Cardamom
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C1 noun /ˈkɑːrdəməm/

Cardamom

cardamomo
Meaning
aromatic seeds from a plant in the ginger family, used as a spice
Example
The recipe calls for a pinch of ground cardamom.
La receta requiere un poco de cardamomo molido.
C1 noun /kəˈlæm.ɪ.ti/

Calamity

calamidad; desastre
Meaning
an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster
Example
The earthquake was a terrible calamity that affected thousands of families.
El terremoto fue una terrible calamidad que afectó a miles de familias.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæs.tɪ.ti/

Chastity

castidad; virginidad; moderación;
Meaning
the practice of refraining from extramarital or premarital sexual relations; sexual purity
Example
Many religious traditions value chastity as a virtue of moral purity.
Muchas tradiciones religiosas valoran la castidad como una virtud de pureza moral.
C1 noun ˈkɑːr.bən ˌsiː.kwəˈstreɪ.ʃən

carbon sequestration

secuestro de carbono
Meaning
The process of capture and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide to mitigate or defer global warming.
Example
Forests play a key role in carbon sequestration.
Los bosques juegan un papel clave en la secuestración de carbono.
C1 adjective ˈkʌm.bə.səm

cumbersome

pesado, torpe, difícil de manejar
Meaning
Heavy, unwieldy, difficult to handle or carry.
Example
The cumbersome luggage slowed him down.
El equipaje pesado lo ralentizó.
C1 noun /kəˈmɪtl̩/

committal

envío a prisión / detención
Meaning
The action of sending a person to prison or a mental hospital; also the act of committing something to a particular place.
Example
The judge ordered the committal of the accused to custody.
El juez ordenó el envío del acusado a la custodia.
C1 adjective /ˈkɜːrsəri/

cursory

superficial
Meaning
Hasty and therefore not thorough or detailed.
Example
He gave the report only a cursory glance before the meeting.
Él echó un vistazo superficial al informe antes de la reunión.
C1 noun /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfi/

cartography

cartografía
Meaning
The science or practice of drawing maps.
Example
She studied cartography at university to learn how to design maps.
Estudió cartografía en la universidad para aprender a diseñar mapas.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.əˈsɜːr/

connoisseur

experto
Meaning
an expert judge in matters of taste, especially in food, art, or wine
Example
She is a true connoisseur of fine art.
Ella es una verdadera experta en arte fino.
C1 verb /ˌkɒntrəˈviːn/

contravene

contravenir
Meaning
to go against or act in opposition to a law, rule, or agreement
Example
He contravened the safety regulations and was fined.
Él contravino las normas de seguridad y fue multado.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɪliətɔːri/

conciliatory

conciliatorio
Meaning
intended to make someone less angry or more agreeable; soothing
Example
She spoke in a conciliatory tone to ease the tension.
Ella habló en un tono conciliatorio para calmar la tensión.
C1 noun /kəmˈpəʊ.ʒər/

composure

estado de calma y autocontrol
Meaning
The state or feeling of being calm and in control of oneself.
Example
She maintained her composure during the interview.
Ella mantuvo su compostura durante la entrevista.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːl.drən/

Cauldron

caldero
Meaning
a large metal pot with a lid and handle, used for cooking over a fire
Example
The witch stirred her potion in a large cauldron.
La bruja removió su poción en un gran caldero.
C1 verb /krɪndʒ/

cringe

encogerse
Meaning
To shrink back in fear, embarrassment, or discomfort.
Example
She cringed when she remembered her mistake.
Ella se encogió cuando recordó su error.
C1 adjective /ˌkævəˈlɪər/

cavalier

despreocupado
Meaning
showing a lack of proper concern; dismissive or offhand
Example
He had a cavalier attitude toward safety regulations.
Tenía una actitud despreocupada hacia las normas de seguridad.
C1 noun /ˈtʃænsələr/

chancellor

canciller / rector
Meaning
A senior state or legal official, or the head of a university.
Example
The chancellor delivered an inspiring speech at the graduation ceremony.
El canciller pronunció un discurso inspirador en la ceremonia de graduación.
C1 noun /kəmˈprɛʃn̩/

compression

compresión
Meaning
The act of pressing or squeezing something into a smaller space.
Example
File compression helps reduce storage requirements.
La compresión de archivos ayuda a reducir los requisitos de almacenamiento.
C1 noun /kæʃ/

cache

caché
Meaning
A hidden storage of items or a high-speed memory in computing.
Example
The hikers found a cache of supplies hidden under the rocks.
Los excursionistas encontraron un almacén de suministros ocultos bajo las rocas.
C1 noun /tʃɪt/

