convalescent
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C1 adjective /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsnt/

convalescent

en recuperación, que se recupera de una enfermedad o tratamiento médico
Meaning
recovering from an illness or medical treatment
Example
The hospital has a special ward for convalescent patients.
El hospital tiene una sala especial para los pacientes en recuperación.
C1 adjective kənˈten.ʃəs

contentious

controvertido
Meaning
Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.
Example
The contentious issue divided global leaders.
El tema controvertido dividió a los líderes globales.
C1 noun /ˈkæn.ɪ.bəl/

Cannibal

caníbal
Meaning
a person who eats the flesh of other human beings
Example
The explorer's journal described rumors of cannibals living on the remote island.
El diario del explorador describía rumores de caníbales viviendo en la isla remota.
C1 noun ˈkɑːr.bən ˌsiː.kwəˈstreɪ.ʃən

carbon sequestration

secuestro de carbono
Meaning
The process of capture and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide to mitigate or defer global warming.
Example
Forests play a key role in carbon sequestration.
Los bosques juegan un papel clave en la secuestración de carbono.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/

constellation

constelación
Meaning
a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern in the night sky
Example
Orion is one of the most famous constellations.
Orión es una de las constelaciones más famosas.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːl.drən/

Cauldron

caldero
Meaning
a large metal pot with a lid and handle, used for cooking over a fire
Example
The witch stirred her potion in a large cauldron.
La bruja removió su poción en un gran caldero.
C1 verb /tʃɑːr/

char

quemar
Meaning
To burn or scorch something so that it becomes blackened.
Example
The cook accidentally charred the steak.
El cocinero accidentalmente quemó el filete.
C1 verb /kənˈtraɪv/

contrive

idear
Meaning
to plan or devise cleverly or skillfully
Example
She contrived a clever plan to surprise her friends.
Ella ideó un plan ingenioso para sorprender a sus amigos.
C1 noun/verb /kroʊˈʃeɪ/

crochet

croché
Meaning
Needlework made by interlocking loops of thread with a hooked needle; the act of making such items.
Example
She learned how to crochet a scarf for winter.
Ella aprendió a hacer un suéter de lana para el invierno.
C1 noun ˈkɔː.pəs

corpus

una gran colección de datos lingüísticos usados para el análisis e investigación del lenguaje
Meaning
A large collection of linguistic data used for language analysis and research.
Example
Linguists use a corpus to analyze language patterns.
Los lingüistas usan un corpus para analizar los patrones del lenguaje.
C1 adjective /kəmˈpensətɔːri/

compensatory

compensatorio
Meaning
serving to make up for a loss, damage, or injury
Example
The court awarded him compensatory damages.
El tribunal le otorgó daños compensatorios.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊərdɪs/

cowardice

cobardía
Meaning
lack of courage; behavior showing fear
Example
His cowardice prevented him from speaking up.
Su cobardía le impidió hablar.
C1 noun /ˈsɛtərə/

cetera

etcétera
Meaning
Latin for 'the rest' or 'others'; commonly used in the phrase 'et cetera' meaning 'and so on'.
Example
We need to buy pens, paper, notebooks, et cetera.
Necesitamos comprar bolígrafos, papel, cuadernos, etcétera.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæs.tɪ.ti/

Chastity

castidad; virginidad; moderación;
Meaning
the practice of refraining from extramarital or premarital sexual relations; sexual purity
Example
Many religious traditions value chastity as a virtue of moral purity.
Muchas tradiciones religiosas valoran la castidad como una virtud de pureza moral.
C1 noun/verb /ˈsaɪ.fər/

cipher

cifrado
Meaning
A secret or disguised way of writing; a code; to put a message into secret writing.
Example
Military messages are protected using a cipher.
Los mensajes militares están protegidos mediante un cifrado.
C1 noun /ˌkɒk.əˈtuː/

