condense
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C1 verb কনডেন্স

condense

condensarse
Meaning
To change from gas to liquid form; to become denser.
Example
Water vapor condenses into raindrops.
El vapor de agua se condensa en gotas de lluvia.
C1 noun /kənˈfɛdərəsi/

confederacy

confederación
Meaning
a group of states, people, or organizations united for a common purpose
Example
The southern states formed a confederacy during the civil war.
Los estados del sur formaron una confederación durante la guerra civil.
C1 noun /ˈsɪtəˌdɛl/

citadel

ciudadela
Meaning
A fortress protecting or dominating a city.
Example
The ancient citadel stood guard over the town for centuries.
La antigua ciudadela protegía la ciudad durante siglos.
C1 verb /kəmˈpjuːt/

compute

calcular
Meaning
To calculate or determine by using a computer or mathematical methods.
Example
The software can compute the total cost in seconds.
El software puede calcular el costo total en segundos.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnstənsi/

constancy

constancia
Meaning
the quality of being faithful and dependable
Example
Her constancy in friendship is admirable.
Su constancia en la amistad es admirable.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnfɪdænt/

confidant

confidente
Meaning
A person with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting them not to repeat it.
Example
She found a true confidant in her childhood friend.
Ella encontró un verdadero confidente en su amigo de la infancia.
C1 noun /kɒzˈmɒlədʒi/

cosmology

cosmología
Meaning
the science of the origin and development of the universe
Example
She studied cosmology to understand the origins of the universe.
Estudió cosmología para entender los orígenes del universo.
C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈbæləns/

counterbalance

contrarrestar
Meaning
to offset or balance the effect of something
Example
Exercise can counterbalance the negative effects of stress.
El ejercicio puede contrarrestar los efectos negativos del estrés.
C1 adverb kəmˈpæktli

compactly

compactamente
Meaning
In a closely packed or dense manner.
Example
Protons and neutrons are compactly arranged.
Los protones y los neutrones están organizados compactamente.
C1 noun /krʌst/

crust

corteza
Meaning
the hard outer surface of something, especially bread or the Earth's outer layer
Example
He cut off the crust of the bread before eating.
Cortó la corteza del pan antes de comer.
C1 verb, noun /klɑːɡ/

clog

obstruir / zapato de madera
Meaning
to block or become blocked; a type of heavy wooden shoe
Example
The sink was clogged with food waste.
El fregadero estaba obstruido con desperdicios de comida.
C1 adjective /kənˈstreɪnd/

constrained

limitado, forzado
Meaning
appearing forced, unnatural, or restricted
Example
He gave a constrained smile during the awkward meeting.
Él dio una sonrisa forzada durante la reunión incómoda.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːrdən/

cordon

cordón de seguridad
Meaning
a line or circle of police, soldiers, or guards preventing access
Example
The police set up a cordon around the crime scene.
La policía estableció un cordón alrededor de la escena del crimen.
C1 noun /ˈkælkjʊləs/

calculus

cálculo
Meaning
A branch of mathematics concerned with rates of change and accumulation; also a hard mineral deposit in the body such as on teeth.
Example
Calculus is essential for advanced studies in physics and engineering.
El cálculo es esencial para los estudios avanzados en física e ingeniería.
C1 verb /kəˈleɪt/

collate

compilar
Meaning
to collect, arrange, and combine in order
Example
The secretary collated the reports before the meeting.
La secretaria recopiló los informes antes de la reunión.
C1 adjective /ˈkoʊvərt/

covert

secreto
Meaning
hidden, secret, or not openly acknowledged
Example
The spy conducted a covert operation behind enemy lines.
El espía llevó a cabo una operación encubierta detrás de las líneas enemigas.
C1 noun /ˈkʌntrɪmən/

countryman

compatriota
Meaning
a person from one's own country or rural area
Example
He was proud to meet a fellow countryman at the international conference.
Se sintió orgulloso de conocer a un compatriota en la conferencia internacional.
C1 noun /ˈkændɪdnəs/

candidness

franqueza
Meaning
The quality of being open, honest, and straightforward
Example
Her candidness during the meeting impressed everyone.
Su franqueza durante la reunión impresionó a todos.
C1 noun ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs.nəs

conscientiousness

conciencia
Meaning
The quality of wishing to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly; diligence.
Example
Her conscientiousness in work led to a well-organized project.
Su conciencia en el trabajo condujo a un proyecto bien organizado.
C1 noun/verb /ˈkætəpʌlt/

