describe heroes as immortal beings who never die.
Las leyendas describen a los héroes como inmortales.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənsi/

inconsistency

inconsistencia
Meaning
The quality of being contradictory, irregular, or not staying the same.
Example
There is an inconsistency between his words and actions.
Hay una inconsistencia entre sus palabras y acciones.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈmɪt.ənt

intermittent

intermitente
Meaning
Happening irregularly, not continuously.
Example
The rain was intermittent throughout the day.
La lluvia fue intermitente durante todo el día.
C1 noun /ˈɪn.floʊ/

inflow

flujo
Meaning
The movement of things such as money, people, or water into a place.
Example
The inflow of tourists boosted the local economy.
El flujo de turistas impulsó la economía local.
C1 noun /aɪˈdiː.ə.lɪ.zəm/

Idealism

Idealismo
Meaning
the pursuit of high principles and noble goals; unrealistic pursuit of perfection
Example
His youthful idealism motivated him to join various social justice movements.
Su idealismo juvenil lo motivó a unirse a varios movimientos de justicia social.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛpərəbəl/

Irreparable

irreparable
Meaning
impossible to repair or fix; permanent damage that cannot be undone
Example
The accident caused irreparable damage to his spine.
El accidente causó daños irreparables en su columna vertebral.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɛp(ə)rəbəl/

inseparable

inseparable
Meaning
Unable to be separated or always together.
Example
The two friends have been inseparable since childhood.
Los dos amigos han sido inseparables desde la infancia.
C1 noun /ɪmˌpɒsəˈbɪlɪti/

impossibility

imposibilidad
Meaning
the state or fact of being impossible; something that cannot be done or achieved
Example
Finishing the project in one day was an impossibility.
Terminar el proyecto en un día fue una imposibilidad.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkɑːrsəreɪt/

incarcerate

encarcelar
Meaning
to imprison or confine someone
Example
The authorities incarcerated the criminal after the trial.
Las autoridades encarcelaron al criminal después del juicio.
C1 adjective /aɪˈdɪlɪk/

idyllic

idílico y hermoso
Meaning
Like an idyll; extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque.
Example
They enjoyed an idyllic vacation by the sea.
Disfrutaron de unas vacaciones idílicas junto al mar.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːtnəs/

incompleteness

incompletitud
Meaning
the state of not being complete or whole; lack of necessary parts or fullness
Example
The incompleteness of the report caused delays in the project.
La incompletitud del informe causó retrasos en el proyecto.
C1 adjective /ˈɪntrɪkət/

intricate

intrincado
Meaning
very detailed, complex, and difficult to understand
Example
The artist created an intricate pattern on the wall.
El artista creó un patrón intrincado en la pared.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsɪnjueɪt/

insinuate

insinuar
Meaning
To suggest or hint something indirectly and often unpleasantly.
Example
He insinuated that she had lied about her qualifications.
Él insinuó que ella había mentido sobre sus calificaciones.
C1 noun /ˈɪn.trə.vɜːrt/

introvert

introvertido
Meaning
A person who tends to be shy and prefers spending time alone rather than in groups.
Example
As an introvert, he preferred reading over attending parties.
Como introvertido, prefería leer en lugar de asistir a fiestas.
C1 verb /ˈɪmprəvaɪz/

improvise

improvisar
Meaning
To create or perform something spontaneously without preparation.
Example
The actor had to improvise his lines when he forgot the script.
El actor tuvo que improvisar sus líneas cuando olvidó el guion.
C1 noun /ˈaɪsətəʊp/

isotope

isótopo
Meaning
Atoms of the same element with equal number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Example
Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope used in dating fossils.
El carbono-14 es un isótopo radiactivo utilizado en la datación de fósiles.
C1 noun /ˌɪndɪˈdʒɛstʃən/

indigestion

indigestión
Meaning
Discomfort or pain in the stomach associated with difficulty in digesting food.
Example
He avoided spicy food because it often gave him indigestion.
Él evitó la comida picante porque a menudo le provocaba indigestión.
C1 adjective /ˈɪɡ.ni.əs/

