crustacean
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C1 noun /krʌˈsteɪʃən/

crustacean

animal acuático con caparazón duro
Meaning
an aquatic animal with a hard shell, such as crabs, lobsters, and shrimps
Example
Crabs and lobsters are well-known crustaceans.
Los cangrejos y langostas son conocidos crustáceos.
C1 adjective /rɪˈtɜː.nə.bəl/

Returnable

devolvible
Meaning
able to be returned or given back
Example
The bottle is returnable for a deposit refund.
La botella es devolvible para un reembolso del depósito.
C1 noun /rɪˈsaɪtl/

recital

recital
Meaning
A performance of music, dance, or poetry, usually by a soloist.
Example
She gave a piano recital at the concert hall.
Ella dio un recital de piano en la sala de conciertos.
C1 noun /rɪˌtæl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/

Retaliation

represalia
Meaning
the action of returning a military attack; counterattack; revenge for an injury or wrong
Example
The country threatened retaliation against any act of aggression.
El país amenazó con represalias contra cualquier acto de agresión.
C1 adjective ˈek.wɪ.tə.bəl

equitable

equitativo
Meaning
Fair and impartial
Example
Equitable AI ensures fairness in technology use.
La IA equitativa asegura la justicia en el uso de la tecnología.
C1 noun ˌpriː.dɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ən

predisposition

predisposición
Meaning
A natural tendency or inclination toward a particular behavior or condition.
Example
Genetic factors can influence a person's predisposition to diseases.
Los factores genéticos pueden influir en la predisposición de una persona a las enfermedades.
C1 noun /ˈpɛs.tɪ.saɪd ˈrɛz.ɪ.djuː/

pesticide-residue

residuos de pesticidas
Meaning
Chemical remnants left over from pesticides used on crops or in soil.
Example
Excess pesticide-residue in food can be harmful to health.
El exceso de residuos de pesticidas en los alimentos puede ser perjudicial para la salud.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈsoʊld/

unsold

no vendido
Meaning
not sold; remaining without a buyer
Example
The unsold goods were returned to the warehouse.
Los productos no vendidos fueron devueltos al almacén.
C1 noun /ˈtæpəstri/

tapestry

tapiz
Meaning
A piece of thick textile fabric with pictures or designs woven into it, often hung on walls.
Example
The museum displayed an ancient tapestry from the 15th century.
El museo exhibió un tapiz antiguo del siglo XV.
C1 adjective /wɪðˈdrɔːn/

withdrawn

reservado
Meaning
quiet and shy; not wanting to talk to others
Example
After the incident, he became withdrawn and avoided his friends.
Después del incidente, se volvió reservado y evitó a sus amigos.
C1 noun /ˈmæksɪm/

maxim

máxima
Meaning
a short, well-known statement expressing a general truth or rule of conduct
Example
Honesty is a timeless maxim valued in every culture.
La honestidad es una máxima atemporal valorada en todas las culturas.
C1 noun /əˈdʒɪl.ɪ.ti/

agility

agilidad
Meaning
Ability to work quickly and easily, both physically and mentally.
Example
Mental agility is essential for problem-solving.
La agilidad mental es esencial para resolver problemas.
C1 adjective /klaɪˈmæktɪk/

climactic

climático
Meaning
Relating to the most exciting or important moment of something.
Example
The film ended with a climactic battle scene.
La película terminó con una escena de batalla climática.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.kiːt/

Parakeet

periquito
Meaning
a small colorful parrot with a long tail, often kept as a pet
Example
The green parakeet learned to say hello.
El periquito verde aprendió a decir hola.
C1 noun /ˌdɪspɛnˈseɪʃən/

dispensation

dispensa
Meaning
An exemption from a rule or usual requirement; a system of order, government, or control.
Example
The school granted him a special dispensation to skip the exam due to illness.
La escuela le concedió una dispensa especial para ausentarse del examen debido a una enfermedad.
C1 noun /ˈhɜːrniə/

