conducive
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C1 adjective /kənˈdjuː.sɪv/

conducive

propicio
Meaning
Making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible; contributing to or helping to bring about.
Example
A quiet environment is conducive to studying.
Un ambiente tranquilo es propicio para estudiar.
C1 noun /ˌkɑːr.diˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/

cardiologist

cardiólogo
Meaning
A doctor specializing in diagnosing and treating heart diseases.
Example
She made an appointment with a cardiologist for her chest pain.
Ella hizo una cita con un cardiólogo debido al dolor en su pecho.
C1 noun /ˌkɒnfɪˈdɑːnt/

confidante

amiga de confianza
Meaning
A woman with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting her not to repeat it.
Example
The queen’s maid became her most trusted confidante.
La criada de la reina se convirtió en su confidente más confiable.
C1 verb /ˈsɪvɪlaɪz/

civilize

civilizar
Meaning
to bring a society or group to a more developed, organized, or socially acceptable state; to educate and refine behavior
Example
Education can help civilize communities by promoting shared values and respect.
La educación puede ayudar a civilizar a las comunidades promoviendo valores compartidos y respeto.
C1 adjective /kənˈstreɪnd/

constrained

limitado, forzado
Meaning
appearing forced, unnatural, or restricted
Example
He gave a constrained smile during the awkward meeting.
Él dio una sonrisa forzada durante la reunión incómoda.
C1 noun /kəʊˈhiːʒən/

cohesion

cohesión
Meaning
The action or fact of forming a united whole.
Example
The team showed excellent cohesion throughout the project.
El equipo mostró excelente cohesión durante el proyecto.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnsjʊlət/

consulate

consulado
Meaning
the building or office where a consul works
Example
He went to the consulate to renew his visa.
Él fue al consulado para renovar su visa.
C1 adjective /ˈkrɪm.zən/

Crimson

rojo intenso
Meaning
a deep purplish-red color
Example
The crimson sunset painted the sky with beautiful shades.
La puesta de sol roja intensa pintó el cielo con hermosos tonos.
C1 noun /koʊˈhɪr.əns/

coherence

coherencia
Meaning
The quality of being logical and consistent; forming a unified whole.
Example
The essay lacked coherence, making it hard to follow.
El ensayo carecía de coherencia, lo que dificultaba su seguimiento.
C1 noun /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfi/

cartography

cartografía
Meaning
The science or practice of drawing maps.
Example
She studied cartography at university to learn how to design maps.
Estudió cartografía en la universidad para aprender a diseñar mapas.
C1 noun /ˈkeɪ.sɪŋ/

Casing

cobertura; carcasa
Meaning
a cover or shell that protects or encloses something
Example
The mechanic removed the engine casing to examine the internal parts.
El mecánico quitó la carcasa del motor para examinar las piezas internas.
C1 verb /ˈkrɪstəlaɪz/

crystallize

cristalizar
Meaning
to form crystals; to make an idea or plan clear and definite
Example
Her vague thoughts began to crystallize into a solid plan.
Sus pensamientos vagos comenzaron a cristalizar en un plan sólido.
C1 adjective /kɔɪ/

coy

tímido, reservado
Meaning
reluctant to give details or reveal feelings; shy or reserved
Example
She gave a coy smile when asked about her plans.
Ella dio una sonrisa tímida cuando le preguntaron sobre sus planes.
C1 adjective /kəˈnɒnɪkəl/

canonical

canónico / aceptado
Meaning
Conforming to a general rule or accepted standard; officially recognized.
Example
Shakespeare’s works are considered canonical in English literature.
Las obras de Shakespeare se consideran canónicas en la literatura inglesa.
C1 noun /kəˈmɪtl̩/

committal

envío a prisión / detención
Meaning
The action of sending a person to prison or a mental hospital; also the act of committing something to a particular place.
Example
The judge ordered the committal of the accused to custody.
El juez ordenó el envío del acusado a la custodia.
C1 verb /koʊˈhæbɪt/

cohabit

cohabitar
Meaning
To live together, often as partners without being married.
Example
They decided to cohabit before getting married.
Decidieron cohabitar antes de casarse.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkeɪnaɪn/

canine

relacionado con los perros / dientes caninos
Meaning
Relating to dogs; also refers to the pointed teeth in humans and animals
Example
The police trained a canine unit for search operations.
La policía entrenó una unidad canina para las operaciones de búsqueda.
C1 adjective /kənˈteɪ.dʒəs/