igneous

ígnea
Meaning
Formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
Example
Granite is an igneous rock commonly used in construction.
El granito es una roca ígnea que se utiliza comúnmente en la construcción.
C1 noun /ˈɪntrɪkəsi/

intricacy

complejidad
Meaning
the quality of being very detailed or complicated
Example
The intricacy of the design impressed everyone.
La complejidad del diseño impresionó a todos.
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.səˈbɔːr.dɪ.nət/

insubordinate

insubordinado
Meaning
Defiant of authority; disobedient to orders.
Example
The insubordinate employee refused to follow the manager's instructions.
El empleado insubordinado se negó a seguir las instrucciones del gerente.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæʃənd/

impassioned

apasionado
Meaning
Filled with or showing great emotion.
Example
She gave an impassioned speech about human rights.
Ella dio un discurso apasionado sobre los derechos humanos.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈfɛnsəbl̩/

indefensible

indefendible
Meaning
not able to be protected or justified
Example
The minister’s remarks were considered indefensible by the public.
Los comentarios del ministro fueron considerados indefendibles por el público.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈstrʌktɪv/

instructive

instructivo
Meaning
useful and informative; providing knowledge or instruction
Example
The lecture was highly instructive and engaging.
La conferencia fue muy instructiva y atractiva.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.səˌbɔːr.dɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

insubordination

insubordinación
Meaning
Defiance of authority; refusal to obey orders.
Example
The soldier was punished for insubordination during the mission.
El soldado fue castigado por insubordinación durante la misión.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːɡjərəl/

Inaugural

inaugural
Meaning
marking the beginning of something; first; opening
Example
The president delivered his inaugural speech.
El presidente dio su discurso inaugural.
C1 adjective /ˌɪntərˈtʃeɪndʒəbl/

interchangeable

intercambiable
Meaning
able to be exchanged with each other without difference or loss of function
Example
These machine parts are interchangeable, so they can be replaced easily.
Estas piezas de la máquina son intercambiables, por lo que se pueden reemplazar fácilmente.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtrɛpɪd/

intrepid

intrépido
Meaning
fearless and adventurous, often used humorously
Example
The intrepid traveler explored the jungle alone.
El intrépido viajero exploró la jungla solo.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.tə.dʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən.əl

intergenerational

intergeneracional, entre diferentes generaciones de una familia
Meaning
Existing or occurring between different generations of a family.
Example
Intergenerational wisdom ensures cultural continuity.
La sabiduría intergeneracional asegura la continuidad cultural.
C1 verb ɪˈnɔː.ɡjə.reɪ.tɪd

inaugurated

inaugurado
Meaning
Begin or introduce (a system, policy, or period) formally.
Example
The organization was inaugurated officially.
La organización fue inaugurada oficialmente.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnænɪmət/

inanimate

objeto inanimado
Meaning
not alive, especially not in the manner of animals and humans; lifeless
Example
The museum was full of inanimate objects from ancient times.
El museo estaba lleno de objetos inanimados de tiempos antiguos.
C1 adjective /ˌɪməˈtɪəriəl/

immaterial

inmaterial
Meaning
Not important or relevant; lacking physical substance.
Example
The judge ruled that the argument was immaterial to the case.
El juez falló que el argumento no era relevante para el caso.
C1 noun /ˌɪrɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/

irresponsibility

irresponsabilidad
Meaning
lack of responsibility or accountability; failure to act in a reliable or sensible way
Example
The accident was caused by his irresponsibility at work.
El accidente fue causado por su irresponsabilidad en el trabajo.
C1 noun ˌɪnfɛsˈteɪʃən

infestation

infestación, gran número de insectos o animales en un lugar
Meaning
The presence of an unusually large number of insects or animals in a place, causing damage or disease.
Example
The infestation of ants in the kitchen led to immediate pest control measures.
La infestación de hormigas en la cocina llevó a medidas inmediatas de control de plagas.
C1 verb /ɪnˈterəˌɡeɪt/