Cockatoo

cóctel
Meaning
a large parrot with a prominent crest that can be raised or lowered
Example
The white cockatoo raised its beautiful crest.
El cóctel blanco levantó su hermosa cresta.
C1 verb /kənˈstrɪkt/

constrict

contraer
Meaning
to make narrower or tighter; to shrink or compress
Example
The snake constricted its prey before swallowing.
La serpiente contrajo a su presa antes de tragarla.
C1 noun /kəˈloʊkwiəˌlɪzəm/

colloquialism

coloquialismo
Meaning
a word or phrase used in informal speech or writing
Example
The novel is full of regional colloquialisms.
La novela está llena de coloquialismos regionales.
C1 noun kəˈlɛktɪvɪzəm

collectivism

colectivismo
Meaning
The practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it.
Example
Collectivism emphasizes the importance of group over individual interests.
El colectivismo enfatiza la importancia del grupo sobre los intereses individuales.
C1 noun /ˈkævərn/

cavern

caverna
Meaning
a large cave or chamber in a cave
Example
The explorers entered a dark cavern beneath the mountain.
Los exploradores entraron en una caverna oscura debajo de la montaña.
C1 noun /kənˈdəʊləns/

condolence

pésame
Meaning
An expression of sympathy, especially on the occasion of death.
Example
She offered her sincere condolence to the grieving family.
Ella ofreció su más sentido pésame a la familia afligida.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈsɛntənəri/ or /sɛnˈtɛnəri/

centenary

centenario
Meaning
The hundredth anniversary of a significant event; relating to a period of 100 years.
Example
The school celebrated its centenary with a grand event.
La escuela celebró su centenario con un gran evento.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊntərˌpɔɪnt/

counterpoint

contrapunto
Meaning
an argument, idea, or theme contrasting with another; also a musical term for independent melody
Example
Her calm attitude was a counterpoint to his anger.
Su actitud tranquila fue un contrapunto a su ira.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.əˈsɜːr/

connoisseur

experto
Meaning
an expert judge in matters of taste, especially in food, art, or wine
Example
She is a true connoisseur of fine art.
Ella es una verdadera experta en arte fino.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkɔːrpərəl/

corporal

corporal
Meaning
relating to the body; a low-ranking officer in the military
Example
He suffered a corporal punishment for his mistake.
Él sufrió un castigo corporal por su error.
C1 adjective /ˈkoʊpiəs/

copious

copioso
Meaning
abundant in supply or quantity
Example
She took copious notes during the lecture.
Ella tomó copiosas notas durante la conferencia.
C1 noun /ˈkændɪdnəs/

candidness

franqueza
Meaning
The quality of being open, honest, and straightforward
Example
Her candidness during the meeting impressed everyone.
Su franqueza durante la reunión impresionó a todos.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːrkəs/

carcass

cuerpo muerto de un animal
Meaning
the dead body of an animal, especially after being slaughtered
Example
Vultures fed on the carcass left in the field.
Los buitres se alimentaron del cadáver dejado en el campo.
C1 noun /krʌks/

crux

el núcleo
Meaning
the most important or decisive point of an issue
Example
The crux of the problem lies in poor communication.
El núcleo del problema radica en la mala comunicación.
C1 noun /ˈkæn.ə.pi/

canopy

la capa superior de un bosque formada por las copas de los árboles; cobertura superior
Meaning
The upper layer of a forest formed by the crowns of trees; overhead cover.
Example
The rainforest canopy provides shelter to many birds and insects.
El dosel del bosque tropical proporciona refugio a muchas aves e insectos.
C1 adjective /kəˈrəʊsɪv/

corrosive

corrosivo, dañino
Meaning
tending to cause corrosion; harmful or destructive to materials or people
Example
The chemical is highly corrosive and should be handled with care.
El producto químico es altamente corrosivo y debe manejarse con cuidado.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒn.ɪ.fər.əs/

coniferous

relacionado con los árboles que producen conos
Meaning
Relating to cone-bearing trees that usually have needle-like leaves and remain green year-round.
Example
Pine trees are coniferous and grow in colder climates.
Los pinos son coníferos y crecen en climas más fríos.
C1 verb /kəˈleɪt/

collate

compilar
Meaning
to collect, arrange, and combine in order
Example
The secretary collated the reports before the meeting.
La secretaria recopiló los informes antes de la reunión.
C1 adjective /ˈkoʊvərt/

covert

secreto
Meaning
hidden, secret, or not openly acknowledged
Example
The spy conducted a covert operation behind enemy lines.
El espía llevó a cabo una operación encubierta detrás de las líneas enemigas.
C1 noun /krəˈnɒlədʒi/

chronology

cronología
Meaning
The arrangement of events or dates in the order of their occurrence.
Example
The chronology of the dynasty was carefully studied by historians.
La cronología de la dinastía fue cuidadosamente estudiada por los historiadores.
C1 noun kəˈmɑːnd ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi

command economy

economía planificada
Meaning
An economic system where economic activities are controlled by the government.
Example
In a command economy, the government controls production and prices.
En una economía planificada, el gobierno controla la producción y los precios.
C1 adjective /ˈkæl.əs/

