clemency
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C1 noun /ˈklɛmənsi/

clemency

clemencia
Meaning
mercy, leniency, or forgiveness shown towards someone
Example
The judge showed clemency and reduced his sentence.
El juez mostró clemencia y redujo su sentencia.
C1 adjective /kənˈdʒiːniəl/

congenial

amistoso
Meaning
pleasant and friendly because of having similar interests or qualities
Example
They found the café a congenial place to meet and talk.
Encontraron el café un lugar amistoso para reunirse y charlar.
C1 noun /ˈsɪstərn/

cistern

cisterna
Meaning
A tank or container for storing water, usually for household use.
Example
The old house still had a cistern to collect rainwater.
La casa antigua todavía tenía una cisterna para recoger agua de lluvia.
C1 noun ˈkɔː.pəs

corpus

una gran colección de datos lingüísticos usados para el análisis e investigación del lenguaje
Meaning
A large collection of linguistic data used for language analysis and research.
Example
Linguists use a corpus to analyze language patterns.
Los lingüistas usan un corpus para analizar los patrones del lenguaje.
C1 verb /kəmˈprɛs/

compress

comprimir
Meaning
to press or squeeze something so that it becomes smaller
Example
The file was compressed to save storage space.
El archivo fue comprimido para ahorrar espacio de almacenamiento.
C1 noun /kræɡ/

crag

un acantilado o roca empinada
Meaning
a steep or rugged cliff or rock face
Example
The hikers climbed the jagged crag to reach the summit.
Los excursionistas subieron el acantilado escarpado para llegar a la cima.
C1 noun /ˈklæmər/

clamor

alboroto
Meaning
a loud and confused noise, especially of people shouting insistently
Example
The clamor of the protesting crowd filled the square.
El alboroto de la multitud que protestaba llenó la plaza.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.stɪk/

caustic

caústico, mordaz
Meaning
able to burn or corrode by chemical action; severely sarcastic
Example
Her caustic remarks hurt his feelings.
Sus comentarios caústicos hirieron sus sentimientos.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.təmˈpleɪ.ʃən/

contemplation

profunda reflexión
Meaning
The action of looking thoughtfully at something for a long time; deep reflective thought.
Example
She sat in contemplation before making her decision.
Ella se sentó en profunda reflexión antes de tomar su decisión.
C1 noun /ˈkɒmən kɑːp/

Common Carp

carpa común
Meaning
A large freshwater fish widely cultivated for food
Example
Common carp is an important fish in aquaculture.
La carpa común es un pez importante en la acuicultura.
C1 noun /ˈkʌn.stə.bəl/

constable

agente
Meaning
a police officer of the lowest rank
Example
The constable directed traffic at the busy intersection.
El agente dirigió el tráfico en la intersección concurrida.
C1 noun /saɪˈteɪʃən/

citation

citación
Meaning
a quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author
Example
The research paper included a citation from Shakespeare.
El artículo de investigación incluyó una cita de Shakespeare.
C1 noun /kənˈsiːt/

conceit

vanidad
Meaning
excessive pride in oneself; vanity
Example
His conceit made him unpopular among his colleagues.
Su vanidad lo hizo impopular entre sus compañeros.
C1 noun /kəˈluːʒən/

collusion

colusión
Meaning
A secret agreement or cooperation, especially for an illegal or dishonest purpose.
Example
There was evidence of collusion between the officials and the contractors.
Había evidencia de colusión entre los funcionarios y los contratistas.
C1 noun ˈkætəlɪst

catalyst

catalizador
Meaning
A person or thing that precipitates an event or change.
Example
His speech acted as a catalyst for change in the community.
Su discurso actuó como un catalizador para el cambio en la comunidad.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnɪfər/

conifer

Conífera
Meaning
a type of tree that bears cones and evergreen needle-like leaves, such as pine or fir
Example
The forest is dominated by conifers like pine and spruce.
El bosque está dominado por coníferas como el pino y el abeto.
C1 noun /koʊlt/