hernia

hernia
Meaning
A medical condition where an organ pushes through the muscle or tissue holding it in place.
Example
The doctor diagnosed him with an inguinal hernia.
El doctor le diagnosticó una hernia inguinal.
C1 noun /ˈrɛnɪˌɡeɪd/

renegade

renegado
Meaning
a person who deserts or betrays an organization, country, or principles
Example
He was labeled a renegade after leaving the party and criticizing its policies.
Fue etiquetado como un renegado después de dejar el partido y criticar sus políticas.
C1 verb /ˈtɪŋkər/

tinker

ajustar
Meaning
to make small adjustments or repairs to something, often experimentally or imperfectly
Example
He likes to tinker with old radios in his garage.
A él le gusta ajustar radios viejos en su garaje.
C1 noun /ˈʃær.ən fruːt/

Sharon fruit

fruta shéron
Meaning
a sweet orange persimmon fruit that can be eaten when firm
Example
The Sharon fruit is sweet and can be eaten like an apple.
la fruta shéron es dulce y se puede comer como una manzana.
C1 noun /rɪˈsɜː.dʒəns/

resurgence

resurgimiento
Meaning
An increase or revival after a period of little activity, popularity, or occurrence.
Example
The city saw a resurgence in tourism after the pandemic.
La ciudad vio un resurgimiento en el turismo después de la pandemia.
C1 noun /ˈproʊbeɪt/

probate

prueba testamentaria
Meaning
the official proving of a will in a court of law
Example
The family had to go through probate after his death.
La familia tuvo que pasar por el proceso de prueba testamentaria después de su muerte.
C1 noun /ˌstætɪˈstɪʃən/

statistician

estadístico
Meaning
A person who specializes in collecting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data.
Example
The statistician presented the survey results with great clarity.
El estadístico presentó los resultados de la encuesta con gran claridad.
C1 noun /ˈɛksɜːrpt/

excerpt

extracto
Meaning
A short portion taken from a text, film, or piece of music.
Example
The teacher read an excerpt from the novel.
El maestro leyó un extracto de la novela.
C1 adjective /ˈspɛktrəl/

spectral

espectral
Meaning
Relating to a ghost or specter; ghostly. Also relating to a spectrum.
Example
The old mansion had a spectral atmosphere at night.
La vieja mansión tenía una atmósfera espectral por la noche.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪəbəl/

unemployable

desempleable
Meaning
Not able to be employed; lacking the skills or qualities necessary for employment
Example
Due to his criminal record, he was considered unemployable in most companies.
Debido a su historial criminal, fue considerado desempleable en la mayoría de las empresas.
C1 adjective /əbˈzɜːrvənt/

Observant

observador
Meaning
quick to notice things; watchful; attentive
Example
The observant detective noticed every small detail at the crime scene.
El detective observador notó cada pequeño detalle en la escena del crimen.
C1 verb /diːˈkoʊd/

decode

decodificar
Meaning
to convert a coded message into a readable form; to interpret meaning
Example
The software can decode the hidden message within seconds.
El software puede decodificar el mensaje oculto en segundos.
C1 verb /slaʊtʃ/

slouch

encorvarse
Meaning
To stand, sit, or move in a lazy or awkward way.
Example
He slouched in the chair, looking tired.
Se encorvó en la silla, luciendo cansado.
C1 noun /ˈɒntreɪ/ (UK), /ˈɑːntreɪ/ (US)

entree

plato principal
Meaning
The main course of a meal (US); the right to enter or access (formal).
Example
The restaurant’s signature steak was served as the main entree.
El filete característico del restaurante se sirvió como plato principal.
C1 noun/adjective /ɪˈliːtɪst/

elitist

elitista
Meaning
A person who believes that a society should be led by an elite; showing preference for a privileged class.
Example
His elitist attitude made him unpopular among his peers.
Su actitud elitista lo hizo impopular entre sus compañeros.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtrɛpɪd/

intrepid

intrépido
Meaning
fearless and adventurous, often used humorously
Example
The intrepid traveler explored the jungle alone.
El intrépido viajero exploró la jungla solo.
C1 adjective /ˌhæpˈhæz.ɚd/

haphazard

aleatorio
Meaning
Lacking any obvious principle of organization; random.
Example
His haphazard approach led to project failure.
Su enfoque aleatorio condujo al fracaso del proyecto.
C1 noun /ˈkɑr.nɪdʒ/