Callous

insensible; cruel; despiadado
Meaning
showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others; emotionally hardened
Example
He showed a callous disregard for others' feelings.
Él mostró un desdén calloso por los sentimientos de los demás.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɪvəlrəs/

chivalrous

caballeroso
Meaning
Behaving in a courteous, gallant, and honorable way, especially toward women.
Example
He was chivalrous, always opening doors for others.
Él era caballeroso, siempre abriendo puertas para los demás.
C1 noun /kəˈnɛəri/

canary

canario
Meaning
a small, usually yellow bird known for its singing; also used as a warning sign in dangerous conditions
Example
The canary sang beautifully in its cage.
El canario cantaba hermosamente en su jaula.
C1 noun/adjective /klɛft/

cleft

grieta
Meaning
a split or crack; a space or opening made by cleavage
Example
The goat disappeared into a cleft in the rocks.
La cabra desapareció en una grieta en las rocas.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːmənˌwɛlθ/

commonwealth

Commonwealth
Meaning
an independent community or state, especially one founded for the common good; also an association of nations
Example
Australia is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Australia es miembro de la Commonwealth de Naciones.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæriət/

Chariot

carro de guerra
Meaning
an ancient horse-drawn vehicle used in warfare and racing
Example
The warrior rode his chariot into battle with great courage.
El guerrero montó su carro de guerra en la batalla con gran valentía.
C1 noun /kəˈmɪtl̩/

committal

envío a prisión / detención
Meaning
The action of sending a person to prison or a mental hospital; also the act of committing something to a particular place.
Example
The judge ordered the committal of the accused to custody.
El juez ordenó el envío del acusado a la custodia.
C1 noun ˈkəmˌpaʊndɪŋ

compounding

intereses compuestos
Meaning
The process whereby interest is added to an amount of money and future interest is calculated on the total.
Example
Compounding interest increases the value of investments over time.
Los intereses compuestos aumentan el valor de las inversiones con el tiempo.
C1 noun /ˈʃæpəroʊn/

chaperon

acompañante
Meaning
An older person who accompanies and supervises young people in social situations.
Example
The teacher acted as a chaperon during the school dance.
El maestro actuó como un acompañante durante el baile escolar.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.zənt/

cognizant

consciente
Meaning
Having knowledge or being aware of something.
Example
He was cognizant of the risks before starting the project.
Él estaba consciente de los riesgos antes de comenzar el proyecto.
C1 adjective sɪˈlɛstʃəl

celestial

celestial
Meaning
Positioned in or relating to the sky, or outer space as observed in astronomy.
Example
The celestial bodies in the sky were clearly visible last night.
Los cuerpos celestes en el cielo eran claramente visibles la noche pasada.
C1 noun, verb /ˈkɒmjuːn/

commune

comuna / comunicarse íntimamente
Meaning
Noun: a group of people living together and sharing possessions; Verb: to share one's thoughts or feelings intimately.
Example
She went to the countryside to commune with nature.
Ella fue al campo para comunicarse con la naturaleza.
C1 noun /ˈklaɪəntɛl/

clientele

clientela
Meaning
The clients or customers of a professional person or business.
Example
The salon's clientele includes many high-profile individuals.
La clientela del salón incluye a muchos individuos de alto perfil.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɛntrɪk/

concentric

concentrico
Meaning
having a common center, as in circles or spheres
Example
The artist drew concentric circles on the canvas.
El artista dibujó círculos concéntricos en el lienzo.
C1 noun /koʊˈhɪr.əns/

coherence

coherencia
Meaning
The quality of being logical and consistent; forming a unified whole.
Example
The essay lacked coherence, making it hard to follow.
El ensayo carecía de coherencia, lo que dificultaba su seguimiento.
C1 adjective /kənˈɡrɛʃənl/

congressional

congresista
Meaning
relating to a congress, especially the US Congress
Example
The bill received strong congressional support.
El proyecto de ley recibió un fuerte apoyo congresista.
C1 noun koʊˈhisɪv ˈjunɪts