Chit

nota, billete, recibo
Meaning
a short note, typically a brief informal letter; a voucher for a sum owed
Example
She left a chit on the table asking him to call her back.
Ella dejó un chit en la mesa pidiéndole que la llamara de vuelta.
C1 adjective /kɔɪ/

coy

tímido, reservado
Meaning
reluctant to give details or reveal feelings; shy or reserved
Example
She gave a coy smile when asked about her plans.
Ella dio una sonrisa tímida cuando le preguntaron sobre sus planes.
C1 verb /ˈkrɪstəlaɪz/

crystallize

cristalizar
Meaning
to form crystals; to make an idea or plan clear and definite
Example
Her vague thoughts began to crystallize into a solid plan.
Sus pensamientos vagos comenzaron a cristalizar en un plan sólido.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnskrɪpt/

conscript

construir un ejército forzando a alguien a unirse
Meaning
to force someone into military service
Example
The government conscripted young men during the war.
El gobierno conscribió a los jóvenes durante la guerra.
C1 verb /ˈkrʌmpəl/

crumple

arrugar
Meaning
to crush something into folds or wrinkles
Example
He crumpled the paper and threw it in the bin.
Él arrugó el papel y lo tiró a la papelera.
C1 adjective /kəmˈpensətɔːri/

compensatory

compensatorio
Meaning
serving to make up for a loss, damage, or injury
Example
The court awarded him compensatory damages.
El tribunal le otorgó daños compensatorios.
C1 verb /kəˈleɪt/

collate

compilar
Meaning
to collect, arrange, and combine in order
Example
The secretary collated the reports before the meeting.
La secretaria recopiló los informes antes de la reunión.
C1 noun /ˈklaɪəntɛl/

clientele

clientela
Meaning
The clients or customers of a professional person or business.
Example
The salon's clientele includes many high-profile individuals.
La clientela del salón incluye a muchos individuos de alto perfil.
C1 adjective /kəˈθɑːr.tɪk/

cathartic

catártico
Meaning
Providing psychological relief through the open expression of strong emotions.
Example
Writing about emotions can be a cathartic experience.
Escribir sobre las emociones puede ser una experiencia catártica.
C1 verb koʊˈɜrs

coerce

coaccionar
Meaning
To force someone to do something against their will using threats or intimidation.
Example
The manager tried to coerce the employees into working overtime.
El gerente intentó coaccionar a los empleados para que trabajaran horas extras.
C1 adjective/noun /ˈkɜːrsɪv/

cursive

letra cursiva
Meaning
Written with characters joined together in a flowing manner.
Example
The teacher asked students to write the essay in cursive handwriting.
El maestro pidió a los estudiantes que escribieran el ensayo con letra cursiva.
C1 verb /kəmˈpjuːt/

compute

calcular
Meaning
To calculate or determine by using a computer or mathematical methods.
Example
The software can compute the total cost in seconds.
El software puede calcular el costo total en segundos.
C1 noun /ˈkærɪkətjʊə/

caricature

caricatura
Meaning
A picture or description that exaggerates certain features for comic or satirical effect.
Example
The magazine published a caricature of the politician.
La revista publicó una caricatura del político.
C1 verb /kənˈstruː/

construe

interpretar
Meaning
to interpret or understand the meaning of something in a particular way
Example
His words could be construed as a threat.
Sus palabras podrían interpretarse como una amenaza.
C1 adjective /kəˈləʊ.kwi.əl/

colloquial

coloquial
Meaning
Used in ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing; informal language.
Example
His colloquial expressions made the speech relatable.
Sus expresiones coloquiales hicieron que el discurso fuera más accesible.
C1 verb /koʊˈhæbɪt/

cohabit

cohabitar
Meaning
To live together, often as partners without being married.
Example
They decided to cohabit before getting married.
Decidieron cohabitar antes de casarse.
C1 noun /klæn/

clan

clan
Meaning
a large family group or a close-knit community with shared interests or ancestry
Example
The entire clan gathered to celebrate the festival.
Todo el clan se reunió para celebrar el festival.
C1 noun /kəˈloʊkwiəˌlɪzəm/

colloquialism

coloquialismo
Meaning
a word or phrase used in informal speech or writing
Example
The novel is full of regional colloquialisms.
La novela está llena de coloquialismos regionales.
C1 noun /kənˈfaɪnmənt/

confinement

confinamiento
Meaning
the state of being confined or restricted
Example
The prisoner endured years of confinement.
El prisionero soportó años de confinamiento.
C1 adverb /ˈkrɒswaɪz/