interrogate

interrogar
Meaning
to ask someone questions in a thorough and formal way; to question intensively
Example
The police interrogated the suspect for hours.
La policía interrogó al sospechoso durante horas.
C1 adjective /ɪˈniː.bri.eɪ.tɪd/

inebriated

ebrio
Meaning
under the influence of alcohol; drunk
Example
He stumbled into the room completely inebriated.
Entró en la habitación completamente ebrio.
C1 adjective ɪˈluː.sər.i

illusory

ilusorio
Meaning
Based on illusion; not real although seeming to be.
Example
His sense of security was entirely illusory.
Su sensación de seguridad era completamente ilusoria.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜː.mə.nəns/

impermanence

impermanencia
Meaning
The state or fact of lasting for only a limited period of time.
Example
The philosophy of Buddhism emphasizes the impermanence of life.
La filosofía del budismo enfatiza la impermanencia de la vida.
C1 noun /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/

insignificance

insignificancia
Meaning
The quality of being unimportant or trivial.
Example
He felt a sense of insignificance in the vast universe.
Él sintió un sentido de insignificancia en el vasto universo.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdem.nə.ti/

Indemnity

indemnización
Meaning
security or protection against a loss or other financial burden; compensation for damage or loss
Example
The insurance company provided full indemnity for the damages caused by the flood.
La compañía de seguros proporcionó indemnización completa por los daños causados por la inundación.
C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈspɛktɪv/

Irrespective

irrespetuoso; sin tener en cuenta
Meaning
without taking something into account; regardless of
Example
All students will be treated equally, irrespective of their background.
Todos los estudiantes serán tratados por igual, independientemente de su origen.
C1 adjective /ˌɪntərˈtwaɪnd/

intertwined

felicidad
Meaning
closely connected or twisted together
Example
Their lives became deeply intertwined after the accident.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtræk.tə.bəl/

intractable

incontrolable
Meaning
Difficult or impossible to manage, control, or solve.
Example
The conflict has become an intractable problem.
El conflicto se ha convertido en un problema incontrolable.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnədˈvɜːrtənt/

inadvertent

inadvertido, no intencionado
Meaning
Not resulting from or achieved through deliberate planning; unintentional.
Example
Her inadvertent mistake caused a delay in the project.
Su error inadvertido causó un retraso en el proyecto.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl/

incidental

incidental
Meaning
happening as a minor part or in connection with something else
Example
Incidental expenses like snacks and tips were included in the bill.
Gastos incidentales como bocadillos y propinas fueron incluidos en la factura.
C1 noun ɪnˈflɛk.ʃən

inflection

inflexión
Meaning
The change in pitch or tone of voice when speaking for emphasis.
Example
His inflection kept the audience engaged.
Su inflexión mantuvo al público comprometido.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɒm.ni.ə/

Insomnia

insomnio
Meaning
habitual sleeplessness; inability to sleep; the condition of being unable to sleep
Example
Her chronic insomnia made it difficult for her to concentrate during work hours.
Su insomnio crónico le dificultaba concentrarse durante las horas de trabajo.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnsələnt/

insolent

insolente, arrogante
Meaning
showing a rude and arrogant lack of respect
Example
The insolent student refused to follow the teacher's instructions.
El estudiante insolente se negó a seguir las instrucciones del maestro.
C1 noun /ˈɪd.i.əm/

idiom

modismo
Meaning
A group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words.
Example
The idiom 'break the ice' means to start a conversation in a friendly way.
El modismo 'romper el hielo' significa comenzar una conversación de manera amistosa.
C1 noun /ˈɪŋ.krə.mənt/

Increment

aumento
Meaning
an increase or addition, especially one of a series on a fixed scale; a regular increase in salary
Example
He received an annual increment of five percent in his salary this year.
Recibió un aumento anual del cinco por ciento en su salario este año.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛfjʊtəbəl/