Colt

potro
Meaning
a young male horse, especially one under four years old
Example
The farmer trained the young colt to accept a saddle.
El granjero entrenó al joven potro para aceptar una silla de montar.
C1 adjective,noun /kənˈtɪn.dʒənt/

contingent

dependiente / contingente
Meaning
dependent on something else; a group of people representing an organization
Example
Attendance is contingent on prior registration. / A contingent of students attended the conference.
La asistencia depende de la inscripción previa. / Un contingente de estudiantes asistió a la conferencia.
C1 adjective /kənˈteɪ.dʒəs/

Contagious

contagioso; infeccioso
Meaning
likely to spread to and affect others; infectious
Example
Her laughter is contagious and makes everyone smile.
Su risa es contagiosa y hace sonreír a todos.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsnt/

convalescent

en recuperación, que se recupera de una enfermedad o tratamiento médico
Meaning
recovering from an illness or medical treatment
Example
The hospital has a special ward for convalescent patients.
El hospital tiene una sala especial para los pacientes en recuperación.
C1 noun /ˈkæn.ə.pi/

canopy

la capa superior de un bosque formada por las copas de los árboles; cobertura superior
Meaning
The upper layer of a forest formed by the crowns of trees; overhead cover.
Example
The rainforest canopy provides shelter to many birds and insects.
El dosel del bosque tropical proporciona refugio a muchas aves e insectos.
C1 adjective /kənˈdjuː.sɪv/

conducive

propicio
Meaning
Making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible; contributing to or helping to bring about.
Example
A quiet environment is conducive to studying.
Un ambiente tranquilo es propicio para estudiar.
C1 noun /ˈkrɛvɪs/

crevice

grieta
Meaning
a narrow crack or opening, especially in a rock or wall
Example
The lizard hid in a crevice between the stones.
El lagarto se escondió en una grieta entre las piedras.
C1 noun /ˈkærət/

carat

unidad de peso para piedras preciosas
Meaning
a unit of weight for precious stones, equal to 200 milligrams
Example
She received a two-carat diamond ring for her engagement.
Ella recibió un anillo de diamantes de dos quilates para su compromiso.
C1 noun /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/

calligraphy

el arte de la escritura hermosa y decorativa
Meaning
The art of beautiful and decorative handwriting.
Example
She took a course to improve her calligraphy skills.
Ella tomó un curso para mejorar sus habilidades en caligrafía.
C1 noun /ˌkɒk.əˈtuː/

Cockatoo

cóctel
Meaning
a large parrot with a prominent crest that can be raised or lowered
Example
The white cockatoo raised its beautiful crest.
El cóctel blanco levantó su hermosa cresta.
C1 noun /kənˈtentmənt/

contentment

satisfacción
Meaning
a state of happiness and satisfaction with what one has
Example
She felt a deep sense of contentment after helping others.
Sintió una profunda satisfacción después de ayudar a otros.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊtʃ.mən/

Coachman

cochero
Meaning
a person who drives a horse-drawn carriage or coach
Example
The coachman skillfully guided the horses through the busy streets.
El cochero guió hábilmente los caballos a través de las calles concurridas.
C1 noun /kəˈmoʊʃən/

commotion

alboroto
Meaning
A state of noisy confusion or disturbance.
Example
The sudden commotion in the market drew everyone's attention.
El repentino alboroto en el mercado atrajo la atención de todos.
C1 noun /ˈkriː.dəns/

credence

creencia, aceptación
Meaning
belief in or acceptance of something as true
Example
The witness gave credence to the defendant's alibi.
El testigo dio credibilidad a la coartada del acusado.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊn.tə.nəns/

countenance

rostro, expresión; apoyo
Meaning
a person's face or expression; support or approval
Example
Her cheerful countenance brightened the room.
Su rostro alegre iluminó la habitación.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkeɪnaɪn/

