countermand
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C2 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈmænd/

countermand

revocar una orden
Meaning
to revoke or cancel an order or command
Example
The general countermanded the previous orders immediately.
El general revocó las órdenes anteriores inmediatamente.
C2 verb /əˈkuːtə/

accoutre

vestir
Meaning
to dress or equip, especially in something impressive or elaborate
Example
The knight was accoutred in shining armor.
El caballero estaba vestido con brillante armadura.
C2 noun /ˈbɔːlsəm/

Balsam

flor de bálsamo
Meaning
a flowering plant with colorful blooms that often open in the evening; also refers to aromatic resin
Example
The garden balsam flowers bloomed beautifully in various shades of pink and purple.
Las flores de bálsamo del jardín florecieron hermosamente en varios tonos de rosa y morado.
C2 noun /ˈmaɪkrəˌkɒzəm/

microcosm

microcosmos
Meaning
A small, representative system having analogies to a larger system; a miniature version of something.
Example
The small town is a microcosm of the entire nation.
El pequeño pueblo es un microcosmos de toda la nación.
C2 verb /prɪmp/

primp

felicidad
Meaning
To spend time making minor adjustments to one's appearance.
Example
She primped in front of the mirror before the party.
Ella no pudo esconder su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C2 adjective /bɪˈwɪtʃɪŋ/

bewitching

hechizante
Meaning
charming, enchanting, or captivating in a magical or irresistible way
Example
She wore a bewitching smile that captivated everyone in the room.
Ella llevaba una sonrisa hechizante que cautivó a todos en la sala.
C2 verb /mʌlkt/

mulct

multar / defraudar
Meaning
to punish by a fine or to defraud someone of money
Example
The corrupt official was mulcted for his misconduct.
El funcionario corrupto fue multado por su mala conducta.
C2 noun /pɛnˈtæmɪtər/

pentameter

pentámetro
Meaning
A line of verse consisting of five metrical feet.
Example
Shakespeare often wrote his plays in iambic pentameter.
Shakespeare a menudo escribía sus obras en pentámetro yámbico.
C2 noun /ˌfɪziˈɒnəmi/

physiognomy

estudio de las características faciales
Meaning
the study of facial features to judge character or personality
Example
He believed in physiognomy and tried to read people's personalities from their faces.
Él creía en la fisiognomía e intentaba leer las personalidades de las personas desde sus rostros.
C2 adverb /əˈbɛd/

abed

en la cama
Meaning
in bed
Example
She stayed abed all day due to illness.
Se quedó en la cama todo el día debido a la enfermedad.
C2 noun /aɪˈoʊtə/

iota

un mínimo
Meaning
An extremely small amount.
Example
He did not show an iota of fear.
No mostró ni un mínimo de miedo.
C2 verb /əbˈtruːd/

obtrude

obstruir
Meaning
to force oneself or one's ideas into a situation uninvited or inappropriately
Example
He didn’t want to obtrude into their private conversation.
Él no quería obstruir su conversación privada.
C2 noun ˈvaɪ.və ˈvəʊs

viva voce

examen oral
Meaning
An oral examination, typically for an academic qualification.
Example
Viva Voce tests communication skills.
Las pruebas de Viva Voce evalúan las habilidades de comunicación.
C2 adjective /ˈpeɪli/

paly

rayado
Meaning
striped with different colors, usually used in heraldry
Example
The knight’s shield was decorated with paly stripes of red and gold.
El escudo del caballero estaba decorado con rayas rayadas de rojo y oro.
C2 noun ˈfaɪ.təʊˌnjuː.tri.ənt

phytonutrient

fitonutriente
Meaning
Chemical compounds produced by plants that are beneficial to human health but not essential nutrients.
Example
Broccoli is rich in phytonutrients that enhance immunity.
El brócoli es rico en fitonutrientes que mejoran la inmunidad.
C2 noun /ˈsɒfɪzəm/