cohesive units

unidades cohesivas
Meaning
Groups or organizations that work together as unified wholes, with members closely bound together.
Example
Early humans formed cohesive units for survival.
Los primeros humanos formaron unidades cohesivas para sobrevivir.
C1 noun /kliːk/

clique

clique
Meaning
a small, exclusive group of people
Example
The students formed a clique that excluded others.
Los estudiantes formaron una clique que excluía a los demás.
C1 verb /ˌkɒndɪˈsɛnd/

condescend

mirar desde arriba con amabilidad
Meaning
to behave as if one is superior while being gracious to others
Example
He would not condescend to answer such a trivial question.
Él no se dignaría a responder una pregunta tan trivial.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːʃənˌɛri/

cautionary

preventivo
Meaning
serving as a warning; intended to prevent problems or mistakes by giving advice or examples
Example
The report offers a cautionary message about unchecked spending.
El informe ofrece un mensaje preventivo sobre el gasto sin control.
C1 noun /ˈkærɪkətjʊə/

caricature

caricatura
Meaning
A picture or description that exaggerates certain features for comic or satirical effect.
Example
The magazine published a caricature of the politician.
La revista publicó una caricatura del político.
C1 noun kəˈmjuːnɪti ˈsɜːrvɪs aɪˈdiːəlz

community service ideals

ideales de servicio comunitario
Meaning
Principles and standards of serving the community for social good.
Example
Community service ideals must be taught in schools.
Los ideales de servicio comunitario deben enseñarse en las escuelas.
C1 verb /kənˈkɒkt/

concoct

crear o inventar
Meaning
to make something, especially food or a story, by mixing or inventing
Example
He concocted a story to explain his absence.
Él inventó una historia para explicar su ausencia.
C1 noun ˈklaɪmət ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən

climate regulation

regulación del clima
Meaning
The moderation of climate conditions through natural or artificial processes.
Example
Forests help in climate regulation by stabilizing local temperatures.
Los bosques ayudan a la regulación del clima estabilizando las temperaturas locales.
C1 noun /kənˈtɛnʃən/

contention

contienda, desacuerdo
Meaning
heated disagreement or argument; a point asserted in debate
Example
The main contention between the two parties was over tax reform.
La principal contienda entre las dos partes fue sobre la reforma fiscal.
C1 noun /ˈkɒrənər/

coroner

forense
Meaning
an official who investigates sudden, violent, or suspicious deaths
Example
The coroner determined the cause of death was natural.
El forense determinó que la causa de la muerte fue natural.
C1 noun /ˈʃæsi/

chassis

chasis del vehículo
Meaning
the base frame of a vehicle or other wheeled machine
Example
The mechanic examined the car's chassis for damage.
El mecánico examinó el chasis del coche en busca de daños.
C1 noun /krɛst/

crest

cima
Meaning
the top of a hill, wave, or mountain; a symbol of identity
Example
The hikers reached the crest of the mountain at sunrise.
Los excursionistas llegaron a la cima de la montaña al amanecer.
C1 noun /ˈkænən/

canon

cánon
Meaning
A general law, rule, principle, or collection of sacred books accepted as genuine.
Example
The book is now considered part of the literary canon.
El libro ahora se considera parte del canon literario.
C1 noun /kəˈres/

Caress

caricia
Meaning
a gentle or loving touch
Example
The mother's gentle caress calmed the crying baby.
El suave cariño de la madre calmó al bebé llorando.
C1 noun /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfi/

cartography

cartografía
Meaning
The science or practice of drawing maps.
Example
She studied cartography at university to learn how to design maps.
Estudió cartografía en la universidad para aprender a diseñar mapas.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnfɪdænt/

confidant

confidente
Meaning
A person with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting them not to repeat it.
Example
She found a true confidant in her childhood friend.
Ella encontró un verdadero confidente en su amigo de la infancia.
C1 noun kəˈmjunəl ˈhɑrməni

communal harmony

armonía comunal
Meaning
Peaceful coexistence and cooperation among different groups in a community.
Example
Maintaining communal harmony requires mutual respect and understanding.
Mantener la armonía comunal requiere respeto y comprensión mutuos.
C1 verb /kliːv/

cleave

dividir, cortar
Meaning
to split or divide; to cut through forcefully
Example
He used an axe to cleave the wood.
Usó un hacha para dividir la madera.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.stɪk/