canine

relacionado con los perros / dientes caninos
Meaning
Relating to dogs; also refers to the pointed teeth in humans and animals
Example
The police trained a canine unit for search operations.
La policía entrenó una unidad canina para las operaciones de búsqueda.
C1 noun /kuː/

coup

golpe de estado
Meaning
a sudden, decisive action that brings about a change, especially in government
Example
The military staged a coup to overthrow the existing regime.
El ejército llevó a cabo un golpe para derrocar al régimen existente.
C1 adjective /koʊˈɜːrsɪv/

coercive

coercitivo
Meaning
Relating to or using force or threats to make someone do something.
Example
The government faced criticism for adopting coercive measures against protestors.
El gobierno enfrentó críticas por adoptar medidas coercitivas contra los manifestantes.
C1 adjective /ˌkaʊntərɪnˈtuːɪtɪv/

counterintuitive

contradictorio
Meaning
contrary to what one would intuitively expect
Example
His approach seems counterintuitive but it actually works.
Su enfoque parece contradictorio, pero en realidad funciona.
C1 noun /ˈkævərn/

cavern

caverna
Meaning
a large cave or chamber in a cave
Example
The explorers entered a dark cavern beneath the mountain.
Los exploradores entraron en una caverna oscura debajo de la montaña.
C1 adjective ˈser.ɪ.brəl

cerebral

cerebral
Meaning
Of the cerebrum of the brain.
Example
Cerebral functions regulate thoughts.
Las funciones cerebrales regulan los pensamientos.
C1 verb /kɑːrp/

carp

quejarse
Meaning
to complain or find fault continually, often about trivial matters
Example
She tends to carp about the smallest inconveniences.
Ella tiende a quejarse por los inconvenientes más pequeños.
C1 verb /ˈkrɒs.briːd/

crossbreed

cruzar razas
Meaning
to produce an animal or plant by mating two different breeds, varieties, or species
Example
Farmers crossbreed cows to improve milk production.
Los agricultores cruzan vacas para mejorar la producción de leche.
C1 noun ˈkəmˌpaʊndɪŋ

compounding

intereses compuestos
Meaning
The process whereby interest is added to an amount of money and future interest is calculated on the total.
Example
Compounding interest increases the value of investments over time.
Los intereses compuestos aumentan el valor de las inversiones con el tiempo.
C1 adjective kəʊˈhiː.sɪv

cohesive

cohesivo
Meaning
Characterized by or causing cohesion; forming a united whole.
Example
The team displayed a cohesive strategy.
El equipo mostró una estrategia cohesionada.
C1 noun /kɔːrs flaʊər/

Course flour

harina gruesa
Meaning
coarsely ground flour with larger particles, typically used for baking bread
Example
She used course flour to make homemade bread with a rustic texture.
Ella usó harina gruesa para hacer pan casero con una textura rústica.
C1 adjective /ˈkæl.əs/

Callous

insensible; cruel; despiadado
Meaning
showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others; emotionally hardened
Example
He showed a callous disregard for others' feelings.
Él mostró un desdén calloso por los sentimientos de los demás.
C1 noun /kənˈtɪn.ju.əns/

continuance

continuidad
Meaning
the state of continuing or being prolonged; persistence
Example
The continuance of the project depended on securing additional funding.
La continuación del proyecto dependía de asegurar fondos adicionales.
C1 noun /ˈkʌntrɪmən/

countryman

compatriota
Meaning
a person from one's own country or rural area
Example
He was proud to meet a fellow countryman at the international conference.
Se sintió orgulloso de conocer a un compatriota en la conferencia internacional.
C1 verb /kəˈrəʊd/

corrode

corroer
Meaning
to gradually destroy or wear away metal or other materials through chemical action
Example
The iron pipes corroded over time due to exposure to water.
Las tuberías de hierro se corrodieron con el tiempo debido a la exposición al agua.
C1 adjective kənˈten.ʃəs

contentious

controvertido
Meaning
Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.
Example
The contentious issue divided global leaders.
El tema controvertido dividió a los líderes globales.
C1 noun /ˌkɔr.diˈæl.ɪ.ti/