Carnage

carnicería
Meaning
the killing of a large number of people; widespread slaughter
Example
The battlefield was filled with carnage after the brutal war.
El campo de batalla estaba lleno de carnicería después de la guerra brutal.
C1 verb /pərˈspaɪər/

perspire

sudar
Meaning
To give out sweat through the pores of the skin as a result of heat, physical exertion, or stress.
Example
He began to perspire after running for 10 minutes.
Él comenzó a sudar después de correr por 10 minutos.
C1 verb, noun /ˈflʌstər/

fluster

confundir
Meaning
to make someone agitated or confused
Example
The unexpected question flustered him.
La pregunta inesperada lo confundió.
C1 adjective /pəˈrɛniəl/

perennial

perenne
Meaning
lasting or existing for a long time, or recurring continually
Example
Climate change is a perennial concern for scientists.
El cambio climático es una preocupación perenne para los científicos.
C1 verb /əˈluːd/

allude

aludir
Meaning
To refer to something indirectly or casually.
Example
The professor alluded to Shakespeare during the lecture.
El profesor aludió a Shakespeare durante la conferencia.
C1 adjective /ˌwɛlˈbrɛd/

well-bred

bien educado
Meaning
Having or showing good manners; properly raised.
Example
She is a well-bred young lady with excellent manners.
Ella es una joven bien educada con excelentes modales.
C1 noun /rɪˈflɛktər/

reflector

reflector
Meaning
A surface or device that reflects light, heat, or sound, often used to direct beams or improve visibility.
Example
The cyclist attached a red reflector to the back of his bike for safety.
El ciclista colocó un reflector rojo en la parte trasera de su bicicleta para mayor seguridad.
C1 noun ˌsɪs.təˈmæt.ɪk ˈstræt.ə.dʒi

systematic strategy

estrategia sistemática
Meaning
A methodical and organized plan or approach to achieve specific objectives.
Example
A systematic strategy was employed to achieve objectives.
Se empleó una estrategia sistemática para alcanzar los objetivos.
C1 noun /daɪˈvɜː.ʃən/

Diversion

desviación
Meaning
the action of turning something aside from its course; an activity that diverts the mind
Example
The road closure forced a diversion through the countryside for all travelers.
El cierre de la carretera obligó a una desviación a través del campo para todos los viajeros.
C1 noun /mɪˈlɛniəm/

millennium

milenio
Meaning
a period of one thousand years; often used to mark an anniversary
Example
The year 2000 was celebrated as the beginning of a new millennium.
El año 2000 se celebró como el comienzo de un nuevo milenio.
C1 adjective /ˈwɪr.i.səm/

Wearisome

agotador; tedioso y aburrido
Meaning
causing tiredness; tedious; boring and exhausting
Example
The wearisome journey took twelve hours to complete.
El agotador viaje tomó doce horas para completarse.
C1 noun /ˌdʒerənˈtɑːlədʒi/

gerontology

gerontología
Meaning
The scientific study of old age and the process of aging.
Example
She chose to specialize in gerontology after completing medical school.
Ella decidió especializarse en gerontología después de completar la escuela de medicina.
C1 adjective /ˈskrʌfi/

Scruffy

desaliñado o desordenado en apariencia; sucio y desgastado
Meaning
untidy or unkempt in appearance; shabby and worn
Example
The scruffy old dog wandered through the streets looking for food.
El perro desaliñado caminó por las calles buscando comida.
C1 noun /ˈʃæpəroʊn/

chaperon

acompañante
Meaning
An older person who accompanies and supervises young people in social situations.
Example
The teacher acted as a chaperon during the school dance.
El maestro actuó como un acompañante durante el baile escolar.
C1 noun /ˈmælədi/