Crosswise

en forma de cruz
Meaning
in the form of a cross; diagonally across
Example
Place the logs crosswise to build a stable fire.
Coloca los troncos en forma de cruz para hacer un fuego estable.
C1 noun kəˈlɛktɪvɪzəm

collectivism

colectivismo
Meaning
The practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it.
Example
Collectivism emphasizes the importance of group over individual interests.
El colectivismo enfatiza la importancia del grupo sobre los intereses individuales.
C1 noun /ˈkæpɪˌlɛri/

capillary

capilar
Meaning
a very thin blood vessel that connects arteries and veins
Example
Oxygen passes from the blood into tissues through capillaries.
El oxígeno pasa de la sangre a los tejidos a través de los capilares.
C1 noun /ˈkɒz.moʊs/

Cosmos

flor cosmos
Meaning
a colorful annual flower with daisy-like blooms and feathery foliage
Example
The cosmos flowers swayed gently in the summer breeze across the meadow.
Las flores de cosmos se movían suavemente en la brisa de verano a través del prado.
C1 noun /səˈvɪləti/

civility

cortesía
Meaning
Polite and courteous behavior.
Example
He treated his opponent with civility despite their differences.
Trató a su oponente con cortesía a pesar de sus diferencias.
C1 noun /ˈʃæpəroʊn/

chaperon

acompañante
Meaning
An older person who accompanies and supervises young people in social situations.
Example
The teacher acted as a chaperon during the school dance.
El maestro actuó como un acompañante durante el baile escolar.
C1 noun ˈklaɪmət ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən

climate regulation

regulación del clima
Meaning
The moderation of climate conditions through natural or artificial processes.
Example
Forests help in climate regulation by stabilizing local temperatures.
Los bosques ayudan a la regulación del clima estabilizando las temperaturas locales.
C1 noun /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/

convoy

convoy
Meaning
a group of vehicles or ships traveling together, often for protection
Example
The military convoy moved through the desert at dawn.
El convoy militar atravesó el desierto al amanecer.
C1 noun ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs.nəs

conscientiousness

conciencia
Meaning
The quality of wishing to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly; diligence.
Example
Her conscientiousness in work led to a well-organized project.
Su conciencia en el trabajo condujo a un proyecto bien organizado.
C1 adjective,noun /kənˈtɪn.dʒənt/

contingent

dependiente / contingente
Meaning
dependent on something else; a group of people representing an organization
Example
Attendance is contingent on prior registration. / A contingent of students attended the conference.
La asistencia depende de la inscripción previa. / Un contingente de estudiantes asistió a la conferencia.
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɛk.ərd/

checkered

a cuadros
Meaning
Having a pattern of alternating squares of different colors; also describing a past full of ups and downs or varied experiences.
Example
He had a checkered career with many highs and lows.
Él tuvo una carrera a cuadros con muchos altibajos.
C1 noun kəˈrəʊ.ʒən

corrosion

corrosión
Meaning
The gradual destruction of materials by chemical or electrochemical reaction, especially of metals by oxidation.
Example
Corrosion in pipes leads to leakage.
La corrosión en las tuberías conduce a la fuga.
C1 adverb /ˈkɔːrdiəli/

Cordially

cordialmente
Meaning
in a warm and friendly manner; sincerely
Example
You are cordially invited to our wedding ceremony.
Estás cordialmente invitado a nuestra ceremonia de boda.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnsɔːrt/

consort

compañero, consorte real
Meaning
To associate with someone, typically with disapproval; also, a spouse of a reigning monarch.
Example
He was criticized for consorting with criminals.
Fue criticado por asociarse con criminales.
C1 noun /ˌkɒnstəˈneɪʃən/

consternation

consternación
Meaning
A feeling of anxiety, dismay, or confusion, often caused by something unexpected.
Example
The sudden announcement caused widespread consternation among the employees.
El anuncio repentino causó una consternación generalizada entre los empleados
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.stɪk/