sophism

sofisma
Meaning
a clever but misleading argument; fallacious reasoning
Example
The politician's speech was full of sophism designed to mislead voters.
El discurso del político estaba lleno de sofismo diseñado para engañar a los votantes.
C2 noun /ˈdʒɪŋɡoʊˌɪzəm/

jingoism

patriotismo extremo
Meaning
extreme patriotism expressed in aggressive foreign policy
Example
The politician's speech was filled with jingoism.
El discurso del político estaba lleno de jingoísmo.
C2 adjective /vɜːrˈtɪdʒɪnəs/

vertiginous

vertiginoso
Meaning
Causing dizziness due to great height or steepness.
Example
The tourists looked down from the vertiginous cliffs with awe.
Los turistas miraron hacia abajo desde los acantilados vertiginosos con asombro.
C2 noun /ˌpætrəˈnɪmɪk/

patronymic

patronímico
Meaning
a name derived from the name of a father or ancestor
Example
In many cultures, surnames are patronymic in origin.
En muchas culturas, los apellidos son patronímicos en origen.
C2 adjective /kænˈtæŋ.kər.əs/

cantankerous

gruñón
Meaning
Bad-tempered, argumentative, and uncooperative.
Example
The cantankerous old man complained about everything.
El gruñón anciano se quejó de todo.
C2 noun /ˌpoʊpʊˈriː/

potpourri

mezcla de flores secas
Meaning
a mixture of dried flowers and spices kept in a bowl to perfume a room; a miscellaneous collection
Example
The living room was filled with the scent of potpourri.
La sala de estar estaba llena con el aroma del potpourri.
C2 adjective /eɪˈsɛptɪk/

aseptic

libre de gérmenes
Meaning
Free from contamination caused by harmful microorganisms; sterile.
Example
Surgeons must work in an aseptic environment to prevent infection.
Los cirujanos deben trabajar en un ambiente aséptico para prevenir infecciones.
C2 verb /həˈræŋ/

harangue

hacer un discurso largo y enérgico
Meaning
to deliver a long, passionate, and often angry speech
Example
The politician harangued the crowd for over an hour.
El político hizo un discurso a la multitud por más de una hora.
C2 adjective /ˈluːpi/

loopy

loco
Meaning
crazy, silly, or eccentric
Example
After working all night, he felt a little loopy.
Después de trabajar toda la noche, se sintió un poco loco.
C2 noun /ˈkɒnk.leɪv/

conclave

conclave secreto
Meaning
a private meeting, especially a secret or important one
Example
The leaders met in a secret conclave to discuss the strategy.
Los líderes se reunieron en un conclave secreto para discutir la estrategia.
C2 verb /prɒɡˈnɒstɪkeɪt/

prognosticate

pronosticar
Meaning
To foretell or predict future events, especially based on current signs.
Example
Experts attempted to prognosticate the outcome of the election.
Los expertos intentaron pronosticar el resultado de las elecciones.
C2 noun ˌsʌb.dʒʊˈɡeɪ.ʃən

subjugation

subyugación o dominación
Meaning
The action of bringing someone or something under domination or control, especially by force.
Example
The subjugation of weaker nations by colonial powers shaped history.
La subyugación de naciones más débiles por parte de potencias coloniales dio forma a la historia.
C2 adjective /ˈnjuːbaɪl/

nubile

nublia
Meaning
of a young woman, sexually mature and suitable for marriage
Example
The village was celebrating the festival with its nubile maidens dancing.
El pueblo estaba celebrando el festival con sus nubias bailando.
C2 noun /əˈrɪə/

arrear

deuda pendiente
Meaning
A debt or payment that is overdue and unpaid.
Example
He was sued for an arrear of rent.
Fue demandado por una deuda pendiente de alquiler.
C2 verb /ˈbɒtənaɪz/

botanize

estudiar plantas
Meaning
to study plants in their natural environment
Example
They went to the forest to botanize during their vacation.
Fueron al bosque a estudiar plantas durante sus vacaciones.
C2 adjective /ˈsfɪŋks laɪk/