Cordiality

cordialidad; amabilidad
Meaning
sincere affection and kindness; warm and friendly behavior
Example
The host's cordiality made all the guests feel welcome and comfortable.
La cordialidad del anfitrión hizo que todos los invitados se sintieran bienvenidos y cómodos.
C1 verb /kənˈfaʊnd/

confound

desconcertar
Meaning
to confuse or surprise someone, often by acting against their expectations
Example
The magician's trick seemed to confound the entire audience.
El truco del mago parecía desconcertar a toda la audiencia.
C1 noun /kənˈfɔːrmɪst/

conformist

conformista
Meaning
A person who uncritically conforms to established practices or standards.
Example
She was labeled a conformist for always following the crowd.
Ella fue etiquetada como conformista por siempre seguir a la multitud.
C1 adjective ˌkɑːr.sɪ.nəˈdʒen.ɪk

carcinogenic

carcinógeno
Meaning
Having the potential to cause cancer in living tissue.
Example
Processed meat contains carcinogenic compounds.
La carne procesada contiene compuestos carcinógenos.
C1 noun /ˈkʌl.ən.dər/

Colander

colador
Meaning
a bowl-shaped kitchen utensil with holes in it used for draining food such as pasta or rice
Example
She drained the pasta using a colander.
Ella drenó la pasta usando un colador.
C1 noun ˌkɒn.əˈteɪ.ʃən

connotation

significado implícito o sugerido
Meaning
The implied or suggested meaning of a word beyond its literal definition
Example
The word 'home' has a warm connotation of comfort and family.
La palabra 'hogar' tiene una connotación cálida de comodidad y familia
C1 noun kəˈmjuːnɪti ˈsɜːrvɪs aɪˈdiːəlz

community service ideals

ideales de servicio comunitario
Meaning
Principles and standards of serving the community for social good.
Example
Community service ideals must be taught in schools.
Los ideales de servicio comunitario deben enseñarse en las escuelas.
C1 verb /kənˈfleɪt/

conflate

fusionar / combinar
Meaning
To combine two or more things, often confusingly, into one.
Example
The article tends to conflate facts with opinions.
El artículo tiende a fusionar los hechos con las opiniones.
C1 adjective /kəˈnɒnɪkəl/

canonical

canónico / aceptado
Meaning
Conforming to a general rule or accepted standard; officially recognized.
Example
Shakespeare’s works are considered canonical in English literature.
Las obras de Shakespeare se consideran canónicas en la literatura inglesa.
C1 adjective /koʊˈɪnsɪdənt/

coincident

coincidente
Meaning
Occurring at the same time; occupying the same position in space or time.
Example
The festival was coincident with the national holiday.
El festival fue coincidente con el día festivo nacional.
C1 verb /kəˈpɪtjʊˌleɪt/

capitulate

capitular
Meaning
to surrender or give in after resisting
Example
The army had no choice but to capitulate to the enemy.
El ejército no tuvo más opción que capitular ante el enemigo.
C1 adjective /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/

compulsive

compulsivo
Meaning
Resulting from or acting on an irresistible urge, especially one that is against one's conscious wishes.
Example
He is a compulsive gambler who cannot stop placing bets.
Él es un jugador compulsivo que no puede dejar de apostar.
C1 verb /kənˈdəʊn/

condone

condonar
Meaning
To accept or allow behavior that is morally wrong or offensive.
Example
The manager refused to condone harassment in the workplace.
El gerente se negó a condonar el acoso en el lugar de trabajo.
C1 verb কনডেন্স

condense

condensarse
Meaning
To change from gas to liquid form; to become denser.
Example
Water vapor condenses into raindrops.
El vapor de agua se condensa en gotas de lluvia.
C1 verb /kəˈluːd/

collude

conspirar
Meaning
To secretly cooperate or conspire with others, often for a deceitful purpose.
Example
The two companies colluded to fix prices in the market.
Las dos empresas conspiraron para fijar los precios en el mercado.
C1 adjective /kənˈkluː.sɪv/