caustic

caústico, mordaz
Meaning
able to burn or corrode by chemical action; severely sarcastic
Example
Her caustic remarks hurt his feelings.
Sus comentarios caústicos hirieron sus sentimientos.
C1 adjective /ˌkætəˈklɪzmɪk/

cataclysmic

catastrófico
Meaning
Relating to or denoting a violent natural event or upheaval.
Example
The war had cataclysmic effects on the nation's economy.
La guerra tuvo efectos catastróficos en la economía del país.
C1 adjective ˈser.ɪ.brəl

cerebral

cerebral
Meaning
Of the cerebrum of the brain.
Example
Cerebral functions regulate thoughts.
Las funciones cerebrales regulan los pensamientos.
C1 adjective /kəmˈpleɪsənt/

complacent

complaciente
Meaning
showing self-satisfaction and a lack of concern about potential dangers or problems
Example
The team grew complacent after a few victories and stopped practicing hard.
El equipo se volvió complaciente después de unas victorias y dejó de practicar duro.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈsɛlɪbət/

celibate

célibe; celibato
Meaning
abstaining from marriage and sexual relations; a person who does so
Example
He chose to remain celibate for religious reasons.
Eligió permanecer en celibato por motivos religiosos.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːrdən/

cordon

cordón de seguridad
Meaning
a line or circle of police, soldiers, or guards preventing access
Example
The police set up a cordon around the crime scene.
La policía estableció un cordón alrededor de la escena del crimen.
C1 verb কনডেন্স

condense

condensarse
Meaning
To change from gas to liquid form; to become denser.
Example
Water vapor condenses into raindrops.
El vapor de agua se condensa en gotas de lluvia.
C1 adjective ˈklaɪ.mət rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt

climate-resilient

resistente al clima
Meaning
Able to cope with the adverse effects of climate change; sustainable and adaptable.
Example
Climate-resilient crops can survive extreme weather conditions.
Los cultivos resistentes al clima pueden sobrevivir a condiciones meteorológicas extremas.
C1 noun /ˈkruːsɪbəl/

crucible

prueba severa, recipiente para fundir sustancias
Meaning
a severe test or trial; a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures
Example
The team emerged stronger from the crucible of competition.
El equipo salió más fuerte del crisol de la competencia.
C1 noun /ˈkærət/

carat

unidad de peso para piedras preciosas
Meaning
a unit of weight for precious stones, equal to 200 milligrams
Example
She received a two-carat diamond ring for her engagement.
Ella recibió un anillo de diamantes de dos quilates para su compromiso.
C1 noun ˌkɒm.pjʊˈteɪ.ʃən

computation

cálculo
Meaning
The action of mathematical calculation.
Example
Complex computation is required for AI models.
Se requiere un cálculo complejo para los modelos de IA.
C1 noun koʊˈhisɪv ˈjunɪts

cohesive units

unidades cohesivas
Meaning
Groups or organizations that work together as unified wholes, with members closely bound together.
Example
Early humans formed cohesive units for survival.
Los primeros humanos formaron unidades cohesivas para sobrevivir.
C1 noun /kəˈres/

Caress

caricia
Meaning
a gentle or loving touch
Example
The mother's gentle caress calmed the crying baby.
El suave cariño de la madre calmó al bebé llorando.
C1 noun /ˈsɪstərn/

cistern

cisterna
Meaning
A tank or container for storing water, usually for household use.
Example
The old house still had a cistern to collect rainwater.
La casa antigua todavía tenía una cisterna para recoger agua de lluvia.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊhɔːrt/

cohort

cohorte
Meaning
A group of people with a shared characteristic, usually of the same age or with a common experience.
Example
The study tracked a cohort of students over ten years.
El estudio siguió a una cohorte de estudiantes durante diez años.
C1 noun /koʊˈɜː.ʃən/

coercion

coerción
Meaning
The practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats.
Example
Cybercriminals use coercion to extract information.
Los ciberdelincuentes usan la coerción para obtener información.
C1 verb /tʃæsˈtaɪz/

chastise

criticar severamente / castigar severamente
Meaning
to criticize or punish severely
Example
The teacher chastised the student for being late.
El maestro reprendió al estudiante por llegar tarde.
C1 adjective ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs

conscientious

consciente
Meaning
Wishing to do what is right, especially to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly.
Example
A conscientious worker always delivers high-quality results.
Un trabajador consciente siempre entrega resultados de alta calidad.
C1 noun ˌkæp.ɪ.təl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