sphinx-like

misterioso
Meaning
Mysterious, enigmatic, or difficult to interpret
Example
Her sphinx-like smile made it hard to guess what she was thinking.
Su sonrisa de esfinge hacía que fuera difícil adivinar lo que estaba pensando.
C2 verb /daʊz/

dowse

buscar agua o minerales usando una vara de adivinación; o empapar o apagar con líquido.
Meaning
To search for underground water or minerals using a divining rod; also to drench or extinguish with liquid.
Example
The farmer tried to dowse for water in the dry field.
El agricultor intentó buscar agua en el campo seco.
C2 adjective /ˈmɛtrɪkəl/

metrical

métrico
Meaning
Relating to or composed in a regular rhythmic pattern of beats or meter, especially in poetry.
Example
The poet carefully followed metrical rules in his verses.
El poeta siguió cuidadosamente las reglas métricas en sus versos.
C2 noun /ˈkænə/

Canna

canna
Meaning
a tropical flowering plant with large, colorful flowers and broad leaves
Example
The bright orange canna lilies grew tall beside the pond.
Los lirios de canna de color naranja brillante crecieron altos junto al estanque.
C2 adjective /ˌpɛrənˈθɛtɪkəl/

parenthetical

comentario entre paréntesis
Meaning
Relating to or expressed in parentheses; a side remark or digression.
Example
He added a parenthetical comment during the lecture.
Añadió un comentario entre paréntesis durante la conferencia.
C2 noun /koʊˈæɡjələnt/

coagulant

coagulante
Meaning
a substance that causes blood or another liquid to clot
Example
The doctor applied a coagulant to stop the bleeding quickly.
El doctor aplicó un coagulante para detener la hemorragia rápidamente.
C2 verb /ˌdɪspəˈzɛs/

dispossess

despojar
Meaning
to deprive someone of land, property, or other possessions
Example
The new law threatened to dispossess many farmers of their land.
La nueva ley amenazó con despojar a muchos agricultores de sus tierras.
C2 verb /blæsˈfiːm/

blaspheme

blasfemar
Meaning
to speak irreverently about God or sacred things
Example
He was accused of blaspheming during the heated argument.
Fue acusado de blasfemar durante la discusión acalorada.
C2 adjective /ˌɛpɪkjʊˈriːən/

epicurean

epicurista
Meaning
relating to the enjoyment of fine food, drink, and luxury
Example
The chef prepared an epicurean feast for the guests.
El chef preparó un banquete epicurista para los invitados.
C2 adjective, adverb /əˈfʊt/

afoot

en marcha
Meaning
In progress; happening or being prepared.
Example
There are several new projects afoot in the company.
Hay varios proyectos nuevos en marcha en la empresa.
C2 noun /ˈæktʃuˌɛri/

actuary

actuario
Meaning
A professional who analyzes financial risk using mathematics, statistics, and financial theory, especially in insurance and pensions.
Example
The actuary calculated the risk before finalizing the insurance policy.
El actuario calculó el riesgo antes de finalizar la póliza de seguro.
C2 adjective /ˌprɒvɪˈdɛnʃəl/

providential

providencial
Meaning
occurring at a favorable or opportune time, as if guided by divine intervention
Example
Their timely rescue was considered providential.
Su rescate oportuno se consideró providencial.
C2 noun /ɪˌpɪstəˈmɒlədʒɪst/

epistemologist

epistemólogo
Meaning
A scholar or expert who studies the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge.
Example
The epistemologist debated how humans can truly know anything with certainty.
El epistemólogo debatió sobre cómo los humanos pueden conocer algo con certeza.
C2 adjective /ˌɪɡ.nəˈmɪn.i.əs/

ignominious

ignominioso
Meaning
Marked by shame, disgrace, or humiliation.
Example
The team suffered an ignominious defeat in the finals.
El equipo sufrió una ignominiosa derrota en la final.
C2 verb /rɪˈvaɪl/

revile

despreciar
Meaning
to criticize in an abusive or angrily insulting manner
Example
The politician was reviled by the public for his corruption.
El político fue despreciado por el público debido a su corrupción.
C2 verb /dɪˈspɒnd/