Malady

enfermedad; malestar; dolencia
Meaning
A disease or ailment; a serious problem
Example
The doctor diagnosed a rare malady that affected her nervous system.
El doctor diagnosticó una enfermedad rara que afectó su sistema nervioso.
C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl̩ ˈkɒmpɪtənsi

indispensable competency

competencia indispensable
Meaning
Essential skill or ability that cannot be done without; a crucial capability that is absolutely necessary.
Example
Digital literacy is an indispensable competency in the 21st century.
La alfabetización digital es una competencia indispensable en el siglo XXI.
C1 verb /ˈtrɪkl̩/

trickle

gotear
Meaning
To flow or fall in a small, slow stream or drops.
Example
Water began to trickle down the wall after the heavy rain.
Después de la lluvia intensa, el agua comenzó a gotear por la pared.
C1 noun /ˈɪnlɛt/

inlet

entrada
Meaning
A small arm of the sea, a lake, or a river; an opening or passage for entry.
Example
The boat entered a narrow inlet along the coast.
El bote entró en una entrada estrecha a lo largo de la costa.
C1 noun /ˈpɪnəkəl/

pinnacle

cima
Meaning
the highest point or peak of something, especially of success or achievement
Example
Winning the Nobel Prize was the pinnacle of her career.
Ganar el Premio Nobel fue el pináculo de su carrera.
C1 verb /ʃraʊd/

shroud

envolver
Meaning
to cover or hide; to wrap in cloth
Example
The mountain peak was shrouded in mist.
La cima de la montaña estaba envuelta en niebla.
C1 noun /pɒmp/

pomp

pompa, esplendor
Meaning
ceremonial display or splendor; grandeur
Example
The graduation ceremony was full of pomp and circumstance.
La ceremonia de graduación estuvo llena de pompa y esplendor.
C1 adjective /ˌærɪˈstɒkrætɪk/

Aristocratic

aristocrático; perteneciente a la nobleza
Meaning
noble; having the manners of the upper class
Example
She had an aristocratic bearing that commanded respect.
Ella tenía una actitud aristocrática que imponía respeto.
C1 verb /dɪˈflɛkt/

deflect

desviar / eludir
Meaning
to cause something to change direction; to avoid answering directly
Example
The shield deflected the incoming arrow.
El escudo desvió la flecha entrante.
C1 adjective /ˈfɪk.əl/

Fickle

inconstante; volátil; cambiante;
Meaning
changeable; inconstant; liable to sudden unpredictable change
Example
His fickle nature made it hard to trust his promises.
Su naturaleza inconstante hizo que fuera difícil confiar en sus promesas.
C1 adjective /sɪmˈfɒnɪk/

symphonic

sinfónico
Meaning
relating to or having the character of a symphony or symphony orchestra
Example
The concert featured a symphonic masterpiece.
El concierto presentó una obra maestra sinfónica.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈvɪzəbl/

indivisible

indivisible
Meaning
Not able to be divided or separated.
Example
The country's unity was indivisible despite differences.
La unidad del país era indivisible a pesar de las diferencias.
C1 verb /rɪˈɡrɛs/

regress

retroceder
Meaning
To return to a former or less developed state.
Example
Without proper guidance, the child's progress began to regress.
Sin una guía adecuada, el progreso del niño comenzó a retroceder.
C1 noun ɪˌræʃ.ənˈæl.ɪ.ti

irrationality

irracionalidad, falta de lógica, irrazonabilidad
Meaning
The quality of being illogical or unreasonable; lack of rational thought.
Example
His decision was driven by complete irrationality.
Su decisión fue impulsada por una irracionalidad completa.
C1 adjective /ˈdraʊ.zi/