capitalization

capitalización
Meaning
The total market value of a company's shares or the provision of capital for a company or activity.
Example
The company's capitalization reached $1 billion in market value.
La capitalización de la empresa alcanzó los $1 mil millones en valor de mercado.
C1 noun/verb /kroʊˈʃeɪ/

crochet

croché
Meaning
Needlework made by interlocking loops of thread with a hooked needle; the act of making such items.
Example
She learned how to crochet a scarf for winter.
Ella aprendió a hacer un suéter de lana para el invierno.
C1 verb /kənˈspaɪər/

conspire

conspirar
Meaning
to secretly plan with others to do something harmful or illegal
Example
They conspired to overthrow the government.
Ellos conspiraron para derrocar al gobierno.
C1 verb /kəˈluːd/

collude

conspirar
Meaning
To secretly cooperate or conspire with others, often for a deceitful purpose.
Example
The two companies colluded to fix prices in the market.
Las dos empresas conspiraron para fijar los precios en el mercado.
C1 noun /kənˈtʃɛrtoʊ/

concerto

composición musical
Meaning
a musical composition for one or more solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra
Example
She played a Mozart concerto with the orchestra.
Ella tocó un concierto de Mozart con la orquesta.
C1 noun, verb /kriːs/

crease

pliegue, arruga
Meaning
a line or fold produced on paper, cloth, or other material; to make a fold or wrinkle
Example
She ironed the shirt carefully to remove every crease.
Ella planchó la camisa cuidadosamente para eliminar cada pliegue.
C1 noun /kæsˈkeɪd/

Cascade

cascada; una sucesión de etapas o operaciones
Meaning
a waterfall; a succession of stages or operations
Example
The mountain cascade created a beautiful natural swimming pool below.
La cascada de la montaña creó una hermosa piscina natural de natación abajo.
C1 noun /koʊˈhɪr.əns/

coherence

coherencia
Meaning
The quality of being logical and consistent; forming a unified whole.
Example
The essay lacked coherence, making it hard to follow.
El ensayo carecía de coherencia, lo que dificultaba su seguimiento.
C1 verb /kənˈtraɪv/

contrive

idear
Meaning
to plan or devise cleverly or skillfully
Example
She contrived a clever plan to surprise her friends.
Ella ideó un plan ingenioso para sorprender a sus amigos.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒnsɪˈkwɛnʃəl/

consequential

trascendental
Meaning
Having important or significant consequences; resulting from something.
Example
The meeting was consequential for the future of the project.
La reunión fue trascendental para el futuro del proyecto.
C1 noun /kənˈstɪtʃuənsi/

constituency

circunscripción
Meaning
A geographical area whose residents elect a representative to a legislative body.
Example
She campaigned tirelessly across her constituency.
Hizo campaña incansablemente por su circunscripción.
C1 verb /kəˈrəʊd/

corrode

corroer
Meaning
to gradually destroy or wear away metal or other materials through chemical action
Example
The iron pipes corroded over time due to exposure to water.
Las tuberías de hierro se corrodieron con el tiempo debido a la exposición al agua.
C1 noun ˈkeɪ.dəns

cadence

ritmo de habla con subida y bajada de tono
Meaning
The rhythm and flow of speech with rise and fall in tone.
Example
His speech had a natural cadence that captivated the audience.
Su discurso tenía una cadencia natural que cautivó a la audiencia.
C1 noun /ˈsɪ.nɪk/

Cynic

cínico; persona escéptica
Meaning
a person who believes that people are motivated purely by self-interest; someone who is skeptical about human nature
Example
The old cynic believed that politicians only cared about getting votes.
El viejo cínico creía que los políticos solo se preocupaban por conseguir votos.
C1 noun /ˈkriː.dəns/

credence

creencia, aceptación
Meaning
belief in or acceptance of something as true
Example
The witness gave credence to the defendant's alibi.
El testigo dio credibilidad a la coartada del acusado.
C1 verb /kənˈviːn/

convene

reunirse, convocar una reunión o asamblea
Meaning
to come together or assemble, especially for a meeting or formal gathering
Example
The board will convene tomorrow to discuss the new policy.
La junta se convocará mañana para discutir la nueva política.
C1 noun /ˈkeɪ.sɪŋ/