Conclusive

conclusivo; definitivo; resolviendo completamente un asunto
Meaning
final; decisive; settling a matter completely
Example
The evidence was conclusive and left no room for doubt.
La evidencia fue concluyente y no dejó lugar para la duda.
C1 verb /ˌkɒm.pɑːtˈmen.təl.aɪz/

compartmentalize

compartimentar
Meaning
To divide into sections or categories; to separate things into compartments.
Example
To increase efficiency, he compartmentalized his work tasks.
Para aumentar la eficiencia, él compartimentó sus tareas laborales.
C1 noun ˈkeɪ.dəns

cadence

ritmo de habla con subida y bajada de tono
Meaning
The rhythm and flow of speech with rise and fall in tone.
Example
His speech had a natural cadence that captivated the audience.
Su discurso tenía una cadencia natural que cautivó a la audiencia.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊntərˌpɔɪnt/

counterpoint

contrapunto
Meaning
an argument, idea, or theme contrasting with another; also a musical term for independent melody
Example
Her calm attitude was a counterpoint to his anger.
Su actitud tranquila fue un contrapunto a su ira.
C1 noun /ˈkætərækt/

cataract

catarata / cascada
Meaning
A medical condition causing clouding of the eye's lens; also a large waterfall.
Example
The old man suffered from cataracts in both eyes.
El hombre mayor sufría de cataratas en ambos ojos.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːrtɪlɪdʒ/

cartilage

cartílago
Meaning
A firm, flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the body such as joints, ear, and nose.
Example
The doctor explained that the injury damaged the cartilage in his knee.
El médico explicó que la lesión dañó el cartílago de su rodilla.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.əˈsɜːr/

connoisseur

experto
Meaning
an expert judge in matters of taste, especially in food, art, or wine
Example
She is a true connoisseur of fine art.
Ella es una verdadera experta en arte fino.
C1 noun ˈklaɪmət ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən

climate regulation

regulación del clima
Meaning
The moderation of climate conditions through natural or artificial processes.
Example
Forests help in climate regulation by stabilizing local temperatures.
Los bosques ayudan a la regulación del clima estabilizando las temperaturas locales.
C1 noun/verb /ˈsaɪ.fər/

cipher

cifrado
Meaning
A secret or disguised way of writing; a code; to put a message into secret writing.
Example
Military messages are protected using a cipher.
Los mensajes militares están protegidos mediante un cifrado.
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɔːri/

conservatory

invernadero / escuela de música y arte
Meaning
A greenhouse for growing plants or a school for music and the arts.
Example
They grew exotic plants in the conservatory.
Cultivaron plantas exóticas en el invernadero.
C1 noun /ˌkʌl də ˈsæk/

cul de sac

calle sin salida
Meaning
A street or passage closed at one end; a dead end.
Example
They bought a house at the end of a quiet cul de sac.
Compraron una casa al final de una tranquila calle sin salida.
C1 adjective /ˌʃoʊ.vəˈnɪs.tɪk/

chauvinistic

chauvinista
Meaning
Displaying or characterized by excessive or prejudiced loyalty or support, especially towards one's own gender or group.
Example
His chauvinistic attitude alienated many of his female colleagues.
Su actitud chauvinista alienó a muchas de sus compañeras de trabajo.
C1 noun /ˈkæn.dɚ/

candor

franqueza
Meaning
The quality of being open, honest, and straightforward in speech or expression.
Example
She spoke with candor about the challenges she faced.
Ella habló con franqueza sobre los desafíos que enfrentó.
C1 noun /kənˈsep.ʃən/