caustic

caústico, mordaz
Meaning
able to burn or corrode by chemical action; severely sarcastic
Example
Her caustic remarks hurt his feelings.
Sus comentarios caústicos hirieron sus sentimientos.
C1 noun /ˈkælkjʊləs/

calculus

cálculo
Meaning
A branch of mathematics concerned with rates of change and accumulation; also a hard mineral deposit in the body such as on teeth.
Example
Calculus is essential for advanced studies in physics and engineering.
El cálculo es esencial para los estudios avanzados en física e ingeniería.
C1 noun /ˈkɒntrəbænd/

contraband

mercancías ilegales
Meaning
goods that are illegal to import, export, or possess
Example
The police seized a shipment of contraband cigarettes.
La policía incautó un cargamento de cigarrillos de contrabando.
C1 verb /ˈklæmbər/

clamber

escalar con dificultad
Meaning
to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet
Example
The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.
Los niños escalaron las rocas para llegar a la cueva.
C1 noun /kæpˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/

Captivity

cautiverio
Meaning
the condition of being imprisoned or confined
Example
After years of captivity, the prisoner was finally released.
Después de años de cautiverio, el prisionero fue finalmente liberado.
C1 adjective /ˌkævəˈlɪər/

cavalier

despreocupado
Meaning
showing a lack of proper concern; dismissive or offhand
Example
He had a cavalier attitude toward safety regulations.
Tenía una actitud despreocupada hacia las normas de seguridad.
C1 verb /kənˈstruː/

construe

interpretar
Meaning
to interpret or understand the meaning of something in a particular way
Example
His words could be construed as a threat.
Sus palabras podrían interpretarse como una amenaza.
C1 noun /kəˈpɪl.ər.iz/

capillaries

capilares
Meaning
Any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.
Example
Broken capillaries cause dark circles.
Las capilares rotas causan círculos oscuros.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɪn.ju.əl/

Continual

continuo; ininterrumpido;
Meaning
happening repeatedly over a long period of time; constant and uninterrupted
Example
The continual noise from the construction site was very annoying.
El ruido continuo del sitio de construcción era muy molesto.
C1 noun /krʌst/

crust

corteza
Meaning
the hard outer surface of something, especially bread or the Earth's outer layer
Example
He cut off the crust of the bread before eating.
Cortó la corteza del pan antes de comer.
C1 verb /ˈkæptɪveɪt/

captivate

cautivar, atraer
Meaning
to attract and hold the interest of; to charm or fascinate
Example
Her beautiful voice captivated the audience.
Su hermosa voz cautivó a la audiencia.
C1 noun /kæʃ/

cache

caché
Meaning
A hidden storage of items or a high-speed memory in computing.
Example
The hikers found a cache of supplies hidden under the rocks.
Los excursionistas encontraron un almacén de suministros ocultos bajo las rocas.
C1 verb /ˌkɒm.pɑːtˈmen.təl.aɪz/

compartmentalize

compartimentar
Meaning
To divide into sections or categories; to separate things into compartments.
Example
To increase efficiency, he compartmentalized his work tasks.
Para aumentar la eficiencia, él compartimentó sus tareas laborales.
C1 noun ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs.nəs

conscientiousness

conciencia
Meaning
The quality of wishing to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly; diligence.
Example
Her conscientiousness in work led to a well-organized project.
Su conciencia en el trabajo condujo a un proyecto bien organizado.
C1 noun /ˈkɒl.ə.bəʊn/

Collar-bone

clavícula
Meaning
either of the pair of bones joining the breastbone to the shoulder blades; clavicle
Example
He broke his collar-bone in the accident.
Se rompió la clavícula en el accidente.
C1 noun /ˈkleɪmənt/

claimant

reclamante
Meaning
a person who makes a claim, especially in a legal or financial context
Example
The claimant filed for compensation after the accident.
El reclamante presentó una solicitud de compensación después del accidente.
C1 adjective /ˈkælkjʊleɪtɪŋ/

calculating

calculador
Meaning
acting in a scheming and ruthlessly determined way
Example
He had a cold and calculating approach to business.
Tenía un enfoque frío y calculador hacia los negocios.
C1 noun kəˈrəʊ.ʒən

corrosion

corrosión
Meaning
The gradual destruction of materials by chemical or electrochemical reaction, especially of metals by oxidation.
Example
Corrosion in pipes leads to leakage.
La corrosión en las tuberías conduce a la fuga.
C1 noun /ˈkɑr.nɪdʒ/