Contagious

contagioso; infeccioso
Meaning
likely to spread to and affect others; infectious
Example
Her laughter is contagious and makes everyone smile.
Su risa es contagiosa y hace sonreír a todos.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːʃənˌɛri/

cautionary

preventivo
Meaning
serving as a warning; intended to prevent problems or mistakes by giving advice or examples
Example
The report offers a cautionary message about unchecked spending.
El informe ofrece un mensaje preventivo sobre el gasto sin control.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒn.keɪv/

concave

cóncavo
Meaning
curved inward like the inside of a bowl
Example
The mirror had a concave surface that magnified her reflection.
El espejo tenía una superficie cóncava que magnificaba su reflejo.
C1 noun /ˈkʌntrɪmən/

countryman

compatriota
Meaning
a person from one's own country or rural area
Example
He was proud to meet a fellow countryman at the international conference.
Se sintió orgulloso de conocer a un compatriota en la conferencia internacional.
C1 verb /kənˈviːn/

convene

reunirse, convocar una reunión o asamblea
Meaning
to come together or assemble, especially for a meeting or formal gathering
Example
The board will convene tomorrow to discuss the new policy.
La junta se convocará mañana para discutir la nueva política.
C1 verb /ˈkæp.saɪz/

capsize

volcarse
Meaning
to overturn in the water
Example
The small fishing boat capsized during the storm.
El pequeño bote de pesca se volcó durante la tormenta.
C1 noun /krɪˈden.ʃəl/

credential

credencial
Meaning
a qualification, achievement, or aspect of a person's background used to indicate suitability for something
Example
She presented her credentials before starting the new job.
Ella presentó sus credenciales antes de comenzar el nuevo trabajo.
C1 noun /ˈkroʊniˌɪzəm/

cronyism

clientelismo
Meaning
The practice of favoring friends or associates, especially in political appointments or business deals.
Example
The company was accused of cronyism in hiring practices.
La empresa fue acusada de clientelismo en las prácticas de contratación.
C1 noun /ˌkɒmpɪˈleɪʃən/

compilation

compilación
Meaning
a collection of things, especially pieces of writing or music, gathered together
Example
The book is a compilation of his best essays.
El libro es una compilación de sus mejores ensayos.
C1 adjective /ˌʃoʊ.vəˈnɪs.tɪk/

chauvinistic

chauvinista
Meaning
Displaying or characterized by excessive or prejudiced loyalty or support, especially towards one's own gender or group.
Example
His chauvinistic attitude alienated many of his female colleagues.
Su actitud chauvinista alienó a muchas de sus compañeras de trabajo.
C1 noun /ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃən/

conflagration

gran incendio destructor
Meaning
A large, destructive fire that destroys a great deal of land or property.
Example
The forest was devastated by a massive conflagration that lasted for days.
El bosque fue devastado por un enorme incendio que duró varios días.
C1 noun /ˈkruːsɪbəl/

crucible

prueba severa, recipiente para fundir sustancias
Meaning
a severe test or trial; a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures
Example
The team emerged stronger from the crucible of competition.
El equipo salió más fuerte del crisol de la competencia.
C1 noun /ʃəˈreɪd/

charade

farsa, juego de mímica
Meaning
an absurd pretense or act intended to deceive; also a word-guessing game
Example
The trial was nothing more than a political charade.
El juicio no fue más que una farsa política.
C1 adjective /kəˈrəʊsɪv/

corrosive

corrosivo, dañino
Meaning
tending to cause corrosion; harmful or destructive to materials or people
Example
The chemical is highly corrosive and should be handled with care.
El producto químico es altamente corrosivo y debe manejarse con cuidado.
C1 noun/verb kənˈdʒɛk.tʃər

conjecture

conjetura
Meaning
An opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information; to form an opinion or supposition about something.
Example
The scientist's conjecture was later proven true.
La conjetura del científico fue luego comprobada como cierta.
C1 noun /kənˈtɛndər/

contender

competidor, pretendiente
Meaning
a person or team competing for a title or prize
Example
She is a strong contender for the mayoral position.
Ella es una fuerte contendiente para el cargo de alcaldesa.
C1 noun ˈkəmˌpaʊndɪŋ