catapult

catapulta / dispositivo para lanzar
Meaning
A device for launching objects at high speed; to hurl or launch something suddenly.
Example
The invention catapulted him to international fame.
La invención lo catapultó a la fama internacional.
C1 noun /kənˈveɪəns/

conveyance

transporte
Meaning
The action or process of transporting or carrying someone or something from one place to another.
Example
The conveyance of goods was delayed due to bad weather.
El transporte de mercancías se retrasó debido al mal tiempo.
C1 adjective + noun kəˈmendəbəl ɪˈnɪʃətɪvz

commendable initiatives

iniciativas loables
Meaning
Praiseworthy efforts or actions that deserve admiration and approval.
Example
The commendable initiatives aim to raise awareness.
Las iniciativas loables tienen como objetivo aumentar la conciencia.
C1 verb /kənˈdəʊn/

condone

condonar
Meaning
To accept or allow behavior that is morally wrong or offensive.
Example
The manager refused to condone harassment in the workplace.
El gerente se negó a condonar el acoso en el lugar de trabajo.
C1 adjective /ˈkæl.əs/

Callous

insensible; cruel; despiadado
Meaning
showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others; emotionally hardened
Example
He showed a callous disregard for others' feelings.
Él mostró un desdén calloso por los sentimientos de los demás.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊn.tə.nəns/

countenance

rostro, expresión; apoyo
Meaning
a person's face or expression; support or approval
Example
Her cheerful countenance brightened the room.
Su rostro alegre iluminó la habitación.
C1 adjective /klænˈdɛstaɪn/

clandestine

clandestino
Meaning
kept secret or done secretly, especially for illicit purposes
Example
They held a clandestine meeting late at night.
Tuvieron una reunión clandestina tarde en la noche.
C1 noun /ˈsɛntɪˌliːtər/

centiliter

centilitro
Meaning
A metric unit of capacity equal to one hundredth of a liter.
Example
The recipe calls for 20 centiliters of milk.
La receta requiere 20 centilitros de leche.
C1 verb /ˈklæmbər/

clamber

escalar con dificultad
Meaning
to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet
Example
The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.
Los niños escalaron las rocas para llegar a la cueva.
C1 noun /ˈkɒz.moʊs/

Cosmos

flor cosmos
Meaning
a colorful annual flower with daisy-like blooms and feathery foliage
Example
The cosmos flowers swayed gently in the summer breeze across the meadow.
Las flores de cosmos se movían suavemente en la brisa de verano a través del prado.
C1 verb /ˈkænvəs/

canvass

solicitar votos
Meaning
to solicit votes or opinions; to examine thoroughly; to discuss in detail
Example
They will canvass the neighborhood for votes.
Ellos harán campaña en el vecindario para obtener votos.
C1 noun /ˈkæpɪˌlɛri/

capillary

capilar
Meaning
a very thin blood vessel that connects arteries and veins
Example
Oxygen passes from the blood into tissues through capillaries.
El oxígeno pasa de la sangre a los tejidos a través de los capilares.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkɑːr.dɪ.nəl/

cardinal

cardenal / principal
Meaning
As an adjective: of prime importance; as a noun: a high-ranking Catholic clergyman or a type of bird.
Example
Honesty is a cardinal virtue in life.
La honestidad es una virtud cardinal en la vida.
C1 adjective /kræs/

crass

tosco, sin sensibilidad o refinamiento
Meaning
lacking sensitivity, refinement, or intelligence
Example
His crass remarks offended everyone at the meeting.
Sus comentarios groseros ofendieron a todos en la reunión.
C1 adjective /kənˈspɪkjuəs/

conspicuous

conspicuo
Meaning
Easily noticeable; attracting attention due to being unusual or prominent.
Example
Her red dress made her conspicuous at the party.
Su vestido rojo la hizo conspicua en la fiesta.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnsɪkreɪt/

consecrate

consagrar
Meaning
to make something sacred, usually through a religious ceremony
Example
The church was consecrated by the bishop.
La iglesia fue consagrada por el obispo.
C1 adjective /kənˈvɜːrdʒənt/

convergent

convergente
Meaning
tending to move toward a common point or result
Example
The two rivers have a convergent path before entering the lake.
Los dos ríos tienen un camino convergente antes de entrar al lago.
C1 noun /ˈkæmi.oʊ/