despond

desanimarse
Meaning
to lose confidence or hope; to become dejected
Example
After repeated failures, he began to despond.
Después de fracasos repetidos, comenzó a desanimarse.
C2 adjective /ˈɛksɪdʒənt/

exigent

urgente
Meaning
demanding immediate action or attention; urgent
Example
The patient’s exigent condition required immediate surgery.
La condición exigente del paciente requirió cirugía inmediata.
C2 noun /ˈtrɪbjuːn/

tribune

tribuno
Meaning
a person or platform representing the people; historically, a Roman official elected to protect citizens' rights
Example
He was seen as a tribune of the common people.
Se le veia como un tribuno del pueblo.
C2 verb /ˈɛdɪfaɪ/

edify

edificar
Meaning
To instruct or improve someone morally or intellectually.
Example
Good books can both entertain and edify the reader.
Los buenos libros pueden entretener y edificar al lector.
C2 noun /ˌkæθəˈlɪsɪti/

catholicity

universalidad, amplitud de mente
Meaning
Universality; broad-mindedness; acceptance of a wide variety of things.
Example
Her catholicity of interests makes her a fascinating person.
Su catholicidad de intereses la convierte en una persona fascinante.
C2 noun /ˈwɛlkɪn/

welkin

cielo
Meaning
The sky, the heavens, or the upper air.
Example
The eagle soared high into the welkin.
El águila voló alto en el cielo.
C2 noun /ɪnˈhɪərəns/

inherence

inherencia
Meaning
The state of being an essential or permanent part of something.
Example
The inherence of risk is part of every business venture.
La inherencia del riesgo es parte de cada aventura empresarial.
C2 adjective /ˈdɛprɪkətɔːri/

deprecatory

despectivo
Meaning
expressing disapproval or belittling
Example
He gave a deprecatory remark about their performance.
Hizo un comentario despectivo sobre su desempeño.
C2 adjective /kənˈdʌktəbl̩/

conductible

conductible
Meaning
capable of being conducted, especially electricity or heat
Example
Copper is highly conductible to electricity.
El cobre es altamente conductible para la electricidad.
C2 noun /ˈiːɒn/ or /ˈiːən/

aeon

eón
Meaning
An indefinitely long period of time; an age or eternity.
Example
Dinosaurs roamed the Earth millions of aeons ago.
Hace millones de eones que los dinosaurios vagaban por la Tierra.
C2 noun /ˈdɛvɪltrɪ/

deviltry

maldad
Meaning
Cruel or malicious behavior; mischief with an evil aspect.
Example
The villain’s deviltry terrified the townsfolk.
La maldad del villano aterrorizó a los habitantes del pueblo.
C2 verb /ˈtʃeɪ.sən/

chasten

castigar / someter
Meaning
to correct or discipline; to humble or subdue
Example
The coach chastened the team after their poor performance.
El entrenador castigó al equipo después de su pobre desempeño.
C2 adjective /ˌæp.rɪˈhen.sə.bəl/

Apprehensible

comprensible
Meaning
able to be understood or grasped; comprehensible
Example
The complex theory became apprehensible after the professor's explanation.
La teoría compleja se volvió comprensible después de la explicación del profesor.
C2 noun /mjuːˈlætoʊ/

mulatto

persona de raza mixta (término antiguo y ofensivo)
Meaning
an outdated and now offensive term historically used to describe a person of mixed white and Black ancestry
Example
The word 'mulatto' is now considered outdated and offensive.
La palabra 'mulato' ahora se considera anticuada y ofensiva.
C2 verb /bɪˈɡaɪl/

beguile

encantar / engañar para atraer
Meaning
to charm or enchant someone, often in a deceptive way
Example
She beguiled the audience with her storytelling.
Ella cautivó a la audiencia con su narración.
C2 noun /ˌlɪk.wəˈfeɪ.ʃənt/

liquefacient

líquido
Meaning
a substance that causes something to become liquid
Example
The chemist explained how the liquefacient worked in the experiment.
El químico explicó cómo funcionaba el líquido en el experimento.
C2 verb /ɪnˈtɜːrpəˌleɪt/