compounding

intereses compuestos
Meaning
The process whereby interest is added to an amount of money and future interest is calculated on the total.
Example
Compounding interest increases the value of investments over time.
Los intereses compuestos aumentan el valor de las inversiones con el tiempo.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒndɪˈsɛndɪŋ/

condescending

condescendiente
Meaning
having or showing an attitude of patronizing superiority
Example
Her condescending tone upset her colleagues.
Su tono condescendiente molestó a sus compañeros.
C1 verb /kənˈtɛkstʃuəlaɪz/

contextualize

contextualizar
Meaning
to place something in a context or interpret it in relation to its surroundings
Example
The teacher contextualized the historical event to make it more relevant for students.
El maestro contextualizó el evento histórico para hacerlo más relevante para los estudiantes.
C1 noun kənˈvɜː.dʒəns

convergence

convergencia
Meaning
The process of coming together from different directions to meet at a common point; unification or integration.
Example
The convergence of technologies is revolutionizing industries.
La convergencia de tecnologías está revolucionando las industrias.
C1 noun /ˈkæn.ɪ.bəl/

Cannibal

caníbal
Meaning
a person who eats the flesh of other human beings
Example
The explorer's journal described rumors of cannibals living on the remote island.
El diario del explorador describía rumores de caníbales viviendo en la isla remota.
C1 noun /kəmˈpʌl.ʃən/

Compulsion

compulsión; coacción;
Meaning
the action or state of forcing or being forced to do something; an irresistible urge to behave in a certain way
Example
He felt a strong compulsion to check his phone every few minutes.
Sintió una fuerte compulsión de revisar su teléfono cada pocos minutos.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndjuɪt/ or /ˈkɑːnduɪt/

conduit

conducto / medio
Meaning
a channel or pipe for conveying water, electricity, or information
Example
The cable was placed inside a protective conduit.
El cable fue colocado dentro de un conducto protector.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊtʃ.mən/

Coachman

cochero
Meaning
a person who drives a horse-drawn carriage or coach
Example
The coachman skillfully guided the horses through the busy streets.
El cochero guió hábilmente los caballos a través de las calles concurridas.
C1 verb /tʃaɪd/

chide

reprender
Meaning
to scold or rebuke; to express disapproval
Example
The teacher chided the student for being late.
El profesor reprendió al estudiante por llegar tarde.
C1 noun /koʊlt/

Colt

potro
Meaning
a young male horse, especially one under four years old
Example
The farmer trained the young colt to accept a saddle.
El granjero entrenó al joven potro para aceptar una silla de montar.
C1 noun /klaʊt/

clout

influencia
Meaning
influence or power, especially in politics or business
Example
The businessman has a lot of political clout.
El hombre de negocios tiene mucha influencia política.
C1 adjective /ˈkæl.əs/

Callous

insensible; cruel; despiadado
Meaning
showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others; emotionally hardened
Example
He showed a callous disregard for others' feelings.
Él mostró un desdén calloso por los sentimientos de los demás.
C1 noun ˈkɑːr.bən ˌsiː.kwəˈstreɪ.ʃən

carbon sequestration

secuestro de carbono
Meaning
The process of capture and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide to mitigate or defer global warming.
Example
Forests play a key role in carbon sequestration.
Los bosques juegan un papel clave en la secuestración de carbono.
C1 verb /ˈkrɪsən/

christen

bautizar
Meaning
to give a name to someone at baptism or to name something officially
Example
They christened the ship after the queen.
Ellos bautizaron el barco después de la reina.
C1 adjective /klaɪˈmæktɪk/

climactic

climático
Meaning
Relating to the most exciting or important moment of something.
Example
The film ended with a climactic battle scene.
La película terminó con una escena de batalla climática.
C1 noun /kənˈtɛnʃən/

contention

contienda, desacuerdo
Meaning
heated disagreement or argument; a point asserted in debate
Example
The main contention between the two parties was over tax reform.
La principal contienda entre las dos partes fue sobre la reforma fiscal.
C1 noun /kənˈteɪdʒən/

contagion

contagio
Meaning
The communication of disease from one person to another by close contact; also the spread of harmful ideas or behaviors.
Example
Fear spread like a contagion through the crowd.
El miedo se extendió como un contagio entre la multitud.
C1 noun /ˈkroʊ.bɑːr/