Drowsy

somnoliento; adormilado; cansado
Meaning
feeling sleepy and lethargic; half asleep; tired
Example
I felt drowsy after the heavy meal.
Me sentí somnoliento después de la comida pesada.
C1 adjective /ˈfeɪt.fəl/

fateful

decisivo o fatal
Meaning
having significant or disastrous consequences
Example
Their fateful decision changed the course of history.
Su decisión decisiva cambió el curso de la historia.
C1 noun /ˈlɔːriət/

laureate

galardonado
Meaning
A person honored with an award for outstanding achievement in a field, especially the arts or sciences.
Example
The Nobel laureate gave an inspiring lecture on peace.
El laureado Nobel dio una conferencia inspiradora sobre la paz.
C1 noun /taɪˈkuːn/

tycoon

magnate
Meaning
a wealthy, powerful businessperson
Example
The real estate tycoon invested in several skyscrapers.
El magnate inmobiliario invirtió en varios rascacielos.
C1 noun, verb /ˈfɜːrloʊ/

furlough

licencia temporal
Meaning
temporary leave of absence from work, especially that granted to an employee or soldier
Example
Many workers were placed on furlough during the crisis.
Muchos trabajadores fueron puestos en furlough durante la crisis.
C1 adjective, noun /ɔːɡˈzɪliəri/

auxiliary

auxiliar
Meaning
(adjective) providing supplementary or additional help and support; (noun) a person or thing that provides auxiliary support
Example
The hospital has an auxiliary power generator in case of emergencies.
El hospital tiene un generador de energía auxiliar en caso de emergencias.
C1 noun /ˈdɛməɡɒɡ/

demagogue

líder demagógico
Meaning
A political leader who seeks support by appealing to popular desires and prejudices rather than by using rational argument.
Example
The crowd was swayed by the fiery speeches of the demagogue.
La multitud fue influenciada por los discursos apasionados del líder demagógico.
C1 noun /bɑːrˈbeəriən/

Barbarian

bárbaro; salvaje;
Meaning
a person from an uncivilized group; someone who is cruel or brutal
Example
The ancient Romans considered anyone outside their empire to be barbarians.
Los antiguos romanos consideraban bárbaros a todos los que estaban fuera de su imperio.
C1 verb /kliːv/

cleave

dividir, cortar
Meaning
to split or divide; to cut through forcefully
Example
He used an axe to cleave the wood.
Usó un hacha para dividir la madera.
C1 adjective /bɪˈriːvd/

Bereaved

afligido
Meaning
having lost a loved one through death
Example
The bereaved family received many condolences.
La familia afligida recibió muchas condolencias.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈkɒm.prə.maɪ.zɪŋ/

Uncompromising

intransigente, inflexible
Meaning
unwilling to change one's views or to agree about something; showing an unwillingness to make concessions to others
Example
He was uncompromising in his demand for a full apology.
Él era intransigente en su demanda de una disculpa completa.
C1 noun /ɪnˈtɛstɪn/

intestine

intestino
Meaning
The part of the digestive system where food is digested and absorbed, extending from the stomach to the anus.
Example
The doctor explained how nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.
El doctor explicó cómo los nutrientes se absorben en el intestino delgado.
C1 noun /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənts/

antecedents

antecedentes
Meaning
previous events, conditions, or people that influence or serve as a basis for something that follows
Example
The lawyer examined the criminal antecedents of the suspect.
El abogado examinó los antecedentes criminales del sospechoso.
C1 adjective /ˌfɑːrˈfɛtʃt/

far-fetched

increíble
Meaning
unlikely to happen or be true; improbable
Example
His explanation for being late was a bit far-fetched.
Su explicación por llegar tarde era un poco increíble.
C1 noun /ˈsæf.rən/

Saffron

azafrán
Meaning
a deep yellow-orange color; an expensive spice derived from crocus flowers
Example
The saffron fabric looked beautiful in the sunlight.
La tela de azafrán se veía hermosa a la luz del sol.
C1 noun /ˈmɑːrtərdəm/

Martyrdom

martirio
Meaning
The suffering of death on account of adherence to a cause or principle
Example
His martyrdom inspired countless others to join the freedom movement.
Su martirio inspiró a innumerables otros a unirse al movimiento por la libertad.
C1 adjective /dɪˈstrɔːt/

distraught

desconcertado
Meaning
extremely upset and anxious, often to the point of being unable to think clearly
Example
She was distraught after losing her pet.
Ella estaba desconcertada después de perder su mascota.
C1 noun /hoʊks/