cameo

cameo
Meaning
a small but significant role in a play, film, or show, often performed by a well-known person
Example
The actor made a surprise cameo in the movie.
El actor hizo un cameo sorpresa en la película.
C1 noun ˌkɒn.əˈteɪ.ʃən

connotation

significado implícito o sugerido
Meaning
The implied or suggested meaning of a word beyond its literal definition
Example
The word 'home' has a warm connotation of comfort and family.
La palabra 'hogar' tiene una connotación cálida de comodidad y familia
C1 noun /kənˈsiːt/

conceit

vanidad
Meaning
excessive pride in oneself; vanity
Example
His conceit made him unpopular among his colleagues.
Su vanidad lo hizo impopular entre sus compañeros.
C1 noun ˌkʌl.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən

culmination

culminación. El punto más alto o culminante de algo, especialmente alcanzado después de mucho tiempo.
Meaning
The highest or climactic point of something, especially as attained after a long time.
Example
The project reached its culmination after years of effort.
El proyecto alcanzó su culminación después de años de esfuerzo.
C1 adjective /ˈkjuːmjələtɪv/

cumulative

cumulativo
Meaning
Increasing gradually by addition; growing in quantity, force, or effect.
Example
The cumulative effect of stress can harm your health.
El efecto acumulativo del estrés puede dañar tu salud.
C1 noun /ˈkruːsɪbəl/

crucible

prueba severa, recipiente para fundir sustancias
Meaning
a severe test or trial; a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures
Example
The team emerged stronger from the crucible of competition.
El equipo salió más fuerte del crisol de la competencia.
C1 noun /kæʃ/

cache

caché
Meaning
A hidden storage of items or a high-speed memory in computing.
Example
The hikers found a cache of supplies hidden under the rocks.
Los excursionistas encontraron un almacén de suministros ocultos bajo las rocas.
C1 adjective /kəˈlæpsəbl̩/

collapsible

plegable
Meaning
able to be folded down or reduced in size
Example
She bought a collapsible chair for camping.
Ella compró una silla plegable para acampar.
C1 adjective /kəmˈplaɪənt/

compliant

conforme
Meaning
Willing to agree with or follow rules, requests, or demands.
Example
She was compliant with all the safety requirements.
Ella estaba conforme con todos los requisitos de seguridad.
C1 adjective /ˌʃoʊ.vəˈnɪs.tɪk/

chauvinistic

chauvinista
Meaning
Displaying or characterized by excessive or prejudiced loyalty or support, especially towards one's own gender or group.
Example
His chauvinistic attitude alienated many of his female colleagues.
Su actitud chauvinista alienó a muchas de sus compañeras de trabajo.
C1 adjective kənˈkɝː.ənt

concurrent

concurrente, simultáneo, que ocurre al mismo tiempo
Meaning
Existing, happening, or done at the same time.
Example
The conference had concurrent sessions on various topics.
La conferencia tuvo sesiones concurrentes sobre varios temas.
C1 noun/verb kənˈdʒɛk.tʃər

conjecture

conjetura
Meaning
An opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information; to form an opinion or supposition about something.
Example
The scientist's conjecture was later proven true.
La conjetura del científico fue luego comprobada como cierta.
C1 noun /ˈkɜːr.i liːvz/

Curry Leaves

hojas de curry
Meaning
aromatic leaves from the curry tree used in South Asian cooking
Example
Fresh curry leaves add authentic flavor to Indian dishes.
Las hojas de curry frescas añaden un sabor auténtico a los platos indios.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊərdɪs/

cowardice

cobardía
Meaning
lack of courage; behavior showing fear
Example
His cowardice prevented him from speaking up.
Su cobardía le impidió hablar.
C1 verb /kəˈrəʊd/

corrode

corroer
Meaning
to gradually destroy or wear away metal or other materials through chemical action
Example
The iron pipes corroded over time due to exposure to water.
Las tuberías de hierro se corrodieron con el tiempo debido a la exposición al agua.
C1 verb /kʌl/

cull

seleccionar / eliminar
Meaning
to select or remove from a larger group, often to reduce numbers
Example
The farmers decided to cull the sick animals from the herd.
Los granjeros decidieron eliminar a los animales enfermos del rebaño.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæs.tɪ.ti/