Crowbar

palanca
Meaning
a heavy iron bar with a curved end used as a lever for prying things apart
Example
He used a crowbar to remove the old nails.
Él usó una barra de hierro para sacar los clavos viejos.
C1 verb /kɜːrˈteɪl/

curtail

reducir
Meaning
to reduce or limit something, especially something considered undesirable
Example
The company had to curtail its spending due to budget cuts.
La compañía tuvo que reducir su gasto debido a los recortes presupuestarios.
C1 noun /ˌkʌl də ˈsæk/

cul de sac

calle sin salida
Meaning
A street or passage closed at one end; a dead end.
Example
They bought a house at the end of a quiet cul de sac.
Compraron una casa al final de una tranquila calle sin salida.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːkəs/

caucus

reunión política
Meaning
A meeting of members of a political party to select candidates or decide policy.
Example
The party held a caucus to nominate their candidate for president.
El partido celebró una reunión para nominar a su candidato presidencial.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɪɡ.ju.əs/

contiguous

contiguo
Meaning
sharing a common border; touching
Example
The two continguous houses shared a wall.
Las dos casas contiguas compartieron una pared.
C1 noun /kæpˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/

Captivity

cautiverio
Meaning
the condition of being imprisoned or confined
Example
After years of captivity, the prisoner was finally released.
Después de años de cautiverio, el prisionero fue finalmente liberado.
C1 noun /ˈklaɪəntɛl/

clientele

clientela
Meaning
The clients or customers of a professional person or business.
Example
The salon's clientele includes many high-profile individuals.
La clientela del salón incluye a muchos individuos de alto perfil.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndɪmənt/

condiment

condimento
Meaning
a substance such as salt, mustard, or ketchup that is used to add flavor to food
Example
Ketchup is a popular condiment in many countries.
El kétchup es un condimento popular en muchos países.
C1 noun /ˈkɒz.moʊs/

Cosmos

flor cosmos
Meaning
a colorful annual flower with daisy-like blooms and feathery foliage
Example
The cosmos flowers swayed gently in the summer breeze across the meadow.
Las flores de cosmos se movían suavemente en la brisa de verano a través del prado.
C1 noun /ˈkʌn.stə.bəl/

constable

agente
Meaning
a police officer of the lowest rank
Example
The constable directed traffic at the busy intersection.
El agente dirigió el tráfico en la intersección concurrida.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnfɪskeɪt/

confiscate

confiscar
Meaning
to take something away officially, often as a punishment
Example
The teacher confiscated the student's phone during class.
La profesora confiscó el teléfono del estudiante durante la clase.
C1 verb /ˈkænvəs/

canvass

solicitar votos
Meaning
to solicit votes or opinions; to examine thoroughly; to discuss in detail
Example
They will canvass the neighborhood for votes.
Ellos harán campaña en el vecindario para obtener votos.
C1 noun ˈklaɪmət ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən

climate regulation

regulación del clima
Meaning
The moderation of climate conditions through natural or artificial processes.
Example
Forests help in climate regulation by stabilizing local temperatures.
Los bosques ayudan a la regulación del clima estabilizando las temperaturas locales.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒnvɛks/

convex

convexo, redondeado hacia afuera
Meaning
curved or rounded outward
Example
The lens has a convex shape to focus light.
La lente tiene una forma convexa para enfocar la luz.
C1 noun /kəˈlæm.ɪ.ti/

Calamity

calamidad; desastre
Meaning
an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster
Example
The earthquake was a terrible calamity that affected thousands of families.
El terremoto fue una terrible calamidad que afectó a miles de familias.
C1 verb ˌkəʊ.əˈles

coalesce

fusionarse
Meaning
Come together and form one mass or whole; unite to form one organization or group.
Example
The different theories coalesced into one unified idea.
Las diferentes teorías se fusionaron en una idea unificada.
C1 noun /ˈkɒb.lər/