interpolate

interpolar
Meaning
To insert something, often words, into a text or conversation; to estimate values between known data points.
Example
The editor interpolated a missing paragraph into the manuscript.
El editor interpoló un párrafo faltante en el manuscrito.
C2 adjective /koʊˈtɜːr.mɪ.nəs/

coterminous

coextensivo
Meaning
having the same boundaries or extent in space, time, or meaning
Example
The two jurisdictions are coterminous, sharing the same borders.
Las dos jurisdicciones son coextensivas, compartiendo las mismas fronteras.
C2 noun /ˈwɒrən/

warren

red de madrigueras
Meaning
A network of interconnected rabbit burrows; also used metaphorically for a densely populated building or district.
Example
The old part of the city is a warren of narrow streets.
La parte antigua de la ciudad es una red de calles estrechas.
C2 noun /ˈkoʊ.tə.ri/

coterie

un pequeño grupo exclusivo
Meaning
a small, exclusive group of people with shared interests
Example
He belonged to a coterie of artists who met every Friday.
Él pertenecía a un grupo de artistas que se reunían cada viernes.
C2 noun /ˌæbnɪˈɡeɪʃən/

abnegation

abnegación
Meaning
the act of renouncing or rejecting something, especially self-denial
Example
The monk’s life was one of complete abnegation of worldly pleasures.
La vida del monje era una de completa abnegación de los placeres mundanos.
C2 noun /ˌperəˈreɪʃən/

peroration

peroración final
Meaning
The concluding part of a speech, often intended to inspire or persuade.
Example
The politician's peroration left the audience applauding enthusiastically.
La peroración del político hizo que la audiencia aplaudiera con entusiasmo.
C2 adjective /ʌnˈwəʊntɪd/

unwonted

inusitado
Meaning
Unusual, uncommon, or out of the ordinary.
Example
She spoke with an unwonted gentleness that surprised everyone.
Ella habló con una suavidad inusual que sorprendió a todos.
C2 adjective /ɪˈmɛrɪtəs/

emeritus

emerito honorario
Meaning
having retired but allowed to retain their title as an honor
Example
He is a professor emeritus at the university.
Él es un profesor emérito en la universidad.
C2 noun /ˈtrɪp.lɪ.kət/

triplicate

tres copias
Meaning
A set of three identical copies of something.
Example
The documents were prepared in triplicate for official use.
Los documentos fueron preparados en triplicado para uso oficial.
C2 noun /ˈvɜːrbiɪdʒ/

verbiage

palabrería
Meaning
Excessive use of words, often with little content or meaning; wordiness.
Example
The contract was filled with unnecessary legal verbiage.
El contrato estaba lleno de palabrería legal innecesaria.
C2 noun /ˈdrʌmɪt/

Drumet

drumet
Meaning
a small drum used in military or marching bands
Example
The drummer played a steady beat on the drumet during the parade.
El batería tocó un ritmo constante en el drumet durante el desfile.
C2 noun /ˌvælədɪkˈtɔːriən/

valedictorian

mejor estudiante
Meaning
The student with the highest academic achievements in a graduating class, often chosen to give the farewell speech.
Example
She was honored as the valedictorian of her class.
Fue honrada como la mejor estudiante de su clase.
C2 noun /ˈvoʊtəri/

votary

devoto
Meaning
A devoted follower or admirer of someone or something.
Example
He is a votary of classical music and attends every concert.
Él es un devoto de la música clásica y asiste a cada concierto.
C2 noun /ˌpɜː.spɪˈkæs.ɪ.ti/

perspicacity

perspicacia
Meaning
Sharp insight, keen understanding and discernment.
Example
Her perspicacity in business decisions led to success.
Su perspicacia en decisiones de negocio la llevó al éxito.
C2 noun /ˈheɪ.deɪ/