Chastity

castidad; virginidad; moderación;
Meaning
the practice of refraining from extramarital or premarital sexual relations; sexual purity
Example
Many religious traditions value chastity as a virtue of moral purity.
Muchas tradiciones religiosas valoran la castidad como una virtud de pureza moral.
C1 noun kəmˈpleɪ.sən.si

complacency

autocomplacencia
Meaning
Excessive self-satisfaction with one's achievements that can hinder progress.
Example
His complacency led to a decline in his performance.
Su autocomplacencia llevó a una disminución en su rendimiento.
C1 adjective /ˈkrɪm.zən/

Crimson

rojo intenso
Meaning
a deep purplish-red color
Example
The crimson sunset painted the sky with beautiful shades.
La puesta de sol roja intensa pintó el cielo con hermosos tonos.
C1 noun /ˈsɪvɪks/

civics

educación cívica
Meaning
the study of the rights and duties of citizens and how government works
Example
Civics helps students understand their responsibilities as citizens.
La educación cívica ayuda a los estudiantes a entender sus deberes como ciudadanos.
C1 noun /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfər/

cartographer

cartógrafo
Meaning
A person who makes maps.
Example
The cartographer carefully drew the map of the new territory.
El cartógrafo dibujó cuidadosamente el mapa del nuevo territorio.
C1 noun kənˌsɒl.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən

Consolidation

consolidación de la memoria
Meaning
The process of converting newly learned information into long-term memory
Example
Sleep plays a key role in memory consolidation.
El sueño juega un papel clave en la consolidación de la memoria.
C1 noun /kræɡ/

crag

un acantilado o roca empinada
Meaning
a steep or rugged cliff or rock face
Example
The hikers climbed the jagged crag to reach the summit.
Los excursionistas subieron el acantilado escarpado para llegar a la cima.
C1 noun /ˈkæv.əl.ri/

Cavalry

caballería
Meaning
soldiers who fight on horseback; the part of an army formerly composed of troops on horseback
Example
The cavalry charged across the field with great speed.
La caballería cargó a través del campo con gran velocidad.
C1 noun /ˈʃɪvəlri/

chivalry

caballerosidad
Meaning
The medieval knightly system with its moral, social, and religious code; courteous behavior, especially toward women.
Example
The knight lived by the code of chivalry.
El caballero vivía según el código de la caballería.
C1 adjective /klaɪˈmæktɪk/

climactic

climático
Meaning
Relating to the most exciting or important moment of something.
Example
The film ended with a climactic battle scene.
La película terminó con una escena de batalla climática.
C1 verb /tʃæsˈtaɪz/

chastise

criticar severamente / castigar severamente
Meaning
to criticize or punish severely
Example
The teacher chastised the student for being late.
El maestro reprendió al estudiante por llegar tarde.
C1 noun /kəˈnɛəri/

canary

canario
Meaning
a small, usually yellow bird known for its singing; also used as a warning sign in dangerous conditions
Example
The canary sang beautifully in its cage.
El canario cantaba hermosamente en su jaula.
C1 noun ˌkæl.ɪˈbreɪ.ʃən

calibration

calibración
Meaning
The action or process of adjusting or determining the accuracy of measuring instruments.
Example
The accuracy of a scale depends on regular calibration.
La precisión de una balanza depende de una calibración regular.
C1 verb /kənˈsaɪn/

consign

consignar
Meaning
to deliver something to a person or place, often for selling or safekeeping
Example
He consigned the package to the shipping company.
Él consignó el paquete a la compañía de envíos.
C1 verb ˌsɝː.kəmˈvent

circumvent

evitar hábilmente o encontrar una manera de eludir obstáculos o reglas
Meaning
To cleverly avoid or find a way around obstacles or rules.
Example
He tried to circumvent the security system.
Él intentó eludir el sistema de seguridad.
C1 adjective /kəˈrəʊsɪv/

corrosive

corrosivo, dañino
Meaning
tending to cause corrosion; harmful or destructive to materials or people
Example
The chemical is highly corrosive and should be handled with care.
El producto químico es altamente corrosivo y debe manejarse con cuidado.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɛmptəbl/

contemptible

despreciable, abominable
Meaning
deserving of contempt; despicable
Example
His deceitful actions were truly contemptible.
Sus acciones engañosas fueron verdaderamente despreciables.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒmprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