Casing

cobertura; carcasa
Meaning
a cover or shell that protects or encloses something
Example
The mechanic removed the engine casing to examine the internal parts.
El mecánico quitó la carcasa del motor para examinar las piezas internas.
C1 adjective /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/

compulsive

compulsivo
Meaning
Resulting from or acting on an irresistible urge, especially one that is against one's conscious wishes.
Example
He is a compulsive gambler who cannot stop placing bets.
Él es un jugador compulsivo que no puede dejar de apostar.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndɪmənt/

condiment

condimento
Meaning
a substance such as salt, mustard, or ketchup that is used to add flavor to food
Example
Ketchup is a popular condiment in many countries.
El kétchup es un condimento popular en muchos países.
C1 noun /kənˈveɪəns/

conveyance

transporte
Meaning
The action or process of transporting or carrying someone or something from one place to another.
Example
The conveyance of goods was delayed due to bad weather.
El transporte de mercancías se retrasó debido al mal tiempo.
C1 noun /ˌkɑːr.diˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/

cardiologist

cardiólogo
Meaning
A doctor specializing in diagnosing and treating heart diseases.
Example
She made an appointment with a cardiologist for her chest pain.
Ella hizo una cita con un cardiólogo debido al dolor en su pecho.
C1 noun/adjective /kənˈfɛdərət/

confederate

confederado
Meaning
a person, group, or state joined in an alliance or union; relating to a confederacy
Example
The confederate soldiers fought bravely in the war.
Los soldados confederados lucharon valientemente en la guerra.
C1 verb /ˈkætəˌlaɪz/

catalyze

catalizar
Meaning
To cause or accelerate a reaction or change.
Example
The new law catalyzed reforms across the sector.
La nueva ley catalizó reformas en todo el sector.
C1 verb /kənˈvɜːrdʒ/

converge

converger
Meaning
to come together from different directions; to meet at a point
Example
The roads converge at the city center.
Las carreteras convergen en el centro de la ciudad.
C1 verb /ˈkʌvət/

covet

codiciar
Meaning
to desire something belonging to someone else
Example
He coveted his neighbor's new car.
Él codició el coche nuevo de su vecino.
C1 noun ˌkɒn.əˈteɪ.ʃən

connotation

significado implícito o sugerido
Meaning
The implied or suggested meaning of a word beyond its literal definition
Example
The word 'home' has a warm connotation of comfort and family.
La palabra 'hogar' tiene una connotación cálida de comodidad y familia
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.zəl/

causal

causal
Meaning
relating to or acting as a cause
Example
There is a causal link between smoking and cancer.
Existe una relación causal entre fumar y el cáncer.
C1 adjective /ˈkrɛdɪtəbl/

creditable

digno de elogio
Meaning
Deserving praise or acknowledgment, though not necessarily outstanding.
Example
She made a creditable effort in completing the project on time.
Ella hizo un esfuerzo digno de elogio al completar el proyecto a tiempo.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːrtrɪdʒ/

cartridge

cartucho
Meaning
A container holding a substance or device, such as ink for printers or bullets for firearms.
Example
The printer stopped working because the ink cartridge was empty.
La impresora dejó de funcionar porque el cartucho de tinta estaba vacío.
C1 verb /kənˈfleɪt/

conflate

fusionar / combinar
Meaning
To combine two or more things, often confusingly, into one.
Example
The article tends to conflate facts with opinions.
El artículo tiende a fusionar los hechos con las opiniones.
C1 adjective /kəˈnɒnɪkəl/

canonical

canónico / aceptado
Meaning
Conforming to a general rule or accepted standard; officially recognized.
Example
Shakespeare’s works are considered canonical in English literature.
Las obras de Shakespeare se consideran canónicas en la literatura inglesa.
C1 noun /kjʊˈreɪtər/

curator

curador
Meaning
a person who is responsible for the care and management of a museum, gallery, or collection
Example
The curator organized a new exhibition of ancient artifacts.
El curador organizó una nueva exposición de artefactos antiguos.
C1 noun /kliːˈʃeɪ/

cliche

cliché
Meaning
An overused expression or idea that has lost its originality or impact.
Example
The speech was filled with old clichés that failed to inspire the audience.
El discurso estaba lleno de viejos clichés que no lograron inspirar a la audiencia.
C1 noun /ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃən/

conflagration

gran incendio destructor
Meaning
A large, destructive fire that destroys a great deal of land or property.
Example
The forest was devastated by a massive conflagration that lasted for days.
El bosque fue devastado por un enorme incendio que duró varios días.
C1 noun ˌkæl.ɪˈbreɪ.ʃən