Conception

concepción; idea; fertilización
Meaning
the forming of an idea or plan; the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm; the action of conceiving
Example
The conception of this innovative project took several months of brainstorming.
La concepción de este proyecto innovador tomó varios meses de lluvia de ideas.
C1 verb koʊˈɜrs

coerce

coaccionar
Meaning
To force someone to do something against their will using threats or intimidation.
Example
The manager tried to coerce the employees into working overtime.
El gerente intentó coaccionar a los empleados para que trabajaran horas extras.
C1 noun /səˈvɪləti/

civility

cortesía
Meaning
Polite and courteous behavior.
Example
He treated his opponent with civility despite their differences.
Trató a su oponente con cortesía a pesar de sus diferencias.
C1 adjective /kəˈmɛmərətɪv/

commemorative

conmemorativo
Meaning
Serving as a reminder or in honor of a person or event.
Example
They issued a commemorative coin for the independence anniversary.
Emitieron una moneda conmemorativa para el aniversario de la independencia.
C1 noun /ˈkæviˌæt/

caveat

advertencia
Meaning
a warning or condition to be considered before taking action
Example
The proposal was accepted with one caveat.
La propuesta fue aceptada con una advertencia.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæplɪn/

chaplain

capellán
Meaning
A member of the clergy attached to a private chapel, institution, hospital, or military unit.
Example
The army chaplain offered prayers before the battle.
El capellán del ejército ofreció oraciones antes de la batalla.
C1 noun kəˈmjunəl ˈhɑrməni

communal harmony

armonía comunal
Meaning
Peaceful coexistence and cooperation among different groups in a community.
Example
Maintaining communal harmony requires mutual respect and understanding.
Mantener la armonía comunal requiere respeto y comprensión mutuos.
C1 adjective /kəˈrəʊsɪv/

corrosive

corrosivo, dañino
Meaning
tending to cause corrosion; harmful or destructive to materials or people
Example
The chemical is highly corrosive and should be handled with care.
El producto químico es altamente corrosivo y debe manejarse con cuidado.
C1 verb /kriːk/

creak

hacer un ruido chirriante o agudo
Meaning
to make a high-pitched, squeaking noise when moved
Example
The old door creaked as she opened it.
La puerta vieja crujió cuando la abrió.
C1 noun /ˈʃæsi/

chassis

chasis del vehículo
Meaning
the base frame of a vehicle or other wheeled machine
Example
The mechanic examined the car's chassis for damage.
El mecánico examinó el chasis del coche en busca de daños.
C1 noun /ˈkælɪbər/

caliber

calibre
Meaning
The quality of someone's ability or character; the internal diameter of a gun barrel.
Example
The university attracts students of high caliber.
La universidad atrae a estudiantes de alto calibre.
C1 noun sɜːrˈkeɪdiən ˈrɪðəm

circadian rhythm

ritmo circadiano
Meaning
The body's natural sleep-wake cycle that occurs within 24 hours
Example
Exposure to natural light regulates the circadian rhythm.
La exposición a la luz natural regula el ritmo circadiano.
C1 noun /ˈʃoʊ.və.nɪst/

chauvinist

persona excesivamente parcial
Meaning
A person displaying excessive or prejudiced loyalty to a group, cause, or gender.
Example
He was labeled a chauvinist after his remarks about women in the workplace.
Fue etiquetado como chauvinista después de sus comentarios sobre las mujeres en el lugar de trabajo.
C1 noun /tʃɪt/