Hoax

broma; engaño; farsa
Meaning
a humorous or malicious deception; something intended to trick or deceive people
Example
The news about aliens landing turned out to be an elaborate hoax created by pranksters.
La noticia sobre aterrizajes alienígenas resultó ser una elaborada broma creada por bromistas.
C1 adjective ɪnˈdʒiː.ni.əs

ingenious

ingenioso
Meaning
Showing inventiveness and skill; clever, original, and inventive.
Example
His ingenious ideas transformed modern physics.
Sus ideas ingeniosas transformaron la física moderna.
C1 adjective /ˈkælkjʊleɪtɪŋ/

calculating

calculador
Meaning
acting in a scheming and ruthlessly determined way
Example
He had a cold and calculating approach to business.
Tenía un enfoque frío y calculador hacia los negocios.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːbərn/

auburn

castaño rojizo
Meaning
reddish-brown in color, especially used to describe hair
Example
She has long auburn hair that shines in the sunlight.
Ella tiene el cabello largo y castaño rojizo que brilla al sol.
C1 noun /ˈdʒʌɡ.lər/

Juggler

malabarista
Meaning
a person who skillfully throws and catches objects as entertainment
Example
The juggler entertained the crowd with his amazing ball tricks.
El malabarista entretuvo a la multitud con sus increibles trucos con pelotas.
C1 noun /ˈkliː.vər/

Cleaver

cuchillo grande
Meaning
a heavy knife with a broad blade used for chopping meat or vegetables
Example
The chef used a cleaver to chop the chicken bones.
El chef usó un cuchillo grande para cortar los huesos del pollo.
C1 verb /dɪˈpriːʃieɪt/

depreciate

depreciar
Meaning
to reduce in value over time
Example
Cars tend to depreciate quickly in their first few years.
Los coches tienden a depreciarse rápidamente en sus primeros años.
C1 adjective /pərˈsɛptəbl̩/

perceptible

perceptible
Meaning
Able to be noticed or recognized by the senses or the mind.
Example
There was a perceptible change in the atmosphere.
Hubo un cambio perceptible en la atmósfera.
C1 noun /ˌʌnprɪˈdɪktəˌbɪləti/

unpredictability

imprevisibilidad
Meaning
The quality of being impossible to predict or anticipate.
Example
The unpredictability of the weather made the trip uncertain.
La imprevisibilidad del clima hizo que el viaje fuera incierto.
C1 adverb /ˌɪn.ədˈvɜːr.tənt.li/

Inadvertently

inadvertidamente; sin intención; por error
Meaning
without being aware of what you are doing; unintentionally; by mistake
Example
She inadvertently deleted the important file while cleaning her computer.
Ella eliminó accidentalmente el archivo importante mientras limpiaba su computadora.
C1 noun /ˈlaɪtʃi/

Litchi

lichi
Meaning
a small oval pink-red tropical fruit with white translucent flesh and sweet taste
Example
The litchi has a rough pink shell that you peel to eat the sweet white fruit inside.
El litchi tiene una cáscara rosa rugosa que se pela para comer la fruta blanca y dulce en su interior.
C1 noun /əbˈzɜːrvətɔːri/

observatory

observatorio
Meaning
A building equipped for observing astronomical or meteorological events.
Example
The observatory is open to the public on weekends.
El observatorio está abierto al público los fines de semana.
C1 noun /ɪˈnæməl/

enamel

esmalte
Meaning
a hard, glossy substance used as a protective or decorative coating; the hard outer layer of teeth
Example
The dentist explained that enamel protects the teeth from decay.
El dentista explicó que el esmalte protege los dientes de la caries.
C1 noun /ˈæntlɚ/

antler

cuerno de ciervo
Meaning
The branched horns on the head of a deer or similar animal, usually shed and regrown annually.
Example
The deer’s antlers grew larger each year.
Los cuernos de ciervo crecían más grandes cada año.
C1 noun /frɪˈvɒləti/