calibration

calibración
Meaning
The action or process of adjusting or determining the accuracy of measuring instruments.
Example
The accuracy of a scale depends on regular calibration.
La precisión de una balanza depende de una calibración regular.
C1 noun /ˈkɒrənər/

coroner

forense
Meaning
an official who investigates sudden, violent, or suspicious deaths
Example
The coroner determined the cause of death was natural.
El forense determinó que la causa de la muerte fue natural.
C1 noun /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfər/

cartographer

cartógrafo
Meaning
A person who makes maps.
Example
The cartographer carefully drew the map of the new territory.
El cartógrafo dibujó cuidadosamente el mapa del nuevo territorio.
C1 adjective /ˌʃoʊ.vəˈnɪs.tɪk/

chauvinistic

chauvinista
Meaning
Displaying or characterized by excessive or prejudiced loyalty or support, especially towards one's own gender or group.
Example
His chauvinistic attitude alienated many of his female colleagues.
Su actitud chauvinista alienó a muchas de sus compañeras de trabajo.
C1 noun /kəˈnʌn.drəm/

conundrum

dilema complicado o acertijo
Meaning
A complex problem or puzzle without an easy solution
Example
The ethical conundrum puzzled the researchers.
El dilema ético desconcertó a los investigadores.
C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈbæləns/

counterbalance

contrarrestar
Meaning
to offset or balance the effect of something
Example
Exercise can counterbalance the negative effects of stress.
El ejercicio puede contrarrestar los efectos negativos del estrés.
C1 noun /kənˈsep.ʃən/

Conception

concepción; idea; fertilización
Meaning
the forming of an idea or plan; the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm; the action of conceiving
Example
The conception of this innovative project took several months of brainstorming.
La concepción de este proyecto innovador tomó varios meses de lluvia de ideas.
C1 noun /ˈkæn.ə.pi/

canopy

la capa superior de un bosque formada por las copas de los árboles; cobertura superior
Meaning
The upper layer of a forest formed by the crowns of trees; overhead cover.
Example
The rainforest canopy provides shelter to many birds and insects.
El dosel del bosque tropical proporciona refugio a muchas aves e insectos.
C1 noun /ˈkæləs/

callus

parte engrosada de la piel
Meaning
A thickened and hardened part of the skin or soft tissue, especially in an area subjected to friction.
Example
A callus formed on his palm from using tools every day.
Se le formó un callo en la palma de la mano por usar herramientas todos los días.
C1 adjective /ˈkjʊərəbl/

curable

curable
Meaning
Able to be cured or healed.
Example
The doctor assured her that the disease was curable.
El doctor le aseguró que la enfermedad era curable.
C1 noun /kəˈnɛəri/

canary

canario
Meaning
a small, usually yellow bird known for its singing; also used as a warning sign in dangerous conditions
Example
The canary sang beautifully in its cage.
El canario cantaba hermosamente en su jaula.
C1 noun /kənˈdəʊləns/

condolence

pésame
Meaning
An expression of sympathy, especially on the occasion of death.
Example
She offered her sincere condolence to the grieving family.
Ella ofreció su más sentido pésame a la familia afligida.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɛmptʃuəs/

contemptuous

despectivo, desdeñoso
Meaning
showing or expressing contempt; scornful
Example
She gave him a contemptuous glance.
Ella le dio una mirada desdeñosa.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɜːrtɪd/

concerted

concertado
Meaning
done with great effort, planned and performed together by multiple people
Example
The workers made a concerted effort to improve conditions.
Los trabajadores hicieron un esfuerzo concertado para mejorar las condiciones.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊn.tə.nəns/

countenance

rostro, expresión; apoyo
Meaning
a person's face or expression; support or approval
Example
Her cheerful countenance brightened the room.
Su rostro alegre iluminó la habitación.
C1 adjective ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktɪv

counterproductive

contraproducente
Meaning
Having the opposite of the desired effect; tending to hinder rather than help.
Example
Counterproductive activities often stem from dissatisfaction.
Las actividades contraproducentes a menudo surgen de la insatisfacción.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒz.mɪk/

cosmic

cósmico, vasto
Meaning
relating to the universe or cosmos; vast
Example
Astronomers study cosmic phenomena to understand the universe.
Los astrónomos estudian fenómenos cósmicos para entender el universo.