comprehensible

comprensible
Meaning
able to be understood; intelligible
Example
The teacher explained the topic in a comprehensible way.
El maestro explicó el tema de una manera comprensible.
C1 noun /ʃæˈtoʊ/

chateau

castillo francés
Meaning
a large French country house or castle
Example
They stayed in a beautiful chateau in France.
Se alojaron en un hermoso castillo en Francia.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɜːrtɪd/

concerted

concertado
Meaning
done with great effort, planned and performed together by multiple people
Example
The workers made a concerted effort to improve conditions.
Los trabajadores hicieron un esfuerzo concertado para mejorar las condiciones.
C1 noun /ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃən/

conflagration

gran incendio destructor
Meaning
A large, destructive fire that destroys a great deal of land or property.
Example
The forest was devastated by a massive conflagration that lasted for days.
El bosque fue devastado por un enorme incendio que duró varios días.
C1 noun /kənˈtentmənt/

contentment

satisfacción
Meaning
a state of happiness and satisfaction with what one has
Example
She felt a deep sense of contentment after helping others.
Sintió una profunda satisfacción después de ayudar a otros.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnsɔːrt/

consort

compañero, consorte real
Meaning
To associate with someone, typically with disapproval; also, a spouse of a reigning monarch.
Example
He was criticized for consorting with criminals.
Fue criticado por asociarse con criminales.
C1 noun /krɛst/

crest

cima
Meaning
the top of a hill, wave, or mountain; a symbol of identity
Example
The hikers reached the crest of the mountain at sunrise.
Los excursionistas llegaron a la cima de la montaña al amanecer.
C1 noun/verb /kruːˈseɪd/

crusade

cruzada, campaña intensa
Meaning
a vigorous campaign for a social, political, or religious cause; to fight passionately for a cause
Example
She has been crusading for women's rights all her life.
ella ha estado cruzando por los derechos de las mujeres toda su vida.
C1 noun/verb /kroʊˈʃeɪ/

crochet

croché
Meaning
Needlework made by interlocking loops of thread with a hooked needle; the act of making such items.
Example
She learned how to crochet a scarf for winter.
Ella aprendió a hacer un suéter de lana para el invierno.
C1 noun /ˌklɔːstrəˈfəʊbiə/

claustrophobia

claustrofobia
Meaning
an extreme or irrational fear of being in confined spaces
Example
He avoids elevators because of his claustrophobia.
Él evita los ascensores debido a su claustrofobia.
C1 noun /kæsˈkeɪd/

Cascade

cascada; una sucesión de etapas o operaciones
Meaning
a waterfall; a succession of stages or operations
Example
The mountain cascade created a beautiful natural swimming pool below.
La cascada de la montaña creó una hermosa piscina natural de natación abajo.
C1 verb /kɜːrˈteɪl/

curtail

reducir
Meaning
to reduce or limit something, especially something considered undesirable
Example
The company had to curtail its spending due to budget cuts.
La compañía tuvo que reducir su gasto debido a los recortes presupuestarios.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊhɔːrts/

cohorts

cohortes
Meaning
Groups of people who share a common feature or experience.
Example
Researchers compared the health outcomes of different cohorts.
Los investigadores compararon los resultados de salud de diferentes cohortes.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.stɪk/

caustic

caústico, mordaz
Meaning
able to burn or corrode by chemical action; severely sarcastic
Example
Her caustic remarks hurt his feelings.
Sus comentarios caústicos hirieron sus sentimientos.
C1 noun /kʌˈstoʊ.di.ən/

Custodian

conserje; guardián; encargado
Meaning
a person who has responsibility for or looks after something; a caretaker or guardian
Example
The school custodian ensures that all buildings are clean and secure.
El conserje de la escuela se asegura de que todos los edificios estén limpios y seguros.
C1 verb/noun /ˈkrɒn.ɪ.kəl/

chronicle

registrar eventos en el orden en que ocurrieron
Meaning
To record events in the order in which they happened; a written record of historical events.
Example
She decided to chronicle her journey through a blog.
Ella decidió cronometrar su viaje a través de un blog.
C1 noun/adjective /kənˈfɛdərət/

confederate

confederado
Meaning
a person, group, or state joined in an alliance or union; relating to a confederacy
Example
The confederate soldiers fought bravely in the war.
Los soldados confederados lucharon valientemente en la guerra.
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɪzəm/