Chit

nota, billete, recibo
Meaning
a short note, typically a brief informal letter; a voucher for a sum owed
Example
She left a chit on the table asking him to call her back.
Ella dejó un chit en la mesa pidiéndole que la llamara de vuelta.
C1 verb, noun /klɑːɡ/

clog

obstruir / zapato de madera
Meaning
to block or become blocked; a type of heavy wooden shoe
Example
The sink was clogged with food waste.
El fregadero estaba obstruido con desperdicios de comida.
C1 noun /kənˈtɛnʃən/

contention

contienda, desacuerdo
Meaning
heated disagreement or argument; a point asserted in debate
Example
The main contention between the two parties was over tax reform.
La principal contienda entre las dos partes fue sobre la reforma fiscal.
C1 adjective ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs

conscientious

consciente
Meaning
Wishing to do what is right, especially to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly.
Example
A conscientious worker always delivers high-quality results.
Un trabajador consciente siempre entrega resultados de alta calidad.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈkɒn.sə.mət/

consummate

completar o perfeccionar algo con gran habilidad
Meaning
To complete or perfect something with great skill
Example
He is a consummate artist with years of experience.
Él es un artista consumado con años de experiencia.
C1 noun /ʃəˈreɪd/

charade

farsa, juego de mímica
Meaning
an absurd pretense or act intended to deceive; also a word-guessing game
Example
The trial was nothing more than a political charade.
El juicio no fue más que una farsa política.
C1 noun /krəˈvæs/

crevasse

grieta profunda
Meaning
a deep crack in a glacier or the earth’s surface
Example
The climbers carefully crossed the icy crevasse.
Los escaladores cruzaron cuidadosamente la grieta helada.
C1 adjective /klaɪˈmæktɪk/

climactic

climático
Meaning
Relating to the most exciting or important moment of something.
Example
The film ended with a climactic battle scene.
La película terminó con una escena de batalla climática.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɪvəlrəs/

chivalrous

caballeroso
Meaning
Behaving in a courteous, gallant, and honorable way, especially toward women.
Example
He was chivalrous, always opening doors for others.
Él era caballeroso, siempre abriendo puertas para los demás.
C1 verb /ˈkrɪstəlaɪz/

crystallize

cristalizar
Meaning
to form crystals; to make an idea or plan clear and definite
Example
Her vague thoughts began to crystallize into a solid plan.
Sus pensamientos vagos comenzaron a cristalizar en un plan sólido.
C1 adverb /ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃəli/

Confidentially

de manera confidencial
Meaning
in a confidential manner; secretly; privately
Example
The information was shared confidentially between the two managers.
La información fue compartida confidencialmente entre los dos gerentes.
C1 noun /kəˈres/

Caress

caricia
Meaning
a gentle or loving touch
Example
The mother's gentle caress calmed the crying baby.
El suave cariño de la madre calmó al bebé llorando.
C1 verb /kənˈspaɪər/

conspire

conspirar
Meaning
to secretly plan with others to do something harmful or illegal
Example
They conspired to overthrow the government.
Ellos conspiraron para derrocar al gobierno.
C1 adjective /kræs/

crass

tosco, sin sensibilidad o refinamiento
Meaning
lacking sensitivity, refinement, or intelligence
Example
His crass remarks offended everyone at the meeting.
Sus comentarios groseros ofendieron a todos en la reunión.
C1 noun /kənˈtɪn.dʒən.si/

contingency

plan de contingencia
Meaning
A provision for an unforeseen event or circumstance, especially in financial planning.
Example
The company has a contingency plan for economic downturns.
La empresa tiene un plan de contingencia para las recesiones económicas.
C1 adjective /kənˈspɪkjuəs/

conspicuous

conspicuo
Meaning
Easily noticeable; attracting attention due to being unusual or prominent.
Example
Her red dress made her conspicuous at the party.
Su vestido rojo la hizo conspicua en la fiesta.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæs.tɪ.ti/