Cobbler

zapatero
Meaning
a person who repairs shoes and other leather goods
Example
The cobbler fixed my broken shoes perfectly.
El zapatero arregló mis zapatos rotos perfectamente.
C1 adjective + noun kəˈmendəbəl ɪˈnɪʃətɪvz

commendable initiatives

iniciativas loables
Meaning
Praiseworthy efforts or actions that deserve admiration and approval.
Example
The commendable initiatives aim to raise awareness.
Las iniciativas loables tienen como objetivo aumentar la conciencia.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.əˈsɜːr/

connoisseur

experto
Meaning
an expert judge in matters of taste, especially in food, art, or wine
Example
She is a true connoisseur of fine art.
Ella es una verdadera experta en arte fino.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈkɒn.sə.mət/

consummate

completar o perfeccionar algo con gran habilidad
Meaning
To complete or perfect something with great skill
Example
He is a consummate artist with years of experience.
Él es un artista consumado con años de experiencia.
C1 adjective /koʊˈɜːrsɪv/

coercive

coercitivo
Meaning
Relating to or using force or threats to make someone do something.
Example
The government faced criticism for adopting coercive measures against protestors.
El gobierno enfrentó críticas por adoptar medidas coercitivas contra los manifestantes.
C1 noun ˈkætəlɪst

catalyst

catalizador
Meaning
A person or thing that precipitates an event or change.
Example
His speech acted as a catalyst for change in the community.
Su discurso actuó como un catalizador para el cambio en la comunidad.
C1 adjective /ˈkɑːr.di.æk/

cardiac

cardíaco
Meaning
Relating to the heart.
Example
The patient was admitted with a cardiac condition.
El paciente fue admitido con una afección cardíaca.
C1 noun /ˌkɔr.diˈæl.ɪ.ti/

Cordiality

cordialidad; amabilidad
Meaning
sincere affection and kindness; warm and friendly behavior
Example
The host's cordiality made all the guests feel welcome and comfortable.
La cordialidad del anfitrión hizo que todos los invitados se sintieran bienvenidos y cómodos.
C1 noun /kəmˈprɛʃn̩/

compression

compresión
Meaning
The act of pressing or squeezing something into a smaller space.
Example
File compression helps reduce storage requirements.
La compresión de archivos ayuda a reducir los requisitos de almacenamiento.
C1 noun /kəmˈpəʊ.ʒər/

composure

estado de calma y autocontrol
Meaning
The state or feeling of being calm and in control of oneself.
Example
She maintained her composure during the interview.
Ella mantuvo su compostura durante la entrevista.
C1 noun kəˈlɛktɪvɪzəm

collectivism

colectivismo
Meaning
The practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it.
Example
Collectivism emphasizes the importance of group over individual interests.
El colectivismo enfatiza la importancia del grupo sobre los intereses individuales.
C1 noun /ˈkænən/

canon

cánon
Meaning
A general law, rule, principle, or collection of sacred books accepted as genuine.
Example
The book is now considered part of the literary canon.
El libro ahora se considera parte del canon literario.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnskrɪpt/

conscript

construir un ejército forzando a alguien a unirse
Meaning
to force someone into military service
Example
The government conscripted young men during the war.
El gobierno conscribió a los jóvenes durante la guerra.
C1 noun /ˈkændɪdnəs/

candidness

franqueza
Meaning
The quality of being open, honest, and straightforward
Example
Her candidness during the meeting impressed everyone.
Su franqueza durante la reunión impresionó a todos.
C1 verb /siːd/

cede

ceder
Meaning
to give up power, territory, or rights to another
Example
The country ceded territory after losing the war.
El país cedió territorio después de perder la guerra.
C1 adjective /kənˈtraɪvd/

contrived

artificial o forzado; no natural ni espontáneo
Meaning
artificial or forced; not natural or spontaneous
Example
The ending of the movie felt contrived and unrealistic.
El final de la película se sintió forzado e irreal.
C1 adverb /ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃəli/

Confidentially

de manera confidencial
Meaning
in a confidential manner; secretly; privately
Example
The information was shared confidentially between the two managers.
La información fue compartida confidencialmente entre los dos gerentes.
C1 verb /ˈkʌl.mɪ.neɪt/

culminate

culminar
Meaning
To reach the final or climactic stage of a process or activity.
Example
Years of hard work culminated in his success.
Años de trabajo arduo culminaron en su éxito.
C1 verb /krɪndʒ/

cringe

encogerse
Meaning
To shrink back in fear, embarrassment, or discomfort.
Example
She cringed when she remembered her mistake.
Ella se encogió cuando recordó su error.
C1 noun /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/

convoy

convoy
Meaning
a group of vehicles or ships traveling together, often for protection
Example
The military convoy moved through the desert at dawn.
El convoy militar atravesó el desierto al amanecer.
C1 noun ˈkɔː.pəs

corpus

una gran colección de datos lingüísticos usados para el análisis e investigación del lenguaje
Meaning
A large collection of linguistic data used for language analysis and research.
Example
Linguists use a corpus to analyze language patterns.
Los lingüistas usan un corpus para analizar los patrones del lenguaje.
C1 noun /ˈkæv.əl.ri/