frivolity

frivolidad
Meaning
Lack of seriousness; silly or trivial behavior.
Example
The teacher discouraged frivolity during the exam.
El profesor desalentó la frivolidad durante el examen.
C1 verb /riːk/

wreak

causar daño
Meaning
to cause or inflict something, especially damage or harm
Example
The storm wreaked havoc on the coastal villages.
La tormenta causó grandes daños en los pueblos costeros.
C1 adjective /ˈstoʊɪk/

stoic

estoico, imperturbable
Meaning
Showing little or no emotion, even in difficult situations.
Example
She remained stoic during the crisis, never showing fear or panic.
Ella permaneció estoica durante la crisis, sin mostrar miedo ni pánico.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈbraɪdld/

unbridled

desenfrenado
Meaning
Uncontrolled and unrestrained.
Example
The protesters showed unbridled enthusiasm for change.
Los manifestantes mostraron entusiasmo desenfrenado por el cambio.
C1 adjective /səˈdɪs.tɪk/

sadistic

sádico
Meaning
Deriving pleasure from inflicting pain or suffering on others.
Example
The villain had a sadistic smile while hurting his enemies.
El villano tenía una sonrisa sádica mientras lastimaba a sus enemigos.
C1 noun ˌsætʃəˈreɪʃən

saturation

saturación
Meaning
The state of being saturated; the degree or extent to which something is dissolved or absorbed
Example
The saturation of the market with similar products reduced sales.
La saturación del mercado con productos similares redujo las ventas.
C1 noun /ˌklɔːstrəˈfəʊbiə/

claustrophobia

claustrofobia
Meaning
an extreme or irrational fear of being in confined spaces
Example
He avoids elevators because of his claustrophobia.
Él evita los ascensores debido a su claustrofobia.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɡreɪnd/

engrained

firmemente establecido, difícil de cambiar
Meaning
Firmly fixed or established; difficult to change.
Example
Cultural practices are often deeply engrained in the fabric of society.
Las prácticas culturales a menudo están profundamente arraigadas en el tejido de la sociedad.
C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrtɪnənt/

pertinent

pertinente
Meaning
Relevant or applicable to a particular matter.
Example
She asked a pertinent question during the meeting.
Ella hizo una pregunta pertinente durante la reunión.
C1 noun /ˈkærət/

carat

unidad de peso para piedras preciosas
Meaning
a unit of weight for precious stones, equal to 200 milligrams
Example
She received a two-carat diamond ring for her engagement.
Ella recibió un anillo de diamantes de dos quilates para su compromiso.
C1 verb /ˈædʒ.ɪ.teɪt/

agitate

agitar, provocar
Meaning
to stir up feelings or disturb; to campaign for change
Example
The protesters agitated for better working conditions.
Los manifestantes agitaron por mejores condiciones laborales.
C1 adjective /ˈlɔː.də.bəl/

laudable

loable
Meaning
Deserving praise and admiration.
Example
Her efforts to help the poor are truly laudable.
Sus esfuerzos para ayudar a los pobres son realmente loables.
C1 adjective /ˈhiːdləs/

heedless

despreocupado
Meaning
showing a reckless lack of care or attention
Example
He drove with heedless disregard for the rules.
Condujo con desprecio por las reglas.
C1 noun ˈmaɪ.krəʊˌnjuː.tri.ənts

micronutrients

micronutrientes
Meaning
Essential nutrients required by organisms in small quantities throughout life to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
Example
Micronutrients are essential for cellular function.
Los micronutrientes son esenciales para la función celular.
C1 noun /hɒˈstɪləti/

hostility

hostilidad
Meaning
hostile behavior; unfriendliness or opposition
Example
The negotiations ended in an atmosphere of hostility.
Las negociaciones terminaron en un ambiente de hostilidad.
C1 noun /daɪˈvɜː.dʒəns/

divergence

divergencia
Meaning
The process or state of diverging; a difference or deviation between two or more things.
Example
The divergence in their opinions led to a heated debate.
La divergencia en sus opiniones llevó a un debate acalorado.
C1 noun /ˈhæm.lət/