Hey day

el apogeo; la época dorada; el mejor momento
Meaning
the period of a person's or thing's greatest success, popularity, or vigor; prime time
Example
During her heyday as a singer, she performed in sold-out concerts around the world.
Durante su apogeo como cantante, ella actuaba en conciertos agotados alrededor del mundo.
C2 adjective /ˈfɛkləs/

feckless

inepto, irresponsable
Meaning
lacking initiative or strength of character; irresponsible
Example
His feckless attitude at work caused several missed deadlines.
Su actitud inepta en el trabajo causó varios plazos perdidos.
C2 adverb /ˈaɪsɪli/

icily

fríamente
Meaning
In a very cold, unfriendly, or hostile manner.
Example
She replied icily to his question.
Ella respondió fríamente a su pregunta.
C2 adjective /ˈæfərənt/

afferent

aferente
Meaning
carrying impulses toward a central organ or part, especially toward the brain or spinal cord
Example
Afferent nerves carry signals from the body to the brain.
Los nervios aferentes llevan señales desde el cuerpo al cerebro.
C2 noun /lækˈteɪʃən/

lactation

producción de leche
Meaning
the secretion of milk by the mammary glands of female mammals
Example
The doctor explained that lactation is a natural process after childbirth.
El doctor explicó que la lactación es un proceso natural después del parto.
C2 noun /sɒp/

sop

concesión
Meaning
a concession or appeasement to pacify someone; also a piece of bread dipped in liquid
Example
The manager offered a bonus as a sop to the unhappy employees.
El gerente ofreció un bono como un obsequio a los empleados descontentos.
C2 adjective /ɒmˈnɪp.ə.tənt/

omnipotent

omnipotente
Meaning
Having unlimited power; able to do anything; all-powerful.
Example
In many religions, God is considered omnipotent.
En muchas religiones, Dios se considera omnipotente.
C2 noun /ˈdoʊtɪdʒ/

dotage

vejez
Meaning
The period of old age, especially when one is weak or senile.
Example
He spent his dotage reminiscing about his youth.
Él pasó su vejez recordando su juventud.
C2 verb /pɜːrl/

purl

fluir con un sonido murmullante
Meaning
To knit with a purl stitch; to flow with a murmuring sound (as a stream).
Example
The brook purled softly through the meadow.
El arroyo purleó suavemente por el prado.
C2 adjective /dɪˈmoʊniˌæk/

demoniac

demoníaco
Meaning
possessed, produced, or influenced by a demon; frenzied or violent
Example
The soldiers fought with demoniac fury.
Los soldados lucharon con furia demoníaca.
C2 noun /ˈɪd.i.ə.si/

Idiocy

idiotez
Meaning
extremely stupid behavior or actions; foolishness
Example
The decision to ignore safety protocols was pure idiocy that endangered everyone.
La decisión de ignorar los protocolos de seguridad fue pura idiotez que puso en peligro a todos.
C2 verb /ˈɡɑːɡəl/

goggle

mirar con los ojos muy abiertos
Meaning
to stare with wide open eyes, often in surprise or wonder
Example
The tourists goggled at the tall skyscrapers.
Los turistas miraban asombrados los rascacielos altos.
C2 noun /haɪˈdrɒmɪtər/

hydrometer

hidrómetro
Meaning
An instrument used to measure the density or specific gravity of liquids.
Example
The brewer used a hydrometer to test the sugar content of the solution.
El cervecero utilizó un hidrómetro para medir el contenido de azúcar de la solución.
C2 noun /miːn/

mien

aspecto
Meaning
A person's appearance or manner, especially as an indication of their character or mood.
Example
His serious mien made everyone fall silent.
Su aspecto serio hizo que todos se quedaran en silencio.
C2 adjective /ˈkɒs.ɪ.tɪd/

cosseted

sobreprotegido
Meaning
pampered, treated with excessive care and attention
Example
The cosseted child always got what he wanted.
El niño sobreprotegido siempre obtenía lo que quería.
C2 prefix /dɪs-/