Irrefutable

irrefutable
Meaning
impossible to deny or disprove; undeniable
Example
The evidence against him was irrefutable.
La evidencia en su contra era irrefutable.
C1 verb /ɪmˈplɔːr/

implore

implorar
Meaning
To beg someone earnestly or desperately to do something.
Example
She implored him to stay with her.
Ella le imploró que se quedara con ella.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɪndʒ/

impinge

afectar
Meaning
to have an effect or impact on something; to encroach or infringe
Example
The noise from the construction site impinges on our daily activities.
El ruido de la construcción afecta nuestras actividades diarias.
C1 noun /ˌɪntəkəˈnɛktɪvɪti/

interconnectivity

interconectividad
Meaning
The state of being interconnected or the degree of connectivity between components
Example
The rise of interconnectivity has transformed global communication.
El auge de la interconectividad ha transformado la comunicación global.
C1 noun ɪnˈsɒl.vən.si

insolvency

insolvencia
Meaning
The state of being unable to pay debts owed; bankruptcy.
Example
The company declared insolvency after years of losses.
La empresa declaró la insolvencia después de años de pérdidas.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛvərənt/

irreverent

irreverente
Meaning
showing a lack of respect for people or things that are usually respected
Example
The comedian’s irreverent jokes offended some of the audience.
Los chistes irreverentes del comediante ofendieron a algunos de la audiencia.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskraɪbəbəl/

Indescribable

indescriptible
Meaning
impossible to describe or express in words; beyond description
Example
The beauty of the sunset was indescribable.
La belleza del atardecer era indescriptible.
C1 adjective ɪnˈdel.ə.bəl

indelible

indeleble
Meaning
Making marks that cannot be removed; impossible to forget or remove.
Example
Her speech left an indelible mark on the audience.
Su discurso dejó una marca indeleble en la audiencia.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkwɪzɪtɪv/

inquisitive

inquisitivo
Meaning
Curious or eager to learn and ask questions.
Example
The inquisitive child asked endless questions about the stars.
El niño inquisitivo hizo preguntas interminables sobre las estrellas.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɜːrt/

inert

inactivo
Meaning
lacking the ability or strength to move or act; chemically inactive
Example
The patient remained inert on the bed.
El paciente permaneció inactivo en la cama.
C1 noun /ˌɪnɪkˈspɪəriəns/

inexperience

inexperiencia
Meaning
Lack of knowledge or skill in a particular activity or field.
Example
His inexperience in handling negotiations was evident.
Su inexperiencia en las negociaciones era evidente.
C1 noun /ˈɪtʃ.i.nəs/

itchiness

picazón
Meaning
The quality or condition of feeling an irritating sensation on the skin that causes a desire to scratch.
Example
Eye itchiness often leads to rubbing.
La picazón en los ojos a menudo conduce a frotarse.
C1 adverb /ɪnˈvɜːrs.li/

Inversely

inversamente; en sentido opuesto
Meaning
in a way that is opposite or contrary; in reverse order or manner
Example
The price of goods is inversely related to their availability in the market.
El precio de los productos está inversamente relacionado con su disponibilidad en el mercado.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒŋɡruəs/

incongruous

incongruente
Meaning
Not fitting in with or suitable for the surroundings.
Example
His jokes were incongruous during the serious meeting.
Sus chistes fueron incongruentes durante la reunión seria.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsæn.ə.ti/

Insanity

locura; demencia
Meaning
the state of being seriously mentally ill; extreme foolishness or irrationality
Example
The defense lawyer argued that his client was not guilty by reason of insanity.
El abogado defensor argumentó que su cliente no era culpable por razón de locura.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

imposing

imponente
Meaning
having an appearance that is grand, impressive, or commanding
Example
The castle is an imposing structure overlooking the valley.
El castillo es una estructura imponente que domina el valle.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskriːt/

indiscreet

imprudente
Meaning
Not careful in what one says or does, likely to reveal secrets or offend.
Example
It was indiscreet of him to mention the plan in public.
Fue imprudente de su parte mencionar el plan en público.
C1 noun ˌɪnˈsaɪtfʊlnɪs

insightfulness

perspicacia, capacidad de análisis
Meaning
The capacity to gain an accurate and deep intuitive understanding of a person or thing.
Example
His insightfulness helped solve the complex problem.
Su perspicacia ayudó a resolver el problema complejo.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnsjələr/