conservatism

conservadurismo
Meaning
A political or social philosophy promoting traditional institutions and resistance to change.
Example
Conservatism values tradition and gradual development.
El conservadurismo valora la tradición y el desarrollo gradual.
C1 noun, verb /ˈkɒmjuːn/

commune

comuna / comunicarse íntimamente
Meaning
Noun: a group of people living together and sharing possessions; Verb: to share one's thoughts or feelings intimately.
Example
She went to the countryside to commune with nature.
Ella fue al campo para comunicarse con la naturaleza.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːrəl/

choral

relacionado con el coro
Meaning
Relating to, written for, or performed by a choir or chorus.
Example
The church hosted a choral performance on Sunday.
La iglesia organizó una actuación coral el domingo.
C1 noun /kəˈmɪtl̩/

committal

envío a prisión / detención
Meaning
The action of sending a person to prison or a mental hospital; also the act of committing something to a particular place.
Example
The judge ordered the committal of the accused to custody.
El juez ordenó el envío del acusado a la custodia.
C1 noun /ˈsɪn.ɪˌsɪz.əm/

cynicism

cinismo
Meaning
An inclination to believe that people are motivated purely by self-interest; skepticism.
Example
His cynicism made it hard for him to trust anyone.
Su cinismo le dificultaba confiar en alguien.
C1 noun /ˈkælɪbər/

caliber

calibre
Meaning
The quality of someone's ability or character; the internal diameter of a gun barrel.
Example
The university attracts students of high caliber.
La universidad atrae a estudiantes de alto calibre.
C1 noun /kəˈmoʊʃən/

commotion

alboroto
Meaning
A state of noisy confusion or disturbance.
Example
The sudden commotion in the market drew everyone's attention.
El repentino alboroto en el mercado atrajo la atención de todos.
C1 noun /tʃæmp/

champ

campeón / ganador
Meaning
an informal word for champion or winner.
Example
He is the new champ of the boxing tournament.
Él es el nuevo campeón del torneo de boxeo.
C1 noun /kənˈteɪdʒən/

contagion

contagio
Meaning
The communication of disease from one person to another by close contact; also the spread of harmful ideas or behaviors.
Example
Fear spread like a contagion through the crowd.
El miedo se extendió como un contagio entre la multitud.
C1 adjective /kənˈdjuː.sɪv/

conducive

propicio
Meaning
Making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible; contributing to or helping to bring about.
Example
A quiet environment is conducive to studying.
Un ambiente tranquilo es propicio para estudiar.
C1 noun /ˈklɛmənsi/

clemency

clemencia
Meaning
mercy, leniency, or forgiveness shown towards someone
Example
The judge showed clemency and reduced his sentence.
El juez mostró clemencia y redujo su sentencia.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪtən/

cosmopolitan

cosmopolita
Meaning
familiar with and at ease in many different countries and cultures
Example
He has a cosmopolitan outlook due to his extensive travels.
Él tiene una perspectiva cosmopolita debido a sus amplios viajes.
C1 noun /ˈklæmər/

clamor

alboroto
Meaning
a loud and confused noise, especially of people shouting insistently
Example
The clamor of the protesting crowd filled the square.
El alboroto de la multitud que protestaba llenó la plaza.
C1 adjective /koʊˈɪnsɪdənt/

coincident

coincidente
Meaning
Occurring at the same time; occupying the same position in space or time.
Example
The festival was coincident with the national holiday.
El festival fue coincidente con el día festivo nacional.
C1 verb /kəˈluːd/

collude

conspirar
Meaning
To secretly cooperate or conspire with others, often for a deceitful purpose.
Example
The two companies colluded to fix prices in the market.
Las dos empresas conspiraron para fijar los precios en el mercado.
C1 verb /ˈkaʊər/

cower

agacharse por miedo
Meaning
to crouch down in fear
Example
The child cowered behind the sofa during the thunderstorm.
El niño se encogió detrás del sofá durante la tormenta.
C1 verb koʊˈɜrs

coerce

coaccionar
Meaning
To force someone to do something against their will using threats or intimidation.
Example
The manager tried to coerce the employees into working overtime.
El gerente intentó coaccionar a los empleados para que trabajaran horas extras.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːrdiəl/