dys-

prefijo que significa anormal, malo, difícil o defectuoso
Meaning
A prefix meaning abnormal, bad, difficult, or impaired.
Example
Words like 'dysfunction' and 'dyslexia' use the prefix dys- to indicate difficulty or impairment.
Palabras como 'disfunción' y 'dislexia' usan el prefijo dis- para indicar dificultad o deficiencia.
C2 noun /wɜːrl/

whorl

espiral
Meaning
A pattern of spirals or concentric circles, often found in fingerprints, shells, or flowers.
Example
The fingerprint displayed a clear whorl pattern.
La huella dactilar mostraba un patrón claro de espiral.
C2 adverb /ˈɡeɪmli/

gamely

valientemente
Meaning
in a brave, spirited, or determined manner
Example
She gamely accepted the challenge despite the difficulties.
Ella aceptó valientemente el desafío a pesar de las dificultades.
C2 noun, adjective /nɒn ˈkɒmbətənt/

non-combatant

no combatiente
Meaning
a person not engaged in fighting during a war, such as civilians or medical staff
Example
The Red Cross workers were treated as non-combatants in the conflict.
Los trabajadores de la Cruz Roja fueron tratados como no combatientes en el conflicto.
C2 verb /dɪsˈkaʊntənəns/

discountenance

desaprobar
Meaning
To disapprove of or discourage something.
Example
The teacher strongly discountenanced cheating in exams.
El maestro desaprobó firmemente hacer trampa en los exámenes.
C2 noun /əˈdɛndəm/

addendum

adenda
Meaning
an additional item or piece of information added at the end of a document or book
Example
The report included an addendum with updated statistics.
El informe incluía un adenda con estadísticas actualizadas.
C2 noun /ˈæl.kə.laɪ ækt/

Alkali Act

Ley de Alcalinidad
Meaning
A British law passed in 1863 to regulate the emission of hydrochloric acid gas from alkali works, representing one of the first pieces of environmental legislation.
Example
The Alkali Act of 1863 was one of the first environmental laws.
La Ley de Alcalinidad de 1863 fue una de las primeras leyes ambientales.
C2 noun /ˈsaɪz.mə.ɡræf/

seismograph

sismógrafo
Meaning
An instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration.
Example
The seismograph detected a strong tremor in the area.
El sismógrafo detectó un fuerte temblor en la zona.
C2 adjective /ɪˈmɒdɪst/

immodest

presuntuoso / indecente
Meaning
lacking humility or decency; excessively proud or improper
Example
His immodest remarks offended the audience.
Sus comentarios presuntuosos ofendieron a la audiencia.
C2 adjective /ˈkrɛstˌfɔːlən/

crestfallen

descorazonado
Meaning
sad and disappointed
Example
He looked crestfallen after hearing the bad news.
Se veía descorazonado después de escuchar las malas noticias.
C2 verb /ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪteɪt/

incapacitate

incapacitar
Meaning
to deprive someone or something of the ability or strength to function
Example
The severe injury incapacitated the player for the rest of the season.
La grave lesión incapacitó al jugador para el resto de la temporada.
C2 adjective /ʌnˈmɪtɪɡeɪtɪd/

unmitigated

completo
Meaning
absolute; not lessened or moderated
Example
The meeting was an unmitigated disaster.
La reunión fue un desastre completo.
C2 adjective /ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːniəs/

impecunious

pobre
Meaning
Having little or no money; poor.
Example
He grew up in an impecunious family.
Creció en una familia pobre.
C2 noun /ˌɪntərˈsɛsər/

intercessor

intercesor
Meaning
a person who intervenes or pleads on behalf of another
Example
He acted as an intercessor to resolve the conflict between the two families.
Él actuó como un intercesor para resolver el conflicto entre las dos familias.
C2 adjective /bɒmˈbæstɪk/

bombastic

pomposo
Meaning
using pompous or inflated language with little meaning
Example
The professor’s bombastic lecture impressed no one.
La conferencia pomposa del profesor no impresionó a nadie.
C2 adjective /ɡoʊʃ/