Carnage

carnicería
Meaning
the killing of a large number of people; widespread slaughter
Example
The battlefield was filled with carnage after the brutal war.
El campo de batalla estaba lleno de carnicería después de la guerra brutal.
C1 noun /koʊlt/

Colt

potro
Meaning
a young male horse, especially one under four years old
Example
The farmer trained the young colt to accept a saddle.
El granjero entrenó al joven potro para aceptar una silla de montar.
C1 verb/noun /ˈkrɒn.ɪ.kəl/

chronicle

registrar eventos en el orden en que ocurrieron
Meaning
To record events in the order in which they happened; a written record of historical events.
Example
She decided to chronicle her journey through a blog.
Ella decidió cronometrar su viaje a través de un blog.
C1 noun /ˈkæləs/

callus

parte engrosada de la piel
Meaning
A thickened and hardened part of the skin or soft tissue, especially in an area subjected to friction.
Example
A callus formed on his palm from using tools every day.
Se le formó un callo en la palma de la mano por usar herramientas todos los días.
C1 noun /ˌkɑːr.diˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/

cardiologist

cardiólogo
Meaning
A doctor specializing in diagnosing and treating heart diseases.
Example
She made an appointment with a cardiologist for her chest pain.
Ella hizo una cita con un cardiólogo debido al dolor en su pecho.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndɪmənts/

condiments

condimentos o salsas
Meaning
Seasonings or sauces used to add flavor to food.
Example
Ketchup and mustard are popular condiments for burgers.
El kétchup y la mostaza son condimentos populares para las hamburguesas.
C1 adjective /kəˈθɑːr.tɪk/

cathartic

catártico
Meaning
Providing psychological relief through the open expression of strong emotions.
Example
Writing about emotions can be a cathartic experience.
Escribir sobre las emociones puede ser una experiencia catártica.
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɛkərd/

chequered

a rayas
Meaning
Having a pattern of squares, or marked by varied and contrasting experiences or periods.
Example
He had a chequered career with both great successes and failures.
Tuvo una carrera a rayas con grandes éxitos y fracasos.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.zəl/

causal

causal
Meaning
relating to or acting as a cause
Example
There is a causal link between smoking and cancer.
Existe una relación causal entre fumar y el cáncer.
C1 verb /ˈkætəˌlaɪz/

catalyze

catalizar
Meaning
To cause or accelerate a reaction or change.
Example
The new law catalyzed reforms across the sector.
La nueva ley catalizó reformas en todo el sector.
C1 noun /ˈkælɪbər/

caliber

calibre
Meaning
The quality of someone's ability or character; the internal diameter of a gun barrel.
Example
The university attracts students of high caliber.
La universidad atrae a estudiantes de alto calibre.
C1 verb /kriːk/

creak

hacer un ruido chirriante o agudo
Meaning
to make a high-pitched, squeaking noise when moved
Example
The old door creaked as she opened it.
La puerta vieja crujió cuando la abrió.
C1 noun /ˈkɒləmnɪst/

columnist

columnista
Meaning
a journalist who regularly writes articles or opinions for a newspaper or magazine
Example
The columnist wrote an article about climate change.
El columnista escribió un artículo sobre el cambio climático.
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɛk.ərd/

checkered

a cuadros
Meaning
Having a pattern of alternating squares of different colors; also describing a past full of ups and downs or varied experiences.
Example
He had a checkered career with many highs and lows.
Él tuvo una carrera a cuadros con muchos altibajos.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɪliətɔːri/

conciliatory

conciliatorio
Meaning
intended to make someone less angry or more agreeable; soothing
Example
She spoke in a conciliatory tone to ease the tension.
Ella habló en un tono conciliatorio para calmar la tensión.
C1 adjective ˈklaɪ.mət rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt

climate-resilient

resistente al clima
Meaning
Able to cope with the adverse effects of climate change; sustainable and adaptable.
Example
Climate-resilient crops can survive extreme weather conditions.
Los cultivos resistentes al clima pueden sobrevivir a condiciones meteorológicas extremas.
C1 noun kənˌsɒl.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən

Consolidation

consolidación de la memoria
Meaning
The process of converting newly learned information into long-term memory
Example
Sleep plays a key role in memory consolidation.
El sueño juega un papel clave en la consolidación de la memoria.
C1 adverb /ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃəli/

Confidentially

de manera confidencial
Meaning
in a confidential manner; secretly; privately
Example
The information was shared confidentially between the two managers.
La información fue compartida confidencialmente entre los dos gerentes.
C1 noun /ˈklæmər/

clamor

alboroto
Meaning
a loud and confused noise, especially of people shouting insistently
Example
The clamor of the protesting crowd filled the square.
El alboroto de la multitud que protestaba llenó la plaza.
C1 noun kənˈsɔː.ti.əm

consortium

consorcio
Meaning
An association of several companies or organizations formed to undertake an enterprise beyond the resources of any one member.
Example
The consortium worked collaboratively to build the cable.
El consorcio trabajó de manera colaborativa para construir el cable.
C1 noun /ˈsɛntrɪˌfjuːdʒ/

centrifuge

centrífuga
Meaning
A machine that spins substances at high speed to separate different components.
Example
The lab technician used a centrifuge to separate the blood cells from the plasma.
El técnico de laboratorio usó una centrífuga para separar las células sanguíneas del plasma.
C1 verb /kənˈsɛptʃuəlaɪz/

conceptualize

conceptualizar
Meaning
to form an idea or concept of something in your mind
Example
The artist conceptualized a new design for the exhibition.
El artista conceptualizó un nuevo diseño para la exposición.
C1 phrase ˌkæt.əˈɡɒr.ɪ.kəl.i rɪˈfjuː.tɪd

categorically refuted

totalmente refutado
Meaning
Completely and absolutely denied or disproved.
Example
The claims were categorically refuted by officials.
Las afirmaciones fueron categóricamente refutadas por los funcionarios.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːrtɪlɪdʒ/

cartilage

cartílago
Meaning
A firm, flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the body such as joints, ear, and nose.
Example
The doctor explained that the injury damaged the cartilage in his knee.
El médico explicó que la lesión dañó el cartílago de su rodilla.
C1 verb /ˈkriːmeɪt/

cremate

cremar
Meaning
to burn a dead body to ashes as a funeral rite
Example
According to his wishes, they cremated his body after the funeral.
Según sus deseos, cremaron su cuerpo después del funeral.
C1 adjective /koʊˈɪnsɪdənt/

coincident

coincidente
Meaning
Occurring at the same time; occupying the same position in space or time.
Example
The festival was coincident with the national holiday.
El festival fue coincidente con el día festivo nacional.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.təmˈpleɪ.ʃən/

contemplation

profunda reflexión
Meaning
The action of looking thoughtfully at something for a long time; deep reflective thought.
Example
She sat in contemplation before making her decision.
Ella se sentó en profunda reflexión antes de tomar su decisión.
C1 noun /krʌtʃ/

crutch

muleta, apoyo
Meaning
a support used by someone injured to walk; also something relied upon for support or help
Example
He had to use crutches after breaking his leg.
Tuvo que usar muletas después de romperse la pierna.
C1 verb /kəˈluːd/

collude

conspirar
Meaning
To secretly cooperate or conspire with others, often for a deceitful purpose.
Example
The two companies colluded to fix prices in the market.
Las dos empresas conspiraron para fijar los precios en el mercado.
C1 noun /ˈkroʊ.bɑːr/

Crowbar

palanca
Meaning
a heavy iron bar with a curved end used as a lever for prying things apart
Example
He used a crowbar to remove the old nails.
Él usó una barra de hierro para sacar los clavos viejos.
C1 adjective ˈser.ɪ.brəl

cerebral

cerebral
Meaning
Of the cerebrum of the brain.
Example
Cerebral functions regulate thoughts.
Las funciones cerebrales regulan los pensamientos.
C1 noun /kənˈfɔːrmɪst/

conformist

conformista
Meaning
A person who uncritically conforms to established practices or standards.
Example
She was labeled a conformist for always following the crowd.
Ella fue etiquetada como conformista por siempre seguir a la multitud.
C1 noun /kəˈluːʒən/

collusion

colusión
Meaning
A secret agreement or cooperation, especially for an illegal or dishonest purpose.
Example
There was evidence of collusion between the officials and the contractors.
Había evidencia de colusión entre los funcionarios y los contratistas.