Cordial

cordial; sincero; afectuoso
Meaning
warmly friendly; sincere; heartfelt
Example
She gave us a cordial welcome at the front door.
Nos dio una cordial bienvenida en la puerta principal.
C1 noun /kənˈfɔːrməns/

conformance

conformidad
Meaning
The act of conforming to a rule, standard, or law.
Example
The product was tested for conformance with safety standards.
El producto fue probado para su conformidad con los estándares de seguridad.
C1 noun /kəˈloʊkwiəˌlɪzəm/

colloquialism

coloquialismo
Meaning
a word or phrase used in informal speech or writing
Example
The novel is full of regional colloquialisms.
La novela está llena de coloquialismos regionales.
C1 noun /ˈkɒb.lər/

Cobbler

zapatero
Meaning
a person who repairs shoes and other leather goods
Example
The cobbler fixed my broken shoes perfectly.
El zapatero arregló mis zapatos rotos perfectamente.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.zənt/

cognizant

consciente
Meaning
Having knowledge or being aware of something.
Example
He was cognizant of the risks before starting the project.
Él estaba consciente de los riesgos antes de comenzar el proyecto.
C1 noun kɒɡˈnɪʃ.ən

cognition

cognición
Meaning
The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
Example
Cognition plays a key role in learning.
La cognición juega un papel clave en el aprendizaje.
C1 adjective /kəˈθɑːr.tɪk/

cathartic

catártico
Meaning
Providing psychological relief through the open expression of strong emotions.
Example
Writing about emotions can be a cathartic experience.
Escribir sobre las emociones puede ser una experiencia catártica.
C1 adjective, verb, noun /ˈkaʊntərfɪt/

counterfeit

falsificado
Meaning
made to look like something genuine in order to deceive
Example
The police seized a batch of counterfeit currency.
La policía confiscó un lote de billetes falsificados.
C1 adjective /ˌkaʊntərɪnˈtuːɪtɪv/

counterintuitive

contradictorio
Meaning
contrary to what one would intuitively expect
Example
His approach seems counterintuitive but it actually works.
Su enfoque parece contradictorio, pero en realidad funciona.
C1 noun /ˈkæviˌæt/

caveat

advertencia
Meaning
a warning or condition to be considered before taking action
Example
The proposal was accepted with one caveat.
La propuesta fue aceptada con una advertencia.
C1 noun /ˈsɛntrɪˌfjuːdʒ/

centrifuge

centrífuga
Meaning
A machine that spins substances at high speed to separate different components.
Example
The lab technician used a centrifuge to separate the blood cells from the plasma.
El técnico de laboratorio usó una centrífuga para separar las células sanguíneas del plasma.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈsɛntənəri/ or /sɛnˈtɛnəri/

centenary

centenario
Meaning
The hundredth anniversary of a significant event; relating to a period of 100 years.
Example
The school celebrated its centenary with a grand event.
La escuela celebró su centenario con un gran evento.
C1 verb /kəmˈprɛs/

compress

comprimir
Meaning
to press or squeeze something so that it becomes smaller
Example
The file was compressed to save storage space.
El archivo fue comprimido para ahorrar espacio de almacenamiento.
C1 adjective,noun /kənˈtɪn.dʒənt/

contingent

dependiente / contingente
Meaning
dependent on something else; a group of people representing an organization
Example
Attendance is contingent on prior registration. / A contingent of students attended the conference.
La asistencia depende de la inscripción previa. / Un contingente de estudiantes asistió a la conferencia.
C1 noun /koʊˈɜː.ʃən/

coercion

coerción
Meaning
The practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats.
Example
Cybercriminals use coercion to extract information.
Los ciberdelincuentes usan la coerción para obtener información.
C1 noun /kənˈtɛnʃən/

contention

contienda, desacuerdo
Meaning
heated disagreement or argument; a point asserted in debate
Example
The main contention between the two parties was over tax reform.
La principal contienda entre las dos partes fue sobre la reforma fiscal.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɪliətɔːri/

conciliatory

conciliatorio
Meaning
intended to make someone less angry or more agreeable; soothing
Example
She spoke in a conciliatory tone to ease the tension.
Ella habló en un tono conciliatorio para calmar la tensión.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnɪfər/

conifer

Conífera
Meaning
a type of tree that bears cones and evergreen needle-like leaves, such as pine or fir
Example
The forest is dominated by conifers like pine and spruce.
El bosque está dominado por coníferas como el pino y el abeto.