insular

limitado, relacionado con una isla
Meaning
Narrow-minded, isolated, or relating to an island.
Example
The community was criticized for its insular attitudes toward outsiders.
La comunidad fue criticada por sus actitudes insulares hacia los forasteros.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪt/

intoxicate

felicidad
Meaning
to make someone lose control of their faculties or behavior due to alcohol or drugs
Example
The strong drink quickly intoxicated him.
No pudo esconder su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 noun /ˈɪnflʌks/

influx

afluencia
Meaning
A large arrival or flow of people or things.
Example
The city experienced an influx of tourists during the festival.
La ciudad experimentó una afluencia de turistas durante el festival.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːrksəm/

irksome

molesto
Meaning
annoying or irritating
Example
Waiting in a long line is one of the most irksome tasks.
Esperar en una larga fila es una de las tareas más molestas.
C1 noun /ɪˌluːmɪˈneɪʃən/

illumination

iluminación
Meaning
the act of lighting something or making something clear
Example
The street was filled with bright illumination from the lamps.
La calle estaba llena de una iluminacion brillante proveniente de las lamparas.
C1 verb /ɪnˈdʌkt/

induct

admitir formalmente a alguien en una posición, organización o cargo
Meaning
to formally admit someone into a position, organization, or office
Example
She was inducted into the university's honor society.
Ella fue admitida en la sociedad de honor de la universidad.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛl/

impel

impulsar
Meaning
to drive, force, or urge someone to do something
Example
Her curiosity impelled her to open the mysterious box.
Su curiosidad la impulsó a abrir la caja misteriosa.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

injunction

orden judicial
Meaning
A judicial order restraining a person from an action or compelling a certain act.
Example
The court issued an injunction to stop the company from polluting the river.
El tribunal emitió una orden judicial para evitar que la empresa contaminara el río.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒmp(ə)rəbl/

incomparable

incomparable
Meaning
Without an equal in quality or excellence; matchless.
Example
The view from the mountain was incomparable.
La vista desde la montaña era incomparable.
C1 noun ɪnˈsɛpʃən

inception

inicio
Meaning
The establishment or starting point of an institution or activity.
Example
The inception of the company marked a new era in the industry.
La incepción de la empresa marcó una nueva era en la industria.
C1 verb /ɪɡˈnaɪt/

ignite

encender
Meaning
To catch fire or cause to catch fire; to start or arouse.
Example
The sparks ignited the dry leaves in seconds.
Las chispas encendieron las hojas secas en segundos.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈsɪdərət/

inconsiderate

desconsiderado
Meaning
Thoughtless; showing a lack of concern for others.
Example
It was inconsiderate of him to play loud music late at night.
Fue desconsiderado de su parte poner música alta tarde en la noche.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkwɪˈzɪʃən/

inquisition

inquisición
Meaning
A prolonged and intense questioning or investigation, often harsh in nature.
Example
The journalist faced an inquisition from the panel about his sources.
El periodista enfrentó una inquisición del panel sobre sus fuentes.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsaɪt/

incite

incitar
Meaning
to provoke; to stir up
Example
His speech incited the crowd to violence.
Su discurso incitó a la multitud a la violencia.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfleɪt/

inflate

inflar
Meaning
to fill with air or gas so it expands; to increase excessively or artificially
Example
The mechanic inflated the tire to the correct pressure.
El mecánico infló el neumático a la presión correcta.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmækjələt/

immaculate

inmaculado
Meaning
perfectly clean, neat, or free from flaws
Example
Her room was immaculate, with everything in its place.
Su habitación estaba inmaculada, con todo en su lugar.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnədˈvaɪzəbl/

inadvisable

desaconsejable
Meaning
Not recommended; likely to have undesirable consequences.
Example
It is inadvisable to drive in such heavy rain.
No es recomendable conducir bajo tal lluvia intensa.
C1 noun /ˌɪnækˈtɪvɪti/