Cavalry

caballería
Meaning
soldiers who fight on horseback; the part of an army formerly composed of troops on horseback
Example
The cavalry charged across the field with great speed.
La caballería cargó a través del campo con gran velocidad.
C1 verb /kənˈsɛptʃuəlaɪz/

conceptualize

conceptualizar
Meaning
to form an idea or concept of something in your mind
Example
The artist conceptualized a new design for the exhibition.
El artista conceptualizó un nuevo diseño para la exposición.
C1 noun /ˈkɒləmnɪst/

columnist

columnista
Meaning
a journalist who regularly writes articles or opinions for a newspaper or magazine
Example
The columnist wrote an article about climate change.
El columnista escribió un artículo sobre el cambio climático.
C1 verb /kənˈtraɪv/

contrive

idear
Meaning
to plan or devise cleverly or skillfully
Example
She contrived a clever plan to surprise her friends.
Ella ideó un plan ingenioso para sorprender a sus amigos.
C1 noun, verb /ˈkɒmjuːn/

commune

comuna / comunicarse íntimamente
Meaning
Noun: a group of people living together and sharing possessions; Verb: to share one's thoughts or feelings intimately.
Example
She went to the countryside to commune with nature.
Ella fue al campo para comunicarse con la naturaleza.
C1 noun/verb /ˈkætəpʌlt/

catapult

catapulta / dispositivo para lanzar
Meaning
A device for launching objects at high speed; to hurl or launch something suddenly.
Example
The invention catapulted him to international fame.
La invención lo catapultó a la fama internacional.
C1 noun /ˈtʃaɪ.nə.weər/

China-ware

porcelana
Meaning
dishes, plates, cups, and other tableware made of porcelain or fine ceramic
Example
The expensive china-ware was displayed in the cabinet.
Los costosos platos de porcelana fueron exhibidos en el gabinete.
C1 verb /kənˈspaɪər/

conspire

conspirar
Meaning
to secretly plan with others to do something harmful or illegal
Example
They conspired to overthrow the government.
Ellos conspiraron para derrocar al gobierno.
C1 noun /ˌkɒk.əˈtuː/

Cockatoo

cóctel
Meaning
a large parrot with a prominent crest that can be raised or lowered
Example
The white cockatoo raised its beautiful crest.
El cóctel blanco levantó su hermosa cresta.
C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈækt/

counteract

contrarrestar
Meaning
to act against something in order to reduce its effect
Example
The medicine helps counteract the side effects of the treatment.
El medicamento ayuda a contrarrestar los efectos secundarios del tratamiento.
C1 adjective ˈkɒn.və.luː.tɪd

convoluted

complicado
Meaning
Extremely complex and difficult to follow; twisted or intricate.
Example
His argument was so convoluted that no one understood it.
Su argumento era tan complicado que nadie lo entendió.
C1 noun kənˈsjuː.mə.rɪ.zəm

consumerism

consumismo
Meaning
The tendency to increase consumption of goods and the importance given to consuming products.
Example
Modern consumerism leads to increased demand for luxury goods.
El consumismo moderno lleva a una mayor demanda de productos de lujo.
C1 noun ˌkɒm.pjʊˈteɪ.ʃən

computation

cálculo
Meaning
The action of mathematical calculation.
Example
Complex computation is required for AI models.
Se requiere un cálculo complejo para los modelos de IA.
C1 adjective sɪˈlɛstʃəl

celestial

celestial
Meaning
Positioned in or relating to the sky, or outer space as observed in astronomy.
Example
The celestial bodies in the sky were clearly visible last night.
Los cuerpos celestes en el cielo eran claramente visibles la noche pasada.
C1 noun /kənˈvʌl.ʃən/

convulsion

convulsión
Meaning
a sudden, violent, involuntary contraction of muscles; a seizure
Example
The medicine helped prevent convulsions in children.
El medicamento ayudó a prevenir las convulsiones en los niños.
C1 noun /ˈklæmər/