Hamlet

pequeña aldea
Meaning
a small rural settlement, smaller than a village; a small community
Example
The tiny hamlet nestled in the valley had only a dozen houses and one small church.
La pequeña aldea enclavada en el valle tenía solo una docena de casas y una pequeña iglesia.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈpɑːrtɪzən/

partisan

partidario
Meaning
A strong supporter of a party, cause, or person; showing biased allegiance.
Example
The debate quickly turned partisan, with each side defending their own agenda.
El debate rápidamente se volvió partidista, con cada lado defendiendo su propia agenda.
C1 noun ˈrɔɪəl ˈbɛŋɡəl ˈtaɪɡər

Royal Bengal Tiger

Tigre Real de Bengala
Meaning
A subspecies of tiger found primarily in India and Bangladesh, known for its distinctive orange coat with black stripes.
Example
The Royal Bengal Tiger is an iconic species of the Sundarbans.
El Tigre Real de Bengala es una especie icónica de los Sundarbans.
C1 noun /ˈsɑːɡə/

saga

gran historia
Meaning
A long story of heroic achievement, or a long, complex series of events.
Example
The company's rise and fall became a corporate saga.
El ascenso y la caída de la empresa se convirtió en una saga corporativa.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrpɪtreɪtər/

perpetrator

delincuente
Meaning
a person who commits a harmful, illegal, or immoral act
Example
The police arrested the perpetrator of the crime.
La policía arrestó al delincuente del crimen.
C1 adjective /ˈspeɪʃəl/

spatial

espacial
Meaning
relating to space or the position, area, and size of things
Example
The scientist studied the spatial arrangement of stars.
El científico estudió la disposición espacial de las estrellas.
C1 verb /məˈlɛst/

molest

acosar / molestar
Meaning
to assault or abuse someone, especially in a sexual or physical way
Example
The criminal was arrested for attempting to molest a child.
El criminal fue arrestado por intentar molestar a un niño.
C1 noun /ˈdɑːrwɪnɪzəm/

darwinism

darwinismo
Meaning
the theory of biological evolution developed by Charles Darwin, emphasizing natural selection
Example
Darwinism revolutionized the way scientists understood the origin of species.
El darwinismo revolucionó la forma en que los científicos entendían el origen de las especies.
C1 noun ziːl

zeal

celo
Meaning
Great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or objective; passion.
Example
She approached the project with great zeal and determination.
Ella abordó el proyecto con gran celo y determinación.
C1 adjective /məˈtɪk.jə.ləs/

meticulous

Extremadamente cuidadoso y preciso en la atención al detalle
Meaning
Extremely careful and precise in attention to detail
Example
A meticulous researcher checks every detail before publishing.
Un investigador meticuloso revisa cada detalle antes de publicar.
C1 noun /ˌprəʊˈæk.tɪv ˈliː.də.ʃɪp/

proactive leadership

liderazgo proactivo
Meaning
Leadership that takes initiative and anticipates problems before they occur, rather than reacting to events.
Example
Proactive leadership ensures timely decisions.
El liderazgo proactivo asegura decisiones oportunas.
C1 noun /nɒb/

Knob

un mango redondeado en una puerta o cajón; un interruptor redondeado pequeño en una máquina
Meaning
a rounded handle on a door or drawer; a small rounded switch on a machine
Example
He turned the brass knob to open the old wooden door.
Giró el pomo de latón para abrir la puerta de madera vieja.
C1 noun/verb /stæmˈpiːd/

stampede

estampida
Meaning
A sudden, uncontrolled rush of people or animals; to cause a mass movement.
Example
The loud noise caused a stampede of the crowd.
El fuerte ruido causó una estampida de la multitud.
C1 noun, verb /ˈfɛrɪt/

ferret

hurón, buscar persistentemente o descubrir algo
Meaning
a small domesticated animal used for hunting; to search or uncover something persistently
Example
He ferreted out the hidden documents.
Él sacó los documentos ocultos.