inactivity

inactividad
Meaning
the state of not being active physically or mentally; lack of action
Example
Prolonged inactivity can negatively affect both physical and mental health.
La inactividad prolongada puede afectar negativamente la salud física y mental.
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.səbˈstæn.ʃəl/

insubstantial

insustancial
Meaning
Lacking strength, substance, or solidity.
Example
The evidence provided was insubstantial and unconvincing.
La evidencia proporcionada fue insustancial y poco convincente.
C1 adverb /ˈɪnwərdli/

inwardly

por dentro
Meaning
In the mind or spirit; not outwardly visible.
Example
She smiled outwardly but inwardly she was worried.
Ella sonrió por fuera, pero por dentro estaba preocupada.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdjuːsmənt/

inducement

inducido
Meaning
something that persuades or encourages someone to do something
Example
The company offered a bonus as an inducement to employees.
La empresa ofreció un bono como incentivo para los empleados.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈses.ənt/

incessant

incesante
Meaning
Continuing without pause or interruption; constant.
Example
The incessant noise from the construction site made it hard to concentrate.
El ruido incesante del sitio de construcción dificultaba concentrarse.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛər/

impair

deteriorar
Meaning
to weaken or damage something, especially a function or ability
Example
Smoking can impair your lung capacity.
Fumar puede dañar tu capacidad pulmonar.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkoʊˈhɪrəns/

incoherence

incoherencia
Meaning
The quality of being unclear, confused, or lacking logical connection.
Example
His speech was full of incoherence and difficult to follow.
Su discurso estaba lleno de incoherencias y era difícil de seguir.
C1 noun ɪnˌten.sɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

intensification

intensificación
Meaning
The process of becoming or making something more intense or extreme.
Example
The intensification of climate change requires urgent action.
La intensificación del cambio climático requiere una acción urgente.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈprɒbəbl/

improbable

improbable
Meaning
Not likely to be true or to happen.
Example
It seems improbable that he will arrive on time.
Parece improbable que llegue a tiempo.
C1 noun /ɪnˈædɪkwəsi/

inadequacy

insuficiencia
Meaning
lack of sufficient ability, quality, or strength; a feeling of not being good enough
Example
She struggled with feelings of inadequacy at work despite her strong qualifications.
Luchaba con sentimientos de insuficiencia en el trabajo a pesar de sus sólidas calificaciones.
C1 noun /ˌɪmɔːrˈtæləti/

immortality

inmortalidad
Meaning
the state of living forever; eternal life or lasting fame beyond death
Example
Many ancient cultures believed that heroes could achieve immortality through great deeds.
Muchas culturas antiguas creían que los héroes podían alcanzar la inmortalidad mediante grandes hazañas.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpjʊər/

Impure

impuro
Meaning
contaminated; not clean; mixed with foreign substances
Example
The impure water caused health problems in the village.
El agua impura causó problemas de salud en el pueblo.
C1 adjective /ˌaɪdiəˈlɪstɪk/

Idealistic

idealista
Meaning
pursuing high principles or ideals; unrealistically optimistic
Example
She has an idealistic view of changing the world.
Ella tiene una visión idealista de cambiar el mundo.
C1 noun/verb /ˈɪnsɛns/

incense

incienso / enfurecer
Meaning
a substance burned for its sweet smell (noun); to make very angry (verb)
Example
The smell of incense filled the temple, but his rude words incensed her.
El olor del incienso llenó el templo, pero sus palabras groseras la enfurecieron.
C1 noun ˌɪn.toʊˈneɪ.ʃən

intonation

entonación
Meaning
The rise and fall of tone in speech and pronunciation.
Example
Proper intonation enhances the clarity of a speech.
Una buena entonación mejora la claridad de un discurso.
C1 verb /aɪˈdiː.ə.laɪz/

idealize

idealizar
Meaning
To regard or represent something as perfect or better than it really is.
Example
Children often idealize their parents.
Los niños a menudo idealizan a sus padres.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfɜːm/

infirm

débil
Meaning
Weak, especially due to old age or illness.
Example
The infirm old man needed assistance to walk.
El anciano débil necesitaba ayuda para caminar.
C1 noun ˌɪn.tuˈɪʃ.ən