clamor

alboroto
Meaning
a loud and confused noise, especially of people shouting insistently
Example
The clamor of the protesting crowd filled the square.
El alboroto de la multitud que protestaba llenó la plaza.
C1 adjective /ˈkjʊərəbl/

curable

curable
Meaning
Able to be cured or healed.
Example
The doctor assured her that the disease was curable.
El doctor le aseguró que la enfermedad era curable.
C1 adjective /ˌkaʊntərɪnˈtuːɪtɪv/

counterintuitive

contradictorio
Meaning
contrary to what one would intuitively expect
Example
His approach seems counterintuitive but it actually works.
Su enfoque parece contradictorio, pero en realidad funciona.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊhɔːrt/

cohort

cohorte
Meaning
A group of people with a shared characteristic, usually of the same age or with a common experience.
Example
The study tracked a cohort of students over ten years.
El estudio siguió a una cohorte de estudiantes durante diez años.
C1 adjective /ˈkɜːrsəri/

cursory

superficial
Meaning
Hasty and therefore not thorough or detailed.
Example
He gave the report only a cursory glance before the meeting.
Él echó un vistazo superficial al informe antes de la reunión.
C1 adjective /kəˈmɛmərətɪv/

commemorative

conmemorativo
Meaning
Serving as a reminder or in honor of a person or event.
Example
They issued a commemorative coin for the independence anniversary.
Emitieron una moneda conmemorativa para el aniversario de la independencia.
C1 adjective /kəmˈplaɪənt/

compliant

conforme
Meaning
Willing to agree with or follow rules, requests, or demands.
Example
She was compliant with all the safety requirements.
Ella estaba conforme con todos los requisitos de seguridad.
C1 noun /ˈkæptər/

captor

captor
Meaning
a person or group who has captured someone or something
Example
The hostage managed to escape from his captors.
El rehén logró escapar de sus captores.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnfɪdænt/

confidant

confidente
Meaning
A person with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting them not to repeat it.
Example
She found a true confidant in her childhood friend.
Ella encontró un verdadero confidente en su amigo de la infancia.
C1 adjective /kəmˈplɪsɪt/

complicit

cómplice (en un crimen)
Meaning
involved with others in an illegal activity or wrongdoing
Example
He was found complicit in the crime.
Él fue encontrado cómplice en el crimen.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkɔːrpərəl/

corporal

corporal
Meaning
relating to the body; a low-ranking officer in the military
Example
He suffered a corporal punishment for his mistake.
Él sufrió un castigo corporal por su error.
C1 verb /ˈklæmbər/

clamber

escalar con dificultad
Meaning
to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet
Example
The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.
Los niños escalaron las rocas para llegar a la cueva.
C1 adjective /ˈkæni/

canny

astuto
Meaning
Having good judgment, especially in business or practical matters; shrewd.
Example
She made a canny investment in real estate.
Ella hizo una inversión astuta en bienes raíces.
C1 noun /kəˈnʌn.drəm/

conundrum

dilema complicado o acertijo
Meaning
A complex problem or puzzle without an easy solution
Example
The ethical conundrum puzzled the researchers.
El dilema ético desconcertó a los investigadores.
C1 verb kəˈrɒb.ə.reɪt

corroborate

corroborar
Meaning
Confirm or give support to a statement, theory, or finding.
Example
The witness corroborated the defendant's testimony.
El testigo corroboró el testimonio del acusado.
C1 noun /ˈʃoʊ.və.nɪst/

chauvinist

persona excesivamente parcial
Meaning
A person displaying excessive or prejudiced loyalty to a group, cause, or gender.
Example
He was labeled a chauvinist after his remarks about women in the workplace.
Fue etiquetado como chauvinista después de sus comentarios sobre las mujeres en el lugar de trabajo.
C1 adjective /kənˈdʒiːniəl/

congenial

amistoso
Meaning
pleasant and friendly because of having similar interests or qualities
Example
They found the café a congenial place to meet and talk.
Encontraron el café un lugar amistoso para reunirse y charlar.
C1 adjective ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs

conscientious

consciente
Meaning
Wishing to do what is right, especially to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly.
Example
A conscientious worker always delivers high-quality results.
Un trabajador consciente siempre entrega resultados de alta calidad.
C1 noun /ˈkɜːrlər/

curler

rizador
Meaning
A small roller used for curling hair.
Example
She used a curler to style her hair for the party.
Ella usó un rizador para estilizar su cabello para la fiesta.