Chastity

castidad; virginidad; moderación;
Meaning
the practice of refraining from extramarital or premarital sexual relations; sexual purity
Example
Many religious traditions value chastity as a virtue of moral purity.
Muchas tradiciones religiosas valoran la castidad como una virtud de pureza moral.
C1 adjective ˈklaɪ.mət rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt

climate-resilient

resistente al clima
Meaning
Able to cope with the adverse effects of climate change; sustainable and adaptable.
Example
Climate-resilient crops can survive extreme weather conditions.
Los cultivos resistentes al clima pueden sobrevivir a condiciones meteorológicas extremas.
C1 adjective /ˈkræfti/

crafty

astuto, ingenioso, tramposo
Meaning
skilled at achieving goals through cunning or deceit; sly
Example
The crafty fox evaded the hunters again.
El astuto zorro evadió a los cazadores nuevamente.
C1 noun/verb /kruːˈseɪd/

crusade

cruzada, campaña intensa
Meaning
a vigorous campaign for a social, political, or religious cause; to fight passionately for a cause
Example
She has been crusading for women's rights all her life.
ella ha estado cruzando por los derechos de las mujeres toda su vida.
C1 verb /ˈkʌn.dʒər/

conjure

conjurar
Meaning
to summon something as if by magic; to imagine vividly
Example
The magician conjured a rabbit out of the hat.
El mago conjuró un conejo de su sombrero.
C1 adjective /ˈkæni/

canny

astuto
Meaning
Having good judgment, especially in business or practical matters; shrewd.
Example
She made a canny investment in real estate.
Ella hizo una inversión astuta en bienes raíces.
C1 adjective /kənˈɡrɛʃənl/

congressional

congresista
Meaning
relating to a congress, especially the US Congress
Example
The bill received strong congressional support.
El proyecto de ley recibió un fuerte apoyo congresista.
C1 verb /kʌl/

cull

seleccionar / eliminar
Meaning
to select or remove from a larger group, often to reduce numbers
Example
The farmers decided to cull the sick animals from the herd.
Los granjeros decidieron eliminar a los animales enfermos del rebaño.
C1 noun /krʌks/

crux

el núcleo
Meaning
the most important or decisive point of an issue
Example
The crux of the problem lies in poor communication.
El núcleo del problema radica en la mala comunicación.
C1 adjective /ˈkoʊpiəs/

copious

copioso
Meaning
abundant in supply or quantity
Example
She took copious notes during the lecture.
Ella tomó copiosas notas durante la conferencia.
C1 adjective /kəˈθɑːr.tɪk/

cathartic

catártico
Meaning
Providing psychological relief through the open expression of strong emotions.
Example
Writing about emotions can be a cathartic experience.
Escribir sobre las emociones puede ser una experiencia catártica.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndɪmənts/

condiments

condimentos o salsas
Meaning
Seasonings or sauces used to add flavor to food.
Example
Ketchup and mustard are popular condiments for burgers.
El kétchup y la mostaza son condimentos populares para las hamburguesas.
C1 noun /kəˈloʊkwiəˌlɪzəm/

colloquialism

coloquialismo
Meaning
a word or phrase used in informal speech or writing
Example
The novel is full of regional colloquialisms.
La novela está llena de coloquialismos regionales.
C1 noun /kəmˈplɪsəti/

complicity

complicidad
Meaning
the state of being involved with others in an illegal activity or wrongdoing
Example
The court revealed his complicity in the fraud scheme.
El tribunal reveló su complicidad en el esquema de fraude.
C1 adjective /kəmˈpensətɔːri/

compensatory

compensatorio
Meaning
serving to make up for a loss, damage, or injury
Example
The court awarded him compensatory damages.
El tribunal le otorgó daños compensatorios.
C1 noun /kənˈfɔːrməns/

conformance

conformidad
Meaning
The act of conforming to a rule, standard, or law.
Example
The product was tested for conformance with safety standards.
El producto fue probado para su conformidad con los estándares de seguridad.
C1 adjective /kəˈlæpsəbl̩/

collapsible

plegable
Meaning
able to be folded down or reduced in size
Example
She bought a collapsible chair for camping.
Ella compró una silla plegable para acampar.