gauche

tosco
Meaning
lacking social grace, sensitivity, or tact; awkward
Example
His gauche remarks embarrassed everyone at the dinner party.
Sus comentarios toscos avergonzaron a todos en la fiesta de cena.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈtɛmpərət/

intemperate

intemperante
Meaning
Lacking self-control; immoderate, especially in indulgence.
Example
The politician's intemperate remarks caused controversy.
Los comentarios intemperantes del político causaron controversia.
C2 noun /ˌbɒmbərˈdɪər/

bombardier

bombardero
Meaning
a member of a bomber crew responsible for releasing bombs
Example
The bombardier released the bombs with precision.
El bombardero soltó las bombas con precisión.
C2 noun /ˈfriːˌbuːtər/

freebooter

pirata
Meaning
A pirate or plunderer who roams freely in search of wealth.
Example
The freebooter raided the merchant ships along the coast.
El fríbuter asaltó los barcos mercantes a lo largo de la costa.
C2 noun /nɛl/

knell

campanazo
Meaning
The sound of a bell, especially when rung solemnly for a death or funeral; a signal of the end or failure of something.
Example
The knell of the church bell echoed through the valley at dusk.
El campanazo de la iglesia resonó por el valle al atardecer.
C2 noun /tʃɜːrl/

churl

grosero
Meaning
A rude, boorish, or ill-mannered person.
Example
The waiter was such a churl that customers left unhappy.
El camarero era tan grosero que los clientes se fueron descontentos.
C2 noun /briːtʃ/

breech

La parte posterior del cañón de un arma; la posición de un bebé en el útero donde los glúteos o los pies salen primero al nacer.
Meaning
The back part of a gun barrel; a position of a baby in the womb where the buttocks or feet come out first at birth.
Example
The rifle was loaded through the breech.
El rifle fue cargado a través de la culata.
C2 verb /ˈæktʃueɪt/

actuate

activar
Meaning
to put into action or motion; to motivate or activate
Example
The engineer actuated the machine with a simple switch.
El ingeniero activó la máquina con un simple interruptor.
C2 noun /ˈlɪθəˌtaɪp/

lithotype

litotipo (superficie de impresión)
Meaning
a printing surface or type made for lithography
Example
The printer used a lithotype to produce multiple copies of the design.
La impresora usó un litotipo para producir varias copias del diseño.
C2 noun, verb /ˈkaʊntərˌtʃɑːrdʒ/

countercharge

contracargo
Meaning
an opposing charge or accusation; to make an opposing attack
Example
The lawyer filed a countercharge against the accuser.
El abogado presentó una contracarga contra el acusador.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪsɪd/

viscid

viscoso
Meaning
Having a thick, sticky consistency.
Example
The sap had a viscid texture that stuck to his hands.
La savia tenía una textura viscosa que se pegaba a sus manos.
C2 noun /ˈjuːnɪvəˌlɛns/

univalence

univalencia
Meaning
The state of having a single valence or combining power, especially in chemistry.
Example
Hydrogen is characterized by its univalence in chemical reactions.
El hidrógeno se caracteriza por su univalencia en las reacciones químicas.
C2 noun /ˈɛmɪsɛri/

emissary

emisario
Meaning
A person sent on a special mission, usually as a diplomatic representative.
Example
The king sent an emissary to negotiate peace.
El rey envió a un emisario para negociar la paz.
C2 noun /ˌɪnkəˈpæsəti/

incapacity

incapacidad
Meaning
the lack of ability, power, or fitness to do something
Example
His mental incapacity prevented him from making important decisions.
Su incapacidad mental le impidió tomar decisiones importantes.
C2 adjective /pərˈspɪkjuəs/

perspicuous

claro
Meaning
Clearly expressed and easily understood; lucid.
Example
The teacher gave a perspicuous explanation of the theory.
El maestro dio una explicación clara de la teoría.
C2 adjective /ˌɪntərˈniːsaɪn/

internecine

conflicto interno
Meaning
Relating to conflict within a group, often causing mutual destruction.
Example
The internecine conflict weakened the organization from within.
El conflicto interno debilitó la organización desde dentro