intuition

intuición
Meaning
The ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning.
Example
Her intuition told her something was wrong.
Su intuición le dijo que algo estaba mal.
C1 noun /ˌɪnflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/

inflexibility

inflexibilidad
Meaning
the quality of being rigid or unwilling to change; lack of adaptability
Example
The inflexibility of the rules caused unnecessary delays.
La inflexibilidad de las reglas causó retrasos innecesarios.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpiːtʃ/

impeach

impeachar
Meaning
To charge a public official with misconduct while in office.
Example
The parliament voted to impeach the president.
El parlamento votó para impugnar al presidente.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛtʃ.u.əs/

impetuous

impulsivo
Meaning
Acting or done quickly and without thought or care; impulsive.
Example
His impetuous decision led to unexpected consequences.
Su decisión impulsiva condujo a consecuencias inesperadas.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdetɪd/

Indebted

endeudado; agradecido
Meaning
owing money or gratitude to someone; obligated; grateful
Example
I am deeply indebted to my teacher for all her guidance.
Estoy profundamente endeudado con mi profesora por toda su orientación.
C1 noun (plural) /ˈɪndɪˌsiːz/

indices

índices
Meaning
plural form of index; statistical measures or reference points used for comparison
Example
Stock market indices fell sharply after the announcement.
Los índices del mercado de valores cayeron drásticamente después del anuncio.
C1 verb /ˈɪmplɪˌkeɪt/

implicate

implicar
Meaning
To show someone’s involvement in a crime or wrongdoing.
Example
The evidence implicated several officials in the scandal.
La evidencia implicó a varios funcionarios en el escándalo.
C1 verb ɪˈmɜːrs

immerse

sumergir
Meaning
To involve oneself deeply in a particular activity or interest; to surround completely.
Example
Immerse yourself in the new language.
Sumérgete en el nuevo idioma.
C1 verb /ɪˈmɔːrtəlaɪz/

immortalize

inmortalizar
Meaning
to preserve the memory of someone or something forever
Example
The statue was built to immortalize the hero’s sacrifice.
La estatua fue construida para inmortalizar el sacrificio del héroe.
C1 noun /ˈɪn.tə.lekt/

intellect

intelecto
Meaning
The ability to think, reason, and understand objectively.
Example
Her intellect is admired by all her colleagues.
Su intelecto es admirado por todos sus colegas.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfleɪtɪd/

inflated

inflado
Meaning
excessively increased in size, value, or importance; filled with air or gas
Example
The company faced criticism for its inflated prices.
La empresa enfrentó críticas por sus precios inflados.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæsɪv/

impassive

impasible
Meaning
Not showing or feeling emotion; expressionless.
Example
Despite the shocking news, she remained impassive.
A pesar de las noticias impactantes, ella permaneció impasible.
C1 noun ˈɪn.fər.əns

inference

inferencia
Meaning
A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning; logical deduction.
Example
Scientists make inferences based on experimental data.
Los científicos hacen inferencias basadas en datos experimentales.
C1 noun /ˈɪnkwest/

inquest

investigación
Meaning
A legal or official inquiry, especially into the cause of a death.
Example
The inquest revealed the cause of the accident.
La investigación reveló la causa del accidente.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌktɪv/

inductive

inductivo
Meaning
characterized by the inference of general laws from particular instances; reasoning from specific cases to general principles
Example
The scientist used inductive reasoning to form a hypothesis.
El científico usó razonamiento inductivo para formular una hipótesis.
C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl̩ ˈkɒmpɪtənsi

indispensable competency

competencia indispensable
Meaning
Essential skill or ability that cannot be done without; a crucial capability that is absolutely necessary.
Example
Digital literacy is an indispensable competency in the 21st century.
La alfabetización digital es una competencia indispensable en el siglo XXI.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmoʊbəl/

immobile

inmóvil
Meaning
unable to move or be moved
Example
After the accident, he was immobile for weeks.
Después del accidente, estuvo inmóvil durante semanas.